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Abramovic I, Pezelj I, Dumbovic L, Skara Abramovic L, Vodopic T, Bulimbasic S, Stimac G, Bulic-Jakus F, Kulis T, Katusic Bojanac A, Tomas D, Ulamec M, Sincic N. LGALS3 cfDNA methylation in seminal fluid as a novel prostate cancer biomarker outperforming PSA. Prostate 2024. [PMID: 38824441 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unmet challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) management is to discriminate it from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) due to the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers. Contemporary research on potential PCa biomarkers is directed toward methylated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from liquid biopsies since epigenetic mechanisms are strongly involved in PCa development. METHODS In the present research, cfDNA methylation of the LGALS3 gene in blood and seminal plasma of PCa and BPH patients was assessed using pyrosequencing, as well as LGALS3 DNA methylation in tissue biopsies. Liquid biopsy samples were taken from patients with clinical suspicion of PCa, who were subsequently divided into two groups, that is, 42 with PCa and 55 with BPH, according to the histopathological analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant higher cfDNA methylation of LGALS3 in seminal plasma of BPH than in PCa patients was detected by pyrosequencing. ROC curve analysis showed that it could distinguish PCa and BPH patients with 56.4% sensitivity and 70.4% specificity, while PSA did not differ between the two patient groups. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in LGALS3 cfDNA methylation in blood plasma between the two patient groups. In prostate tumor tissue, there was a statistically significant DNA hypermethylation of LGALS3 compared to surrounding nontumor tissue and BPH tissue. CONCLUSIONS The DNA hypermethylation of the LGALS3 gene represents an event specific to PCa development. In conclusion, LGALS3 cfDNA methylation in seminal fluid discriminates early PCa and BPH presenting itself as a powerful novel PCa biomarker highly outperforming PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pezelj
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leo Dumbovic
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Skara Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tonci Vodopic
- Department of Pathology, Cytology and Forensic Medicine, Varazdin General Hospital, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Stela Bulimbasic
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Stimac
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- BIMIS-Biomedical Research Center Salata, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Samare-Najaf M, Kouchaki H, Moein Mahini S, Saberi Rounkian M, Tavakoli Y, Samareh A, Karim Azadbakht M, Jamali N. Prostate cancer: Novel genetic and immunologic biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117824. [PMID: 38316287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most prevalent male malignancies worldwide with a global burden estimated to increase over the next two decades. Due to significant mortality and debilitation of survival, early diagnosis has been described as key. Unfortunately, current diagnostic serum-based strategies have low specificity and sensitivity. Histologic examination is invasive and not useful for treatment and monitoring purposes. Hence, a plethora of studies have been conducted to identify and validate an efficient noninvasive approach in the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of PCa. These investigations may be categorized as genetic (non-coding biomarkers and gene markers), immunologic (immune cells, interleukins, cytokines, antibodies, and auto-antibodies), and heterogenous (PSA-related markers, PHI-related indices, and urinary biomarkers) subgroups. This review examines current approaches and potential strategies using biomarker panels in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Kouchaki
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Moein Mahini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saberi Rounkian
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yasaman Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
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