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Asemahegn G, Hailu T, Ayehu A. Prevalence of Plasmodium and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Coinfection and Associated Factors among Malaria-Suspected Patients Attending Shewa Robit Health Center, North-Central Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:333-340. [PMID: 38889734 PMCID: PMC11310633 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) coinfection is a major public health problem in developing countries. Its prevalence and associated factors are poorly addressed in the available research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Plasmodium-STH coinfection prevalence and associated factors among malaria-suspected patients attending Shewa Robit Health Center, north-central Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 malaria-suspected patients attending Shewa Robit Health Center from April to May 2023. Stool and blood samples were collected from each participant. Plasmodium and STHs were detected from blood and stool samples by using blood film and the Kato-Katz method, respectively. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to compute Plasmodium-STH coinfection. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Variables with a P-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Among the study participants, 27.9%, 20.3%, and 13.4% were positive for Plasmodium, STHs, and Plasmodium-STH coinfection, respectively. The prevalence of Plasmodium-Ascaris lumbricoides coinfection was high (7.6%). Unavailability of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), improper use of ITNs, absence of indoor residual spraying, presence of stagnant water, and previous malaria infection were significantly associated (P <0.01) with Plasmodium infection. Being illiterate, using an unimproved latrine, having an untrimmed fingernail, and practicing open defecation were also significantly associated (P <0.03), with STH infection. Being male, illiterate, and living in rural areas were significantly associated (P <0.03) with Plasmodium-STH coinfection. The prevalence of Plasmodium-STH coinfection was high in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, malaria-suspected cases should be checked for STH infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geletaw Asemahegn
- Mehal Meda General Hospital, North Shewa Zone, Amhara National Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Hailu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Animen Ayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Betera S, Wispriyono B, Nunu WN, Susanna D, Midzi N, Dhliwayo P, Yelda F, Nyamukondiwa M. Malaria Severity in the Elimination Continuum: A Retrospective Cohort Study between Beitbridge and Lupane Districts in Zimbabwe, 2021-2023. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:877. [PMID: 39063453 PMCID: PMC11276829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Malaria has created a resurgence crisis in Zimbabwe's elimination continuum, diverging from global commitment to malaria elimination by 2030. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with severe malaria in the Beitbridge and Lupane districts. Multistage sampling was used to recruit 2414 individuals recorded in the District Health Information Software2 Tracker database. The study used IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0(20) for data analysis, and odds ratios (ORs) to estimate the relative risk (RR; 95% C.I; p < 0.05). The study revealed significant relative risks (p-value < 0.05) for individuals who had no Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (Beitbridge 47.4; Lupane 12.3), those who owned but used the LLINs (Beitbridge 24.9; Lupane 7.83), those who slept outdoors during the night (Beitbridge 84.4; Lupane 1.93), and adults (Beitbridge 0.18; Lupane 0.22) compared to the corresponding reference groups. Other factors showed varying RR: sex (Beitbridge 126.1), prompt treatment (Beitbridge 6.78), hosting visitor(s) (Lupane 6.19), and residence (Lupane 1.94) compared to the corresponding reference groups. Risk factor management needs to focus on increasing local awareness of malaria, universal LLINs coverage of indoor and outdoor sleeping spaces, community-based programs on proper and consistent LLIN usage, screening of visitors from malaria-endemic areas, comprehensive entomological activities, mixed malaria interventions in rural hotspots, and future research on local malaria transmission dynamics. While Zimbabwe has the potential to meet the global goal of malaria elimination, success depends on overcoming the risk factors to sustain the gains already made among malaria elimination districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Same Betera
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kampus Baru Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; (S.B.); (D.S.); (M.N.)
- Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Kaguvi Building, 4th Floor, Causeway, Harare P.O. Box CY 1122, Zimbabwe
| | - Bambang Wispriyono
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kampus Baru Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; (S.B.); (D.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Wilfred Njabulo Nunu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone UB 0022, Botswana;
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein P.O. Box 339, South Africa
| | - Dewi Susanna
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kampus Baru Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; (S.B.); (D.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Nicholas Midzi
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Ministry of Health and Child Care, 65 Josiah Tongogara, Harare Street, Harare P.O. Box CY 1122, Zimbabwe
| | - Patience Dhliwayo
- National Malaria and Control Program, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Kaguvi Building, 4th Floor, Causeway, Harare P.O. Box CY 1122, Zimbabwe
| | - Fitra Yelda
- Research Center of Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Kampus Baru Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kampus Baru Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; (S.B.); (D.S.); (M.N.)
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Ministry of Health and Child Care, 65 Josiah Tongogara, Harare Street, Harare P.O. Box CY 1122, Zimbabwe
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Dapari R, Mohd Yusop MZF, Chinnasamy D, Zakaria NI, Mohd Shoaib SM, Edros ME. A systematic review of the factors associated with malaria infection among forest rangers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303406. [PMID: 38748721 PMCID: PMC11095669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria is a vector-borne disease that initially manifests as fever, headache, and chills. The illness could progress to more severe conditions, including lethargy, impaired consciousness, convulsions, shortness of breath, blood in urine, jaundice, and haemorrhage if left untreated. The risk of contracting malaria is considerably heightened in specific occupational settings, particularly among forest rangers, following frequent exposure to natural habitats. Consequently, advancing the understanding of malaria and emphasising how specific occupational environments (including those of forest rangers) contribute to disease risk and management is imperative. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to determine the factors associated with malaria infection among forest rangers by systematically reviewing electronic articles from three databases (EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate). METHODS The current review was prepared based on the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. First, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the data collected. The information was then stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were critically appraised with the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess their quality. RESULT A total of 103, 31, and 51 articles from EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, respectively, were selected, resulting in 185 unique hits. Nevertheless, only 63 full-text publications were assessed following a rigorous selection screening, from which only five were included in the final review. The studies revealed that several factors contribute to malaria infection among forest rangers. The parameters were classified into sociodemographic, individual, and living condition-related. CONCLUSION A better understanding of malaria progresses and identifying its potential risk factors is essential to impact worker well-being. The findings might be utilised to improve malaria infection prevention programme implementations, hence maximising their success. Pre-employment and regular health screenings could also aid in evaluating and identifying potential risks for malaria infection among forest rangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Dapari
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Zazali Fikri Mohd Yusop
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dharsshini Chinnasamy
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izati Zakaria
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munisah Mohd Shoaib
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Erfan Edros
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Woldesenbet D, Tegegne Y, Semaw M, Abebe W, Barasa S, Wubetie M, Tamene E, Anteneh M, Yimer A, Wolde D. Malaria Prevalence and Risk Factors in Outpatients at Teda Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Parasitol Res 2024; 2024:8919098. [PMID: 38774539 PMCID: PMC11108681 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8919098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite extensive efforts and achievements made in prevention and control, malaria is still a public health problem in Ethiopia. Currently, the case number has been climbing, even changing the epidemiology to the previously low-burden reporting locations. Therefore, our study is aimed at assessing malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in outpatients, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 318 malaria-suspected outpatients from October 22 to December 15, 2022, at Teda Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. Sociodemographic characteristics and malaria risk factors were assessed by a face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire. Plasmodium parasites were detected by using microscopy on a blood film stained with 10% and 3% Giemsa stain. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25, and statistical significance was reported at a p value < 0.05. Results Of the 318 study participants, 124 (39.0%; 95%CI = 33.6% - 44.6%) tested positive for Plasmodium infection. Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and mixed infections were identified in 71 (57.3%), 47 (37.9%), and 6 (4.8%), respectively, among positive study participants. Individuals above the age of 15 (AOR = 2.704, 95% CI 1.370-5.336) were more likely to be infected with Plasmodium than under-five-year-old individuals. Rural residents (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.281-5.098), those who sleep or work outside at night (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.020-3.875), and individuals who did not use long-lasting insecticide-treated net (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI 1.633-6.499) and had a family member with a history of malaria (AOR = 2.902, 95%CI = 1.671 - 5.041) had higher odds of acquiring Plasmodium infection than their counterparts. Conclusion In our study area, malaria was a major health problem, with P. vivax being the dominant species. Multiple environmental and behavioural factors were associated with the infection acquisition. Therefore, urgent holistic intervention is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmawi Woldesenbet
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Yalewayker Tegegne
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Semaw
- Medical Laboratory Unit, Sanja General Hospital, Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau, Sanja, Ethiopia
| | - Wagaw Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Silesh Barasa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Menberu Wubetie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Tamene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Marshet Anteneh
- Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aschalew Yimer
- Medical Laboratory Unit, Teda Health Center, Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Deneke Wolde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Lakew YY, Fikrie A, Godana SB, Wariyo F, Seyoum W. Magnitude of malaria and associated factors among febrile adults in Siraro District Public Health facilities, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022: a facility-based cross-sectional study. Malar J 2023; 22:259. [PMID: 37674201 PMCID: PMC10483761 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant efforts made to control malaria in Ethiopia, the disease remains one of the top public health problems in the country. Baseline malaria prevalence and associated factor at high malaria area is important to guide malaria control interventions, there was paucity of information regarding the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine prevalence of malaria and associated factors among febrile adults in Siraro district health facilities, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 317 febrile adult patients at Siraro district health facilities. Structured pre-tested questionnaires were used to collect data. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. In order to identify factors associated with malaria infection bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed, The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value of < 0.05 was computed to show the strength of the association. RESULTS The overall prevalence of malaria at the study area was 130 (41.0%) [(95% CI 35.3-46.7)]. Occupation (being farmer) [(AOR = 6.05; 95% CI 1.38, 26.49)], having poor knowledge on malaria transmission [(AOR = 2.95 95%; CI 1.48-5.88)], house with wood wall [(AOR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.34-5.49)], and number of windows (≥ 3) in the house [(AOR = 6.82; 95% CI 1.05, 44.40)] were identified to be significantly associated with magnitude of malaria in the study area. CONCLUSION The prevalence of malaria at the study area was high as compared with the national wide figures. Being farmer, having poor knowledge on malaria transmission, and housing condition (house with wood wall and houses with three and above windows) were found to be significantly associated with malaria infection in the study area. Therefore, there has to be an emphasis on addressing the factors by providing sustainable health education for the communities to improve their housing condition and knowledge of community on the way of malaria prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Yohanes Lakew
- Department of Nursing, Pharma College Hawassa Campus, P.O. Box 67, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Anteneh Fikrie
- Departement of Public Health, Pharma College Hawassa Campus, P.O. Box 67, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Bedane Godana
- Department of Nursing, Pharma College Hawassa Campus, P.O. Box 67, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Fatuma Wariyo
- Departement of Public Health, Pharma College Hawassa Campus, P.O. Box 67, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Wongelawit Seyoum
- Departement of Public Health, Pharma College Hawassa Campus, P.O. Box 67, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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