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Pollin G, Mathison AJ, de Assuncao TM, Thomas A, Zeighami L, Salmonson A, Liu H, Urrutia G, Vankayala P, Pandol SJ, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna J, Jin VX, Urrutia R, Lomberk G. EHMT2 Inactivation in Pancreatic Epithelial Cells Shapes the Transcriptional Landscape and Inflammation Response of the Whole Pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584700. [PMID: 38529489 PMCID: PMC10962735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The Euchromatic Histone Methyl Transferase Protein 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a, deposits transcriptionally repressive chromatin marks that play pivotal roles in the maturation and homeostasis of multiple organs. Recently, we have shown that EHMT2 inactivation alters growth and immune gene expression networks, antagonizing KRAS-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation and promotion. Here, we elucidate the essential role of EHMT2 in maintaining a transcriptional landscape that protects organs from inflammation. Comparative RNA-seq studies between normal postnatal and young adult pancreatic tissue from EHMT2 conditional knockout animals ( EHMT2 fl/fl ) targeted to the exocrine pancreatic epithelial cells ( Pdx1-Cre and P48 Cre/+ ), reveal alterations in gene expression networks in the whole organ related to injury-inflammation-repair, suggesting an increased predisposition to damage. Thus, we induced an inflammation repair response in the EHMT2 fl/fl pancreas and used a data science-based approach to integrate RNA-seq-derived pathways and networks, deconvolution digital cytology, and spatial transcriptomics. We also analyzed the tissue response to damage at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular pathology levels. The EHMT2 fl/fl pancreas displays an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair response, offering insights into fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process. More importantly, these data show that conditional EHMT2 inactivation in exocrine cells reprograms the local environment to recruit mesenchymal and immunological cells needed to mount an increased inflammatory response. Mechanistically, this response is an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair reaction with a small contribution of specific EHMT2-regulated transcripts. Thus, this new knowledge extends the mechanisms underlying the role of the EHMT2-mediated pathway in suppressing pancreatic cancer initiation and modulating inflammatory pancreatic diseases.
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Song X, Romeiro FG, Wang J, Yin Y, Philips CA, Yang X, Liu X, Wu W, Bernardinelli MVT, Santos de Souza R, Theruvath AH, Lin S, Qi X. Development and validation of modified Liaoning score for predicting the prognosis of liver cirrhosis: a retrospective, international multicenter, observational study. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:121-128. [PMID: 38362663 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2320238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liaoning score has been developed and validated to predict the risk of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to further modify the Liaoning score by combining clinical and laboratory parameters to predict the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients. METHODS First, 474 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled from Shenyang, China as the training cohort. Independent predictors for death were identified by competing risk analyses, and then a new prognostic model, called as modified Liaoning score, was developed. Its performance was externally validated at three centers from Fuzhou, China (n = 1944), Jinan, China (n = 485), and São Paulo, Brazil (n = 221). RESULTS Age, total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), serum creatinine (SCr), and Liaoning score were independently associated with death in the training cohort. Modified Liaoning score = 0.159×Liaoning score + 0.010×TBIL(µmol/L)+0.029×age(years)+0.011×SCr(µmol/L)-0.037×ALB(g/L). The area under curve of modified Liaoning score was 0.714 (95%CI = 0.655-0.773), which was higher than that of Child-Pugh score (0.707, 95%CI = 0.645-0.770), MELD score (0.687, 95%CI = 0.623-0.751), and Liaoning score (0.583, 95%CI = 0.513-0.654). A modified Liaoning score of ≥ 1.296 suggested a higher cumulative incidence of death in liver cirrhosis (p < 0.001). Modified Liaoning score still had the highest prognostic performance in Chinese and Brazilian validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Modified Liaoning score can be considered for predicting the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Song
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Fernando Gomes Romeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | | | - Roger Santos de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arif Hussain Theruvath
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Su Lin
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University), Shenyang, China
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Rabaan AA, Bello KE, Irekeola AA, Kaabi NAA, Halwani MA, Yousuf AA, Alshengeti A, Alfaraj AH, Khamis F, Al-Subaie MF, AlShehail BM, Almuthree SA, Ibraheem NY, Khalifa MH, Alfaresi M, Fares MAA, Garout M, Alsayyah A, Alshehri AA, Alqahtani AS, Alissa M. Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Population within Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39,050 Participants. Pathogens 2023; 12:1220. [PMID: 37887736 PMCID: PMC10609743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant complication of hepatitis B and still poses a global public health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide adequate details on the prevalence of HCC in the HBV population within Southeast Asian countries. METHOD Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) criteria, a thorough search for literature discussing the prevalence of HCC in the HBV population within southeast Asia was performed. Eligible studies were subjected to a meta-analysis utilising a DerSimonian and Laird approach and a random effect model. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023423953). RESULT Our study meticulously recovered 41 articles from seven countries in Southeast Asia, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. A total of 39,050 HBV patients and 7479 HCC cases in southeast Asia were analysed. The pooled prevalence of HCC in HBV cases within southeast Asia was 45.8% (95% CI, 34.3-57.8%, I2 = 99.51%, p < 0.001). Singapore (62.5%, CI: 42.4-79.1) had the highest pooled prevalence of HCC in the HBV population compared to Vietnam, with the lowest estimate (22.4%, CI: 9.9-44.9). There was a drop in the pooled prevalence of HCC in HBV from 2016 until now (37.6%, CI: 19.2-60.5). CONCLUSION The findings of this review reveal a high pooled prevalence of HCC in the HBV population and therefore stir the need for routine screening, management, and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Kizito Eneye Bello
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University) Anyigba, Anyigba PMB 1008, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Nigeria
| | - Nawal A. Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. Yousuf
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat 1331, Oman
| | - Maha F. Al-Subaie
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M. AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souad A. Almuthree
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 43442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Y. Ibraheem
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 43442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahassen H. Khalifa
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 43442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi 3740, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona A. Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain Z, Qi Q, Zhu J, Anderson KE, Ma X. Protoporphyrin IX-induced phototoxicity: Mechanisms and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108487. [PMID: 37392940 PMCID: PMC10529234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Abnormal accumulation of PPIX due to certain pathological conditions such as erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria causes painful phototoxic reactions of the skin, which can significantly impact daily life. Endothelial cells in the skin have been proposed as the primary target for PPIX-induced phototoxicity through light-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species. Current approaches for the management of PPIX-induced phototoxicity include opaque clothing, sunscreens, phototherapy, blood therapy, antioxidants, bone marrow transplantation, and drugs that increase skin pigmentation. In this review, we discuss the present understanding of PPIX-induced phototoxicity including PPIX production and disposition, conditions that lead to PPIX accumulation, symptoms and individual differences, mechanisms, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Porphyria Laboratory and Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Lin J, Sun J. Rituximab May Have Positive Effect on Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3008597. [PMID: 35813445 PMCID: PMC9262522 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at demonstrating the role of rituximab (RTX) on the influence of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and on urinary protein which was not significant. Methods The clinical randomized controlled trials were performed by eight databases. Meanwhile, the confidence interval (CI) of either relative risk or mean difference was set to 95%. Besides, the heterogeneity of the research results is tested by I 2. Results A total of 1658 references were found using the search method. This meta-analysis will be done by the ultimately eight different studies. Each study is described as random controlled trial. According to these eight studies, the remission of test group and control group was quite higher (OR: 1.60; 95% Cl: 1.17, 2.20; P < 0.01) than the control group, serum albumin (SMD: 4.19; 95% Cl: 1.49, 6.89; P < 0.01), and urine protein (SMD: 0.79; 95% Cl: -0.64, 2.22; P = 0.28). Despite the fact that the remission rate's funnel plot was asymmetrically distributed, Egger's test and Begg's test revealed no probable publish bias. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that rituximab (RTX) may be effective in RNS, as evidenced by remission rates and serum albumin. However, the effect on urinary protein was not significant. The clear evidence is missing in this literature. Therefore, large sample, multicenter, low risk of bias clinical studies, as well as basic medical research, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- Nephrology Department, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Nephrology Department, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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