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Mahmoud DM, Ali MR, Aldosari BN, Zaki RM, Afzal O, Tulbah AS, Naguib DM, Zanaty MI, Attia ME, Abo El-Ela FI, Fouad AG. Functional candesartan loaded lipid nanoparticles for the control of diabetes-associated stroke: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100227. [PMID: 38260917 PMCID: PMC10801309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that raises the odds of developing stroke. Candesartan has been used to prevent stroke due to its inhibitory effects on blood pressure, angiogenesis, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. However, oral candesartan has very limited bioavailability and efficacy due to its weak solubility and slow release. The study aimed to develop a nasal formulation of candesartan-loaded liposomes containing ethanol and propylene glycol (CLEP) to improve candesartan's delivery, release, permeation, and efficacy as a potential diabetes-associated stroke treatment. Using design expert software, different CLEP formulations were prepared and evaluated in vitro to identify the optimum formulation, which. The selected optimum formulation composed of 3.3% phospholipid, 10% ethanol, and 15% propylene glycol significantly increased the release and permeation of candesartan relative to free candesartan by a factor of 1.52 and 1.47, respectively. The optimum formulation significantly reduced the infarction after stroke in rats; decreased flexion, spontaneous motor activity, and time spent in the target quadrant by 70%, 64.71%, and 92.31%, respectively, and enhanced grip strength by a ratio of 2.3. Therefore, nasal administration of the CLEP formulation could be a potential diabetes-associated stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed R.A. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Basmah Nasser Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa S. Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Demiana M. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Zanaty
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mary Eskander Attia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr Gamal Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ishigooka G, Mizuno H, Oosuka S, Jin D, Takai S, Kida T. Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cataracts. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6627. [PMID: 37892765 PMCID: PMC10607684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of oxidative stress produced by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in cataract formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ) using angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Rats were treated with streptozotocin and orally administered candesartan (2.5 mg/kg/day) or a normal diet for 10 weeks until sacrifice. Cataract progression was assessed through a slit-lamp examination. Animals were euthanized at 18 weeks, and the degree of cataract progression was evaluated. Oxidative stress was also assessed. In STZ-treated rats, lens opacity occurred at 12 weeks. Cataract progression was inhibited in the ARB-treated group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). STZ-treated rats exhibited upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression than control rats. Oxidative stress-related factors were upregulated in the placebo-treated group but suppressed in the ARB-treated group. A correlation coefficient test revealed a positive correlation between ACE gene expression and oxidative stress-related factors and a negative correlation between ACE and superoxide dismutase. Immunostaining revealed oxidative stress-related factors and advanced glycation end products in the lens cortex of the placebo-treated group. The mechanism of diabetic cataracts may be related to RAS, and the increase in focal ACE and angiotensin II in the lens promotes oxidative stress-related factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Ishigooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Shou Oosuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (D.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (H.M.); (S.O.)
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Zhang X, Han T, Xu T, Wang H, Ma H. Uncovering Candidate mRNAs, Signaling Pathways and Immune Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaque and Ischemic Stroke. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2999-3012. [PMID: 37465552 PMCID: PMC10350412 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The specific molecular mechanistic link between atherosclerotic plaques and ischemic stroke (IS) is not clear. The aim of this study is to explore the potential molecular relationship between atherosclerotic plaques and IS. Methods All data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Key hub differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) related to atherosclerotic plaques and IS were identified by differential expression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Subsequently, a diagnostic model was established based on the expression of key hub DEmRNAs and logistic regression. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of key hub DEmRNAs, the transcription factor (TF) regulatory network and mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network were also constructed. In addition, functional enrichment analysis and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) analysis were also performed. Results Four key hub DEmRNAs (ADCY3, CLDN7, PPM1B and RRAS2) were identified by differential expression analysis and LASSO analysis. Moreover, the diagnostic model based on four key hub DEmRNAs has excellent diagnostic accuracy. We also found that Type 1 T helper cell may be associated with IS caused by atherosclerosis based on ssGSEA analysis. In the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network, we found that multiple signaling axes such as RRAS2-hsa-miR-3150b-3p-ILF3-AS1, PPM1B-hsa-miR-541-5p-LINC00294, CLDN7-hsa-miR-184-LINC00467 and ADCY3-hsa-miR-488-3p-URB1-AS1 may play an important role in the progression of IS. In addition, some signaling pathways, including chemokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway, may be involved in regulating IS. Conclusion The identified key molecules, signaling pathways and immune cells may help to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between atherosclerotic plaque and the progression of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengxiao Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Taian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
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Gao Z, Wang Q, Guo K, Li X, Huang Y. Enpp1 deficiency caused chondrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting AMPK signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:462. [PMID: 37370114 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND The deficiency of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) causes the phenotype similar to knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. METHOD The global deletion of Enpp1 (Enpp1-/-) mice was created to analyze the role of Enpp1 in the progress of knee OA. The apoptosis, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation ability of chondrocytes from wild-type (WT) and Enpp1-/- joints were compared. According to the results of high-throughput quantitative molecular measurements, the proteins of chondrocytes from WT and Enpp1-/- mice were used to explore the mechanism of Enpp1 deficiency-associated knee OA. RESULT In Enpp1-/- knee joints, we found significant chondrocyte apoptosis and proteomic results showed that abnormal expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway may contribute to this phenotype. In primary chondrocyte cultures in vitro, Enpp1 deletion dramatically enhancing chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we found Enpp1 deletion inhibits the phosphorylation of AMPK (P-AMPK). We also found that decreased level of P-AMPK and chondrocyte apoptosis, which are caused by Enpp1 deficiency, can be reversed by Acadesine (AICAR), the activator of AMPK. CONCLUSION Consequently, Enpp1 deficiency plays an essential role in knee OA by regulating AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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She R, Liu D, Liao J, Wang G, Ge J, Mei Z. Mitochondrial dysfunctions induce PANoptosis and ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: from pathology to therapeutic potential. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191629. [PMID: 37293623 PMCID: PMC10244524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for more than 80% of the total stroke, which represents the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a cascade of pathophysiological events following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation, which not only directly damages brain tissue, but also enhances a series of pathological signaling cascades, contributing to inflammation, further aggravate the damage of brain tissue. Paradoxically, there are still no effective methods to prevent CI/RI, since the detailed underlying mechanisms remain vague. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, iron dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) disruption, are closely relevant to the pathological process of CI/RI. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions play vital roles in the regulation of programmed cell deaths (PCDs) such as ferroptosis and PANoptosis, a newly proposed conception of cell deaths characterized by a unique form of innate immune inflammatory cell death that regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes. In the present review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions and how this key event contributes to inflammatory response as well as cell death modes during CI/RI. Neuroprotective agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions may serve as a promising treatment strategy to alleviate serious secondary brain injuries. A comprehensive insight into mitochondrial dysfunctions-mediated PCDs can help provide more effective strategies to guide therapies of CI/RI in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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