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Liu S, Li H, Shen Y, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Li C, Xie L, Wu Q. Moxibustion improves hypothalamus Aqp4 polarization in APP/PS1 mice: Evidence from spatial transcriptomics. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1069155. [PMID: 36819717 PMCID: PMC9931733 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1069155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is highly polarized to perivascular astrocytic endfeet. Loss of AQP4 polarization is associated with many diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), AQP4 loses its normal location and thus reduces the clearance of amyloid-β plaques and tau protein. Clinical and experimental studies showed that moxibustion can improve the learning and memory abilities of AD. To explore whether moxibustion can affect the polarization of AQP4 around the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we used spatial transcriptomics (ST) to analyze the expression and polarization of Aqp4 in wild-type mice, APP/PS1 mice, and APP/PS1 mice intervened by moxibustion. The results showed that moxibustion improved the loss of abnormal polarization of AQP4 in APP/PS1 mice, especially in the hypothalamic BBB. Besides, the other 31 genes with Aqp4 as the core have similar depolarization in APP/PS1 mice, most of which are also membrane proteins. The majority of them have been reversed by moxibustion. At the same time, we employed the cerebrospinal fluid circulation gene set, which was found to be at a higher level in the group of APP/PS1 mice with moxibustion treatment. Finally, to further explore its mechanism, we analyzed the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzymes closely related to energy metabolism and found that moxibustion can significantly increase the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes such as Cox6a2 in the hypothalamus, which could provide energy for mRNA transport. Our research shows that increasing the polarization of hypothalamic Aqp4 through mitochondrial energy supply may be an important target for moxibustion to improve cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weikang Zhu
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junmeng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lushuang Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qiaofeng Wu,
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Choi HJ, Park JH, Jeong YJ, Hwang JW, Lee S, Lee H, Seol E, Kim IW, Cha BY, Seo J, Moon M, Hoe HS. Donepezil ameliorates Aβ pathology but not tau pathology in 5xFAD mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:63. [PMID: 35850693 PMCID: PMC9290238 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil is used to improve Aβ pathology and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the impact of donepezil on tau pathology is unclear. Thus, we examined the effects of donepezil on Aβ and tau pathology in 5xFAD mice (a model of AD) in this study. We found that intraperitoneal injection of donepezil (1 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited significant reductions in Aβ plaque number in the cortex and hippocampal DG region. In addition, donepezil treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced Aβ-mediated microglial and, to a lesser extent, astrocytic activation in 5xFAD mice. However, neither intraperitoneal/oral injection of donepezil nor oral injection of rivastigmine altered tau phosphorylation at Thr212/Ser214 (AT100), Thr396, and Thr231 in 5xFAD mice. Surprisingly, we observed that intraperitoneal/oral injection of donepezil treatment significantly increased tau phosphorylation at Thr212 in 5xFAD mice. Taken together, these data suggest that intraperitoneal injection of donepezil suppresses Aβ pathology but not tau pathology in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, 41068, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, 41068, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 42988, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, 41068, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, 41068, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Lee
- G2GBIO, Inc., Science Park#411, 1646 Yuseond-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heeyong Lee
- G2GBIO, Inc., Science Park#411, 1646 Yuseond-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Seol
- G2GBIO, Inc., Science Park#411, 1646 Yuseond-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Whi Kim
- PharmacoRex Co., Ltd., 20 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34016, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Cha
- PharmacoRex Co., Ltd., 20 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34016, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 42988, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 35365, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, 41068, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 42988, Daegu, Korea.
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