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Hamed YS, Ahsan HM, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Tian B, Wang J, Zou XG, Bu T, Ming C, Rayan AM, Yang K. Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa root: Extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128023. [PMID: 37952795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots are attracting increased attention from nutritionists and health-conscious customers because of their remarkable performance in supplying necessary nutrients. Polysaccharides are major biologically active substances in B. rapa roots, which come in a variety of monosaccharides with different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. Depending on the source, extraction, separation, and purification methods of B. rapa roots polysaccharides (BRP); different structural features, and pharmacological activities are elucidated. Polysaccharides from B. rapa roots possess a range of nutritional, biological, and health-enhancing characteristics, including anti-hypoxic, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. This paper reviewed extraction and purification methods, structural features, and biological activities as well as correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of polysaccharides from the B. rapa roots. Ultimately, this work will serve as useful reference for understanding the connections between polysaccharide structure and biological activity and developing novel BRP-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya S Hamed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahahuddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Cai Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ahmed M Rayan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
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Liu Y, Feng Z, Hu Y, Xu X, Kuang T, Liu Y. Polysaccharides derived from natural edible and medicinal sources as agents targeting exercise-induced fatigue: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128280. [PMID: 38000591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) is a common occurrence during prolonged endurance and excessive exercise and is mainly caused by energy depletion, harmful metabolite accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. EF usually leads to a reduction in initiating or maintaining spontaneous activities and muscle performance and ultimately results in a decrease in the quality of life of people who engage in physical work. Therefore, the interest in investigating EF-targeting agents with minimal side effects and good long-term efficacy has substantially increased. Natural edible and medicinal polysaccharides have shown positive anti-EF effects, but the relevant reviews are rare. This review comprehensively summarizes studies on natural polysaccharides from edible and medicinal sources that can relieve EF and improve physical performance from the past decade, focusing on their sources, monosaccharide compositions, anti-EF effects, and possible molecular mechanisms. Most of these anti-EF polysaccharides are heteropolysaccharides and are mainly composed of glucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, and mannose. In EF animal models, the polysaccharides exert positive EF-alleviating effects through energy supply, metabolic regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and gut microbiota remodeling. However, further studies are still needed to clarify the anti-EF effects of these polysaccharides on human beings. In summary, the present review expects to provide scientific data for the future research and development of natural polysaccharide-based anti-EF drugs, dietary supplements, and health-care products for specific fatigue groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Liu
- Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zige Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China; School of Physical Education and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
| | - Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China.
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