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Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang R, Ma Z, Liu J, Bi H, Guo D. Crosstalk between heredity and environment in myopia: An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29715. [PMID: 38660258 PMCID: PMC11040123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has gradually increased, and it has become a significant global public health problem in the 21st century, posing a serious challenge to human eye health. Currently, it is confirmed that the development of myopia is attributed to the combined action of genes and environmental factors. Thus, elucidating the risk factors and pathogenesis of myopia is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia. To elucidate the impact of gene-environment interaction on myopia, we used the Pubmed database to search for literature related to myopia. Search terms are as follows: myopia, genes, environmental factors, gene-environment interaction, and treatment. This paper reviews the effects of gene and environmental interaction on myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
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Yang ZH, Hao JW, Liu JP, Bao B, Li TL, Wu QX, He MG, Bi HS, Guo DD. Electroacupuncture alleviates ciliary muscle cell apoptosis in lens-induced myopic guinea pigs through inhibiting the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1942-1951. [PMID: 38111935 PMCID: PMC10700068 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in the ciliary muscle of guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). METHODS Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, LIM group, LIM+SHAM acupoint (LIM+SHAM) group, and LIM+EA group. Animals in the NC group received no intervention, while those in other three groups were covered with -6.0 diopter (D) lenses on right eyes. Meanwhile, animals in the LIM+EA group received EA at Hegu (LI4) combined with Taiyang (EX-HN5) acupoints, while those in the LIM+SHAM group were treated at sham points. After treatments for 1, 2, and 4wk, morphological changes in ciliary muscles were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the expression of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway-related molecules in ciliary muscles was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Additionally, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents were also determined in ciliary muscles. RESULTS Axial length increased significantly in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups and decreased in the LIM+EA group. The ciliary muscle fibers were broken and destroyed in both LIM and LIM+SHAM groups, whereas those in the LIM+EA group improved significantly. TUNEL assay showed the number of apoptotic cells increased in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups, whereas reduced in the LIM+EA group. ATP contents showed a significant decrease in the LIM and LIM+SHAM groups, whereas increased after EA treatment. Compared with the NC group, the dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), Caspase3, and apoptotic protease activator 1 (APAF1) levels were significantly increased in the LIM group and decreased in the LIM+EA group. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence of EA inhibiting the development of myopia by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Wen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin-Peng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tu-Ling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Xin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Optometry and Adolescent Low Vision Prevention and Control, Jinan 250002, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Guang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Optometry and Adolescent Low Vision Prevention and Control, Jinan 250002, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Dong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, Shandong Province, China
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Jiang Q, Jiang WJ, Yang CX, Zhang RX, Sun W, Guo DD, Wu JF, Guo B, Wang XR, Bi HS. Inhibitory Effect of Jinkui Shenqi Pills on Glucocorticoid-Enhanced Axial Length Elongation in Experimentally Myopic Guinea Pigs. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:989-997. [PMID: 37171548 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying mechanism of inhibition by Jinkui Shenqi Pills (JKSQP) on glucocorticoid-enhanced axial length elongation in experimental lens-induced myopia (LIM) guinea pigs. METHODS Sixty 2-week old male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 guinea pigs in each group, according to the random numbers generated by SPSS software: control, LIM, saline and JKSQP groups. The control group includes animals with no treatment, while the guinea pigs in the other 3 groups received lens-induced myopization on the right eyes throughout the experiment (for 8 weeks). The saline and JKSQP groups were given daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg hydrocortisone for 2 consecutive weeks at the same time, and then orally administered either saline or JKSQP [13.5 g/(kg•d) for 6 consecutive weeks. Body weight, anal temperature and animal appearance were observed and recorded to evaluate the GC-associated symptoms. The ocular parameters, including refraction and axial length, were measured by streak retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. The levels of plasma hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), including free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, estradiol and testosterone, were measured by radioimmunoassay, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of retinal amphiregulin (AREG) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS JKSQP effectively increased body weight and anal temperature, improved animal appearance and suppressed axial length elongation in glucocorticoid-enhanced myopic guinea pigs with normalization of 4 HPAA-associated plasma hormones (all P<0.05). The plasma level of cAMP was significantly increased, whereas the plasma level of cGMP and the mRNA and protein expressions of retinal AREG were decreased after treatment with JKSQP (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION JKSQP exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on axial length elongation with decreased expression of AREG in the retina, and normalized 4 HPAA-associated plasma hormones and the expression of cAMP and cGMP in GC-enhanced myopic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Wen-Jun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Cheng-Xiu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Rui-Xue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Da-Dong Guo
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xing-Rong Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, 250002, China.
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