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Seo CS, Kim SY, Kim DS. Simultaneous Analysis of Thirteen Compounds in Yeokwisan Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Their Antioxidant Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:727. [PMID: 38931394 PMCID: PMC11206242 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeokwisan (YWS) is an herbal medicine prescription consisting of six oriental herbal medicines, developed to treat reflux esophagitis. We focused on developing an analytical method capable of simultaneously quantifying 13 compounds in YWS samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and exploring their antioxidant effects. All compounds examined in both analytical systems were chromatographically separated on a SunFireTM C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column and an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column using gradient elution of a water-acetonitrile mobile phase. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS tests) and ferrous ion chelating activity. In two analytical methods, the coefficient of determination of the regression equation was ≥0.9965, the recovery range was 81.11-108.21% (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9.33%), and the precision was RSD ≤ 11.10%. Application of the optimized analysis conditions gave quantitative analysis results for YWS samples of 0.02-100.36 mg/g. Evaluation of the antioxidant effects revealed that baicalein and baicalin exhibit significant antioxidant activity, suggesting that they play an important role in the antioxidant effects of YWS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.-S.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
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Zhan X, Xiao Y, Jian Q, Dong Y, Ke C, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Tu J. Integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the effect of Atractylodes oil on Spleen Yang Deficiency Syndrome in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117205. [PMID: 37741473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spleen Yang Deficiency Syndrome (SYDS), which is a syndrome commonly treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), manifests as overall metabolic dysfunction caused mainly by digestive system disorders. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) is a widely used traditional herb with the efficacy of eliminate dampness and strengthen the spleen, Atractylodes oil (AO) is a medicinal component of AL and can be used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders. However, its effects on SYDS and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified to date. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of AO in the improvement of the symptoms of SYDS in rat and the underlying mechanism by integrating transcriptomics, and metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SYDS rats induced by reserpine were treated with AO. The protective effect of AO on SYDS rats was evaluated by serum biochemical detection, histopathological analyses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colorimetric assay and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed to determine the levels of relevant indicators of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in the liver. Liver metabolites and transcript levels were assessed by non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and targets. The expression of the corresponding proteins was verified using Western blotting. RESULTS AO not only regulated the digestion, absorption function and oxidative stress status of SYDS rats, but also improved mitochondrial function and alleviated energy metabolism disorders in SYDS rats. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AO regulation is mainly exerted in amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle as well as PPAR and AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, The AMPK signaling pathway was verified and AO promoted AMPK phosphorylation and the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPARα in SYDS rats. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect of AO on SYDS is potentially attributable to activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which enhances transport and regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yangxin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qipan Jian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Bae CH, Kim HY, Seo JE, Lee H, Kim S. In Silico Analysis of Pyeongwi-San Involved in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1322. [PMID: 37759722 PMCID: PMC10526905 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND Pyeongwi-san (PWS) is a widely used formula for treating digestive disorders in Korea and China. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by progressive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence supports the protective effect of PWS against IBD, but specific mechanisms are still elusive. METHODS Active compounds of PWS were screened from the medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine (TM-MC) in the consideration of drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Target candidates of active compounds were predicted using the ChEMBL database. IBD-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The network of composition-targets-disease was constructed. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding affinity of active compounds on target proteins and molecular dynamics was used to validate the molecular docking result. RESULTS A total of 26 core target proteins of PWS were related to IBD. Enrichment analysis suggested that PWS is highly associated with tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, apoptosis, and the collapse of tight junctions. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation proposed β-eudesmol and (3R,6R,7S)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol to ameliorate IBD through the binding to TNF and MMP9, respectively. CONCLUSION Present in silico analysis revealed potential pathways and insight of PWS to regulate IBD. These results imply that the therapeutic effect of PWS might be achieved via an inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hwan Bae
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Eun Seo
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanul Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Seungtae Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.L.)
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
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Lee B, Ha NY, Park HJ, Kim AR, Kwon OJ, Cho JH, Shin SM, Kim J, Yang C. Herbal Medicine Yukgunja-Tang for Functional Dyspepsia: A Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101456. [PMID: 37239742 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine Yukgunja-tang has been widely used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in the clinical setting of East Asian traditional medicine. This paper presents a protocol for a randomized, assessor-blind, controlled, multicenter, three-arm parallel clinical trial comparing the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang with Pyeongwi-san and usual care. A total of 140 participants with Rome IV-diagnosed FD will be randomly assigned to either the Yukgunja-tang (n = 56), Pyeongwi-san (n = 56), or usual care (n = 28) groups. All participants will be educated on dietary guidelines for FD patients. Participants in the Yukgunja-tang and Pyeongwi-san groups will take investigational products for 6 weeks. All participants will be assessed for clinical parameters at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24. The primary outcome will be measured on the total dyspepsia symptom scale, and the secondary outcome will include the single dyspepsia symptom scale, overall treatment effect, the visual analog scale for dyspepsia, FD-related quality of life, hospital anxiety and depression scale, EuroQol-5 dimension, pattern identification, and serum levels of acyl-ghrelin and deacyl-ghrelin. Adverse events and laboratory tests will be monitored for safety assessment. The results will provide evidence of the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang in the treatment of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Ha
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - O-Jin Kwon
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Xia QS, Gao Y, Wen-Bin W, Wu F, Dong H, Xu LJ, Fang K, Hu ML, Yuan F, Lu FE, Gong J. Ban-xia-xie-xin-tang ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating Cidea and Cidec expression in HFD-fed mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154351. [PMID: 35908522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ban-xia-xie-xin-tang (BXXXT) has been applied in treating metabolic diseases, such as nonalcohol fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of BXXXT in treating diabetes mellitus is unknown. PURPOSE To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of BXXXT in alleviating hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS After 12 weeks of HFD treatment, mice were administered BXXXT for 4 weeks. The main chemical components of BXXXT were identified by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS. Indicators associated with insulin resistance and lipid metabolism were detected. The effect of improving glucose and lipid metabolism between BXXXT and the different components was compared. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by hepatic transcriptomics. Key DEGs and proteins were further detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. LDs and mitochondria were detected by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS First of all, our data demonstrated that the capacity to improve glucose and lipid metabolism for BXXXT was significantly superior to different components of BXXXT. BXXXT was found to improve HFD-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, BXXXT decreased weight, serum/hepatic triglycerides, total cholesterol, and FFAs to alleviate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. According to the results of the hepatic transcription, Cidea and Cidec were identified as critical DEGs for promoting LD fusion and reducing FFAs β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisome resulting in hepatic steatosis, which was reversed by BXXXT. CONCLUSION BXXXT ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by increasing Cidea and Cidec-mediated mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, which may provide a potential strategy for therapy of NAFLD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Wu Wen-Bin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Lin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fen Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Er Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Factors Affecting Korean Medicine Health Care Use for Functional Dyspepsia: Analysis of the Korea Health Panel Survey 2017. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071192. [PMID: 35885719 PMCID: PMC9320755 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) significantly reduces quality of life, and Korean medicine treatment, including herbal medicine, is frequently used in the clinical setting. We aimed to analyze the factors affecting Korean medicine health care (KMHC) use for FD. Data from the Korea Health Panel Survey 2017 were analyzed. Individuals aged > 19 years who were diagnosed with FD and used outpatient care were included. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of predisposing, enabling, and need factors with KMHC use for FD, based on Andersen’s behavioral model. The best subsets of factors affecting KMHC use for FD were selected using a stepwise procedure. Participants aged 65 years or older were less likely to use KMHC to treat FD than those aged 19 to 34 years (odds ratio (OR), 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.02−0.93). Residents of Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, or Gyeongsang tended to use more KMHC to treat FD than those of Seoul, Gyeonggi, or Incheon (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.02−5.88). Participants with private health insurance were more likely to use KMHC to treat FD than those without private health insurance (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.02−11.42). The prediction model of KMHC use for FD selected sex, age, private health insurance, and stress as the best subset of factors (AUC, 0.709; 95% CI, 0.637−0.781). The results of this study will aid in the decision making of clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.
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