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Han J, Tong XY, Rao CY, Ouyang JM, Gui BS. Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Adhesion, and Endocytosis of Micro-/Nano-hydroxyapatite Crystals in HK-2 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48432-48443. [PMID: 38144057 PMCID: PMC10733994 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) is often used as a crystal nest to induce calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation, but the mechanism of interaction between HAP crystals of different properties and renal tubular epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, the adhesion and endocytosis of HAP crystals with sizes of 40 nm, 70 nm, 1 μm, and 2 μm (HAP-40 nm, HAP-70 nm, HAP-1 μm, and HAP-2 μm, respectively) to human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were comparatively studied. The results showed that HAP crystals of all sizes promoted the expression of osteopontin and hyaluronic acid on the cell surface, destroyed the integrity of the lysosomes, and induced the apoptosis and necrosis of cells. Nano-HAP crystals had a higher specific surface area, a smaller contact angle, a higher surface energy, and a lower Zeta potential than those of micro-HAP. Therefore, the abilities of HK-2 cells to adhere to and endocytose nano-HAP crystals were greater than their abilities to do the same for micro-HAP crystals. The order of the endocytosed crystals was as follows: HAP-40 nm > HAP-70 nm > HAP-1 μm > HAP-2 μm. The endocytosed HAP crystals entered the lysosomes. The more crystal endocytosis and adhesion there is, the more toxic it is to HK-2 cells. The results of this study showed that nanosized HAP crystals greatly promoted the formation of kidney stones than micrometer-sized HAP crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Department
of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tong
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chen-Ying Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Bao-Song Gui
- Department
of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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Shichiri M, Suzuki H, Isegawa Y, Tamai H. Application of regulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation to disease treatment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:13-22. [PMID: 36777080 PMCID: PMC9899923 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many diseases in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are involved in their pathogenesis are known, and antioxidants that effectively capture ROS have been identified and developed, there are only a few diseases for which antioxidants have been used for treatment. Here, we discuss on the following four concepts regarding the development of applications for disease treatment by regulating ROS, free radicals, and lipid oxidation with the findings of our research and previous reports. Concept 1) Utilization of antioxidants for disease treatment. In particular, the importance of the timing of starting antioxidant will be discussed. Concept 2) Therapeutic strategies using ROS and free radicals. Methods of inducing ferroptosis, which has been advocated as an iron-dependent cell death, are mentioned. Concept 3) Treatment with drugs that inhibit the synthesis of lipid mediators. In addition to the reduction of inflammatory lipid mediators by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and leukotriene synthesis, we will introduce the possibility of disease treatment with lipoxygenase inhibitors. Concept 4) Disease treatment by inducing the production of useful lipid mediators for disease control. We describe the treatment of inflammatory diseases utilizing pro-resolving mediators and propose potential compounds that activate lipoxygenase to produce these beneficial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Li MT, Liu LL, Zhou Q, Huang LX, Shi YX, Hou JB, Lu HT, Yu B, Chen W, Guo ZY. Phyllanthus Niruri L. Exerts Protective Effects Against the Calcium Oxalate-Induced Renal Injury via Ellgic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891788. [PMID: 36034880 PMCID: PMC9400657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis or kidney stones is a common and frequently occurring renal disease; calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are responsible for 80% of urolithiasis cases. Phyllanthus niruri L. (PN) has been used to treat urolithiasis. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects and molecular mechanism of PN on calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.Methods: Microarray data sets were generated from the calcium oxalate-induced renal injury model of HK-2 cells and potential disease-related targets were identified. Network pharmacology was employed to identify drug-related targets of PN and construct the active ingredient-target network. Finally, the putative therapeutic targets and active ingredients of PN were verified in vitro and in vivo.Results: A total of 20 active ingredients in PN, 2,428 drug-related targets, and 127 disease-related targets were identified. According to network pharmacology analysis, HMGCS1, SQLE, and SCD were identified as predicted therapeutic target and ellagic acid (EA) was identified as the active ingredient by molecular docking analysis. The increased expression of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 due to calcium oxalate-induced renal injury in HK-2 cells was found to be significantly inhibited by EA. Immunohistochemical in mice also showed that the levels of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 were remarkably restored after EA treatment.Conclusion: EA is the active ingredient in PN responsible for its protective effects against CaOx-induced renal injury. SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 are putative therapeutic targets of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ting Li
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Xi Huang
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shi
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Bin Hou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lu
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
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