Amelioration of Age-Related Multiple Neuronal Impairments and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats: The Prospective Multitargets of Geraniol

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Geraniol: an alternative perspective for metabolic disease management

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Natural substance geraniol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. It may be used to treat metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular illnesses. Innovations in nanoformulations enhance geraniol's absorption, stability, and targeted distribution, augmenting its therapeutic effectiveness and mitigating side effects, despite the limits of traditional treatment.

AIM OF THE REVIEW

The therapeutic potential of geraniol in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, neuroinflammation, and cardiovascular disease is examined in this review. It highlights the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering qualities of geraniol as well as the potential for nanoformulations to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A collection of pertinent research articles about the potential of geraniol in metabolic illnesses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases, was compiled from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Terms such as "metabolic syndrome," "antioxidant," "anti-inflammatory," "geraniol," and "nanoformulations" were employed. Google Patents were also examined in order to offer insights into current and upcoming research.

RESULTS

The potential of geraniol to treat metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular illnesses, is thoroughly reviewed in this article. Recent research has demonstrated the lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of geraniol as well as its ability to improve endothelial function and reduce oxidative stress in preclinical animals. The paper delves into the various nanoformulations, including liposomes, nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, which enhance geraniol's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability, making it a viable option for managing metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSION

The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering qualities of geraniol make it a promising treatment for metabolic diseases. Its bioavailability along with therapeutic efficacy are increased by nanoformulations, which makes it a compelling option for the treatment of conditions such as neuroinflammation, diabetes, and obesity.

Comparing the efficacy of concomitant treatment of resistance exercise and creatine monohydrate versus multiple individual therapies in age related sarcopenia

Aging-related sarcopenia is a degenerative loss of strength and skeletal muscle mass that impairs quality of life. Evaluating NUDT3 gene and myogenin expression as new diagnostic tools in sarcopenia. Also, comparing the concomitant treatment of resistance exercise (EX) and creatine monohydrate (CrM) versus single therapy by EX, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and CrM using aged rats. Sixty male rats were equally divided into groups. The control group, aging group, EX-treated group, the CoQ10 group were administered (500 mg/kg) of CoQ10, the CrM group supplied (0.3 mg/kg of CrM), and a group of CrM concomitant with resistance exercise. Serum lipid profiles, certain antioxidant markers, electromyography (EMG), nudix hydrolase 3 (NUDT3) expression, creatine kinase (CK), and sarcopenic index markers were measured after 12 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and myogenin. The EX-CrM combination showed significant improvement in serum lipid profile, antioxidant markers, EMG, NUDT3 gene, myogenin expression, CK, and sarcopenic index markers from other groups. The NUDT3 gene and myogenin expression have proven efficient as diagnostic tools for sarcopenia. Concomitant treatment of CrM and EX is preferable to individual therapy because it reduces inflammation, improves the lipid serum profile, promotes muscle regeneration, and thus has the potential to improve sarcopenia.

Transcriptome and proteomics conjoint analysis reveal anti-alcoholic liver injury effect of Dianhong Black Tea volatile substances

Dianhong Black Tea, a fermented tea containing various bioactive ingredients, has been found to have a significant role in alleviating alcoholic liver injury (ALI). One of its main unique components, Dianhong Black Tea volatile substances (DBTVS), may have potential anti-ALI effects. However, its effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of DBTVS as an anti-ALI agent using alcohol-fed rats. We assessed the effect of DBTVS on ALI by analyzing serum transaminase and lipid levels, as well as conducting hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining. Additionally, GC-MS was used to detect the components of DBTVS, while transcriptome, proteomics analysis, Western blot, and molecular docking were employed to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that DBTVS significantly reduced serum ALT and AST levels and improved lipid metabolism disorders. Moreover, we identified 14 components in DBTVS, with five of them exhibiting strong binding affinity with key proteins. These findings suggested that DBTVS could be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of ALI. Its potential therapeutic effects may be attributed to its ability to regulate lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway.

Rat models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation: Current trends, shortcomings and considerations for future research

Rat diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation (DIO/DIMD) is widely used as a pre-clinical model for human obesity and for testing weight-loss interventions. The aim of this review was to utilise a systematic literature survey of rat DIO/DIMD studies as a tool to document trends around study design and metabolic outcomes of these studies, and to consider ways in which the design of these studies may be improved to enhance the relevance thereof for human obesity research. In total, 110 comparisons between control and obesogenic dietary groups were included in the survey. Young male rats were found to be the model of choice, but fewer than 50% of studies provided comprehensive information about diet composition and energy intake. In addition, it was found that the majority of expected DIO/DIMD responses (hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia) occurred at < 80% frequency, drawing into question the concept of a "typical" or "appropriate" response. We discuss the impact of differences in diet composition and energy intake on metabolic outcomes against the context of large heterogeneity of obesogenic diets employed in rat DIO/DIMD studies, and provide recommendations for the improvement of reporting standards around diet composition and dietary intake. In addition, we highlight the lack of data from female and older rats and describe considerations around the inclusion of sex and age as a variable in rat DIO/DIMD studies, aiming towards improving the applicability of these studies as a model of human obesity, which is most prevalent in women and older individuals.