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Yang Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Ge L, Shi J. N-acetylcysteine as a novel methacrylate-based resin cement component: effect on cell apoptosis and genotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38347533 PMCID: PMC10863190 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by monomers leached from dental composite resins. Herein, we investigated the effects of methacrylate-based resin cement used in dental implant restoration on apoptosis and genotoxicity, as well as the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of its component, NAC. METHODS The antioxidant NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) was experimentally incorporated into the methacrylate-based dental resin cement Premier®. The Premier® + NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) mixture was subsequently immersed into Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 72 h, and used to treat human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The viability of HGFs was determined using the XTT assay. The formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) was determined using a γ-H2AX assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycles were detected and analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The eluate of Premier® significantly inhibited HGF proliferation in vitro by promoting a G1-phase cell cycle arrest, resulting in cell apoptosis. Significant ROS production and DNA-DSB induction were also found in HGFs exposed to the eluate. Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into Premier® was found to reduce cell cytotoxicity, the percentage of G1-phase cells, cell apoptosis, ROS production, and DNA-DSB induction. CONCLUSION Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into methacrylate-based resin cement Premier® decreases the cell cytotoxicity, ROS production, and DNA-DSBs associated with resin use, and further offers protective effects against the early stages of cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest in HGFs. Overall, our in vitro results indicate that the addition of NAC into methacrylate-based resin cements may have clinically beneficial effects on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelun Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingu Ge
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhan Lu 1366, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Matsuura T, Stavrou S, Komatsu K, Cheng J, Pham A, Ferreira S, Baba T, Chang TL, Chao D, Ogawa T. Disparity in the Influence of Implant Provisional Materials on Human Gingival Fibroblasts with Different Phases of Cell Settlement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:123. [PMID: 38203293 PMCID: PMC10779283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of healthy peri-implant soft tissues is critical to achieving the esthetic and biological success of implant restorations throughout all stages of healing and tissue maturation, starting with provisionalization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight different implant provisional materials on human gingival fibroblasts at various stages of cell settlement by examining initial cell attachment, growth, and function. Eight different specimens-bis-acrylic 1 and 2, flowable and bulk-fill composites, self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, milled acrylic, and titanium (Ti) alloy as a control-were fabricated in rectangular plates (n = 3). The condition of human gingival fibroblasts was divided into two groups: those in direct contact with test materials (contact experiment) and those in close proximity to test materials (proximity experiment). The proximity experiment was further divided into three phases: pre-settlement, early settlement, and late settlement. A cell culture insert containing each test plate was placed into a well where the cells were pre-cultured. The number of attached cells, cell proliferation, resistance to detachment, and collagen production were evaluated. In the contact experiment, bis-acrylics and composites showed detrimental effects on cells. The number of cells attached to milled acrylic and self-curing acrylic was relatively high, being approximately 70% and 20-30%, respectively, of that on Ti alloy. There was a significant difference between self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, even with the same curing modality. The cell retention ability also varied considerably among the materials. Although the detrimental effects were mitigated in the proximity experiment compared to the contact experiment, adverse effects on cell growth and collagen production remained significant during all phases of cell settlement for bis-acrylics and flowable composite. Specifically, the early settlement phase was not sufficient to significantly mitigate the material cytotoxicity. The flowable composite was consistently more cytotoxic than the bulk-fill composite. The harmful effects of the provisional materials on gingival fibroblasts vary considerably depending on the curing modality and compositions. Pre-settlement of cells mitigated the harmful effects, implying the susceptibility to material toxicity varies depending on the progress of wound healing and tissue condition. However, cell pre-settlement was not sufficient to fully restore the fibroblastic function to the normal level. Particularly, the adverse effects of bis-acrylics and flowable composite remained significant. Milled and self-curing acrylic exhibited excellent and acceptable biocompatibility, respectively, compared to other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Stella Stavrou
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Alisa Pham
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | | | - Tomomi Baba
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Ting-Ling Chang
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Denny Chao
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
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Bajantri P, Rodrigues SJ, Kabekkodu SP, Bajaj A, Hegde P, Mukherjee S, Saldanha S, Mandatheje M, Shetty B T, Pai UY, Sales A, Kamath V. Cytotoxicity of dental cement on soft tissue associated with dental implants at different time intervals. F1000Res 2023; 12:1342. [PMID: 38826571 PMCID: PMC11140311 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140071.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival fibroblast (HGF). Methods 3 cement pellet samples were made for each 4-test cement (n=12). The cement used for this study were zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc oxide non-eugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200 (RU200), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues was investigated using one commercial cell line. All processing was done following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay Test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Standard laboratory procedures were followed to permit cell growth and confluence over 48 hrs after sub-cultivation. Before being subjected to analysis, the cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for the suggested time period. To validate the results the specimens were tested three times each. Cell death and inhibition of cell growth were measured quantitatively. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a=0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test. Results The study showed the dental cement test material was cytotoxic. ZOE, ZP, GIC, and RU200 were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, significantly reducing cell viability after exposure to HGF (p <0.001). Conclusions Within the limitations of this in-vitro cellular study, results indicated that HGF were vulnerable to the test the dental cement. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in ZOE, followed by ZP, GIC, and RU200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Bajantri
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shobha J. Rodrigues
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Akshar Bajaj
- Department of Biomaterials and Restorative Sciences, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston University, United States Of America, United States Of America, USA
| | - Puneeth Hegde
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sharon Saldanha
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mahesh Mandatheje
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Thilak Shetty B
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Umesh Y. Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ann Sales
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vignesh Kamath
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Bajantri P, Rodrigues SJ, Kabekkodu SP, Bajaj A, Hegde P, Mukherjee S, Saldanha S, Mandatheje M, Shetty B T, Pai UY, Sales A, Kamath V. Cytotoxicity of dental cement on soft tissue associated with dental implants at different time intervals. F1000Res 2023; 12:1342. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival fibroblast (HGF). Methods: 3 cement pellet samples were made for each 4-test cement (n=12). The cement used for this study were zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc oxide non-eugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200 (RU200), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues was investigated using one commercial cell line. All processing was done following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay Test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Standard laboratory procedures were followed to permit cell growth and confluence over 48 hrs after sub-cultivation. Before being subjected to analysis, the cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for the suggested time period. To validate the results the specimens were tested three times each. Cell death and inhibition of cell growth were measured quantitatively. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a=0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test. Results: The study showed the dental cement test material was cytotoxic. ZOE, ZP, GIC, and RU200 were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, significantly reducing cell viability after exposure to HGF (p <0.001). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in-vitro cellular study, results indicated that HGF were vulnerable to the test the dental cement. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in ZOE, followed by ZP, GIC, and RU200.
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