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Niu X, Meng Y, Cui J, Li R, Ding X, Niu B, Chang G, Xu N, Li G, Wang Y, Wang L. Hepatic Stellate Cell- and Liver Microbiome-Specific Delivery System for Dihydrotanshinone I to Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23608-23625. [PMID: 37995097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with liver diseases, yet effective treatment options remain limited. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a promising target for hepatic fibrogenesis due to their pivotal role in disease progression. Our previous research has demonstrated the potential of Dihydrotanshinone I (DHI), a lipophilic component derived from the natural herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, in treating liver fibrosis by inhibiting the YAP/TEAD2 interaction in HSCs. However, the clinical application of DHI faces challenges due to its poor aqueous solubility and lack of specificity for HSCs. Additionally, recent studies have implicated the impact of liver microbiota, distinct from gut microbiota, on the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In this study, we have developed an HSC- and microbiome-specific delivery system for DHI by conjugating prebiotic-like cyclodextrin (CD) with vitamin A, utilizing PEG2000 as a linker (VAP2000@CD). Our results demonstrate that VAP2000@CD markedly enhances the cellular uptake in human HSC line LX-2 and enhances the deposition of DHI in the fibrotic liver in vivo. Subsequently, intervention with DHI-VAP2000@CD has shown a notable reduction in bile duct-like structure proliferation, collagen accumulation, and the expression of fibrogenesis-associated genes in rats subjected to bile duct ligation. These effects may be attributed to the regulation of the YAP/TEAD2 interaction. Importantly, the DHI-VAP2000@CD intervention has also restored microbial homeostasis in the liver, promoting the amelioration of liver inflammation. Overall, our findings indicate that DHI-VAP2000@CD represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis by specifically targeting HSCs and restoring the liver microbial balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Niu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanan Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bingyu Niu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ge Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Wang R, Shen H, Zhang J, Li X, Guo Y, Zhao Z, Wang P, Xie N, Li Y, Qu G, Xie S. Dimethyl Bisphenolate Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Molecules 2023; 28:7989. [PMID: 38138479 PMCID: PMC10746066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease accounts for millions of deaths per year all over the world due to complications from cirrhosis and liver injury. In this study, a novel compound, dimethyl bisphenolate (DMB), was synthesized to investigate its role in ameliorating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress-related genes. The structure of DMB was confirmed based on its hydrogen spectrum and mass spectrometry. DMB significantly reduced the high levels of ALT, AST, DBIL, TBIL, ALP, and LDH in a dose-dependent manner in the sera of CCl4-treated rats. The protective effects of DMB on biochemical indicators were similar to those of silymarin. The ROS fluorescence intensity increased in CCl4-treated cells but significantly weakened in DMB-treated cells compared with the controls. DMB significantly increased the content of oxidative stress-related GSH, Nrf2, and GCLC dose-dependently but reduced MDA levels in CCl4-treated cells or the liver tissues of CCl4-treated rats. Moreover, DMB treatment decreased the expression levels of P53 and Bax but increased those of Bcl2. In summary, DMB demonstrated protective effects on CCl4-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing (Yantai), Yantai 264000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Huanhuan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiyan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Pingyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China;
| | - Youjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guiwu Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing (Yantai), Yantai 264000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
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Lv SX, Wang ZC, Zhu Y, Jia LJ, Zhu M, Tao LH, Wang YK, Zhu FY, Zhang YS. Discussion on treatment of liver fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine from the perspective of gut microbiota. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:889-895. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i21.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the key stage of various chronic liver diseases, and its occurrence and development are closely related to the imbalance of the gut microbiota. In terms of treatment, there is still a lack of ideal chemical drugs, but traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique clinical efficacy in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. In recent years, research on the regulation of the gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine has attracted widespread attention in the academic community. The primary target of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine compound in hepatic fibrosis may be the gut microbiota, or they exert biological effects through the intestinal flora medium and the characteristic reconstruction of the gut microbiota. From the perspective of the "gut-liver axis", the therapetuic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on liver fibrosis is closely connected with regulating the intestinal flora and "treating the liver and spleen together". Based on the viewpoint of the gut-liver axis, this paper discusses the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients by regulating the gut microbiota, with an aim to provide a new research perspective for the therapetuic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xia Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhang-Cheng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Juan Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Hui Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Ke Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei-Ye Zhu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or viral hepatitis are characterized by persistent inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis critically determines long-term morbidity (for example, cirrhosis or liver cancer) and mortality in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation represents the concerted response of various hepatic cell types to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals, which are related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators from the gut-liver axis and the circulation. Single-cell technologies have revealed the heterogeneity of immune cell activation concerning disease states and the spatial organization within the liver, including resident and recruited macrophages, neutrophils as mediators of tissue repair, auto-aggressive features of T cells as well as various innate lymphoid cell and unconventional T cell populations. Inflammatory responses drive the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and HSC subsets, in turn, modulate immune mechanisms via chemokines and cytokines or transdifferentiate into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. Current advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, mainly focused on NAFLD or NASH owing to the high unmet medical need, have led to the identification of several therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize the inflammatory mediators and cells in the diseased liver, fibrogenic pathways and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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