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Jinakote M, Jeeratantorn P, Surapolchai L, Dornbunlon P, Yoysungnoen B, Kasiyaphat A. Effects of brisk walking with or without music on body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers in older women. J Exerc Rehabil 2024; 20:100-111. [PMID: 38973979 PMCID: PMC11222065 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2448154.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess and compare changes in body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers, particularly salivary antioxidant status, after brisk walking training with or without music in older women. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to brisk walking groups: with music (BWM) (n=12) or without music (BW) (n=12). Eighteen subjects completed the exercise training (9 in each group), and their data were used for analysis. The research protocols were classified into three phases: pretraining phase, training phase, and posttraining phase, while the data collection was divided into four sessions: resting condition, during treadmill exercise testing, immediately posttreadmill exercise testing, and 5-min posttreadmill exercise testing defined as after the cool-down session. The results showed that 8 weeks of home-based brisk walking with or without music did not improve standing balance, blood pressure, salivary biomarkers including total protein concentration, and antioxidant status but maintained or prevented the decline of these parameters. Only the BWM group reduced fat mass relative to increasing fat-free mass (P<0.05) and improved recovery heart rate (P<0.05) by modifying cardiac autonomic control in posttreadmill exercise testing. Therefore, brisk walking with preferred music can be a tool to delay the progression of cardiovascular dysfunction in older women. A longer duration of the exercise program and larger groups of participants are needed for further investigation of brisk walking with or without music on physiological and biochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Jinakote
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Punika Jeeratantorn
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Lapol Surapolchai
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Punkorn Dornbunlon
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Bhornprom Yoysungnoen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand
| | - Atchareeya Kasiyaphat
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
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Hoseini R, Raed Hamid R. Lowering blood pressure by exercise: investigating the effect of sweating. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:109-118. [PMID: 38299995 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
High blood pressure (hypertension), is a common medical condition, affecting millions of people and is associated with significant health risks. Exercise has been suggested to manage hypertension by inducing sweating and the corresponding loss of sodium and water from the body.Thus, a variety of epidemiological and clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between sweating and exercise-induced blood pressure reduction and its impacts on hypertension. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced blood pressure reduction are complex and still not fully understood. However, several pathways have been suggested, including the loss of sodium and water through sweat, a decrease in peripheral resistance, and an improvement in endothelial function in the blood vessels. The decrease in sodium and water content in the body associated with sweating may result in a reduction in blood volume and thus a decrease in blood pressure. Moreover, the reduction in peripheral resistance is thought to be mediated by the activation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway and the release of vasodilators such as prostacyclin and bradykinin, which lead to vasodilation and, thus, a reduction in blood pressure. In conclusion, exercise-induced sweating and consequent sodium and water loss appear to be a reliable biological link to the blood pressure-reducing effects of exercise in hypertensive individuals. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced blood pressure reduction are complex and involve several biological pathways in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, understanding the role of sweat production in blood pressure management is important for developing effective exercise interventions to prevent and manage hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah
| | - Rasha Raed Hamid
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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3
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Hetherington-Rauth M, Webber K, Roe LS, Hoffman AR, Kado D, Langsetmo L, Orwoll ES, Cawthon P. Replacing sedentary time for physical activity: Does intensity matter for body composition in oldest-old adults? J Sports Sci 2024; 42:537-546. [PMID: 38696674 PMCID: PMC11134203 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2348911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
To assess the independent and combined relationships among objectively measured sedentary time (ST), light intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) with muscle mass and fat mass (FM) and how theoretical displacement of these inter-dependent behaviours relates to body composition in oldest-old men. A total of 1046 men participating in the year 14 visit of the prospective Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort study with complete data for accelerometry, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and deuterated creatine dilution (D3Cr) muscle mass were included in the analysis (84.0 ± 3.8 yrs.). Single, partition, and isotemporal substitution models were used to assess the interrelationships between PA intensities and ST with body composition measures, while controlling for relevant confounders. Replacing 30-min of ST with 30-min of MVPA was associated with lower FM (β =-0.17, p < 0.001) and higher D3Cr muscle mass, although this was of borderline significance (β = 0.07, p = 0.05). Replacing 30-min of ST for LPA was associated with lower FM (β =-0.15, p < 0.001), but there was no effect on D3Cr muscle mass (p > 0.05). Exchanging ST with any intensity of PA is associated with benefits for FM in oldest-old adult men, although substitution with MVPA may be more beneficial than LPA for maintaining/improving skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katey Webber
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lauren S. Roe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew R. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Deborah Kado
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Peggy Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- University of California, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA
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Ungvari Z, Fazekas-Pongor V, Csiszar A, Kunutsor SK. The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms. GeroScience 2023; 45:3211-3239. [PMID: 37495893 PMCID: PMC10643563 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity of various health outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, and longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration and intensity are established for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Walking's favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors are attributed to its impact on circulatory, cardiopulmonary, and immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines by walking briskly for 30 min per day for 5 days can reduce the risk of several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity physical exercise, including walking, exerts anti-aging effects and helps prevent age-related diseases, making it a powerful tool for promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified by the lifestyles of individuals in Blue Zones, regions of the world with the highest concentration of centenarians. Walking and other low-intensity physical activities contribute significantly to the longevity of individuals in these regions, with walking being an integral part of their daily lives. Thus, incorporating walking into daily routines and encouraging walking-based physical activity interventions can be an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging and improving health outcomes in all populations. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the vast and consistent evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity, with a specific focus on walking, and to discuss the impact of walking on various health outcomes, including the prevention of age-related diseases. Furthermore, this review will delve into the evidence on the impact of walking and low-intensity physical activity on specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging, providing insights into the underlying biological mechanisms through which walking exerts its beneficial anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | | | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
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Dubourg O, Beauchet A, Mbalayen F, Marcadet D, Perrard G, Aubert F, Hervouet Des Forges Y, Josseran L. Golf practice and blood pressure. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:535-536. [PMID: 37802697 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dubourg
- Department of Cardiology, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; INSERM U-1018, CESP Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92300 Villejuif, France; Medical Board of the French Golf Federation, 92309 Levallois-Perret, France.
| | - Alain Beauchet
- Public Health Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Fabrice Mbalayen
- Public Health Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Dany Marcadet
- Medical Board of the French Golf Federation, 92309 Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Gregory Perrard
- Medical Board of the French Golf Federation, 92309 Levallois-Perret, France
| | - François Aubert
- Medical Board of the French Golf Federation, 92309 Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Loic Josseran
- INSERM U-1018, CESP Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92300 Villejuif, France; Public Health Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, UVSQ-Paris Saclay, 92380 Garches, France
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Lapi D, Federighi G, Lonardo MS, Chiurazzi M, Muscariello E, Tenore G, Colantuoni A, Novellino E, Scuri R. Effects of physical exercise associated with a diet enriched with natural antioxidants on cerebral hypoperfusion and reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1091889. [PMID: 36755790 PMCID: PMC9900024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. The reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) causes endothelial dysfunction, altering the functions of cerebral blood vessels. Physical exercise and intake of antioxidants improve the redox state, increasing the vascular NO production and/or the decrease in NO scavenging by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was aimed at assessing the effects of physical exercise associated with a diet enriched with antioxidants from the Annurca apple in preventing the microvascular damage due to cerebral hypoperfusion and reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The rat pial microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy through a parietal closed cranial window. As expected, SHRs subjected to physical exercise or an antioxidants-enriched diet showed a reduction of microvascular permeability, ROS formation, and leukocyte adhesion to venular walls, with a major effect of the antioxidants-enriched diet, when compared to untreated SHRs. Moreover, capillary perfusion was preserved by both treatments in comparison with untreated SHRs. Unexpectedly, the combined treatments did not induce higher effects than the single treatment. In conclusion, our results support the efficacy of physical activity or antioxidant supplement in reducing the microvascular alterations due to hypertension and ascribe to an antioxidants-enriched diet effective microvascular protection in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Dominga Lapi,
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Modrzejewska M, Woźniak A. The Impact of Exercise on Redox Equilibrium in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164833. [PMID: 36013072 PMCID: PMC9410476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases constitute the most important public health problem in the world. They are characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress in the heart and blood. Physical activity is recognized as one of the best ways to prevent these diseases, and it has already been applied in treatment. Physical exercise, both aerobic and anaerobic and single and multiple, is linked to the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance; however, this leads to positive adaptive changes in, among others, the increase in antioxidant capacity. The goal of the paper was to discuss the issue of redox equilibrium in the human organism in the course of cardiovascular diseases to systemize updated knowledge in the context of exercise impacts on the organism. Antioxidant supplementation is also an important issue since antioxidant supplements still have great potential regarding their use as drugs in these diseases.
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