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Nishikiori N, Watanabe M, Sato T, Furuhashi M, Okura M, Hida T, Uhara H, Ohguro H. Significant and Various Effects of ML329-Induced MITF Suppression in the Melanoma Cell Line. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:263. [PMID: 38254754 PMCID: PMC10814414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To study the inhibitory effects on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-related biological aspects in malignant melanomas (MMs) in the presence or absence of the low-molecular MITF specific inhibitor ML329, cell viability, cellular metabolic functions, and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid formation efficacy were compared among MM cell lines including SK-mel-24, A375, dabrafenib- and trametinib-resistant A375 (A375DT), and WM266-4. Upon exposure to 2 or 10 μM of ML329, cell viability was significantly decreased in WM266-4, SK-mel-24, and A375DT cells, but not A375 cells, in a dose-dependent manner, and these toxic effects of ML329 were most evident in WM266-4 cells. Extracellular flux assays conducted using a Seahorse bioanalyzer revealed that treatment with ML329 increased basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, proton leakage, and non-mitochondrial respiration in WM266-4 cells and decreased glycolytic function in SK-mel-24 cells, whereas there were no marked effects of ML329 on A375 and A375DT cells. A glycolytic stress assay under conditions of high glucose concentrations also demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ML329 on the glycolytic function of WM266-4 cells was dose-dependent. In addition, ML329 significantly decreased 3D-spheroid-forming ability, though the effects of ML329 were variable among the MM cell lines. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of selected genes, including STAT3 as a possible regulator of 3D spheroid formation, KRAS and SOX2 as oncogenic-signaling-related factors, PCG1a as the main regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and HIF1a as a major hypoxia transcriptional regulator, fluctuated among the MM cell lines, possibly supporting the diverse ML329 effects mentioned above. The findings of diverse ML329 effects on various MM cell lines suggest that MITF-associated biological activities are different among various types of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Nishikiori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.N.); (M.W.)
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.N.); (M.W.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Masae Okura
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.); (H.U.)
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.); (H.U.)
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (T.H.); (H.U.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.N.); (M.W.)
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Mirzaei S, Ranjbar B, Tackallou SH. Molecular profile of non-coding RNA-mediated glycolysis control in human cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154708. [PMID: 37536019 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The glycolysis is a common characteristic of cancer and it is responsible for providing enough energy to ensure growth. The glycolysis suppression is beneficial in tumor growth reduction. The stimulation/inhibition of glycolysis in cancer is tightly regulated by ncRNAs. The regulation of glycolysis by ncRNAs can influence proliferation and therapy response of tumor. The miRNAs are capable of inactivating enzymes responsible for glycolysis and suppressing signaling networks resulting in glycolysis induction. By regulation of glycolysis, miRNAs can affect therapy response. The lncRNAs and circRNAs follow a same pathway and by targeting glycolysis, they affect progression and therapy response of tumor. Noteworthy, lncRNAs and circRNAs sponge miRNAs in glycolysis mechanism control in tumor cells. Furthermore, ncRNA-mediated regulation of glycolysis mechanism can influence metastasis to organs of body. The ncRNAs regulating glycolysis are reliable biomarkers in cancer patients and more importantly, exosomal ncRNAs due to their presence in body fluids, are minimally-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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