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Li Q, Zhang C, Sun X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Chen R, Sun X. Forsythoside B alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by SIRT1 activation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305541. [PMID: 38885233 PMCID: PMC11182500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), and anti-inflammatory interventions may offer a promising therapeutic strategy. Forsythoside B (FB) is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Forsythiae fructus, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of FB on CIRI remains unclear. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). FB was administered intraperitoneally for 3 days prior to MCAO/R. Cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit score were used as indices to evaluate MCAO/R injury. The serum levels of inflammatory factors and antioxidant enzymes were measured. The activation of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1) and the inhibition of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) pathway were assessed through western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, the rats were treated with Sirt1 shRNA 3 days before MCAO/R by stereotactical injection into the ipsilateral hemispheric region to assess the impact of Sirt1 knockdown on the protection of FB during MCAO/R. RESULTS FB reduced cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit score in MCAO/R rats. FB reduced pathological changes and cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex on the ischemic side of rats. FB inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory factors and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Further study showed that FB inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 pathway and induced Sirt1 activation. CONCLUSION FB demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway through Sirt1 activation in CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lin ZJ, Dong X, He H, Jiang JL, Guan ZJ, Li X, Lu L, Li H, Huang YS, Xian SX, Yang ZQ, Chen ZX, Fang HC, Wang LJ. A simplified herbal decoction attenuates myocardial infarction by regulating macrophage metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic differentiation via modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. Chin Med 2024; 19:75. [PMID: 38816815 PMCID: PMC11140944 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a global public health challenge, often associated with elevated mortality rates and a grim prognosis. A crucial aspect of the inflammatory injury and healing process post-MI involves the dynamic differentiation of macrophages. A promising strategy to alleviate myocardial damage after MI is by modulating the inflammatory response and orchestrating the shift from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, aiming to achieve a reduced M1/M2 ratio. Nuanxinkang (NXK), a simplified herbal decoction, has demonstrated noteworthy cardioprotective, inflammation-regulating, and myocardial energy metabolism-regulating properties. METHODS In this study, we constructed an MI model by ligating coronary arteries to investigate the efficacy of NXK in improving ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Mice were administered NXK (1.65 g/kg/d) or an equivalent volume of regular saline via gavage for 28 consecutive days, commencing the day after surgery. Then, we conducted echocardiography to assess the cardiac function, Masson staining to illustrate the extent of myocardial fibrosis, TUNEL staining to reveal myocardial apoptosis, and flow cytometry to analyze the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in the hearts. Besides, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage (M1) polarization model was implemented in RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NXK in regulating macrophage polarization. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without NXK-containing serum. Oxidative stress was detected by MitoSox staining, followed by Seahorse energy metabolism assay to evaluate alterations in mitochondrial metabolic patterns and ATP production. Both In vivo and in vitro, HIF-1α and PDK1 were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS In vivo, MI mice exhibited a decline in cardiac function, adverse ventricular remodeling, and an increase in glycolysis, coupled with M1-dominant polarization mediated by the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. Notably, robust responses were evident with high-dose NXK treatment (1.65 g/kg/day), leading to a significant enhancement in cardiac function, inhibition of cardiac remodeling, and partial suppression of macrophage glycolysis and the inflammatory phenotype in MI mice. This effect was achieved through the modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. In vitro, elevated levels of mitochondrial ROS production and glycolysis were observed in LPS-induced macrophages. Conversely, treatment with NXK notably reduced the oxidative stress damage induced by LPS and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, NXK demonstrated the ability to modify the energy metabolism and inflammatory characteristics of macrophages by modulating the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. The influence of NXK on this axis was partially counteracted by the HIF-1α agonist DMOG. And NXK downregulated PDK1 expression, curtailed glycolysis, and reversed LPS-induced M1 polarization in macrophages, similar to the PDK1 inhibitor DCA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, NXK protects against MI-induced cardiac remodeling by inducing metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic differentiation of macrophages, achieved through the modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. This provides a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ji Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xiang Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Cheng Fang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 3 Shajing Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518104, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangdong Clinical Researh Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
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Sun J, Zeng Q, Wu Z, Li Z, Gao Q, Liao Z, Li H, Ling C, Chen C, Wang H, Zhang B. Enhancing intraneural revascularization following peripheral nerve injury through hypoxic Schwann-cell-derived exosomes: an insight into endothelial glycolysis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:283. [PMID: 38789980 PMCID: PMC11127458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC)-driven intraneural revascularization (INRV) and Schwann cells-derived exosomes (SCs-Exos) both play crucial roles in peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, the interplay between them remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of SCs-Exos on INRV following PNI. RESULTS We found that GW4869 inhibited INRV, as well as that normoxic SCs-Exos (N-SCs-Exos) exhibited significant pro-INRV effects in vivo and in vitro that were potentiated by hypoxic SCs-Exos (H-SCs-Exos). Upregulation of glycolysis emerged as a pivotal factor for INRV after PNI, as evidenced by the observation that 3PO administration, a glycolytic inhibitor, inhibited the INRV process in vivo and in vitro. H-SCs-Exos more significantly enhanced extracellular acidification rate/oxygen consumption rate ratio, lactate production, and glycolytic gene expression while simultaneously suppressing acetyl-CoA production and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (PDH-E1α) expression than N-SCs-Exos both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we determined that H-SCs-Exos were more enriched with miR-21-5p than N-SCs-Exos. Knockdown of miR-21-5p significantly attenuated the pro-glycolysis and pro-INRV effects of H-SCs-Exos. Mechanistically, miR-21-5p orchestrated EC metabolism in favor of glycolysis by targeting von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and PDH-E1α, thereby enhancing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mediated glycolysis and inhibiting PDH-E1α-mediated oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSION This study unveiled a novel intrinsic mechanism of pro-INRV after PNI, providing a promising therapeutic target for post-injury peripheral nerve regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Qiuhua Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Zhangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th Xizhi Men South St, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, No.8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cong Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
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Diao C, Yang Z, Hu Q, Yao P, Qu X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhou J. Celastrol Alleviates Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Promoting OPA1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fusion. Neuroscience 2024; 536:79-91. [PMID: 37996053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is one of the characteristics of secondary brain injury (SBI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing largely to the apoptosis of neurons. Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene that possesses antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties, has emerged as a neuroprotective agent. However, the activity of celastrol has not been tested in ICH-induced SBI. In this study, we found that celastrol could effectively alleviate neurological function deficits and reduce brain oedema and neuronal apoptosis caused by ICH. Through electron microscopy, we found that celastrol could significantly attenuate mitochondrial morphology impairment. Therefore, we tested the regulatory proteins of mitochondrial dynamics and found that celastrol could reverse the downwards trend of OPA1 expression after ICH. In view of this, by culturing OPA1-deficient primary neurons and constructing neuron-specific OPA1 conditional knockout mice, we found that the protective effects of celastrol on mitochondrial morphology and function after ICH were counteracted in the absence of OPA1. Further experiments also showed that OPA1 is indispensable for the protective effects of celastrol on ICH-induced secondary brain injury. In summary, we have demonstrated that celastrol is a potential drug for the treatment of ICH and have revealed a novel mechanism by which celastrol exerts its antioxidant effects by promoting OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Diao
- School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengxuan Yang
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Changdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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5
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Sun XR, Yao ZM, Chen L, Huang J, Dong SY. Metabolic reprogramming regulates microglial polarization and its role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1065-1078. [PMID: 37339781 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain is quite sensitive to changes in energy supply because of its high energetic demand. Even small changes in energy metabolism may be the basis of impaired brain function, leading to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Abundant evidence supports that metabolic defects of brain energy during the post-reperfusion period, especially low glucose oxidative metabolism and elevated glycolysis levels, which play a crucial role in cerebral I/R pathophysiology. Whereas research on brain energy metabolism dysfunction under the background of cerebral I/R mainly focuses on neurons, the research on the complexity of microglia energy metabolism in cerebral I/R is just emerging. As resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia activate rapidly and then transform into an M1 or M2 phenotype to correspond to changes in brain homeostasis during cerebral I/R injury. M1 microglia release proinflammatory factors to promote neuroinflammation, while M2 microglia play a neuroprotective role by secreting anti-inflammatory factors. The abnormal brain microenvironment promotes the metabolic reprogramming of microglia, which further affects the polarization state of microglia and disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of M1/M2, resulting in the aggravation of cerebral I/R injury. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming is a key driver of microglial inflammation. For example, M1 microglia preferentially produce energy through glycolysis, while M2 microglia provide energy primarily through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we highlight the emerging significance of regulating microglial energy metabolism in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
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Gouda NA, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Elkamhawy A. Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2857-2883. [PMID: 37950803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, and is responsible for up to 60% of all deaths worldwide. Metformin, statins, and corticosteroids, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often given as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, however, often have even more debilitating side effects than the illness itself. The natural product-based therapy of inflammation-related diseases has no adverse effects and good beneficial results compared to substitute conventional anti-inflammatory medications. In this review article, we provide a concise overview of present pharmacological treatments, the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the signaling pathways that underlie it. In addition, we focus on the most promising natural products identified as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of natural products as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with promising outcomes are reviewed. In addition, the safety, side effects and technical barriers of natural products are discussed. Furthermore, we also summarized the latest technological advances in the discovery and scientific development of natural products-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Zeng F, Cao J, Hong Z, Liu Y, Hao J, Qin Z, Zou X, Tao T. Single-cell analyses reveal the dynamic functions of Itgb2 + microglia subclusters at different stages of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in transient middle cerebral occlusion mice model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114663. [PMID: 37063847 PMCID: PMC10098327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) is intricate, and current studies suggest that neuron, astrocyte, microglia, endothelial cell, and pericyte all have different phenotypic changes of specific cell types after ischemic stroke. And microglia account for the largest proportion after CIRI. Previous transcriptomic studies of ischemic stroke have typically focused on the 24 hours after CIRI, obscuring the dynamics of cellular subclusters throughout the disease process. Therefore, traditional methods for identifying cell types and their subclusters may not be sufficient to fully unveil the complexity of single-cell transcriptional profile dynamics caused by an ischemic stroke. Methods In this study, to explore the dynamic transcriptional profile of single cells after CIRI, we used single-cell State Transition Across-samples of RNA-seq data (scSTAR), a new bioinformatics method, to analyze the single-cell transcriptional profile of day 1, 3, and 7 of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Combining our bulk RNA sequences and proteomics data, we found the importance of the integrin beta 2 (Itgb2) gene in post-modeling. And microglia of Itgb2+ and Itgb2- were clustered by the scSTAR method. Finally, the functions of the subpopulations were defined by Matescape, and three different time points after tMCAO were found to exhibit specific functions. Results Our analysis revealed a dynamic transcriptional profile of single cells in microglia after tMCAO and explored the important role of Itgb2 contributed to microglia by combined transcriptomics and proteomics analysis after modeling. Our further analysis revealed that the Itgb2+ microglia subcluster was mainly involved in energy metabolism, cell cycle, angiogenesis, neuronal myelin formation, and repair at 1, 3, and 7 days after tMCAO, respectively. Discussion Our results suggested that Itgb2+ microglia act as a time-specific multifunctional immunomodulatory subcluster during CIRI, and the underlying mechanisms remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanning Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zexuan Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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8
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Liu C, Gu J, Yu Y. Celastrol assuages oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced damage in human brain microvascular endothelial cells through the circDLGAP4/miR-6085/GDF11 pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:255-267. [PMID: 36445630 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Celastrol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unknown. The study aims to explore the role of circular RNA DLGAP4 (circDLGAP4) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and the underlying mechanism. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expression of circDLGAP4, microRNA-6085 (miR-6085), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) and BCL2-associated x protein (BAX). Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry analysis. Oxidative stress was analyzed by evaluating the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The associations among circDLGAP4, miR-6085 and GDF11 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. Celastrol reduced OGD/R-induced inhibition of circDLGAP4 expression in HBMECs. Celastrol treatment protected HBMECs from OGD/R-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis and oxidative stress promotion; however, circDLGAP4 depletion attenuated these effects. CircDLGAP4 acted as a sponge for miR-6085, and miR-6085 mimics restored circDLGAP4-mediated effects in OGD/R-stimulated HBMECs. In addition, GDF11 was identified as a targte of miR-6085, and participated in the regulation of miR-6085 to OGD/R-induced HBMEC damage. Further, circDLGAP4 absence inhibited GDF11 expression by interacting with miR-6085 under Celastrol treatment. Celastrol ameliorated OGD/R-induced HBMEC apoptosis and oxidative stress by circDLGAP4/miR-6085/GDF11 pathway, supporting the use of Celastrol as a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Xing Fu road in Zhifu District, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Xing Fu road in Zhifu District, Yantai, 264013, China.
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9
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Liu A, Hu J, Yeh TS, Wang C, Tang J, Huang X, Chen B, Huangfu L, Yu W, Zhang L. Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2283-2309. [PMID: 37458258 PMCID: PMC10556387 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230717144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tzu-Shao Yeh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jilong Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liexiang Huangfu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weili Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Tan C, Li L, Han J, Xu K, Liu X. A new strategy for osteoarthritis therapy: Inhibition of glycolysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057229. [PMID: 36438808 PMCID: PMC9685317 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of the joints. It is primarily caused by age, obesity, mechanical damage, genetics, and other factors, leading to cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral sclerosis with osteophyte formation. Many recent studies have reported that glycolysis disorders are related lead to OA. There is a close relationship between glycolysis and OA. Because of their hypoxic environment, chondrocytes are highly dependent on glycolysis, their primary energy source for chondrocytes. Glycolysis plays a vital role in OA development. In this paper, we comprehensively summarized the abnormal expression of related glycolytic enzymes in OA, including Hexokinase 2 (HK2), Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), Phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2, 6-Bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and discussed the potential application of glycolysis in treating OA. Finally, the natural products that can regulate the glycolytic pathway were summarized. Targeting glucose transporters and rate-limiting enzymes to glycolysis may play an essential role in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kang Xu
- *Correspondence: Kang Xu, ; Xianqiong Liu,
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11
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Cui Y, Jiang X, Feng J. The therapeutic potential of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1024955. [PMID: 36339550 PMCID: PMC9626530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1024955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are complex diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord, with numerous etiologies and pathogenesis not yet fully elucidated. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use in China and is widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. With the rapid development of modern technology, the two main bioactive components of TWHF, triptolide and celastrol, have been found to have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor effects and can be used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurological diseases. In this paper, we summarize the preclinical studies of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, brain and spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases, their toxicity, related derivatives, and nanotechnology-based carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejiao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Feng,
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12
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Al-Saedi HF, Ghanimi HA, Khoshnazar SM, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A. Neuroprotective effects of celastrol on sciatic nerve transection model in male Wistar rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1251-1259. [PMID: 36311198 PMCID: PMC9588314 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66614.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Celastrol is an herbal compound with neuroprotective properties. Our research aimed to assess the neuroprotective properties of celastrol on sciatic nerve transection in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats' left sciatic nerve was cut and sutured directly. The animals were then given 1 or 2 mg/kg celastrol intraperitoneally for two weeks. The sensory and locomotor behaviors of the animals were then evaluated for 16 weeks. Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real-time PCR were also utilized to evaluate macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion, and neurotrophin expression in injured nerves. RESULTS Results showed that both doses of celastrol significantly accelerated nerve regeneration and improved sensorimotor functional recovery when compared with controls. Nevertheless, administration of 2 mg/kg of celastrol significantly outperforms treatment with a dose of 1 mg/kg. Celastrol treatment-induced M2 polarization in macrophages decreased proinflammatory cytokines at the injury site. It also increased the expression of BDNF mRNA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a two-week treatment with celastrol had neuroprotective effects in a rat sciatic nerve transection model, most likely by inducing macrophage M2 polarization and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad B. Ghayour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran,Corresponding author: Arash Abdolmaleki. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.
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13
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Li Z, Zhang J, Duan X, Zhao G, Zhang M. Celastrol: A Promising Agent Fighting against Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081597. [PMID: 36009315 PMCID: PMC9405053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; therefore, seeking effective therapeutics to reduce the global burden of CVD has become increasingly urgent. Celastrol, a bioactive compound isolated from the roots of the plant Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), has been attracting increasing research attention in recent years, as it exerts cardiovascular treatment benefits targeting both CVD and their associated risk factors. Substantial evidence has revealed a protective role of celastrol against a broad spectrum of CVD including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular injury, calcific aortic valve disease and heart failure through complicated and interlinked mechanisms such as direct protection against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, and indirect action on oxidation and inflammation. This review will mainly summarize the beneficial effects of celastrol against CVD, largely based on in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and the potential underlying mechanisms. We will also briefly discuss celastrol’s pharmacokinetic limitations, which hamper its further clinical applications, and prospective future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207848-5319; Fax: +44-207848-5193
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14
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Liu J, Guo X, Yang L, Tao T, Cao J, Hong Z, Zeng F, Lu Y, Lin C, Qin Z. Effect of Celastrol on LncRNAs and mRNAs Profiles of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice Model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:889292. [PMID: 35677353 PMCID: PMC9169531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.889292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol plays a significant role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although previous studies have confirmed that celastrol post-treatment has a protective effect on ischemic stroke, the therapeutic effect of celastrol on ischemic stroke and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, focal transient cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice and celastrol was administered immediately after reperfusion. We performed lncRNA and mRNA analysis in the ischemic hemisphere of adult mice with celastrol post-treatment through RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). A total of 50 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 696 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) were identified between the sham and tMCAO group, and a total of 544 DE lncRNAs and 324 DE mRNAs were identified between the tMCAO and tMCAO + celastrol group. Bioinformatic analysis was done on the identified deregulated genes through gene ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and network analysis. Pathway analysis indicated that inflammation-related signaling pathways played vital roles in the treatment of ischemic stroke by celastrol. Four DE lncRNAs and 5 DE mRNAs were selected for further validation by qRT-PCR in brain tissue, primary neurons, primary astrocytes, and BV2 cells. The results of qRT-PCR suggested that most of selected differentially expressed genes showed the same fold change patterns as those in RNA-Seq results. Our study suggests celastrol treatment can effectively reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The bioinformatics analysis of lnRNAs and mRNAs profiles in the ischemic hemisphere of adult mice provides a new perspective in the neuroprotective effects of celastrol, particularly with regards to ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiangna Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zexuan Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanning Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunshui Lin,
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zaisheng Qin,
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