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Al-Hmadi HB, Majdoub S, El Mokni R, Angeloni S, Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Zengin G, Maggi F, Hammami S. Metabolite profiling, enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of different extracts from Glycyrrhiza foetida Desf. (Fabaceae, Galegeae, Glycyrrhizinae). Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105792. [PMID: 38176472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, represents a socio-economic burden for healthcare systems. Consequently multiple studies aiming to facilitate early diagnostic and prevent complications have demonstrated the promising role of phenolic derivatives on diabetes management. In this frame, the present study aimed to establish for the first time the chemical ingredients and to appraise the antioxidant and the enzyme inhibitory properties of Glycyrrhiza foetida aerial parts and roots extracts using methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform solvents. The phytochemicals were analyzed via (HPLC-MS/MS). In addition, the extracts were tested for inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase. The antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using various methods (phospho‑molybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and metal chelating assays). Notably, twenty-nine secondary metabolites, namely eleven phenolic acids, seventeen flavonoids and a non-phenolic acid have been identified. Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, catechin, phloridzin and hesperidin were the major compounds in the aerial parts extracts while trans-cinnamic acid was the dominant compound in roots. Among phenolic acids, vanillic acid was found to be the main constituent in all extracts. The tested extracts were found to yield TPC in amounts ranging from 34.08 to 49.36 mg GAE/g and TFC ranging from 7.01 to 45.74 mg RE/g. G. foetida extracts showed interesting in vitro antioxidant properties. Additionally, all extracts showed a significant anti-tyrosinase activity, with inhibition values ranging between 52.84 and 80.34 mg KAE/g. Thus, G. foetida remains an exceptional matrix for further investigations and application in cosmetics and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat B Al-Hmadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.; Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Siwar Majdoub
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Avicenna Street, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Forest Ecology, National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), IRESA, Carthage University, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, Camerino I-62032, (MC), Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia..
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