Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Aspirin in Prophylaxis Medication Based on FAERS Database

Exploring the Link Between Exogenous Thyroid Hormones and Dementia Symptoms: A Real-World Disproportionality Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

BACKGROUND

A growing body of evidence indicates a strong association between exogenous thyroid hormone (ETH) and brain health. Establishing the potential relationship between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms is crucial for patients with thyroid disorders.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we investigate the potential association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms by exploring the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

METHODS

Disproportionality analysis (DPA) was conducted using postmarketing data from the FAERS repository (Q1 2004 to Q4 2023). Cases of dementia symptoms associated with ETH therapy were identified and analyzed through DPA using reporting odds ratios and information component methods. Dose and time-to-onset analyses were performed to assess the association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms.

RESULTS

A total of 9889 cases of ETH-associated symptoms were identified in the FAERS database. Dementia accounted for a consistent proportion of adverse drug reactions each year (3.4%-6.3%). The DPA indicated an association between ETH therapy and dementia symptoms, which remained significant even across sex, age, and indications. The median time-to-onset of dementia symptoms was 7.5 days, and the median treatment time was 40.5 days. No significant dose-response relationship was observed.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE

This study provides evidence for a link between ETH therapy and dementia. Clinicians are therefore advised to exercise vigilance, conduct comprehensive monitoring, and consider individualized dosing to mitigate potential reactions to ETH drug administration.

Exploration of the potential association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database

BACKGROUND

Establishing whether there is a potential relationship between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors (SSIBs) is crucial for public safety. This study investigated the potential association between GLP-1RAs and SSIBs by exploring the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

METHODS

A disproportionality analysis was conducted using post-marketing data from the FAERS repository (2018 Q1 to 2022 Q4). SSIB cases associated with GLP-1RAs were identified and analyzed through disproportionality analysis using the information component. The parametric distribution with a goodness-of-fit test was employed to analyze the time-to-onset, and the Ω shrinkage was used to evaluate the potential effect of co-medication on the occurrence of SSIBs.

RESULTS

In total, 204 cases of SSIBs associated with GLP-1RAs, including semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and albiglutide, were identified in the FAERS database. Time-of-onset analysis revealed no consistent mechanism for the latency of SSIBs in patients receiving GLP-1RAs. The disproportionality analysis did not indicate an association between GLP-1RAs and SSIBs. Co-medication analysis revealed 81 cases with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines, which may be proxies of mental health comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS

We found no signal of disproportionate reporting of an association between GLP-1RA use and SSIBs. Clinicians need to maintain heightened vigilance on patients premedicated with neuropsychotropic drugs. This contributes to the greater acceptance of GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity.

High risks adverse events associated with usage of aspirin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND

Despite potential benefits and widespread prescription of aspirin among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, limited research has investigated its adverse effects (AEs) in COPD population.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of adverse drug events (ADEs) reported in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between Q1 2013 and Q2 2022. COPD patients were categorized into two groups based on aspirin use. ADEs related to aspirin use were identified using combined reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), information component (IC) methods.

RESULTS

A total of 56,660 ADEs reports associated with COPD patients were included in the study. Among these reports, 144 adverse events were linked to aspirin use in COPD patients, including fatigue (4.12%), diarrhea (3.13%), dyspnea exertional (2.03%), rhinorrhea (1.99%), weight increased (1.89%) and vomiting (1.84%), muscle spasms (1.79%), cardiac disorder (1.74%), heart rate increased (1.69%) and peripheral swelling (1.59%). Subgroup analysis indicates that age and gender might affect the AEs frequency in COPD patients using aspirin.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings identify 10 most frequently reported ADEs associated with aspirin use in COPD patients, thus offer valuable insights into the AEs of aspirin for safer clinical utilization in COPD management.

Movement disorders associated with antiseizure medications: A real-world disproportionality analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

AIMS

Patients with epilepsy often require long-term use of antiseizure medications (ASMs) to control their seizures. However, movement disorders (MDs) related to ASMs can significantly impact their quality of life. This study aims to analyse MDs related to ASMs in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database to provide recommendations for safe medication.

METHODS

All adverse drug reactions associated with 26 marketed ASMs in Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System were extracted for analysis. Disproportionality analyses were used to assess the association between ASMs and MDs, and signal colour scale maps were created to identify potential ASM-MD safety signals.

RESULTS

A total of 1921 cases experienced MDs while taking ASMs were included. A higher prevalence of MDs was observed in females compared to males. The association between specific MDs with ASMs was revealed, including known and unknown MDs such as tremors, Parkinson and paralysis. Lamotrigine and carbamazepine exhibited multiple significant MDs, while levetiracetam and pregabalin were linked to the earlier onset of MDs. Generally, higher doses were linked to a higher incidence of MDs.

CONCLUSION

MDs were the most obvious adverse drug reactions in the nervous system triggered by using ASMs. Fourteen drugs exhibited positive signals for MDs, including some not previously reported. Conversely, 12 ASMs were deemed to have a lower possibility of inducing MDs. The incidence of MDs can be mitigated by selecting appropriate ASMs for epileptic patients. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between ASMs and MDs.

Disproportionality Analysis of Lenvatinib-Caused Gastrointestinal Perforation in Cancer Patients: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

Lenvatinib is a medication that targets multiple tyrosine kinases and is commonly used to treat various types of cancer. With its frequent usage, monitoring and assessing its potential adverse effects has become crucial. This study utilizes the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to analyze the possible link between lenvatinib and gastrointestinal perforation. FAERS was used to analyze adverse drug reactions (ADRs) linked with lenvatinib from the first quarter of 2015 to the last quarter of 2022. The association between lenvatinib and gastrointestinal perforation was evaluated using disproportionality analyses. This study included 464 patients who developed gastrointestinal perforation after using lenvatinib. Perforation involved the entire digestive tract, with the colon among the most commonly affected perforation sites, and previously undetected esophageal perforation was frequently observed. Patients with uterine and liver cancer were at a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal perforation; patients with liver cancer experienced a shorter onset time, whereas patients with endometrial cancer had a slower onset time. Middle-aged and elderly patients exhibited a higher propensity for developing gastrointestinal perforation than younger adults. Patients with gastrointestinal perforation were found to have a significantly higher mortality rate than patients without gastrointestinal perforation. This study has identified several gastrointestinal perforation events not included in the drug instructions. It has also described the perforation site and clinical characteristics based on various types of cancer. These results could provide valuable insights for developing safer and more effective regulatory strategies concerning the use of lenvatinib.

Medication overdose data analysis: a review of medication error reports in the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)

BACKGROUND

drug overdose is a common type of medication error, which caused significant patient injuries and economic losses. To determine which drugs are reported most frequently in association with drug overdose, a comprehensive search was conducted in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The study also sought to determine the top 10 drugs reported with drug overdose.

METHODS

FAERS database was searched for drug overdose records submitted from the first quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2021. Descriptive analyses were conducted based on the total counts and percentages of reports associated with the drug. Subgroup analyses were performed on drugs of different pharmacological classifications.

RESULTS

A total of 170,424 drug overdose reports were retrieved. The results revealed that antipyretics and analgesics took the highest risk for overdose, with 63,143 (37.05%) cases reported. Among them, opioids were associated with the most drug overdose events. The top 10 drug classes relating to drug overdose in FAERS were opioid analgesic, anilide antipyretic analgesic, 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, bronchodilators, monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, GABA derivatives, antimanic agents, and propionic acid derivatives.

CONCLUSION

to reduce the occurrence of drug overdose events, some methods could be considered including applying a pre-prescription review system, drug safety education, developing warning lists, etc.

Fetal Congenital Cardiac and Vascular Disorders Associated with Sertraline Treatment during Pregnancy: Analysis of FAERS Data

Objective

Sertraline is one of the most commonly used antidepressants worldwide and is one of the first-choice treatments for depression during pregnancy. This study is aimed at testing the possible association between sertraline intrauterine exposure and congenital cardiac and vascular disorder occurrences by assessing the publicly available US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were used to mine FAERS for suspected congenital cardiac and vascular disorder data for sertraline intrauterine exposure from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2021.

Results

Among the 914 cases of sertraline used with congenital cardiovascular disease in the FAERS database, the reporting areas were mainly in the United States and Europe. The number of adverse events reported every year since 2004 has no many differences. Congenital anomalies are the most frequently reported serious clinical outcome. Among the 69 positive signals detected from 914 cases, 31 were invalid signals, and 38 were valid signals according to criteria. The most common ones are heart disease congenital, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and persistent fetal circulation.

Conclusions

Mining FAERS data can analyze and study the adverse reactions of sertraline in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner, thereby effectively reducing the risk of clinical medication.