An Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Based on Nomogram for Predicting Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Incidence

Whole exome germline sequencing in early-onset prostate cancer patients: Genomic findings and clinical outcomes

BACKGROUND

Whole exome sequencing (WES) furthered our understanding of various tumors. We assessed the occurrence of germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants, disease features, and clinical outcomes in early-onset prostate cancer.

METHODS

This retrospective study (N = 134) included consecutive prostate cancer patients who donated blood samples for research purposes to the Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi biobank. Patients diagnosed at >65 years were excluded. Clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical records. Germline WES was performed with analysis reporting on oncogenetic, two immunogenic, and a secondary minimum list panels (121, 468, 76, and 59 genes, respectively).

RESULTS

Median age at diagnosis was 61 (range 46-65) years; 131 (98%) were diagnosed with local disease. The median follow-up time from diagnosis was 14 (range <1-25) years. Of the patients with local disease, 32 (24%) and 10 (8%) had biochemical and distant recurrences, respectively. Twenty-five patients (19%) had ≥1 additional cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), most frequently bladder (6), colorectal (5), and lymphoma (5). Seven (5%) deaths were reported, with only one related to prostate cancer. LP/P variants were identified in 8 patients (6%), all in genes from the oncogenetic panel: ATM, BRCA1 (in two patients), BRCA2 (in two patients), HOXB13, MUTYH, and MYH7. Of these eight patients, with a median follow-up of 7 years (range <1-15), two (25%) had biochemical recurrences, one had (12.5%) distant recurrence, and no deaths were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort of 134 early-onset prostate cancer patients, we identified germline LP/P variants in an oncogenetic panel in 6% of participants, with no unique clinical outcome.

COL10A1 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Association with Immune Infiltration in Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND

The collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) has recently been found to play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the link between COL10A1 and the tumor immune microenvironment remains understood scantily.

METHODS

In the current study, the pan-cancer data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used to investigate the expression mode, the clinical prognostic and diagnostic value of COL10A1 in different tumors. We used TCGA data to assess the correlations between COL10A1 and clinical symptoms of prostate cancer. The R packages "edgR" and "clusterProfiler" were used for differential expression gene and enrichment analysis of COL10A1. Immunohistochemistry was further employed to corroborate the expression of COL10A1 gene in prostate cancer. After that, we used TIMER to evaluate the pertinence of COL10A1 expression to immune infiltration level in prostate cancer.

RESULTS

On the whole, COL10A1 was expressed at significantly higher levels in a variety of tumor tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. Besides, significant correlations with tumor prognosis and relative exactitude in predicting tumors show that COL10A1 may be a probable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of prostate cancer. In addition, the evidence indicates a significant correlation between COL10A1 and clinical symptoms of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the main molecular functions of COL10A1 included humoral immune response, complement activation, immunoglobulin, regulation of complement activation, and regulation of humoral immune response. Finally, we found that COL10A1 expression is positively correlated with enhanced macrophage and M2 macrophage infiltration in prostate cancer.

CONCLUSION

The study indicates that COL10A1 might participate in M2 macrophage polarization in prostate cancer. COL10A1 might be an innovative biomarker to evaluate tumor microenvironment immune cell infiltration and prognosis in prostate cancer.