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Girardet R, Knebel JF, Dromain C, Vietti Violi N, Tsoumakidou G, Villard N, Denys A, Halkic N, Demartines N, Kobayashi K, Digklia A, Schaefer N, Prior JO, Boughdad S, Duran R. Anatomical Quantitative Volumetric Evaluation of Liver Segments in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Selective Internal Radiation Therapy: Key Parameters Influencing Untreated Liver Hypertrophy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:586. [PMID: 38339337 PMCID: PMC10854872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Factors affecting morphological changes in the liver following selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) are unclear, and the available literature focuses on non-anatomical volumetric assessment techniques in a lobar treatment setting. This study aimed to investigate quantitative changes in the liver post-SIRT using an anatomical volumetric approach in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with different levels of treatment selectivity and evaluate the parameters affecting those changes. This retrospective, single-institution, IRB-approved study included 88 HCC patients. Whole liver, liver segments, tumor burden, and spleen volumes were quantified on MRI at baseline and 3/6/12 months post-SIRT using a segmentation-based 3D software relying on liver vascular anatomy. Treatment characteristics, longitudinal clinical/laboratory, and imaging data were analyzed. The Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test evaluated volumetric parameters evolution. Spearman correlation was used to assess the association between variables. Uni/multivariate analyses investigated factors influencing untreated liver volume (uLV) increase. Results: Most patients were cirrhotic (92%) men (86%) with Child-Pugh A (84%). Absolute and relative uLV kept increasing at 3/6/12 months post-SIRT vs. baseline (all, p ≤ 0.005) and was maximal during the first 6 months. Absolute uLV increase was greater in Child-Pugh A5/A6 vs. ≥B7 at 3 months (A5, p = 0.004; A6, p = 0.007) and 6 months (A5, p = 0.072; A6, p = 0.031) vs. baseline. When the Child-Pugh class worsened at 3 or 6 months post-SIRT, uLV did not change significantly, whereas it increased at 3/6/12 months vs. baseline (all p ≤ 0.015) when liver function remained stable. The Child-Pugh score was inversely correlated with absolute and relative uLV increase at 3 months (rho = -0.21, p = 0.047; rho = -0.229, p = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, uLV increase was influenced at 3 months by younger age (p = 0.013), administered 90Y activity (p = 0.003), and baseline spleen volume (p = 0.023). At 6 months, uLV increase was impacted by younger age (p = 0.006), whereas treatment with glass microspheres (vs. resin) demonstrated a clear trend towards better hypertrophy (f = 3.833, p = 0.058). The amount (percentage) of treated liver strongly impacted the relative uLV increase at 3/6/12 months (all f ≥ 8.407, p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Liver function (preserved baseline and stable post-SIRT) favored uLV hypertrophy. Younger patients, smaller baseline spleen volume, higher administered 90Y activity, and a larger amount of treated liver were associated with a higher degree of untreated liver hypertrophy. These factors should be considered in surgical candidates undergoing neoadjuvant SIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Girardet
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Jean-François Knebel
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Naik Vietti Violi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Georgia Tsoumakidou
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicolas Villard
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Nermin Halkic
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.H.); (N.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.H.); (N.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kobayashi
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.H.); (N.D.); (K.K.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (J.O.P.); (S.B.)
| | - John O. Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (J.O.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sarah Boughdad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (J.O.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (R.G.); (J.-F.K.); (C.D.); (N.V.V.); (G.T.); (N.V.); (A.D.)
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Andreescu M. Epigenetic Alterations That Are the Backbone of Immune Evasion in T-cell Malignancies. Cureus 2024; 16:e51662. [PMID: 38179322 PMCID: PMC10766007 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are heritable and enduring modifications in gene expression that play a pivotal role in immune evasion. These include alterations to noncoding RNA, DNA methylation, and histone modifications. DNA methylation plays a crucial role in normal cell growth and development but alterations in methylation patterns such as hypermethylation or hypomethylation can enable tumor and viral cells to evade host immune responses. Histone modifications can also inhibit immune responses by promoting the expression of genes involved in suppressing normal immune function. In the case of T-cell lymphoma, adult T-cell lymphomas (ATL) also undergo immune evasion through the exceptional function of its accessory and regulatory genes. Epigenetic therapies are emerging as a promising adjunct to traditional immunotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. Clinical trials are currently investigating the use of epigenetic therapies in combination with immunotherapies and chemotherapies for more effective treatment of ATL and other cancers. This review highlights epigenetic alterations that are widely found in T-cell malignancies.
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Zhao Y, Zhang F, Zhang X, Li Z, Li Q, Ni T, Wang R, Liu L, He Y, Zhao Y. Transcriptomic analysis of hepatocytes reveals the association between ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 and yes-associated protein 1 during liver regeneration. Regen Ther 2023; 24:256-266. [PMID: 37534236 PMCID: PMC10391600 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The liver has an excellent ability to regenerate, and disrupted liver regeneration after various injuries leads to an unfavorable prognosis for patients. In this study, we sought to identify novel therapeutic hallmarks that are associated with yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-mediated hepatocyte proliferation during the process of liver regeneration. Methods Partial hepatectomy was conducted to induce liver regeneration in rats. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining, and expression of YAP1 was detected. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to search for potential regulators of YAP1. The association between ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1) and YAP1 was validated using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results YAP1 was significantly elevated in regenerative hepatocytes, especially in the nucleus. Knockdown of YAP1 using small interfering RNA or pharmacological inhibition using verteporfin significantly attenuated the proliferation of hepatocytes. The bioinformatics analysis results revealed that USP1 was associated with YAP1-mediated hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. ML-323, a specific inhibitor of USP1-USP1 associated factor 1 (UAF1), significantly decreased the expression of YAP1, Cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, while these decreased expressions could be rescued by YAP1 overexpression. Furthermore, ML-323 treatment significantly inhibited liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. Conclusions In conclusion, we identified USP1 as a novel biomarker that is associated with YAP1-mediated hepatocyte proliferation in liver regeneration. Pharmacological inhibition of USP1 by ML-323 substantially impairs hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruojing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangru Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Marycz K, Bourebaba N, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Mularczyk M, Galuppo L, Bourebaba L. In Vitro Generated Equine Hepatic-Like Progenitor Cells as a Novel Potent Cell Pool for Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Treatment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1124-1134. [PMID: 36658383 PMCID: PMC10185601 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is recognized as one of the leading cause of health threatening in veterinary medicine worldwide. Recently, PTP1B inhibition has been proposed as an interesting strategy for liver insulin resistance reversion in both equines and humans, however as being a multifactorial disease, proper management of EMS horses further necessities additional interventional approaches aiming at repairing and restoring liver functions. In this study, we hypothesized that in vitro induction of Eq_ASCs hepatogenic differentiation will generate a specialized liver progenitor-like cell population exhibiting similar phenotypic characteristics and regenerative potential as native hepatic progenitor cells. Our obtained data demonstrated that Eq_ASCs-derived liver progenitor cells (Eq_HPCs) displayed typical flattened polygonal morphology with packed fragmented mitochondrial net, lowered mesenchymal CD105 and CD90 surface markers expression, and significant high expression levels of specific hepatic lineage genes including PECAM-1, ALB, AFP and HNF4A. therewith, generated Eq_HPCs exhibited potentiated stemness and pluripotency markers expression (NANOG, SOX-2 and OCT-4). Hence, in vitro generation of hepatic progenitor-like cells retaining high differentiation capacity represents a promising new approach for the establishment of cell-based targeted therapies for the restoration of proper liver functions in EMS affected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95516, USA.
| | - Nabila Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Larry Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95516, USA
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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Di-Iacovo N, Pieroni S, Piobbico D, Castelli M, Scopetti D, Ferracchiato S, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. Liver Regeneration and Immunity: A Tale to Tell. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1176. [PMID: 36674692 PMCID: PMC9864482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological importance of the liver is demonstrated by its unique and essential ability to regenerate following extensive injuries affecting its function. By regenerating, the liver reacts to hepatic damage and thus enables homeostasis to be restored. The aim of this review is to add new findings that integrate the regenerative pathway to the current knowledge. An optimal regeneration is achieved through the integration of two main pathways: IL-6/JAK/STAT3, which promotes hepatocyte proliferation, and PI3K/PDK1/Akt, which in turn enhances cell growth. Proliferation and cell growth are events that must be balanced during the three phases of the regenerative process: initiation, proliferation and termination. Achieving the correct liver/body weight ratio is ensured by several pathways as extracellular matrix signalling, apoptosis through caspase-3 activation, and molecules including transforming growth factor-beta, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The actors involved in the regenerative process are numerous and many of them are also pivotal players in both the immune and non-immune inflammatory process, that is observed in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Balance of Th17/Treg is important in liver inflammatory process outcomes. Knowledge of liver regeneration will allow a more detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that are crucial in the interplay between proliferation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di-Iacovo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Castelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Damiano Scopetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ferracchiato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Agnese Della-Fazia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (C.U.R.Ge.F.), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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