The Role of C-Reactive Protein in the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Retracted: The Role of C-Reactive Protein in the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/6222324.].

Natural killer cell activity in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide

Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is still the lethal stage for the whole spectrum of prostate cancer disease. Even though different treatment options have been introduced in the last decade with a significant survival improvement for this population, a lack of more reliable prognostic and predictive markers is still one of the main clinical challenges in management of mCRPC. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between Natural Killer cell activity (NKA) and both treatment effect and outcomes in patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide. A total of 87 patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide as the first line treatment were enrolled. NKA was estimated at baseline and prior to each treatment cycle. Endpoints included both treatment effect with biochemical response (BR), biochemical progression (BP) and radiological progression (RP), as well as outcome data with overall survival (OS), radiologic progression free survival (rPFS), and time to next treatment (TTT). At the time of BR, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) decreased significantly compared to levels detected at baseline (z-score = 2.33, p = 0.019). Regarding outcome data, the whole cohort was divided into four groups according to the change of IFNγ level during the first 3 cycles of enzalutamide treatment. In group 1 (n = 42) the IFNγ level remained within a normal range (≥ 250 pg/mL),while in group 2 (n = 7) it increased from an abnormal (< 250 pg/mL) to a normal level. In group 3 (n = 13) it dropped to an abnormal level, and it remained at an abnormal level during treatment in group 4 (n = 17). Patients in group 2 showed the worst prognosis with shorter both rPFS and TTT (HR 4.30, p = 0.037; and HR 6.82, p = 0.011, respectively). In this study inverse correlations between NKA and both treatment response and outcomes was observed in mCRPC patients receiving enzalutamide, suggesting an unfavourable role of NK cells in the late stage of PCa.

Prognostic significance of C-reactive protein in patients with cervical cancer: a meta-analysis

Background

Numerous studies have investigated the significance of pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for determining the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC). The results of these studies, however, have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis, therefore, focused on identifying the exact relationship of CRP levels with CC prognoses.

Methods

We searched the following databases from their inception until April 18, 2023: PubMed; Web of Science; Embase; and Cochrane Library. From the search results, we estimated the significance of CRP levels in determining the prognosis of CC, based on combined hazard ratios (HRs) and relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The present meta-analysis included 12 studies, encompassing 2,204 patients. Based on combined data, an increased CRP level was significantly related to an unfavorable overall survival (OS) of patients with CC (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.36-1.95; P < 0.001). Moreover, an increased CRP level was significantly associated with shortened progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with CC (HR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.39-2.03; P < 0.001). According to the subgroup and sensitivity analyses, CRP level was a reliable factor in determining CC prognoses.

Conclusion

Based on the results of our present analyses, increased CRP levels were significant predictors of poor OS and PFS in patients with CC. CRP level, therefore, could be an independent and inexpensive factor for determining the prognosis of patients with CC in clinical settings.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY, identifier INPLASY202360074.

Prognostic value of baseline C-reactive protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker of great significance for progression and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, previous studies reported the inconsistent findings of the relationship between CRP levels and survival in DLBCL patients. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of baseline CRP in the prognosis of DLBCL.

Methods

Relevant studies on baseline CRP and prognosis of DLBCL were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and other databases. The search time was from establishment of the database to December 2022. The studies that reported the baseline CRP level, DLBCL confirmed by pathology, data on the relationship between CRP and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS), and published in English or Chinese were included in this meta-analysis. No evidence showed the risk of bias of the included studies. Random-effects meta-analysis were conducted to calculate hazard ratio (HR). Stata15.0 software was used for the meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 11 studies with 2,314 patients were included. All included studies were of high quality. The result of prognosis in patients with CRP and DLBCL was HR =2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52 to 4.07]. The subgroup analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in both groups (HR =2.58, 95% CI: 2.10 to 3.18, random effects model I2=39.7%). There was a significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P=0.000).

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that baseline CRP is a potential predictor of DLBCL patients and has potential prognostic value in clinical practice, improving the survival rate and quality of life of DLBCL patients. Additionally, OS appears to be strongly influenced by potential country specific differences, which may be related to racial differences and specific lifestyles.