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Bashi A, Lekpor C, Hood JL, Thompson WE, Stiles JK, Driss A. Modulation of Heme-Induced Inflammation Using MicroRNA-Loaded Liposomes: Implications for Hemolytic Disorders Such as Malaria and Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16934. [PMID: 38069257 PMCID: PMC10707194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic disorders, like malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD), are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity rates globally, specifically in the Americas and Africa. In both malaria and SCD, red blood cell hemolysis leads to the release of a cytotoxic heme that triggers the expression of unique inflammatory profiles, which mediate the tissue damage and pathogenesis of both diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-451a and let-7i-5p, contribute to a reduction in the pro-inflammatory responses induced by circulating free hemes. MiR-451a targets both IL-6R (pro-inflammatory) and 14-3-3ζ (anti-inflammatory), and when this miRNA is present, IL-6R is reduced and 14-3-3ζ is increased. Let-7i-5p targets and reduces TLR4, which results in anti-inflammatory signaling. These gene targets regulate inflammation via NFκB regulation and increase anti-inflammatory signaling. Additionally, they indirectly regulate the expression of key heme scavengers, such as heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) (coded by the HMOX1 gene) and hemopexin, to decrease circulating cytotoxic heme concentration. MiRNAs can be transported within extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, offering insights into the mechanisms of mitigating heme-induced inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that miR-451a- or let-7i-5p-loaded artificial EVs (liposomes) will reduce heme-induced inflammation in brain vascular endothelial cells (HBEC-5i, ATCC: CRL-3245) and macrophages (THP-1, ATCC: TIB-202) in vitro. We completed arginase and nitric oxide assays to determine anti- and pro-inflammatory macrophage presence, respectively. We also assessed the gene expression of IL-6R, TLR4, 14-3-3ζ, and NFκB by RT-qPCR for both cell lines. Our findings revealed that the exposure of HBEC-5i and THP-1 to liposomes loaded with miR-451a or let-7i-5p led to a reduced mRNA expression of IL-6R, TLR4, 14-3-3ζ, and NFκB when treated with a heme. It also resulted in the increased expression of HMOX1 and hemopexin. Finally, macrophages exhibited a tendency toward adopting an anti-inflammatory differentiation phenotype. These findings suggest that miRNA-loaded liposomes can modulate heme-induced inflammation and can be used to target specific cellular pathways, mediating inflammation common to hematological conditions, like malaria and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaijah Bashi
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.B.); (W.E.T.)
| | - Cecilia Lekpor
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.L.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Joshua L. Hood
- Brown Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Winston E. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.B.); (W.E.T.)
| | - Jonathan K. Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.L.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Adel Driss
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.B.); (W.E.T.)
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Edlinger C, Paar V, Kheder SH, Krizanic F, Lalou E, Boxhammer E, Butter C, Dworok V, Bannehr M, Hoppe UC, Kopp K, Lichtenauer M. Endothelialization and Inflammatory Reactions After Intracardiac Device Implantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rakic M, Persic V, Kehler T, Bastiancic AL, Rosovic I, Laskarin G, Sotosek Tokmadzic V. Possible role of circulating endothelial cells in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Med Hypotheses 2018; 117:42-46. [PMID: 30077195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs as a result of insufficient myocardial perfusion leading to cell necrosis. This is most commonly due to the obstruction of the coronary artery by ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and thrombosis. Damaged ischemic and necrotic myocardial cells release pro-inflammatory substances in tissue and plasma, leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Profound systemic inflammatory response during ischemia/reperfusion injury causes disruption of endothelial glycocalyx and detachment of endothelial cells that express von Willebrant factor (vWF). We hypothesize that circulating vWF+ endothelial cells could act as antigen presenting cells which interact with T and NK cells directly, by cell to cell contact and indirectly by cytokine and chemokine secretion, leading to the immune response towards inflammation. Analyzing the frequency, phenotype and pro-inflammatory substances produced in circulating vWF positive (+) cells in patients with AMI could be beneficial to determine the severity of the pro-inflammatory response, according to the level of endothelial dysfunction in the early period of AMI. To evaluate these hypotheses, we suggest to determine frequency, phenotype, and ability of cytokine/chemokine production in circulating vWF+ endothelial cells by simultaneous surface and intracellular cell staining, and flow cytometry analysis. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, pro-atherogenic substances and the components of glycocalyx might be measured in supernatants of magnetically separated or sorted vWF+ endothelial cells, as well as in the serum of a patient with acute AMI by enzyme linked-immunoassay tests. The interaction of increasing concentrations of isolated circulating vWF+ endothelial cells and cognate T and NK cells might be investigated by lymphocyte proliferation rate, cytotoxic mediators' expression, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, characterization of circulating vWF+ endothelial cells could grant us greater insight into their role in pathophysiology of AMI and the degree of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Rakic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Viktor Persic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Kehler
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Ana Lanca Bastiancic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Ivan Rosovic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia
| | - Gordana Laskarin
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia-Opatija", 51410 Opatija, M. Tita 188, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, B.Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotosek Tokmadzic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Li Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts prevent hyperglycemia-induced monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells and ameliorates vascular inflammation in high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:524-34. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1154020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gudkova OO, Latyshko NV, Shandrenko SG. Amine oxidases as important agents of pathological processes of rhabdomyolysis in rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:79-87. [PMID: 29227084 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have tested an idea on the important role of amine oxidases (semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase) as an additional source of oxidative/carbonyl stress under glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis, since the enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and reactive carbonyl species in a variety of tissues is linked to various diseases. In our experiments we used the sensitive fluorescent method devised for estimation of amine oxidases activity in the rat kidney and thymus as targeted organs under rhabdomyolysis. We have found in vivo the multiple rises in activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase (2-4.5 times) in the corresponding cell fractions, whole cells or their lysates at the 3-6th day after glycerol injection. Aberrant antioxidant activities depended on rhabdomyolysis stage and had organ specificity. Additional treatment of animals with metal chelator ‘Unithiol’ adjusted only the activity of antioxidant enzymes but not amine oxidases in both organs. Furthermore the in vitro experiment showed that Fenton reaction (hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron) products alone had no effect on semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in rat liver cell fraction whereas supplementation with methylglyoxal resulted in its significant 2.5-fold enhancement. Combined action of the both agents had additive effect on semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity. We can assume that biogenic amine and polyamine catabolism by amine oxidases is upregulated by oxidative and carbonyl stress factors directly under rhabdomyolysis progression, and the increase in catabolic products concentration contributes to tissue damage in glycerol-induced acute renal failure and apoptosis stimulation in thymus.
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Wang W, Mu X, Zhao L, Wang J, Chu Y, Feng X, Feng B, Wang X, Zhang J, Qiao J. Transcriptional response of human umbilical vein endothelial cell to H9N2 influenza virus infection. Virology 2015; 482:117-27. [PMID: 25863179 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in response to virus infection. Here, we used a microarray technology to study the gene expression profile in human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 24h postinfection with H9N2 viruses or inactivated H9N2 viral particles. The results showed that H9N2 virus infection induced an abundance of differential expressed genes, exhibiting a transcriptional signature of viral infection. High levels of chemokine gene expressions were detected following treatment. Surprisingly, the most significantly up-regulated genes were mainly interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), although there was no change in interferon gene expression and interferon protein level. We also found that viral particles were more potent than viruses in inducing ISGs expression. These results suggest that induction of expression of ISGs is mainly dependent on the interaction between viral particles and endothelial cells. Our data offer further insight into the interaction between endothelial cells and H9N2 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Mu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yaocheng Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xuejian Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China.
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Gredmark-Russ S, Söderberg-Nauclér C. Dendritic cell biology in human cytomegalovirus infection and the clinical consequences for host immunity and pathology. Virulence 2012; 3:621-34. [PMID: 23076329 PMCID: PMC3545944 DOI: 10.4161/viru.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, establishes life-long persistence and latency after primary infection and can be reactivated later in life. In immunosuppressed patients, it is an important pathogen that can cause severe disease. HCMV is also thought to play a causative role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. The virus can infect different immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and can take advantage of host immune functions to avoid immune recognition. These characteristics have sparked major interest in understanding HCMV and its interaction with immune cells and their relevance to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the complex host-pathogen relationship between HCMV and DCs, including the persistence of the virus in these cells, their function in the immune response to HCMV infection and the potential clinical consequences of HCMV infection in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Laskarin G, Zaputovic L, Persic V, Ruzic A, Sotosek Tokmadzic V. Harmful immune reactions during acute myocardial infarction. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:703-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Varani S, Rossini G, Mastroianni A, Tammik C, Frascaroli G, Landini MP, Castellani G, Söderberg-Nauclér C. High TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels predict low blood dendritic cell counts in primary cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Virol 2012; 53:360-3. [PMID: 22257833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies suggest that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). However, there are limited data on DC homeostasis in CMV-infected patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize circulating DCs and plasma cytokine levels in immunocompetent patients with primary, symptomatic CMV infections. STUDY DESIGN The study population consisted of 14 patients suffering of CMV mononucleosis and 14 healthy volunteers (11 CMV-seropositive and 3 CMV-seronegative subjects) included as controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and used to characterize DCs and to quantify CMV in the blood. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. RESULTS We observed that patients who were developing CMV mononucleosis presented lower myeloid and plasmacytoid DC counts in peripheral blood compared with healthy controls. We also noted elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, of which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-which activates DCs and endothelial cells-was the highest. Notably, the decrease in blood DCs correlated with high TNF-α and IL-8 levels by a hyperbolic function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased levels of inflammatory factors facilitate alterations in DC homeostasis during primary CMV infection, which may contribute to viral-induced modulation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Varani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology L&A Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Laskarin G, Persic V, Ruzic A, Miletic B, Rakic M, Samsa DT, Raljevic D, Pejcinovic VP, Miskulin R, Rukavina D. Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:195-204. [PMID: 21388427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to examine the role of perforin (P)-mediated cytotoxicity in the dynamics of tissue damage in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) treated with anti-ischaemic drugs. We enrolled 48 patients with NSTEMI in this study [age, 71.5 years; 61.5/76 (median, 25th/75th percentiles)]. The percentage of total peripheral blood P(+) lymphocytes was elevated owing to the increased frequency of P(+) cells within natural killer (NK) subsets, T and NKT cells in patients on day 1 after NSTEMI when compared with healthy controls. Positive correlations were found between cardiac troponin I plasma concentrations and the frequency of P(+) cells, P(+) T cells, P(+) NK cells and their CD56(+dim) and CD56(+bright) subsets during the first week after the NSTEMI. The expression of P in NK cells was accompanied by P-mediated cytotoxicity against K-562 targets at all days examined, except day 21, when an anti-perforin monoclonal antibody did not completely abolish the killing. The percentage of P(+) T cells, P(+) NKT cells and P(+) NK subsets was the highest on the day 1 after NSTEMI and decreased in the post-infarction period. CD56(+) lymphocytes were found in damaged myocardium, suggesting their tissue recruitment. In conclusion, patients with NSTEMI have a strong and prolonged P-mediated systemic inflammatory reaction, which may sustain autoaggressive reactions towards myocardial tissue during the development of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Laskarin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism Thalassotherapia-Opatija, Opatija, Croatia.
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Bonnefont CMD, Toufeer M, Caubet C, Foulon E, Tasca C, Aurel MR, Bergonier D, Boullier S, Robert-Granié C, Foucras G, Rupp R. Transcriptomic analysis of milk somatic cells in mastitis resistant and susceptible sheep upon challenge with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:208. [PMID: 21527017 PMCID: PMC3096985 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of a genetic basis for host responses to bacterial intramammary infections has been widely documented, but the underlying mechanisms and the genes are still largely unknown. Previously, two divergent lines of sheep selected for high/low milk somatic cell scores have been shown to be respectively susceptible and resistant to intramammary infections by Staphylococcus spp. Transcriptional profiling with an 15K ovine-specific microarray of the milk somatic cells of susceptible and resistant sheep infected successively by S. epidermidis and S. aureus was performed in order to enhance our understanding of the molecular and cellular events associated with mastitis resistance. Results The bacteriological titre was lower in the resistant than in the susceptible animals in the 48 hours following inoculation, although milk somatic cell concentration was similar. Gene expression was analysed in milk somatic cells, mainly represented by neutrophils, collected 12 hours post-challenge. A high number of differentially expressed genes between the two challenges indicated that more T cells are recruited upon inoculation by S. aureus than S. epidermidis. A total of 52 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible animals. Further Gene Ontology analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were associated with immune and inflammatory responses, leukocyte adhesion, cell migration, and signal transduction. Close biological relationships could be established between most genes using gene network analysis. Furthermore, gene expression suggests that the cell turn-over, as a consequence of apoptosis/granulopoiesis, may be enhanced in the resistant line when compared to the susceptible line. Conclusions Gene profiling in resistant and susceptible lines has provided good candidates for mapping the biological pathways and genes underlying genetically determined resistance and susceptibility towards Staphylococcus infections, and opens new fields for further investigation.
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de Carvalho LFDCES, Bitar RA, Arisawa EAL, Brandão AAH, Honório KM, Cabral LAG, Martin AA, Martinho HDS, Almeida JD. Spectral region optimization for Raman-based optical biopsy of inflammatory lesions. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S111-7. [PMID: 20690839 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biochemical alterations between inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and normal tissues of buccal mucosa were probed by using the FT-Raman spectroscopy technique. The aim was to find the minimal set of Raman bands that would furnish the best discrimination. BACKGROUND Raman-based optical biopsy is a widely recognized potential technique for noninvasive real-time diagnosis. However, few studies had been devoted to the discrimination of very common subtle or early pathologic states as inflammatory processes that are always present on, for example, cancer lesion borders. METHODS Seventy spectra of IFH from 14 patients were compared with 30 spectra of normal tissues from six patients. The statistical analysis was performed with principal components analysis and soft independent modeling class analogy cross-validated, leave-one-out methods. RESULTS Bands close to 574, 1,100, 1,250 to 1,350, and 1,500 cm(-1) (mainly amino acids and collagen bands) showed the main intragroup variations that are due to the acanthosis process in the IFH epithelium. The 1,200 (C-C aromatic/DNA), 1,350 (CH(2) bending/collagen 1), and 1,730 cm(-1) (collagen III) regions presented the main intergroup variations. This finding was interpreted as originating in an extracellular matrix-degeneration process occurring in the inflammatory tissues. The statistical analysis results indicated that the best discrimination capability (sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100%) was found by using the 530-580 cm(-1) spectral region. CONCLUSIONS The existence of this narrow spectral window enabling normal and inflammatory diagnosis also had useful implications for an in vivo dispersive Raman setup for clinical applications.
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Phillipson M, Heit B, Parsons SA, Petri B, Mullaly SC, Colarusso P, Gower RM, Neely G, Simon SI, Kubes P. Vav1 is essential for mechanotactic crawling and migration of neutrophils out of the inflamed microvasculature. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6870-8. [PMID: 19454683 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mac-1-dependent crawling is a new step in the leukocyte recruitment cascade that follows LFA-1-dependent adhesion and precedes emigration. Neutrophil adhesion via LFA-1 has been shown to induce cytoskeletal reorganization through Vav1-dependent signaling, and the current study investigates the role of Vav1 in the leukocyte recruitment process in vivo with particular attention to the events immediately downstream of LFA-1-dependent adhesion. Intravital and spinning-disk-confocal microscopy was used to investigate intravascular crawling in relation to endothelial junctions in vivo in wild-type and Vav1(-/-) mice. Adherent wild-type neutrophils almost immediately began crawling perpendicular to blood flow via Mac-1 until they reached an endothelial junction where they often changed direction. This pattern of perpendicular, mechanotactic crawling was recapitulated in vitro when shear was applied. In sharp contrast, the movement of Vav1(-/-) neutrophils was always in the direction of flow and appeared more passive as if the cells were dragged in the direction of flow in vivo and in vitro. More than 80% of Vav1(-/-) neutrophils moved independent of Mac-1 and could be detached with LFA-1 Abs. An inability to release the uropod was frequently noted for Vav1(-/-) neutrophils, leading to greatly elongated tails. The Vav1(-/-) neutrophils failed to stop or follow junctions and ultimately detached, leading to fewer emigrated neutrophils. The Vav1(-/-) phenotype resulted in fewer neutrophils recruited in a relevant model of infectious peritonitis. Clearly, Vav1 is critical for the complex interplay between LFA-1 and Mac-1 that underlies the programmed intravascular crawling of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Phillipson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Snyder Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Piovezan AP, D'Orléans-Juste P, Frighetto M, Souza GEP, Henriques MGMO, Rae GA. Endothelins contribute towards nociception induced by antigen in ovalbumin-sensitised mice. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 141:755-63. [PMID: 14744803 PMCID: PMC1574245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The contribution of endogenous endothelins to nociceptive responses elicited by ovalbumin (OVA) in the hind-paw of mice sensitised to this antigen (50 microg OVA+5 mg Al(OH)(3), s.c., 14 days beforehand) was investigated. 2. Sensitised mice exhibited greater nocifensive responsiveness to intraplantar (i.pl.) OVA (total licking time over first 30 min: 85.2+/-14.6 s at 0.3 microg; 152.6+/-35.6 s at 1 microg) than nonsensitised animals (29.3+/-7.4 s at 1 microg). Nocifensive responses of sensitised mice to 0.3 microg OVA were inhibited by morphine (3 mg kg(-1), s.c.) or local depletion of mast cells (four daily i.pl. injections of compound 48/80). 3. Pretreatment with i.v. bosentan (mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist; 52 micromol kg(-1)) or A-122722.5 (selective ET(A) receptor antagonist; 6 micromol kg(-1)) reduced OVA-induced licking from 124.8+/-20.6 s to 45.7+/-13.0 s and 64.2+/-12.1 s, respectively, whereas A-192621.1 (selective ET(B) receptor antagonist; 25 micromol kg(-1)) enhanced them to 259.2+/-39.6 s. 4. Local i.pl. pretreatment with BQ-123 or BQ-788 (selective ET(A) or ET(B) receptor antagonists, respectively, each at 3 nmol) reduced OVA-induced licking (from 106.2+/-15.2 to 57.0+/-9.4 s and from 118.6+/-10.5 to 76.8+/-14.7 s, respectively). Sarafotoxin S6c (selective ETB receptor agonist, 30 pmol, i.pl., 30 min after OVA) induced nocifensive responses in OVA-sensitised, but not in nonsensitised, animals. 5. Compound 48/80 (0.3 microg, i.pl.) induced nocifensive responses per se and potentiated those induced by i.pl. capsaicin (0.1 microg). Treatment with BQ-123 (3 nmol, i.pl.) reduced only the hyperalgesic effect of compound 48/80, whereas BQ-788 (3 nmol) was ineffective. 6. Thus, immune-mediated Type I hypersensitivity reactions elicit mast cell- and endothelin-dependent nociception in the mouse hind-paw, which are mediated locally by both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. The nocifensive response to antigen is amenable to blockade by systemic treatment with dual ET(A)/ET(B) or selective ET(A) receptor antagonists, but is sharply potentiated by systemic selective ET(B) receptor antagonist treatment. The apparently distinct roles played by ET(B) receptors in this phenomenon at local and other sites remain to be characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Piovezan
- Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R Ferreira Lima 82, Florianópolis 88015-420, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Monica Frighetto
- Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R Ferreira Lima 82, Florianópolis 88015-420, SC, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria G M O Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Giles A Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R Ferreira Lima 82, Florianópolis 88015-420, SC, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
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15
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Antonelli A, Bianchi M, Crinelli R, Gentilini L, Magnani M. Modulation of ICAM-1 expression in ECV304 cells by macrophage-released cytokines. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:978-91. [PMID: 11831864 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transendothelial leukocyte trafficking during inflammation requires the expression of adhesion molecules such as human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). ICAM-1 is constitutively expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and its levels increase in response to a variety of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. Monocyte/macrophage cells play a crucial role in this context because, upon stimulation, they release proinflammatory cytokines which are responsible for the upregulation of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. In the present study we investigated whether the modulation of macrophage activation and cytokine release is able to modulate ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Dexamethasone was selectively delivered to macrophages by means of a red blood cell-mediated delivery system. Subsequent stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to inhibit NF-kB activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release [R. Crinelli, A. Antonelli, M. Bianchi, L. Gentilini, S. Scaramucci, and M. Magnani (2000) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 26, 211-222]. Incubation with conditioned medium derived from LPS-stimulated macrophages receiving dexamethasone resulted in a 45% inhibition of ICAM-1 mRNA expression in ECV304 cells. In the same experimental system this reduced ICAM-1 expression was paralleled by a reduced NF-kB DNA binding activity and a twofold higher level of IkB(alpha) in the cytosol of endothelial cells. Activation of ICAM-1 expression in ECV304 cells by macrophage-conditioned medium is not due to IFN-gamma stimulation since STAT-1 DNA binding remained unchanged. Furthermore, treatment of the macrophage-conditioned medium with a TNF-alpha-inactivating antibody resulted in the complete abrogation of induced ICAM-1 expression. These results suggest that TNF-alpha is the main cytokine released by LPS-stimulated macrophages able to promote ICAM-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Modulation of the NF-kB activation pathway in macrophages by targeted delivery of dexamethasone could potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy with which to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antonelli
- Istituto di Chimica Biologica G. Fornaini, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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16
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Gorczynski RM, Fu XM, Issekutz T, Cohen Z. Differential regulation of rejection of small intestinal and skin allografts in rats by injection of antibodies to ICAM-1 or the integrins alpha 4, alpha L, or beta 2. Cell Immunol 1998; 184:74-82. [PMID: 9626338 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female Lewis (LEW) rats received orthotopic small intestinal transplantation (SIT), or tail skin grafts from female (Lewis x Brown Norway)F1 (LBNF1) rats, along with peritransplant portal venous (pv) infusion of LBNF1 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells derived from male donors. All animals received im injection with cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days following transplantation. In some cases rats received intravenous injections, at 2-day intervals, with 1 mg of monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 or the integrins alpha 4, alpha L, or beta 2, or combinations of these reagents. Cells were harvested from the recipient rats at different times posttransplantation, and single cell suspensions were analyzed by FACS for expression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, alpha beta TcR+, and gamma delta TcR+ cells. Other tissue samples were used for histopathological assessment of rejection. We also investigated donor-specific and third-party (Wistar-Furth, Wi) restimulation of host lymphocytes from MLN, PLN, and PP for production of different cytokines in vitro. Of the various antibodies tested, only anti-alpha 4, but not anti-alpha L, -beta 2, nor -ICAM-1 led to further increased graft survival of LBNF1 SIT beyond that seen with pv-infused cells alone (30 days vs 19 days), while the combination of anti-alpha L (or beta 2) and ICAM-1 produced further significantly increased survival of skin grafts (30 days vs 21 days). For both SIT and skin-grafted animals increased graft survival was associated with decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma and increased production of IL-4 and IL-10 from tissues local to the graft (PP and draining LN, respectively), with less significant alterations in tissues distant to the graft (PLN for SIT, and MLN for skin grafts). While, as reported previously, pv-immunized SIT rats showed increased gamma delta TCR+ cells within the SIT in association with increased graft survival, treatment with anti-alpha 4 diminished this increase in gamma delta TCR+ cells, while simultaneously increasing SIT survival. Nevertheless, the bias toward increased IL-10 production, and decreased IFN-gamma production, from cells of animals showing increased survival was maintained. These data suggest that local graft infiltration with gamma delta TCR+ cells following pv immunization is not necessary for prolongation of survival in this model system, although functional changes in the local cytokines milieu may be important.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD18 Antigens/physiology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Female
- Graft Rejection
- Integrin alpha4
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/physiology
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto Transplant Research, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Laan MP, Koning H, Baert MR, Oranje AP, Buurman WA, Savelkoul HF, Neijens HJ. Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and p75 in atopic children. Allergy 1998; 53:51-8. [PMID: 9491229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, membrane expression of adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors (TNF-R) are increased, and soluble forms of these molecules are released. This study analyzed plasma levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin as well as TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 in nonallergic (NAA) and allergic asthma patients (AA), atopic dermatitis patients (AD), and healthy children (HC) by ELISA. Plasma levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and sTNF-R, but not TNF-alpha, were detectable, but were not significantly different between the patient groups and healthy children. In the AA group, a significant correlation (rs = 0.78, P = 0.008) was found between sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 levels in the AA group (rs = 0.70, P = 0.025) and in the AD group (rs = 0.69, P = 0.027). In AD patients, a significant correlation was observed between sE-selectin and the disease severity, as measured by the SCORAD index (rs = 0.73, P = 0.038). Our data demonstrate that plasma levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 were not different between atopic and nonatopic children during a stable phase of the disease. In AD patients, levels of sE-selectin seemed to be related to clinical severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Laan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Dunky A, Neumüller J, Menzel J. Interactions of lymphocytes from patients with psoriatic arthritis or healthy controls and cultured endothelial cells. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1997; 85:297-314. [PMID: 9400630 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease that can concomitantly occur in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Psoriatic synovitis shows alterations of the synovial microvasculature. Inflammatory cells adhere to endothelial cells (EC) and migrate through the vascular wall of postcapillary venules located in the subintimal layer of the synovial membrane. The aim of our study was to investigate, first, the phenotype of lymphocytes (LC) of PA patients using flow cytometry (FC) with regard to activation antigens and adhesion molecules; second, the adhesion of LC of PA patients on cultivated resting or activated (with thrombin, LPS, IFN-gamma, or TNF-alpha) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by counting the Feulgen-stained nuclei of both adherent LC and HUVEC using image analysis; and third, the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-8 in both LC and HUVEC 24 hr after cell contact. These cytokines were determined qualitatively by immunofluorescence and quantitatively at the single-cell level by FC as well as in the supernatants of the cultures using commercial cytokine ELISAs. Fourth, we investigated whether or not the LC adhesion on HUVEC as well as the cytokine production could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against LC- or EC-specific adhesion molecules. In contrast to controls PA patients showed an increased surface expression of CD11a, b, and c as well as of CD44 but a reduced surface expression of CD49d/CD29, and CD49e/CD29, and cell-bound fibronectin on CD3+ LC. The activation markers CD25 and HLA-DR were found to be slightly enhanced in PA. The cell adhesion was generally enhanced in PA patients vs controls. It could be reduced with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against CD11a and CD18 on IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC but was generally enhanced after treatment of HUVEC with MoAbs against CD54, CD62E, or CD106. Due to LC adhesion on HUVEC IL-6 and IL-8 were produced in significantly higher amounts in PA patients compared to controls. This effect occurred already in resting but was enhanced in activated HUVEC. While IL-6 is mainly produced by HUVEC but also in smaller quantities by LC, IL-8 is synthesized only by HUVEC and could be modified by preincubation with MoAbs against LC- or EC-specific adhesion molecules in parallel to the cell adhesion. The experiments show that the main adhesion pathway in LC homing of PA patients is the interaction of the LC adhesion molecule CD11a/CD18 with CD54 on EC followed by an enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines. These results favor the hypothesis that the pathological alterations of the microvasculature in PA patients are generated by altered homing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dunky
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Wheller SK, Perretti M. Dexamethasone inhibits cytokine-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation on endothelial cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 331:65-71. [PMID: 9274931 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on three endothelial cell lines was differently modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone. Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with 1 microM dexamethasone prior to addition of TNF-alpha consistently reduced ICAM-1 induction by approximately 40%. EA.hy926 cell responsiveness to the steroid was validated by detecting specific dexamethasone binding, with a calculated affinity constant of 1.3 nM and a maximal number of sites of 35 x 10(3) per cell. To establish the generality of dexamethasone inhibition upon ICAM-1 up-regulation, two other endothelial cell lines were assessed. Incubation of LT4 and ECV304 cells with interleukin-1beta or TNF-alpha produced a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression on their cell surface (ranging from a 2-fold increase for interleukin-1beta to a 5-fold increase for TNF-alpha). Addition of dexamethasone was again able to significantly reduced this induction. Finally, the effect of the steroid on cytokine-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation was functionally related to its ability to suppress in vitro neutrophil trans-endothelial passage. Overall these data indicate that ICAM-1 is a likely molecular target for the anti-inflammatory action exerted by dexamethasone. Inhibition of ICAM-1 up-regulation may, at least in part, mediate the potent anti-migratory action displayed by this class of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Wheller
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, The William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
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20
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Vandermeeren M, Janssens S, Borgers M, Geysen J. Dimethylfumarate is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 234:19-23. [PMID: 9168952 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the antipsoriatic mode of action of dimethylfumarate focused on its antiproliferative effects in keratinocytes. Because inflammatory skin diseases are associated with an upregulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and because the presence of inflammatory cells in dermis and epidermis is considered an important feature in psoriasis, we tested the effect of DMF on cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression in HUVEC, using in situ ELISA and Northern blotting. Dimethylfumarate inhibited ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin expression and reduced adhesion of U937 cells to stimulated HUVEC. Monoethylfumarate and fumaric acid had no effect. Similar inhibitory effects for DMF on VCAM-1 expression were observed after stimulation of HUVEC with LPS, PMA, IL-4, and IL-1 alpha or in combinations with TNF alpha. These data are in agreement with previously reported effects of DMF on intracellular thiol levels and inhibition of NF-kappa B activation. The inhibitory effect on cytokine-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression may represent another target of dimethylfumarate in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vandermeeren
- Department for Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium
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