皱皮木瓜总黄酮松弛胃肠平滑肌的效应机制

Chaenomeles speciosa: A review of chemistry and pharmacology

Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (C. speciosa, Rosaceae family) is an effective medicinal plant, which has long been used in China to treat various diseases, such as rheumatism, cholera, dysentery, enteritis, beriberi and vitamin C deficiency syndrome. A series of chemical constituents, including triterpenoid, phenolic and phenylpropionic acids, flavonoids, saccharides, essential oils and alkaloids, have been isolated from this plant and some have already been evaluated for their biological activities. Pharmacological investigations demonstrated that C. speciosa possesses anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, antiparkinsonian, hepatoprotective and antitumor properties. The objective of this review was to summarise available up-to-date and comprehensive information on C. speciosa and provide a relevant reference for further investigations.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza properties of components from Chaenomeles speciosa

The fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of dyspepsia and various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the potential radical scavenging capacity, and activity against nitrous oxide, inflammatory cytokines production and neuramindase (NA) of its isolates. The results showed that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) displayed higher inhibitory activities on DPPH and NA with IC₅₀ values of 1.02 μg/mL and 1.27 μg/mL respectively, and quercetin (2) also showed significant inhibitory action on DPPH and NA, with IC₅₀ values of 3.82 μg/mL and 1.90 μg/mL. Compounds 1, 2 and methyl 3-hydroxybutanedioic ester (3) could inhibit the production of TNF-α by 22.73%, 33.14% and 37.19% at 5 μg/mL (P < 0.05) compared with the control. In addition, compound 2 was found to be active on the release of IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with an inhibitory rate of 39.79% (P < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of compound 3 is disclosed for the first time in this study. Avian influenza is usually accompanied by virus invasion followed by the occurrence of oxidative stress and serious inflammation, so the multiple effects of the isolates may play a cocktail-like role in the treatment of avian influenza, and C. speciosa components, especially quercetin, might be a potent source for anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agents.

Relaxant effect of a chromane HEF-19 on intestinal smooth muscles isolated from rabbits

AIM: To study the relaxant effect of a chromane HEF-19 on isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits and its underlying mechanism.

METHODS: Routine experimental methods using isolated small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits, the effect of HEF-19 on automatic contraction of small intestinal smooth muscle was investigated. The relaxant effects of glibenclamide (10^-5 mol/L), Verapamil (10^-7 mol/L) Phentolamine (10^-7 mol/L) and Propranolol (10^-7 mol/L) on HEF-19 with contraction induced by BaCl₂were studied.

RESULTS: HEF-19 significantly attenuated the tension and amplitude of automatic contraction of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The relaxing concentration-response curves of HEF-19 (10^-6-10^-3 mol/L) were significantly different after incubation with glibenclamide (EC₅₀: 4.16 ± 0.22 mol/L vs 4.36 ± 0.12 mol/L, P < 0.05 )and Verapamil (EC₅₀: 3.96 ± 0.24 mol/L vs 4.43 ± 0.19 mol/L, P < 0.05). Phentolamine and Propranolol had no effect on relaxant effect of HEF-19.

CONCLUSION: HEF-19 relaxes isolated small intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits and the mechanism may be related to K⁺-ATP opening and L-calcium channel but not related to α- receptor and β- receptor.