细胞核和线粒体微卫星不稳在大肠癌发生中的作用及两者的关系

Mitochondrial DNA microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate microsatellite instability in the non-coding region and coding regions of mitochondrial DNA in colorectal cancer.

METHODS: Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from 50 cases of fresh CRC samples and matched tumor-adjacent noncancerous tissue. Fluorescence polymerase chain reaction and short tandem repeat locus scanning were conducted to analyze microsatellite instability.

RESULTS: Mitochondrial DNA microsatellite instability was detected in 19 of 50 (38%) patients with CRC. The microsatellite instability in the non-coding region and coding region of mitochondrial DNA had a significant correlation (χ² = 4.929, P = 0.026).

CONCLUSION: There is a high frequency of microsatellite instability in mitochondrial DNA of CRC patients, and mitochondrial DNA microsatellite instability may play a role in the occurrence of colorectal cancer.

Association between colorectal cancer and tumor suppressor genes: recent research progress

Colorectal cancer is a common high-risk gastrointestinal cancer, and approximately 1.2 million new cases are diagnosed each year worldwide. In recent years, due to the improvement of people's living standards and changes in dietary habits and structure, the incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer increase rapidly in China. Moreover, patients have a significantly earlier age of onset. At present, the median age of colorectal cancer onset in China is 58 years old, 12 to 18 years earlier than other countries in Europe and America. The development of colorectal cancer is a complex multi-stage process involving multiple genetic alterations. Many studies have shown that colorectal carcinogenesis involves activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Tumor suppressor genes associated with colorectal carcinogenesis include p53, APC, DCC, and MMR, and proto-oncogenes include K-ras and c-myc. In this paper, we discuss the association between tumor suppressor genes and colorectal carcinogenesis.