非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠L-FABP和PPAR-α mRNA的动态表达

Effects of dietary supplementation with apple peel powder on the growth, blood and liver parameters, and transcriptome of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)

High-density aquaculture and nutritional imbalances may promote fatty liver in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), thus reducing the gains achieved by breeding. In this study, apple peel powder (APP) was used as a feed additive for GIFT. A control group (fed on a diet without APP) and five groups fed on diets supplemented with APP (at 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% of the diet, by weight) were established to investigate the effects of APP on GIFT growth performance and physiological parameters, and on gene expression as determined by transcriptomic analysis. Dietary supplementation with APP at 0.2% promoted GIFT growth, reduced total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the serum and liver, and decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum. Gene expression profiles in the liver were compared among the control, 0.2% APP, and 0.8% APP groups, and differentially expressed genes among these groups were identified. Annotation analyses using tools at the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the regulation of immunity and fat metabolism. The results showed that excessive supplementation with APP in the diet significantly inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, and stimulated the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2, heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1, and nuclear factor kappa B. This resulted in disordered lipid metabolism and increased pro-inflammatory reactions, which in turn caused liver damage. Therefore, APP has good potential as an environmentally friendly feed additive for GIFT at levels of 0.1%–0.2% in the diet, but excessive amounts can have adverse effects.

Mechanisms underlying the development of hepatic steatosis-related insulin resistance in Chinese hamsters with type 2 diabetes

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of hepatic steatosis-related insulin resistance in Chinese hamsters with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS: Insulin-resistant obese Chinese hamsters and Chinese hamsters with type 2 diabetes were generated by feeding a high-fat diet with or without low-dose streptozotocin. Then we investigated the alterations in hepatic gene expression profiles by microarray analysis followed by real-time RT-PCR confirmation.

RESULTS: Microarray analysis indicated that, in insulin-resistant obese Chinese hamsters and those with type 2 diabetes, differentially expressed metabolism-related genes were mainly associated with hepatic glycolipid metabolism and related signaling pathways. Real-time RT-PCR analysis verified that the expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ was increased (all P < 0.05), the expression of liver X receptor α (LXRα), PPARα, and PPARβ/δ was decreased (all P < 0.05), and the expression of LXR β was unchanged in the liver of hamster models. The expression of hepatic LXR α, SREBPs, PPARs and their target genes in insulin-resistant hamsters significantly differed from that in type 2 diabetic hamsters (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Altered expression of LXR α, SREBPs and PPARs may be involved in the development of hepatic steatosis-related insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic Chinese hamsters.