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Xu B, Gao J, Wang J, Wang F. Study on the impurity profiles of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin based on liquid chromatography tandem ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9840. [PMID: 38890553 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cloxacillin and flucloxacillin are prone to degradation and polymerization in humid and hot environments, and their polymers have long been recognized to trigger allergic manifestations. A series of the degradation and polymerized impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were separated and characterized to ensure safe use of these drugs by the public. METHODS By studying the chromatographic behavior of the degradation impurities and polymerized impurities in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) gradient elution, the impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were effectively separated and eluted. RP-HPLC tandem ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to characterize the structures of unknown impurities eluted from the RP-HPLC methods for cloxacillin and flucloxacillin. The mechanisms of formation of the impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were also investigated. RESULTS The structures of 10 unknown impurities in cloxacillin and 8 unknown impurities in flucloxacillin were elucidated based on the high-resolution MSn data at positive and negative modes, respectively. Six polymerized impurities were found and characterized, of which three were from the polymerization of cloxacillin and three were from the polymerization of flucloxacillin. CONCLUSIONS The study on the impurity profiles of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin provided a scientific basis for improving their production processes and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Trubiano JA, Stone CA, Grayson ML, Urbancic K, Slavin MA, Thursky KA, Phillips EJ. The 3 Cs of Antibiotic Allergy-Classification, Cross-Reactivity, and Collaboration. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1532-1542. [PMID: 28843343 PMCID: PMC5681410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic allergy labeling is highly prevalent and negatively impacts patient outcomes and antibiotic appropriateness. Reducing the prevalence and burden of antibiotic allergies requires the engagement of key stakeholders such as allergists, immunologists, pharmacists, and infectious diseases physicians. To help address this burden of antibiotic allergy overlabeling, we review 3 key antibiotic allergy domains: (1) antibiotic allergy classification, (2) antibiotic cross-reactivity, and (3) multidisciplinary collaboration. We review the available evidence and research gaps of currently used adverse drug reaction classification systems, antibiotic allergy cross-reactivity, and current and future models of antibiotic allergy care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cosby A Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - M Lindsay Grayson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Urbancic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Department of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tenn
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Rahman N, Khan S. Circular dichroism spectroscopy: An efficient approach for the quantitation of ampicillin in presence of cloxacillin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 160:26-33. [PMID: 26909703 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ampicillin exhibited a negative and a positive cotton effects on the circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the wavelength range of 200-280nm. Cloxacillin showed a positive cotton band peaking at 228nm. Three sensitive, precise and accurate CD spectroscopic methods have been developed for the determination of ampicillin and cloxacillin. Method A was used for the determination of ampicillin in presence of cloxacillin by measuring ellipticity at 206nm. Method B and C were employed to determine ampicillin and cloxacillin based on evaluation of ellipticity at 233nm and 228nm, respectively. Methods A, B and C showed linearity in the concentration range of 10-40μgmL(-1), 5-40μgmL(-1) ampicillin and 10-80μgmL(-1) cloxacillin, respectively. The method A was successfully applied to the determination of ampicillin in commercial dosage forms containing equivalent amount of cloxacillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (UP), India.
| | - Sumaiya Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (UP), India
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Klimek L, Aderhold C, Sperl A. [Allergies to antibiotic drugs: their importance in otorhinolaryngology]. HNO 2014; 61:409-15. [PMID: 23247751 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-012-2599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, over 40 million prescriptions for antibiotic drugs were counted in outpatient medical care in Germany. This represents a turnover of more than 750 million euros. With over 80 million daily defined doses (DDD), amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in Germany in 2008. Given the average of 5775 DDD per doctor, otolaryngologists prescribed more antibiotics than specialists in any other field of medicine in 2008; approximately 82% of these were β-lactams and tetracyclines. MATERIAL AND METHODS This article is based on selective literature-based research using the PubMed database. The keywords used in the search were:"allergy","anaphylaxis" and"hypersensitivity", in combination with "penicillin","cephalosporin","carbapenem","cotrimoxazole","macrolide","aztreonam" and"tetracycline". RESULTS Allergic reactions to antibiotics are among the most frequently reported adverse side effects arising from drug treatment. However, non-allergic adverse side effects owing to drug intolerance are also very common and may be clinically indistinguishable from allergic reactions. Owing to a frequent lack of appropriate diagnostic investigation, the decision to withhold effective standard treatments from patients is often based solely upon anamnestic observations. Up to 10% of respondents in an unselected population report an allergy to penicillin. In 80% of these cases, however, no penicillin-specific IgE-antibodies can be detected. CONCLUSION A detailed understanding of the symptoms, diagnostic options and possible cross reactions pertaining to allergic reactions to antibiotics, as well to non-allergic adverse side effects with similar clinical appearance, is very important for otolaryngologists. This profound knowledge ensures that the correct diagnostic steps are taken and that appropriate treatment decisions prevent the unnecessary use of reserve antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, HNO-Universitätsklinik Mannheim, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
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