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Tinti MG, Pazienza L, Santoliquido MT, D'Amico G, Carnevale V. A deep vein thrombosis in a young man. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:223-224. [PMID: 32472478 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Tinti
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luca Pazienza
- Unit of Radiology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Santoliquido
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Graziella D'Amico
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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2
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Inferior vena cava anomalies: review and surgical considerations. ANGIOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.20960/angiologia.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lauener S, Bütikofer A, Eigenheer S, Escher R. Thrombophlebitis hiding under a KILT - case report on 40 years long-term follow-up of neonatal renal vein thrombosis. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:183. [PMID: 31170948 PMCID: PMC6551889 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal renal vein thrombosis is a recognised cause of renal and inferior caval vein atresia (IVCA). However, the long-term impact of the condition is underrecognized with a high burden of morbidity for the patient, especially in adulthood. IVCA has been shown to be an independent risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with a high risk of recurrence. The acronym KILT for kidney and inferior vena cava anomaly with leg thrombosis summarizes the pathological situation. Case presentation We present the case of a 40-year-old patient with pain in the right lower limb resulting from acute thrombophlebitis. No risk factors could be identified. His history was remarkable with two episodes of deep venous thrombosis first of the left, then the right leg 22 years earlier; at that time also, no risk factor was identified. Because of the idiopathic character of that thrombosis, the patient remained on long-term anticoagulation with phenprocoumon. The present thrombophlebitis occurred while the INR was not therapeutic in the preceding weeks. A CT with contrast showed atresia of the inferior vena cava and of the right kidney, and presence of numerous collaterals. A thorough medical history revealed a renal vein thrombosis as a neonate. Anticoagulation was intensified, and stent placement became necessary after a further 2 years. Discussion and conclusions KILT syndrome is a rare but underrecognized condition. Complications may arise in young adulthood only, and it is of prime importance to instruct parents of the pediatric patient of the possible consequences of renal vein thrombosis and to assure guidance from the treating physicians throughout adulthood. Diagnosis of IVCA is by CT with contrast or by MRI, and lifelong anticoagulation may be necessary. Since the KILT syndrome is widely underdiagnosed, we challenge the clinicians to keep it in mind when confronted with thrombophlebitis or thrombosis of the young, male and with no other identifiable risk factors for deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lauener
- Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bütikofer
- Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Escher
- Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland.
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Raymundo SRDO, Cabral VS, Cavalieri RF, Reis Neto F. Thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis associated with inferior vena cava agenesis in a young patient. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/5/e229840. [PMID: 31129644 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of inferior vena cava (IVC) as agenesis are a rare congenital anomaly and cause of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs and should be investigated in young patients of unknown aetiology. Treatment with mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolysis can be considered in certain cases of DVT, promoting rapid clot removal, and has also been shown to be an effective treatment in acute DVT. We present a case of acute lower limb DVT associated with IVC agenesis in which Alteplase thrombolysis was used and thrombus aspiration with catheter bilaterally, with subsequent angioplasty of the common and external iliac, obtaining satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Souza Cabral
- Cardiologia e Cirugia Vascular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Raissa Fortuna Cavalieri
- Cardiologia e Cirugia Vascular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Reis Neto
- Cardiologia e Cirugia Vascular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Morosetti D, Picchi E, Calcagni A, Lamacchia F, Cavallo AU, Bozzi A, Lacchè A, Sergiacomi G. Anomalous development of the inferior vena cava: Case reports of agenesis and hypoplasia. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:895-903. [PMID: 29997719 PMCID: PMC6037009 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the cases of two adult male patients who were admitted to our emergency room with abdominal pain and dyspnea caused by gallstones and pulmonary embolism respectively. During the radiological investigations, as collateral findings, we found two anomalous development of the inferior vena cava. These conditions affect about 4% of population and, although asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, are associated with thrombotic manifestations as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The prompt recognition of these anomalies is necessary in order to prevent the complications associated with these conditions and to set the best therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Morosetti
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliseo Picchi
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Calcagni
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Feliciana Lamacchia
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Ugo Cavallo
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Bozzi
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Lacchè
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Sergiacomi
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Thein OS, Braganza Menezes DA, Moran E. Pyrexia of unknown origin: inferior vena cava agenesis. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-224739. [PMID: 29936445 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of fever after returning from Bali. She denied sexual contact abroad. On examination, there was suprapubic tenderness and a widespread maculopapular rash. Malaria serology was negative and blood tests were normal except for an elevated C reactive protein. Treatment was initially with ceftriaxone, metronidazole and doxycycline, but her symptoms failed to improve. A CT pelvis suggested a possible tubo-ovarian abscess, a suspected inferior vena cava (IVC) anomaly and left internal iliac/femoral venous thrombosis. A gynaecology review demonstrated left tubo-ovarian tenderness and fullness. An MRI suggested pelvic inflammatory disease and thrombophlebitis affecting the pelvic veins; deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treatment was commenced. Further family history revealed thrombosis throughout multiple generations. Further imaging analysis demonstrated agenesis of the IVC with compensatory dilation of pelvic collaterals and an acute DVT of the deep pelvic venous system. The patient was discharged with direct oral anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onn Shaun Thein
- Respiratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darryl A Braganza Menezes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Hospital Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ed Moran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Hospital Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Signorelli SS, Fiore V, Ruggieri M, Basile A. Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs in a 32-year-old man with chronic hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava (HIVC) without risk factors. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:273-5. [PMID: 26156448 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-015-1279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valerio Fiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Division of Radiology, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
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8
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Spentzouris G, Zandian A, Cesmebasi A, Kinsella CR, Muhleman M, Mirzayan N, Shirak M, Tubbs RS, Shaffer K, Loukas M. The clinical anatomy of the inferior vena cava: a review of common congenital anomalies and considerations for clinicians. Clin Anat 2014; 27:1234-43. [PMID: 25042045 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies in the course and drainage of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) may complicate normal functioning, correct diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions within the abdomen. Development of the IVC occurs during the 4th to 8th week of gestation, and due to its developmental complexity, there are many opportunities for malformations to occur. Although most IVC anomalies are clinically silent and are usually discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging, aberrations may be responsible for formation of thrombosis, back pain, and anomalous circulation of blood to the heart. In this review, we will discuss the most common variations and abnormalities of the IVC, which include the posterior cardinal veins, the subcardinal veins, the supracardinal veins, persistent left IVC, IVC duplication, situs inversus, left retroaortic renal vein, left circumaortic renal collar, scimitar syndrome, and IVC agenesis. For each abnormality outlined above, we aim to discuss relevant embryology and potential clinical significance with regards to presentation, diagnosis, and treatment as is important for radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians in current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Spentzouris
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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9
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Idiopathic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and bilateral femoral veins in an otherwise healthy male soldier. Case Rep Med 2013; 2013:246201. [PMID: 24187556 PMCID: PMC3800672 DOI: 10.1155/2013/246201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava is less common than deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, particularly in the absence of an obvious congenital caval abnormality or hypercoagulable state. We present a case of IVC thrombosis in an otherwise healthy and active 28-year-old male soldier secondary to dehydration and venous webbing. IVC thrombosis is an uncommon and underrecognized condition; in this case, the patient's caval thrombosis was initially mistaken for acute back strain. Prompt recognition is necessary to minimize long-term sequelae.
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10
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McAree BJ, O'Donnell ME, Fitzmaurice GJ, Reid JA, Spence RAJ, Lee B. Inferior vena cava thrombosis: a review of current practice. Vasc Med 2013; 18:32-43. [PMID: 23439778 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x12471967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis remains under-recognised as it is often not pursued as a primary diagnosis. The aetiology of IVC thrombosis can be divided into congenital versus acquired, with all aetiological factors found among Virchow's triad of stasis, injury and hypercoagulability. Signs and symptoms are related to aetiology and range from no symptoms to cardiovascular collapse. Painful lower limb swelling combined with lower back pain, pyrexia, dilatation of cutaneous abdominal wall veins and a concurrent rise in inflammatory markers are suggestive of IVC thrombosis. Following initial lower limb venous duplex, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal non-invasive imaging tool. Aetiology directs treatment, which ranges from anticoagulation and lower limb compression to open surgery, with endovascular therapies increasingly favoured. The objective of this review is to assess current literature on the aetiology, presentation, investigation, treatment, prognosis and other factors pertaining to IVC thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J McAree
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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11
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Trombosis venosa de repetición de etiología no habitual en el paciente joven. ANGIOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3170(13)70091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile Livorno, Livorno, Italy
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Ganzarain Valiente L, Quintana Rivera A, Ávila Puerta C, Ysa Figueras A, Rodríguez Bustabad M, Fonseca Legrand J. Agenesia de la vena cava inferior como causa de trombosis venosa iliacofemoral bilateral en pacientes jóvenes. ANGIOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angio.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Castro-Iglesias A, Díaz-Bermúdez J, Gago-Ferreiro C, Noya-Castro A. Vena cava inferior doble. Actas Urol Esp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Castro ECC, Devine W, Galambos C. The anatomy of a novel malformation of the cardinal vein system. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010; 13:318-21. [PMID: 19863444 DOI: 10.2350/09-07-0671-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies of the cardinal vein system (CVS) are uncommon but if unidentified can lead to life-threatening complications. We report a case with a novel malformation of the CVS. Autopsy with in situ dissection of heart and large vessels in a 25-day-old infant was performed. The infant was diagnosed with congenital heart disease, and systemic venous malformations were suspected by imaging. Correlation between premortem imaging and postmortem anatomy was performed. The superior and inferior left venous systems developed abnormally. A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) drained into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. A persistent left inferior vena cava (PLIVC) continued with the hemiazygos vein (HV), which drained into the PLSVC. The innominate vein was absent. The left renal vein was connected to the HV. Two common iliac veins were identified. The left drained into the PLIVC and the right into the right inferior vena cava (IVC). Perinatal echocardiography identified only the dilated HV draining to an LSVC and a small IVC. Congenital heart disease included hypoplastic left ventricle with hypoplastic aortic arch and subaortic stenosis, which were diagnosed by fetal ultrasound. Remodeling of components of CVS takes place during development, and unknown mechanisms guide this process. Defects of this process can lead to variable malformations, as demonstrated by this case. To our knowledge, the combination of complex malformations of both superior and IVC systems that extends to the common iliac veins has not been reported. We recommend identifying vascular anomalies in situ during autopsy before anatomic relationships are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eumenia C C Castro
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Yang PS, Kim JS, Hur H, Min BS, Kim NK. Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava Recognized during Laparotomy. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2009.76.5.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Sung Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hur
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Milani C, Constantinou M, Berz D, Butera JN, Colvin GA. Left sided inferior vena cava duplication and venous thromboembolism: case report and review of literature. J Hematol Oncol 2008; 1:24. [PMID: 19055711 PMCID: PMC2637295 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-1-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of venous thromboembolism in young patients is frequently associated with hereditary coagulation abnormalities, immunologic diseases, and neoplasia. The advent of radiological advances, namely Computed Tomography (CT) scans and venography has identified vena cava malformations as a new etiologic factor worthy of consideration. In this case report, we describe the unusual occurrence of venous thromboembolism in association with a duplicated inferior vena cava. Duplications of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are seen with an incidence of 0.2% to 3.0% in the general population. Embryogenesis of the IVC is a complex process involving the intricate formation and regression of numerous anastomoses, potentially leading to various anomalies. We present a 23-year-old Caucasian woman with IVC duplication who developed a deep venous thrombosis and multiple pulmonary emboli. Anomaly of the IVC is a rare example of a congenital condition that predisposes to thromboembolism, presumably by favoring venous stasis. This diagnosis should be considered in patients under the age of 30 with spontaneous occurrence of blood clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannon Milani
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
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Clayburgh DR, Yoon JD, Cipriani NA, Ricketts PA, Arora VM. Clinical problem-solving. Collateral damage. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1048-54. [PMID: 18768949 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcps0708994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abdominal pain: a presentation of a vena cava aplasia complicated by thrombosis. Emerg Radiol 2008; 16:323-6. [PMID: 18726127 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-008-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a young man presenting with iliac fossa pain secondary to iliac vein thrombus due to inferior vena cava aplasia. No other identifiable risk factor or cause for deep vein thrombosis was demonstrated.
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Gutiérrez Abad C, Vara Castrodeza A, Centeno Malfaz F, Alcalde Martín C. Vena hemiácigos persistente y ausencia de vena cava inferior intrahepática. ¿Un hallazgo casual? An Pediatr (Barc) 2008; 68:412-4. [DOI: 10.1157/13118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mata-Campos J, Martínez-Gámez F, Sánchez-Maestre M, Galán-Zafra M, Maza-Montero E. Abdomen agudo como forma atípica de presentación de una agenesia de la vena cava inferior: a propósito de un caso. ANGIOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3170(08)01008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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