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Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in Mycobacterium abscessus, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010090. [PMID: 36677382 PMCID: PMC9866562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Mycobacterium abscessus has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challenge due to the multi-drug-resistant nature of this species and its ability to evade most therapeutic approaches. However, although predisposing host factors for disease are well known, intrinsic pathogenicity mechanisms of this mycobacterium are still not elucidated. Like other mycobacteria, intracellular invasiveness and survival inside different cell lines are pathogenic factors related to the ability of M. abscessus to establish infection. Some of the molecular factors involved in this process are well-known and are present in the mycobacterial cell wall, such as trehalose-dimycolate and glycopeptidolipids. The ability to form biofilms is another pathogenic factor that is essential for the development of chronic disease and for promoting mycobacterial survival against the host immune system or different antibacterial treatments. This capability also seems to be related to glycopeptidolipids and other lipid molecules, and some studies have shown an intrinsic relationship between both pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial resistance is also considered a mechanism of pathogenicity because it allows the mycobacterium to resist antimicrobial therapies and represents an advantage in polymicrobial biofilms. The recent description of hyperpathogenic strains with the potential interhuman transmission makes it necessary to increase our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of this species to design better therapeutic approaches to the management of these infections.
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García-Coca M, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Ibáñez-Apesteguía A, Rodríguez-Sevilla G, Romera-García D, Mahíllo-Fernández I, Reina G, Fernández-Alonso M, Leiva J, Muñoz-Egea MC, Del Pozo JL, Esteban J. Non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria smooth and rough colony phenotypes pathogenicity evaluated using in vitro and experimental models. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5568367. [PMID: 31583400 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (NPRGM) are widely distributed in water, soil and animals. It has been observed an increasing importance of NPRGM related-infections, particularly due to the high antimicrobial resistance. NPRGM have rough and smooth colony phenotypes, and several studies have showed that rough colony variants are more virulent than smooth ones. However, other studies have failed to validate this observation. In this study, we have performed two models, invitro and in vivo, in order to assess the different pathogenicity of these two phenotypes. We used collection and clinical strains of Mycobacteriumabscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacteriumchelonae. On the invitro model (macrophages), phagocytosis was higher for M. abscessus and M. fortuitum rough colony variant strains when compared to smooth colony variants. However, we did not find differences with colonial variants of M. chelonae. Survival of Galleriamellonella larvae in the experimental model was lower for M. abscessus and M. fortuitum rough colony variants when compared with larvae infected with smooth colony variants. We did not find differences in larvae infected with M. chelonae.Results of our in vivo study correlated well with the experimental model. This fact could have implications on the interpretation of the clinical significance of the NPRGM isolate colonial variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Coca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - David Romera-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Reina
- Microbiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - José Leiva
- Microbiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Del Pozo
- Microbiology Service and Infectious Diseases Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Determination of the invasive capacity of nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria by two different in vitro assays. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:607-8. [PMID: 19409665 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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