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Zhang Y, Lv X, Chen L, Liu Y. The role and function of CLU in cancer biology and therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1375-1391. [PMID: 36098834 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a highly evolutionary conserved glycoprotein with multiple isoform-specific functions and is widely distributed in different species. Accumulated evidence has shown the prominent role of CLU in regulating several essential physiological processes, including programmed cell death, metastasis, invasion, proliferation and cell growth via regulating diverse signaling pathways to mediate cancer progression in various cancers, such as prostate, breast, lung, liver, colon, bladder and pancreatic cancer. Several studies have revealed the potential benefit of inhibiting CLU in CLU inhibition-based targeted cancer therapies in vitro, in vivo or in human, suggesting CLU is a promising therapeutic target. This review discusses the multiple functions and mechanisms of CLU in regulating tumor progression of various cancers and summarizes the inhibitors of CLU used in CLU inhibition-based targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Matsushita K, Miyake H, Chiba K, Fujisawa M. Clusterin produced by Sertoli cells inhibits heat stress-induced apoptosis in the rat testis. Andrologia 2015; 48:11-9. [PMID: 25661013 DOI: 10.1111/and.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine whether the inhibition of clusterin expression in rat Sertoli cells enhances heat stress-induced apoptosis. The scrotums of rats were immersed in a water bath of 43 °C for 15 min. Testicular weight and germ cell number markedly decreased after the heat treatment in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, clusterin mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly up-regulated and peaked on day 21. The apoptotic index was markedly increased 1 day after the heat treatment. We then purified Sertoli cells from the rat testes, and an expression vector containing siRNA targeting the clusterin gene was transiently transfected into Sertoli cells. Following exposure to heat stress at 41 °C for 12 h, clusterin mRNA was markedly up-regulated after transfection with the control vector; however, the transfection of siRNA targeting the clusterin resulted in >70% reduction in the expression of clusterin mRNA. Furthermore, the apoptotic index in these Sertoli cells was significantly higher after the treatment with siRNA targeting the clusterin than control, and the most prominent difference was observed within 24 h after the heat treatment. These results suggest that an increase in the secretion of clusterin by Sertoli cells protects the testes from heat stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsushita
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Miyake
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Chiba
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - M Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Li C, Li S, Kong DH, Meng X, Zong ZH, Liu BQ, Guan Y, Du ZX, Wang HQ. BAG3 is upregulated by c-Jun and stabilizes JunD. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3346-3354. [PMID: 24140207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BAG3 plays a regulatory role in a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy activation, and virus infection. The AP-1 transcription factors are implicated in a variety of important biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and oncogenesis. Recently, it has been reported that AP-1 protein c-Jun inhibits autophagy and enhances apoptotic cell death mediated by starvation. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. For the first time, the current study demonstrated that serum starvation downregulated BAG3 at the transcriptional level via c-Jun. In addition, the current study reported that BAG3 stabilized JunD mRNA, which was, at least in part, responsible for the promotion of serum starvation mediated-growth inhibition by BAG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - De-Hui Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hua-Qin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Mizoguchi Y, Moriya M, Taniguchi D, Hasegawa A. Effect of retinoic acid on gene expression profiles of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes during adipogenesis. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:101-11. [PMID: 23911087 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate genes involved in intramuscular adipogenesis in ruminants, 16 genes with dramatic variable expression were selected. These were selected from the differentiation- and proliferation-phase libraries of our previous serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) studies of a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cell line. We harvested the BIP cells over 12 days after adipogenic stimulation with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the earlier SAGE study results of the expression patterns of 15 of the genes. On day 6, TG accumulation increased significantly in the BIP cells but was completely inhibited in the 3T3-L1 cells (the monogastric reference). ATRA enhanced expression levels of six genes whereas it suppressed expression of eight genes on day 3 of adipogenesis in the BIP cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the messenger RNA expression level of the adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP), encoded by one of the upregulated genes, in the ADFP small interference RNA (siRNA)-transfected cells was 3.5% of that in negative control-transfected cells. Also, 6 days after induction the TG level in the ADFP siRNA-transfected cells was 21.8% lower than that in negative control-transfected cells. This analysis of gene expression profiles after ATRA treatment will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine intramuscular adipogenesis.
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McCarthy HS, Malda J, Richardson JB, Roberts S. Increased Production of Clusterin in Biopsies of Repair Tissue following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation. Cartilage 2013; 4:227-38. [PMID: 26069669 PMCID: PMC4297085 DOI: 10.1177/1947603513477652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the immunolocalization of clusterin in the repair cartilage of patients having undergone autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and evaluate correlation to clinical outcome. DESIGN Full-depth core biopsies of repair tissue were obtained from 38 patients who had undergone ACI at an average of 18 ± 13 months previously (range 8-67 months). The biopsies were snap frozen, cryosectioned, and clusterin production immunolocalized using a specific monoclonal clusterin antibody and compared with normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Clinical outcome was assessed from patients preoperatively, at the time of biopsy, and annually postoperatively. RESULTS Intensity of immunostaining for clusterin decreased with age in healthy cartilage tissue. Clusterin was detected to a variable degree in 37 of the 38 ACI cartilage biopsies, in single and clustered chondrocytes, in the pericellular capsule and the cartilage extracellular matrix, as well as the osteocytes and osteoid within the bone. Chondrocytes in hyaline repair tissue were significantly more immunopositive than those in fibrocartilage repair tissue. Clinical outcome improved significantly post-ACI, but did not correlate with the presence of clusterin in the repair tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the presence of clusterin in actively repairing human cartilage and indicate a different distribution of clusterin in this tissue compared to normal cartilage. Variability in clusterin staining in the repair tissue could indicate different states of chondrogenic differentiation. The clinical significance of clusterin within repair tissue is difficult to assess, although the ideal functioning repair tissue morphology should resemble that of healthy adult cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S. McCarthy
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust and ISTM (Keele University), Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - James B. Richardson
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust and ISTM (Keele University), Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust and ISTM (Keele University), Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
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Shiota M, Zardan A, Takeuchi A, Kumano M, Beraldi E, Naito S, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME. Clusterin mediates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis via Twist1 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5261-72. [PMID: 22896337 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces clusterin (CLU) expression, linking these genes to cancer metastasis. CLU is a pleiotropic molecular chaperone that confers survival and proliferative advantage to cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β regulates CLU expression and CLU affects metastasis remain unknown. In this study, we report that the transcription factor Twist1 mediates TGF-β-induced CLU expression. By binding to E-boxes in the distal promoter region of CLU gene, Twist1 regulated basal and TGF-β-induced CLU transcription. In addition, CLU reduction reduced TGF-β induction of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and fibronectin, thereby inhibiting the migratory and invasive properties induced by TGF-β. Targeted inhibition of CLU also suppressed metastasis in an in vivo model. Taken together, our findings indicate that CLU is an important mediator of TGF-β-induced EMT, and suggest that CLU suppression may represent a promising therapeutic option for suppressing prostate cancer metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zoubeidi A, Ettinger S, Beraldi E, Hadaschik B, Zardan A, Klomp LWJ, Nelson CC, Rennie PS, Gleave ME. Clusterin facilitates COMMD1 and I-kappaB degradation to enhance NF-kappaB activity in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:119-30. [PMID: 20068069 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a stress-activated, cytoprotective chaperone that confers broad-spectrum cancer treatment resistance, and its targeted inhibitor (OGX-011) is currently in phase II trials for prostate, lung, and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sCLU inhibits treatment-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer remain incompletely defined. We report that sCLU increases NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by serving as a ubiquitin-binding protein that enhances COMMD1 and I-kappaB proteasomal degradation by interacting with members of the SCF-betaTrCP E3 ligase family. Knockdown of sCLU in prostate cancer cells stabilizes COMMD1 and I-kappaB, thereby sequestrating NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm and decreasing NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Comparative microarray profiling of sCLU-overexpressing and sCLU-knockdown prostate cancer cells confirmed that the expression of many NF-kappaB-regulated genes positively correlates with sCLU levels. We propose that elevated levels of sCLU promote prostate cancer cell survival by facilitating degradation of COMMD1 and I-kappaB, thereby activating the canonical NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Balantinou E, Trougakos IP, Chondrogianni N, Margaritis LH, Gonos ES. Transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of clusterin by the two main cellular proteolytic pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1267-74. [PMID: 19353783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin/apolipoprotein J (CLU) is a secreted glycoprotein associated with many severe physiological disturbances that represent states of increased oxidative stress, such as aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and renal and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of our work was to examine the effect of proteasome and lysosome inhibition on CLU expression and to determine whether those proteolytic pathways are implicated in CLU gene regulation and protein degradation. To this end we used two different model systems, namely the U-2 OS osteosarcoma cell line and the WI38 primary human embryonic lung fibroblasts. We report that proteasome inhibition promotes both heat-shock factor 1 (HSF-1)-dependent CLU gene expression induction and protein accumulation due to reduced degradation. In contrast, lysosome inhibition results in elevated levels of CLU protein but does not affect the CLU mRNA levels. We also provide direct evidence that both the intracellular precursor, psCLU, and the mature secreted, sCLU, isoforms constitute proteolytic substrates of the proteasome and the lysosome. Overall our findings indicate that CLU overexpression after proteasome inhibition relates to both positive gene transcriptional regulation by HSF-1 and posttranslational protein accumulation due to reduced proteasomal and lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Balantinou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, Athens, Greece
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Omwancha J, Anway MD, Brown TR. Differential age-associated regulation of clusterin expression in prostate lobes of brown Norway rats. Prostate 2009; 69:115-25. [PMID: 18942093 PMCID: PMC2612093 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum androgen concentrations decline with age in male Brown Norway rats and castration induces apoptosis of luminal secretory epithelial cells in the ventral but not in the dorsal and lateral prostate lobes. Clusterin has been described as an androgen-repressed gene and a protein with either anti- or pro-apoptotic actions. METHODS We measured clusterin mRNA and protein levels, the effects of aging and castration on clusterin protein levels and clusterin immunolocalization within the prostatic ductal network in the prostate lobes of young and aged rats. RESULTS Whereas levels of clusterin mRNA and protein expression measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, were higher in the ventral and lateral lobes of aged (24 months) compared to young (4 months) rats, no age-dependent differences were observed in the dorsal lobe. Clusterin expression was localized by immunohistochemistry exclusively to the proximal duct segment of young rats, but extended to the distal segment of the ventral and lateral lobes of aged rats. Despite an age-related decrease in serum testosterone concentration, clusterin gene expression was not altered in the dorsal lobe. After castration, levels of clusterin expression increased significantly in the ventral and lateral lobes despite the absence of epithelial cell apoptosis in the latter. In castrated rats, clusterin expression extended throughout the proximal-distal duct regions of the prostate lobes of young and aged rats. CONCLUSION Regulation of clusterin expression in the prostate lobes of aging rats appears complex and is neither directly repressed by androgen nor dependent on apoptotic-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephat Omwancha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Matthew D. Anway
- Center for Reproductive Biology Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Terry R. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD 21205
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Inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent Bcl-xL expression by clusterin promotes albumin-induced tubular cell apoptosis. Kidney Int 2007; 73:567-77. [PMID: 18075502 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and inflammation, important contributors to the progression of chronic kidney disease, can be influenced by clusterin (a secreted glycoprotein that regulates apoptosis) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB, a transcription factor modifying the expression of inflammatory genes). We studied proteinuria-induced renal disease and its influence on clusterin-mediated apoptosis. Exposure of cultured mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells to bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in activation of NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) within hours followed by a decline in their activation, decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), decreased cell-associated antiapoptotic Bcl-xL protein but increased apoptosis. Clusterin progressively increased in the media over a 3 day period. Clusterin siRNA blocked protein production, increased NF-kappaB activation, and significantly increased cellular Bcl-xL protein, thereby reducing spontaneous and BSA-induced apoptosis. An siRNA to the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha had similar results. BSA-stimulated NF-kappaB activation reciprocally decreased AP-1 activity by preventing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These in vitro studies suggest that clusterin inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated antiapoptotic effects by the apparent stabilization of IkappaBalpha switching from promoting inflammation to apoptosis during proteinuria.
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Loison F, Debure L, Nizard P, le Goff P, Michel D, le Dréan Y. Up-regulation of the clusterin gene after proteotoxic stress: implication of HSF1-HSF2 heterocomplexes. Biochem J 2006; 395:223-31. [PMID: 16336210 PMCID: PMC1409688 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin is a secreted protein chaperone up-regulated in several pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study shows that accumulation of aberrant proteins, caused by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the incorporation of the amino acid analogue AZC (L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid), increased both clusterin protein and mRNA levels in the human glial cell line U-251 MG. Consistently, MG132 treatment was capable of stimulating a 1.3 kb clusterin gene promoter. Promoter deletion and mutation studies revealed a critical MG132-responsive region between -218 and -106 bp, which contains a particular heat-shock element, named CLE for 'clusterin element'. Gel mobility-shift assays demonstrated that MG132 and AZC treatments induced the formation of a protein complex that bound to CLE. As shown by supershift and chromatin-immunoprecipitation experiments, CLE is bound by HSF1 (heat-shock factor 1) and HSF2 upon proteasome inhibition. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that these two transcription factors interact. Gel-filtration analyses revealed that the HSF1-HSF2 heterocomplexes bound to CLE after proteasome inhibition have the same apparent mass as HSF1 homotrimers after heat shock, suggesting that HSF1 and HSF2 could heterotrimerize. Therefore these studies indicate that the clusterin is a good candidate to be part of a cellular defence mechanism against neurodegenerative diseases associated with misfolded protein accumulation or decrease in proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Loison
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Laure Debure
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Philippe Nizard
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Pascale le Goff
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Denis Michel
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Yves le Dréan
- Information et Programmation Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, IFR 140 – Génétique Fonctionnelle Agronomie et Santé, Université de Rennes 1, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Caccamo AE, Desenzani S, Belloni L, Borghetti AF, Bettuzzi S. Nuclear clusterin accumulation during heat shock response: implications for cell survival and thermo-tolerance induction in immortalized and prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:208-19. [PMID: 16331665 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU), whose role is still debated, is differentially regulated in several patho-physiological processes and invariably induced during apoptosis. In heat shock response, CLU is considered a stress-inducible, pro-survival/cyto-protective factor via an HSE element present in his promoter. In both human prostate PNT1A and PC-3 epithelial cells we found that apoptotic stimuli induced nuclear localization of CLU (nCLU), and that overexpression of nCLU is pro-apoptotic. We show here that CLU time-course accumulation kinetic is different from that of HSP70 in these cells, thus other factor(s) might mediate HSF-1 activation and CLU expression. Sub-lethal heat shock inhibited the secretion of CLU (sCLU), leading to increased cytoplasm accumulation of CLU (cCLU) in association to cell survival. At difference, lethal heat stress caused massive accumulation of pro-apoptotic nCLU in cells dying by caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Double heat stress (sub-lethal heat shock followed by recovery and lethal stress) induced HSP70 and thermo-tolerance in PNT1A cells, but not in PC-3 cells. In PNT1A cells, CLU secretion was inhibited and cCLU was accumulated, suggesting that cCLU might be pro-survival, while in PC-3 cells accumulation of nCLU was concomitant to caspase-3 induction and PARP activation instead. Thus, CLU expression/sub-cellular localization is strictly related to cell fate. In particular, nCLU and physiological levels of HSP70 affected cell survival in an antagonistic fashion. Prevalence of heat-induced nCLU, not allowing PC-3 cells to cope with heat shock, could be the rational explaining why malignant cells are more sensitive to heat when delivered by minimally invasive procedures for ablation of localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro E Caccamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biochimica, Biochimica Clinica e Biochimica dell'Esercizio Fisico, Università di Parma, Via Volturno Parma, Italy
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Criswell T, Beman M, Araki S, Leskov K, Cataldo E, Mayo LD, Boothman DA. Delayed Activation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor/Src/MAPK/Egr-1 Signaling Regulates Clusterin Expression, a Pro-survival Factor. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:14212-21. [PMID: 15689620 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412569200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin protein (sCLU) is a general genotoxic stress-induced, pro-survival gene product implicated in aging, obesity, heart disease, and cancer. However, the regulatory signal transduction processes that control sCLU expression remain undefined. Here, we report that induction of sCLU is delayed, peaking 72 h after low doses of ionizing radiation, and is dependent on the up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 as well as phosphorylation-dependent activation of its receptor (IGF-1 and IGF-1R, respectively). Activated IGF-1R then stimulates the downstream Src-Mek-Erk signal transduction cascade to ultimately transactivate the early growth response-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor, required for sCLU expression. Thus, ionizing radiation exposure causes stress-induced activation of IGF-1R-Src-Mek-Erk-Egr-1 signaling that regulates the sCLU pro-survival cascade pathway, important for radiation resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Criswell
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Program in Molecular and Cellular Basis of Disease, Laboratory of Molecular Stress Responses, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7285, USA
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