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Faria L, Canato S, Jesus TT, Gonçalves M, Guerreiro PS, Lopes CS, Meireles I, Morais-de-Sá E, Paredes J, Janody F. Activation of an actin signaling pathway in pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells by P-cadherin is essential for transformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049652. [PMID: 36808468 PMCID: PMC9983776 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression or function of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in all steps of tumor progression. Among those, P-cadherin is highly enriched in basal-like breast carcinomas, playing a central role in cancer cell self-renewal, collective cell migration and invasion. To establish a clinically relevant platform for functional exploration of P-cadherin effectors in vivo, we generated a humanized P-cadherin Drosophila model. We report that actin nucleators, Mrtf and Srf, are main P-cadherin effectors in fly. We validated these findings in a human mammary epithelial cell line with conditional activation of the SRC oncogene. We show that, prior to promoting malignant phenotypes, SRC induces a transient increase in P-cadherin expression, which correlates with MRTF-A accumulation, its nuclear translocation and the upregulation of SRF target genes. Moreover, knocking down P-cadherin, or preventing F-actin polymerization, impairs SRF transcriptional activity. Furthermore, blocking MRTF-A nuclear translocation hampers proliferation, self-renewal and invasion. Thus, in addition to sustaining malignant phenotypes, P-cadherin can also play a major role in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis by promoting a transient boost of MRTF-A-SRF signaling through actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Faria
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Master Programme in Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Canato
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Physiology and Cancer Program, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tito T. Jesus
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia S. Guerreiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Vector B2B - Drug Developing - Associação Para Investigação em Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Lopes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Meireles
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Florence Janody
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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2
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Qi R, Lin J, Chen S, Jiang J, Zhang X, Yao B, Zheng H, Jin Z, Yuan Y, Hou W, Hua B, Guo Q. Breast cancer prognosis and P-cadherin expression: systematic review and study-level meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022; 12:e893-e905. [PMID: 32943470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-cadherin can act both as a tumour suppressor and an oncogene. The clinical prognostic value of P-cadherin overexpression in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. We conducted a study-level meta-analysis to determine whether P-cadherin expression can help predict prognosis in BC. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to review eligible studies and clarify the relationship between P-cadherin overexpression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathological features, molecular subtypes and molecular phenotypes in BC. RESULTS Thirty-one studies including 12 332 patients were included. P-cadherin overexpression was correlated with significantly worse OS (HR=1.77, p<0.00001) and DFS (HR=1.96, p<0.00001) than P-cadherin-negative. P-cadherin overexpression could lead to high histological grade (OR=3.33, p<0.00001) and lymph node metastasis (OR=1.62, p<0.00001). Moreover, P-cadherin overexpression was associated with low odds of the luminal A subtype and high odds of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative subtypes. P-cadherin expression led to low expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptor (OR=0.37 and OR=0.36, respectively, both p<0.00001) and high expression of HER2 (OR=2.31, p<0.00001), Ki-67 (OR=2.79, p<0.00001), epidermal growth factor receptor (OR=5.85, p<0.00001) and cytokeratin 5/6 (OR=6.79, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS P-cadherin was found to be associated with invasiveness and metastasis. P-cadherin expression can probably be a useful biomarker for predicting poor survival and may act as an independent prognostic predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyin Lin
- Administrative Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuntai Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yao
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pneumology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Martins EP, Gonçalves CS, Pojo M, Carvalho R, Ribeiro AS, Miranda‐Gonçalves V, Taipa R, Pardal F, Pinto AA, Custódia C, Faria CC, Baltazar F, Sousa N, Paredes J, Costa BM. Cadherin‐3
is a novel oncogenic biomarker with prognostic value in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2611-2631. [PMID: 34919784 PMCID: PMC9297769 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients is very poor, with a median overall survival of ~ 15 months after diagnosis. Cadherin‐3 (also known as P‐cadherin), a cell–cell adhesion molecule encoded by the CDH3 gene, is deregulated in several cancer types, but its relevance in GBM is unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional roles, the associated molecular signatures, and the prognostic value of CDH3/P‐cadherin in this highly malignant brain tumor. CDH3/P‐cadherin mRNA and protein levels were evaluated in human glioma samples. Knockdown and overexpression models of P‐cadherin in GBM were used to evaluate its functional role in vitro and in vivo. CDH3‐associated gene signatures were identified by enrichment analyses and correlations. The impact of CDH3 in the survival of GBM patients was assessed in independent cohorts using both univariable and multivariable models. We found that P‐cadherin protein is expressed in a subset of gliomas, with an increased percentage of positive samples in grade IV tumors. Concordantly, CDH3 mRNA levels in glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database are increased in high‐grade gliomas. P‐cadherin displays oncogenic functions in multiple knockdown and overexpression GBM cell models by affecting cell viability, cell cycle, cell invasion, migration, and neurosphere formation capacity. Genes that were positively correlated with CDH3 are enriched for oncogenic pathways commonly activated in GBM. In vivo, GBM cells expressing high levels of P‐cadherin generate larger subcutaneous tumors and cause shorter survival of mice in an orthotopic intracranial model. Concomitantly, high CDH3 expression is predictive of shorter overall survival of GBM patients in independent cohorts. Together, our results show that CDH3/P‐cadherin expression is associated with aggressiveness features of GBM and poor patient prognosis, suggesting that it may be a novel therapeutic target for this deadly brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda P. Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Céline S. Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rita Carvalho
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
| | - Ana S. Ribeiro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda‐Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit Department of Neurosciences Centro Hospitalar do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Pardal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Braga 4710‐243 Braga Portugal
| | - Afonso A. Pinto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Braga 4710‐243 Braga Portugal
| | - Carlos Custódia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Neurosurgery Department Hospital de Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN) Lisbon Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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4
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Marques R, Grilo LF, Pereira SP, Sardão VA, Schmitt F, Oliveira PJ, Paredes J. P-cadherin induces anoikis-resistance of matrix-detached breast cancer cells by promoting pentose phosphate pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165964. [PMID: 32920119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful metastatic spreading relies on cancer cells with stem-like properties, glycolytic metabolism and increased antioxidant protection, allowing them to escape anoikis and to survive in circulation. The expression of P-cadherin, a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, is associated with hypoxic, glycolytic and acidosis biomarkers. In agreement, P-cadherin-enriched breast cancer cell populations presents a glycolytic and an acid-resistance phenotype. Our aim was to evaluate whether P-cadherin expression controls the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes of matrix-detached breast cancer cells, acting as an antioxidant and enhancing their survival in anchorage-independent conditions. By using matrix-detached breast cancer cells, we concluded that P-cadherin increases glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression, up-regulating the carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, while inhibiting pyruvate oxidation to acetyl-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) activation. Accordingly, P-cadherin expression conferred increased sensitivity to dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor. P-cadherin expression also regulates oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells, through the control of antioxidant systems, such as catalase and superoxide dismutases (SOD)1 and 2, providing these cells with an increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced anoikis. Importantly, this association was validated in primary invasive breast carcinomas, where an enrichment of SOD2 was found in P-cadherin-overexpressing breast carcinomas. In conclusion, we propose that P-cadherin up-regulates carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and decreases oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells. These metabolic remodeling and antioxidant roles of P-cadherin can promote the survival of breast cancer cells in circulation and in metastatic sites, being a possible player in breast cancer therapeutic resistance to pro-oxidant-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Marques
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Increased expression of P-cadherin is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:301-313. [PMID: 31664550 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Betts A, Haddish-Berhane N, Shah DK, van der Graaf PH, Barletta F, King L, Clark T, Kamperschroer C, Root A, Hooper A, Chen X. A Translational Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model for CD3 Bispecific Molecules: Application to Quantify T Cell-Mediated Tumor Cell Killing by P-Cadherin LP DART ®. AAPS J 2019; 21:66. [PMID: 31119428 PMCID: PMC6531394 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD3 bispecific antibody constructs recruit cytolytic T cells to kill tumor cells, offering a potent approach to treat cancer. T cell activation is driven by the formation of a trimolecular complex (trimer) between drugs, T cells, and tumor cells, mimicking an immune synapse. A translational quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model is proposed for CD3 bispecific molecules capable of predicting trimer concentration and linking it to tumor cell killing. The model was used to quantify the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of a CD3 bispecific targeting P-cadherin (PF-06671008). It describes the disposition of PF-06671008 in the central compartment and tumor in mouse xenograft models, including binding to target and T cells in the tumor to form the trimer. The model incorporates T cell distribution to the tumor, proliferation, and contraction. PK/PD parameters were estimated for PF-06671008 and a tumor stasis concentration (TSC) was calculated as an estimate of minimum efficacious trimer concentration. TSC values ranged from 0.0092 to 0.064 pM across mouse tumor models. The model was translated to the clinic and used to predict the disposition of PF-06671008 in patients, including the impact of binding to soluble P-cadherin. The predicted terminal half-life of PF-06671008 in the clinic was approximately 1 day, and P-cadherin expression and number of T cells in the tumor were shown to be sensitive parameters impacting clinical efficacy. A translational QSP model is presented for CD3 bispecific molecules, which integrates in silico, in vitro and in vivo data in a mechanistic framework, to quantify and predict efficacy across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Betts
- Department of Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 455 Kapoor Hall, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Piet H van der Graaf
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Barletta
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Rd., Pearl River, New York, 10965, USA
| | - Lindsay King
- Department of Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey Clark
- Established Med Business, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Cris Kamperschroer
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Pfizer Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Adam Root
- Department of Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Hooper
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Rd., Pearl River, New York, 10965, USA
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, California, 92121, USA
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7
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Paredes J. The Crosstalk Between Cell Adhesion and Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1933. [PMID: 31010154 PMCID: PMC6515343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis over mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, and this metabolic reprogramming is currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Oncogenic signaling frequently converges with this metabolic shift, increasing cancer cells' ability to produce building blocks and energy, as well as to maintain redox homeostasis. Alterations in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion promote cancer cell invasion, intravasation, anchorage-independent survival in circulation, and extravasation, as well as homing in a distant organ. Importantly, during this multi-step metastatic process, cells need to induce metabolic rewiring, in order to produce the energy needed, as well as to impair oxidative stress. Although the individual implications of adhesion molecules and metabolic reprogramming in cancer have been widely explored over the years, the crosstalk between cell adhesion molecular machinery and metabolic pathways is far from being clearly understood, in both normal and cancer contexts. This review summarizes our understanding about the influence of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion in the metabolic behavior of cancer cells, with a special focus concerning the role of classical cadherins, such as Epithelial (E)-cadherin and Placental (P)-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Ribeiro AS, Nobre AR, Mendes N, Almeida J, Vieira AF, Sousa B, Carvalho FA, Monteiro J, Polónia A, Fonseca M, Sanches JM, Santos NC, Seruca R, Paredes J. SRC inhibition prevents P-cadherin mediated signaling and function in basal-like breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:75. [PMID: 30404626 PMCID: PMC6223051 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a poor prognosis subgroup of triple-negative carcinomas that still lack specific target therapies and accurate biomarkers for treatment selection. P-cadherin is frequently overexpressed in these tumors, promoting cell invasion, stem cell activity and tumorigenesis by the activation of Src-Family kinase (SRC) signaling. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate if the treatment of BLBC cells with dasatinib, the FDA approved SRC inhibitor, would impact on P-cadherin induced tumor aggressive behavior. METHODS P-cadherin and SRC expression was evaluated in a series of invasive Breast Cancer and contingency tables and chi-square tests were performed. Cell-cell adhesion measurements were performed by Atomic Force Microscopy, where frequency histograms and Gaussian curves were applied. 2D and 3D cell migration and invasion, proteases secretion and self-renew potential were evaluated in vitro. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistically significant differences. The cadherin/catenin complex interactions were evaluated by in situ proximity-ligation assay, and statistically significant results were determined by using Mann-Whitney test with a Bonferroni correction. In vivo xenograft mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of dasatinib on tumor growth and survival. ANOVA test was used to evaluate the differences in tumor size, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier's method, using the log-rank test to assess significant differences for mice overall survival. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that P-cadherin overexpression is significantly associated with SRC activation in breast cancer cells, which was also validated in a large series of primary tumor samples. SRC activity suppression with dasatinib significantly prevented the in vitro functional effects of P-cadherin overexpressing cells, as well as their in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic ability, by increasing mice overall survival. Mechanistically, SRC inhibition affects P-cadherin downstream signaling, rescues the E-cadherin/p120-catenin complex to the cell membrane, recovering cell-cell adhesion function. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion our findings show that targeting P-cadherin/SRC signaling and functional activity may open novel therapeutic opportunities for highly aggressive and poor prognostic basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Nobre
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Almeida
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Vieira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Sousa
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Monteiro
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Polónia
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Bruner HC, Derksen PWB. Loss of E-Cadherin-Dependent Cell-Cell Adhesion and the Development and Progression of Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029330. [PMID: 28507022 PMCID: PMC5830899 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Classical cadherins are the key molecules that control cell-cell adhesion. Notwithstanding this function, it is also clear that classical cadherins are more than just the "glue" that keeps the cells together. Cadherins are essential regulators of tissue homeostasis that govern multiple facets of cellular function and development, by transducing adhesive signals to a complex network of signaling effectors and transcriptional programs. In cancer, cadherins are often inactivated or functionally inhibited, resulting in disease development and/or progression. This review focuses on E-cadherin and its causal role in the development and progression of breast and gastric cancer. We provide a summary of the biochemical consequences and consider the conceptual impact of early (mutational) E-cadherin loss in cancer. We advocate that carcinomas driven by E-cadherin loss should be considered "actin-diseases," caused by the specific disruption of the E-cadherin-actin connection and a subsequent dependence on sustained actomyosin contraction for tumor progression. Based on the available data from mouse and human studies we discuss opportunities for targeted clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Bruner
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
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10
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Stadler M, Scherzer M, Walter S, Holzner S, Pudelko K, Riedl A, Unger C, Kramer N, Weil B, Neesen J, Hengstschläger M, Dolznig H. Exclusion from spheroid formation identifies loss of essential cell-cell adhesion molecules in colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1151. [PMID: 29348601 PMCID: PMC5773514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell lines derived from solid cancers can form spheroids, which recapitulate tumor cell clusters and are more representative of the in vivo situation than 2D cultures. During spheroid formation, a small proportion of a variety of different colon cancer cell lines did not integrate into the sphere and lost cell-cell adhesion properties. An enrichment protocol was developed to augment the proportion of these cells to 100% purity. The basis for the separation of spheroids from non-spheroid forming (NSF) cells is simple gravity-sedimentation. This protocol gives rise to sub-populations of colon cancer cells with stable loss of cell-cell adhesion. SW620 cells lacked E-cadherin, DLD-1 cells lost α-catenin and HCT116 cells lacked P-cadherin in the NSF state. Knockdown of these molecules in the corresponding spheroid-forming cells demonstrated that loss of the respective proteins were indeed responsible for the NSF phenotypes. Loss of the spheroid forming phenotype was associated with increased migration and invasion properties in all cell lines tested. Hence, we identified critical molecules involved in spheroid formation in different cancer cell lines. We present here a simple, powerful and broadly applicable method to generate new sublines of tumor cell lines to study loss of cell-cell adhesion in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Stadler
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherzer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Walter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvio Holzner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Pudelko
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Riedl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kramer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Weil
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Neesen
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Siret C, Dobric A, Martirosyan A, Terciolo C, Germain S, Bonier R, Dirami T, Dusetti N, Tomasini R, Rubis M, Garcia S, Iovanna J, Lombardo D, Rigot V, André F. Cadherin-1 and cadherin-3 cooperation determines the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:546-557. [PMID: 29161242 PMCID: PMC5830586 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an extensive tissue invasion and an early formation of metastasis. Alterations in the expression of cadherins have been reported in PDAC. Yet, how these changes contribute to tumour progression is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between cadherins expression and PDAC development. Methods: Cadherins expression was assessed by immunostaining in both human and murine tissue specimens. We have generated pancreatic cancer cell lines expressing both cadherin-1 and cadherin-3 or only one of these cadherins. Functional implications of such genetic alterations were analysed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Cadherin-3 is detected early at the plasma membrane during progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (PanIN-1) to PDAC. Despite tumoural cells turn on cadherin-3, a significant amount of cadherin-1 remains expressed at the cell surface during tumourigenesis. We found that cadherin-3 regulates tumour growth, while cadherin-1 drives type I collagen organisation in the tumour. In vitro assays showed that cadherins differentially participate to PDAC aggressiveness. Cadherin-3 regulates cell migration, whereas cadherin-1 takes part in the invadopodia activity. Conclusions: Our results show differential, but complementary, roles for cadherins during PDAC carcinogenesis and illustrate how their expression conditions the PDAC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Siret
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Aurélie Dobric
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Anna Martirosyan
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Chloé Terciolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Sébastien Germain
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Renaté Bonier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Thassadite Dirami
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Véronique Rigot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Frédéric André
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 911, CRO2, 27 blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France
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12
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Mescher M, Jeong P, Knapp SK, Rübsam M, Saynisch M, Kranen M, Landsberg J, Schlaak M, Mauch C, Tüting T, Niessen CM, Iden S. The epidermal polarity protein Par3 is a non-cell autonomous suppressor of malignant melanoma. J Exp Med 2017; 214:339-358. [PMID: 28096290 PMCID: PMC5294851 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mescher et al. uncover a novel tissue-borne tumor suppression mechanism, engaging polarity proteins in the epithelial microenvironment that prevent malignant outgrowth of neighboring cell types through control of heterologous cell–cell contacts. Moreover, their data support an emerging role of P-cadherin, which is frequently amplified in human carcinoma, as a protumorigenic and proinvasive adhesion molecule, thus placing it as a promising druggable target to disrupt tumor–microenvironment interactions for anticancer therapy. Melanoma, an aggressive skin malignancy with increasing lifetime risk, originates from melanocytes (MCs) that are in close contact with surrounding epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). How the epidermal microenvironment controls melanomagenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify an unexpected non–cell autonomous role of epidermal polarity proteins, molecular determinants of cytoarchitecture, in malignant melanoma. Epidermal Par3 inactivation in mice promotes MC dedifferentiation, motility, and hyperplasia and, in an autochthonous melanoma model, results in increased tumor formation and lung metastasis. KC-specific Par3 loss up-regulates surface P-cadherin that is essential to promote MC proliferation and phenotypic switch toward dedifferentiation. In agreement, low epidermal PAR3 and high P-cadherin expression correlate with human melanoma progression, whereas elevated P-cadherin levels are associated with reduced survival of melanoma patients, implying that this mechanism also drives human disease. Collectively, our data show that reduced KC Par3 function fosters a permissive P-cadherin–dependent niche for MC transformation, invasion, and metastasis. This reveals a previously unrecognized extrinsic tumor-suppressive mechanism, whereby epithelial polarity proteins dictate the cytoarchitecture and fate of other tissue-resident cells to suppress their malignant outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Jeong
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Sina K Knapp
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Marina Kranen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
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13
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Ribeiro AS, Carvalho FA, Figueiredo J, Carvalho R, Mestre T, Monteiro J, Guedes AF, Fonseca M, Sanches J, Seruca R, Santos NC, Paredes J. Atomic force microscopy and graph analysis to study the P-cadherin/SFK mechanotransduction signalling in breast cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19390-19401. [PMID: 27847941 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces mediated by cell-cell adhesion molecules, as cadherins, play a crucial role in preserving normal tissue architecture. Accordingly, altered cadherins' expression has been documented as a common event during cancer progression. However, in most studies, no data exist linking pro-tumorigenic signaling and variations in the mechanical balance mediated by adhesive forces. In breast cancer, P-cadherin overexpression increases in vivo tumorigenic ability, as well as in vitro cell invasion, by activating Src family kinase (SFK) signalling. However, it is not known how P-cadherin and SFK activation impact cell-cell biomechanical properties. In the present work, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, cell stiffness and cell-cell adhesion measurements, and undirected graph analysis based on microscopic images, we have demonstrated that P-cadherin overexpression promotes significant alterations in cell's morphology, by decreasing cellular height and increasing its area. It also affects biomechanical properties, by decreasing cell-cell adhesion and cell stiffness. Furthermore, cellular network analysis showed alterations in intercellular organization, which is associated with cell-cell adhesion dysfunction, destabilization of an E-cadherin/p120ctn membrane complex and increased cell invasion. Remarkably, inhibition of SFK signaling, using dasatinib, reverted the pathogenic P-cadherin induced effects by increasing cell's height, cell-cell adhesion and cell stiffness, and generating more compact epithelial aggregates, as quantified by intercellular network analysis. In conclusion, P-cadherin/SFK signalling induces topological, morphological and biomechanical cell-cell alterations, which are associated with more invasive breast cancer cells. These effects could be further reverted by dasatinib treatment, demonstrating the applicability of AFM and cell network diagrams for measuring the epithelial biomechanical properties and structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - J Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A F Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - R Seruca
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Root AR, Cao W, Li B, LaPan P, Meade C, Sanford J, Jin M, O'Sullivan C, Cummins E, Lambert M, Sheehan AD, Ma W, Gatto S, Kerns K, Lam K, D'Antona AM, Zhu L, Brady WA, Benard S, King A, He T, Racie L, Arai M, Barrett D, Stochaj W, LaVallie ER, Apgar JR, Svenson K, Mosyak L, Yang Y, Chichili GR, Liu L, Li H, Burke S, Johnson S, Alderson R, Finlay WJJ, Lin L, Olland S, Somers W, Bonvini E, Gerber HP, May C, Moore PA, Tchistiakova L, Bloom L. Development of PF-06671008, a Highly Potent Anti-P-cadherin/Anti-CD3 Bispecific DART Molecule with Extended Half-Life for the Treatment of Cancer. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:E6. [PMID: 31557987 PMCID: PMC6698862 DOI: 10.3390/antib5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies offer a promising approach for the treatment of cancer but can be challenging to engineer and manufacture. Here we report the development of PF-06671008, an extended-half-life dual-affinity re-targeting (DART®) bispecific molecule against P-cadherin and CD3 that demonstrates antibody-like properties. Using phage display, we identified anti-P-cadherin single chain Fv (scFv) that were subsequently affinity-optimized to picomolar affinity using stringent phage selection strategies, resulting in low picomolar potency in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing assays in the DART format. The crystal structure of this disulfide-constrained diabody shows that it forms a novel compact structure with the two antigen binding sites separated from each other by approximately 30 Å and facing approximately 90° apart. We show here that introduction of the human Fc domain in PF-06671008 has produced a molecule with an extended half-life (-4.4 days in human FcRn knock-in mice), high stability (Tm1 > 68 °C), high expression (>1 g/L), and robust purification properties (highly pure heterodimer), all with minimal impact on potency. Finally, we demonstrate in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in a human colorectal/human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) co-mix xenograft mouse model. These results suggest PF-06671008 is a promising new bispecific for the treatment of patients with solid tumors expressing P-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Root
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Wei Cao
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bilian Li
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Peter LaPan
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Caryl Meade
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jocelyn Sanford
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Macy Jin
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cliona O'Sullivan
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Emma Cummins
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Matthew Lambert
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Alfredo D Sheehan
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Weijun Ma
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Scott Gatto
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Kelvin Kerns
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Khetemenee Lam
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Aaron M D'Antona
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Lily Zhu
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William A Brady
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Susan Benard
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Amy King
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Tao He
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Lisa Racie
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Maya Arai
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Dianah Barrett
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Wayne Stochaj
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Edward R LaVallie
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - James R Apgar
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Kristine Svenson
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yinhua Yang
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | - Liqin Liu
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Hua Li
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Steve Burke
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Syd Johnson
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Ralph Alderson
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - William J J Finlay
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Laura Lin
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Stéphane Olland
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William Somers
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ezio Bonvini
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Hans-Peter Gerber
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
| | - Chad May
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
| | - Paul A Moore
- MacroGenics Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Lioudmila Tchistiakova
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Laird Bloom
- Global Biotherapeutics Technologies, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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15
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Vieira AF, Paredes J. P-cadherin and the journey to cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:178. [PMID: 26438065 PMCID: PMC4595126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a classical cell-to-cell adhesion molecule with a homeostatic function in several normal tissues. However, its behaviour in the malignant setting is notably dependent on the cellular context. In some tumour models, such as melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma, P-cadherin acts as a tumour suppressor, since its absence is associated with a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype; nevertheless, the overexpression of this molecule is linked to significant tumour promoting effects in the breast, ovarian, prostate, endometrial, skin, gastric, pancreas and colon neoplasms. Herein, we review the role of P-cadherin in cancer cell invasion, as well as in loco-regional and distant metastatic dissemination. We focus in P-cadherin signalling pathways that are activated to induce invasion and metastasis, as well as cancer stem cell properties. The signalling network downstream of P-cadherin is notably dependent on the cellular and tissue context and includes the activation of integrin molecules, receptor tyrosine kinases, small molecule GTPases, EMT transcription factors, and crosstalk with other cadherin family members. As new oncogenic molecular pathways mediated by P-cadherin are uncovered, putative therapeutic options can be tested, which will allow for the targeting of invasion or metastatic disease, depending on the tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Sakamoto K, Imai K, Higashi T, Taki K, Nakagawa S, Okabe H, Nitta H, Hayashi H, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Beppu T, Baba H. Significance of P-cadherin overexpression and possible mechanism of its regulation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1153-62. [PMID: 26132727 PMCID: PMC4582984 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that P-cadherin, one of the classical cadherins, contributes to the malignant behavior of several types of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of P-cadherin and its clinicopathological and prognostic values in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the functional role of P-cadherin in these cancer cells by knockdown and overexpression in vitro and by analyzing the correlation between the P-cadherin expression and its promoter methylation status. Thirty of 59 ICC cases (51%) and 36 of 73 pancreatic cancer cases (49%) stained positive for P-cadherin with mainly membranous distribution in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. P-cadherin expression was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological factors, which reflect tumor behavior, and was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival in patients with ICC (relative risk [RR] 2.93, P = 0.04) and pancreatic cancer (RR 2.68, P = 0.005) via multivariate analyses. P-cadherin downregulation by siRNA suppressed migration and invasion, and P-cadherin overexpression induced the opposite effects in both ICC and pancreatic cancer cells, without any effects on cell proliferation. P-cadherin expression was related to its promoter methylation status in both cell lines and cancer tissues. In summary, P-cadherin overexpression may serve as a useful biomarker of invasive phenotype and poor prognosis; P-cadherin expression was found to be regulated by its promoter methylation. These results suggest that P-cadherin represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ICC and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katunobu Taki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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17
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Vieira AF, Ribeiro AS, Dionísio MR, Sousa B, Nobre AR, Albergaria A, Santiago-Gómez A, Mendes N, Gerhard R, Schmitt F, Clarke RB, Paredes J. P-cadherin signals through the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin to induce stem cell and invasive properties in basal-like breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:679-92. [PMID: 24553076 PMCID: PMC3996674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a classical cell-cell adhesion molecule that, in contrast to E-cadherin, has a positive role in breast cancer progression, being considered a poor prognostic factor in this disease. In previous reports, we have shown that this protein induces cancer stem cell and invasive properties to basal-like breast cancer cells. Here, we clarify the downstream signaling pathways that are triggered by P-cadherin to mediate these effects. We demonstrated that P-cadherin inhibition led to a significant decreased adhesion of cancer cells to the basement membrane substrate laminin, as well as to a major reduction in the expression of the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin. Remarkably, the expression of this heterodimer was required for the invasive capacity and increased mammosphere forming efficiency induced by P-cadherin expression. Moreover, we showed that P-cadherin transcriptionally up-regulates the α6 integrin subunit expression and directly interacts with the β4 integrin subunit. We still showed that P-cadherin downstream signaling, in response to laminin, involves the activation of focal adhesion (FAK), Src and AKT kinases. The association between the expression of P-cadherin, α6β4 heterodimer and the active FAK and Src phosphorylated forms was validated in vivo. Our data establish that there is a crosstalk between P-cadherin and the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin signaling pathway, which link has never been previously described. The activation of this heterodimer explains the stem cell and invasive properties induced by P-cadherin to breast cancer cells, pointing to a new molecular mechanism that may be targeted to counteract the effects induced by this adhesion molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Vieira
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Ribeiro AS, Paredes J. P-Cadherin Linking Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Invasion: A Promising Marker to Identify an "Intermediate/Metastable" EMT State. Front Oncol 2015; 4:371. [PMID: 25601904 PMCID: PMC4283504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (also known as EMT) is a fundamental mechanism occurring during embryonic development and tissue differentiation, being also crucial for cancer progression. Actually, the EMT program contributes to the dissemination of cancer cells from solid tumors and to the formation of micro-metastasis that subsequently develop into clinically detectable metastases. Besides being a process that is defined by the progressive loss of epithelial cell characteristics and the acquisition of mesenchymal features, EMT has also been implicated in therapy resistance, immune escape, and maintenance of cancer stem cell properties, such as self-renewal capacity. However, the majority of the studies usually neglect the progressive alterations occurring during intermediate EMT states, which imply a range of phenotypic cellular heterogeneity that can potentially generate more metastable and plastic tumor cells. In fact, few studies have tried to identify these transitory states, partly due to the current lack of a detailed understanding of EMT, as well as of reliable readouts for its progression. Herein, a brief review of evidences is presented, showing that P-cadherin expression, which has been already identified as a breast cancer stem cell marker and invasive promoter, is probably able to identify an intermediate EMT state associated with a metastable phenotype. This hypothesis is based on our own work, as well as on the results described by others, which suggest the use of P-cadherin as a promising EMT marker, clearly functioning as an important clinical prognostic factor and putative therapeutic target in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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19
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Figueira AC, Gomes C, de Oliveira JT, Vilhena H, Carvalheira J, de Matos AJF, Pereira PD, Gärtner F. Aberrant P-cadherin expression is associated to aggressive feline mammary carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:270. [PMID: 25424750 PMCID: PMC4254012 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion glycoproteins playing a critical role in the formation and maintenance of normal tissue architecture. In normal mammary gland, E-cadherin is expressed by luminal epithelial cells, while P-cadherin is restricted to myoepithelial cells. Changes in the expression of classical E- and P-cadherins have been observed in mammary lesions and related to mammary carcinogenesis. P-cadherin and E-cadherin expressions were studied in a series of feline normal mammary glands, hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions, benign and malignant tumours by immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence. RESULTS In normal tissue and in the majority of hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions and benign tumours, P-cadherin was restricted to myoepithelial cells, while 80% of the malignant tumours expressed P-cadherin in luminal epithelial cells. P-cadherin expression was significantly related to high histological grade of carcinomas (p <0.0001), tumour necrosis (p = 0.001), infiltrative growth (p = 0.0051), and presence of neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0401). Moreover, P-cadherin positive carcinomas had an eightfold likelihood of developing neoplastic emboli than negative tumours. Cadherins expression profile in high grade and in infiltrative tumours was similar, the majority expressing P-cadherin, regardless of E-cadherin expression status. The two cadherins were found to be co-expressed in carcinomas with aberrant P-cadherin expression and preserved E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a relationship between P-cadherin expression and aggressive biological behaviour of feline mammary carcinomas, suggesting that P-cadherin may be considered an indicator of poor prognosis in this animal species. Moreover, it indicates that, in queens, the aberrant expression of P-cadherin is a better marker of mammary carcinomas aggressive behaviour than the reduction of E-cadherin expression. Further investigation with follow-up studies in feline species should be conducted in order to evaluate the prognostic value of P-cadherin expression in E-cadherin positive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Figueira
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário de Lordemão, Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Tavares de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Vilhena
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário de Lordemão, Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga (HVBV), Estrada Nacional 1, 355, Segadães, 3750-742, Águeda, Portugal. .,Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Júlio Carvalheira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Augusto J F de Matos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro Alimentares (ICETA), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua D. Manuel II, ap° 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Sousa B, Ribeiro AS, Nobre AR, Lopes N, Martins D, Pinheiro C, Vieira AF, Albergaria A, Gerhard R, Schmitt F, Baltazar F, Paredes J. The basal epithelial marker P-cadherin associates with breast cancer cell populations harboring a glycolytic and acid-resistant phenotype. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:734. [PMID: 25269858 PMCID: PMC4190447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells are hypoxia-resistant and present a preponderant glycolytic metabolism. These characteristics are also found in basal-like breast carcinomas (BLBC), which show increased expression of cancer stem cell markers. Recently, we demonstrated that P-cadherin, a biomarker of BLBC and a poor prognostic factor in this disease, mediates stem-like properties and resistance to radiation therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if P-cadherin expression was associated to breast cancer cell populations with an adapted phenotype to hypoxia. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to address the expression of P-cadherin, hypoxic, glycolytic and acid-resistance biomarkers in primary human breast carcinomas. In vitro studies were performed using basal-like breast cancer cell lines. qRT-PCR, FACS analysis, western blotting and confocal microscopy were used to assess the expression of P-cadherin after HIF-1α stabilization, achieved by CoCl2 treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown was used to silence the expression of several targets and qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate the effects of P-cadherin on HIF-1α signaling. P-cadherin high and low breast cancer cell populations were sorted by FACS and levels of GLUT1 and CAIX were assessed by FACS and western blotting. Mammosphere forming efficiency was used to determine the stem cell activity after specific siRNA-mediated knockdown, further confirmed by western blotting. Results We demonstrated that P-cadherin overexpression was significantly associated with the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, CAIX, MCT1 and CD147 in human breast carcinomas. In vitro, we showed that HIF-1α stabilization was accompanied by increased membrane expression of P-cadherin and that P-cadherin silencing led to a decrease of the mRNA levels of GLUT1 and CAIX. We also found that the cell fractions harboring high levels of P-cadherin were the same exhibiting more GLUT1 and CAIX expression. Finally, we showed that P-cadherin silencing significantly decreases the mammosphere forming efficiency in the same range as the silencing of HIF-1α, CAIX or GLUT1, validating that all these markers are being expressed by the same breast cancer stem cell population. Conclusions Our results establish a link between aberrant P-cadherin expression and hypoxic, glycolytic and acid-resistant breast cancer cells, suggesting a possible role for this marker in cancer cell metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-734) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana Paredes
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
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21
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Li C, Ma H, Wang Y, Cao Z, Graves-Deal R, Powell AE, Starchenko A, Ayers GD, Washington MK, Kamath V, Desai K, Gerdes MJ, Solnica-Krezel L, Coffey RJ. Excess PLAC8 promotes an unconventional ERK2-dependent EMT in colon cancer. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2172-87. [PMID: 24691442 DOI: 10.1172/jci71103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcriptional program is characterized by repression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and induction of N-cadherin (CDH2), and mesenchymal genes like vimentin (VIM). Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) has been implicated in colon cancer; however, how PLAC8 contributes to disease is unknown, and endogenous PLAC8 protein has not been studied. We analyzed zebrafish and human tissues and found that endogenous PLAC8 localizes to the apical domain of differentiated intestinal epithelium. Colon cancer cells with elevated PLAC8 levels exhibited EMT features, including increased expression of VIM and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), aberrant cell motility, and increased invasiveness. In contrast to classical EMT, PLAC8 overexpression reduced cell surface CDH1 and upregulated P-cadherin (CDH3) without affecting CDH2 expression. PLAC8-induced EMT was linked to increased phosphorylated ERK2 (p-ERK2), and ERK2 knockdown restored cell surface CDH1 and suppressed CDH3, VIM, and ZEB1 upregulation. In vitro, PLAC8 directly bound and inactivated the ERK2 phosphatase DUSP6, thereby increasing p-ERK2. In a murine xenograft model, knockdown of endogenous PLAC8 in colon cancer cells resulted in smaller tumors, reduced local invasion, and decreased p-ERK2. Using MultiOmyx, a multiplex immunofluorescence-based methodology, we observed coexpression of cytosolic PLAC8, CDH3, and VIM at the leading edge of a human colorectal tumor, supporting a role for PLAC8 in cancer invasion in vivo.
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22
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Goto N, Hiyoshi H, Ito I, Iida K, Nakajima Y, Nagasawa K, Yanagisawa J. Identification of a Novel Compound That Suppresses Breast Cancer Invasiveness by Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling via Estrogen Receptor α. J Cancer 2014; 5:336-43. [PMID: 24723976 PMCID: PMC3982180 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death by cancer among females worldwide. An overwhelming majority of these deaths is because of metastasis. Estrogen stimulates and promotes growth of breast tumors, whereas transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling promotes invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) suppressed breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling, whereas antiestrogens that suppress breast cancer growth, such as the selective ER modulator tamoxifen (TAM) or the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), cannot suppress TGF-β signaling or breast cancer invasiveness. Therefore, we predicted that a compound that inhibits TGF-β signaling but does not facilitate ERα signaling would be ideal for suppressing breast cancer invasiveness and growth. In the present study, we identified an ideal candidate compound, N-23. Like estrogen, N-23 strongly decreased expression of TGF-β/Smad target gene plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), but it did not increase the expression of ERα target gene pS2. While estrogen decreased the levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, N-23 had no effect. In addition, TGF-β-dependent recruitment of Smad3 to the PAI-1 gene promoter was inhibited in the presence of estrogen or N-23. We also investigated the effects of N-23 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. In contrast to estrogen, N-23 inhibited the cellular proliferation of breast cancer cells. Moreover, we showed that N-23 suppressed the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells to the same extent as by estrogen. Taken together, our findings indicate that N-23 may be a candidate compound that is effective in inhibiting breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuka Goto
- 1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiyoshi
- 1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan. ; 2. Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ichiaki Ito
- 1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- 3. Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology-TUAT, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 185-0031, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakajima
- 1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan. ; 2. Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- 3. Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology-TUAT, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 185-0031, Japan
| | - Junn Yanagisawa
- 1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan. ; 2. Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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23
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Bernardes N, Ribeiro AS, Abreu S, Vieira AF, Carreto L, Santos M, Seruca R, Paredes J, Fialho AM. High-throughput molecular profiling of a P-cadherin overexpressing breast cancer model reveals new targets for the anti-cancer bacterial protein azurin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:1-9. [PMID: 24509127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azurin is a bacterial protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which exerts an inhibitory activity in cancer cells. In P-cadherin-overexpressing models, a bad prognosis marker in breast cancer increasing invasion and other malignant features, azurin decreases the invasion of cancer cells. We performed a microarray analysis to compare the expression profile of azurin treated cells with different P-cadherin expression levels. Azurin up-regulated apoptosis mediated by p53 protein, endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transport. In the contrary, in invasive MCF-7/AZ.Pcad cells, azurin decreased the expression of genes associated with cell surface receptors and signal transduction, as well as biological adhesion. Further, azurin decreased adhesion of cells to proteins from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and altered protein expression of integrins α6, β4 and β1 and interfered with the ability of these cells to form mammospheres. Altogether, our results further enlighten the anti-cancer effects mediated by azurin in P-cadherin overexpression breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Bernardes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Abreu
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André F Vieira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Carreto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
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24
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The bacterial protein azurin impairs invasion and FAK/Src signaling in P-cadherin-overexpressing breast cancer cell models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69023. [PMID: 23894398 PMCID: PMC3716805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin overexpression occurs in about 30% of all breast carcinomas, being a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. In a cellular background of wild-type E-cadherin, we have previously shown that its expression promotes invasion, motility and migration of breast cancer cells due to the induced secretion of metalloproteases (MMPs) to the extracellular medium and to the concomitant shedding of a pro-invasive soluble form of this protein (sP-cad). Azurin is secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and induces in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity after its preferential penetration in human cancer cells relative to normal cells. Three different breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7/AZ.Mock, MCF-7/AZ.Pcad and SUM149 were treated with sub-killing doses of azurin. Invasion of these cells was measured using Matrigel Invasion Assays and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability upon treatment and the effects on cadherins expression was determined by Western blot and Immunofluorescence. Gelatin Zymography was used to determine activity of MMP2 in the conditioned media of azurin treated and untreated cells and the phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling proteins were determined by Western blot. The invasive phenotype of these breast cancer cells was significantly reduced by azurin. Azurin (50–100 µM) also caused a specific decrease on P-cadherin protein levels from 30–50% in MCF-7/AZ.Pcad and SUM149 breast cancer cell lines, but the levels of E-cadherin remain unaltered. More, the levels of sP-cad and the activity of MMP2 were reduced in the extracellular media of azurin treated cells and we also observed a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of both FAK and Src proteins. Our data show that azurin specifically targets P-cadherin, not E-cadherin, abrogating P-cadherin-mediated invasive effects and signaling. Therefore, azurin could possibly be considered a therapeutic tool to treat poor-prognosis breast carcinomas overexpressing P-cadherin in a wild type E-cadherin context.
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Albergaria A, Resende C, Nobre AR, Ribeiro AS, Sousa B, Machado JC, Seruca R, Paredes J, Schmitt F. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) isoforms as transcriptional regulators of the pro-invasive CDH3/P-cadherin gene in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55749. [PMID: 23405208 PMCID: PMC3566012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule codified by the CDH3 gene, which expression is highly associated with undifferentiated cells in normal adult epithelial tissues, as well as with poorly differentiated carcinomas. In breast cancer, P-cadherin is frequently overexpressed in high-grade tumours and is a well-established indicator of aggressive tumour behaviour and poor patient prognosis. However, till now, the mechanisms controlling CDH3 gene activation have been poorly explored. Since we recently described the existence of several CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor binding sites at the CDH3 promoter, the aim of this study was to assess if the distinct C/EBPβ isoforms were directly involved in the transcriptional activation of the CDH3 gene in breast cancer cells. DNA-protein interactions, mutation analysis and luciferase reporter assay studies have been performed. We demonstrated that C/EBPβ is co-expressed with P-cadherin in breast cancer cells and all the three isoforms function as transcriptional regulators of the CDH3 gene, directly interacting with specific regions of its promoter. Interestingly, this transcriptional activation was only reflected at the P-cadherin protein level concerning the LIP isoform. Taken together, our data show that CDH3 is a newly defined transcriptional target gene of C/EBPβ isoforms in breast cancer, and we also identified the binding sites that are relevant for this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Albergaria
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Resende
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Nobre
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Sousa
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Ribeiro AS, Sousa B, Carreto L, Mendes N, Nobre AR, Ricardo S, Albergaria A, Cameselle-Teijeiro JF, Gerhard R, Söderberg O, Seruca R, Santos MA, Schmitt F, Paredes J. P-cadherin functional role is dependent on E-cadherin cellular context: a proof of concept using the breast cancer model. J Pathol 2013. [PMID: 23180380 DOI: 10.1002/path.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
P-cadherin overexpression is associated with worse breast cancer survival, being a poor prognostic marker as well as a putative therapeutic target for the aggressive triple-negative and basal-like carcinomas (TNBCs). Previously, we have shown that P-cadherin promotes breast cancer invasion of cells where membrane E-cadherin was maintained; however, it suppresses invasion in models without endogenous cadherins, like melanomas. Here, we investigated if P-cadherin expression would interfere with the normal adhesion complex and which were the cellular/molecular consequences, constituting, in this way, a new mechanism by which E-cadherin invasive-suppressor function was disrupted. Using breast TNBC models, we demonstrated, for the first time, that P-cadherin co-localizes with E-cadherin, promoting cell invasion due to the disruption caused in the interaction between E-cadherin and cytoplasmic catenins. P-cadherin also induces cell migration and survival, modifying the expression profile of cells expressing wild-type E-cadherin and contributing to alter their cellular behaviour. Additionally, E- and P-cadherin co-expressing cells significantly enhanced in vivo tumour growth, compared with cells expressing only E- or only P-cadherin. Finally, we still found that co-expression of both molecules was significantly correlated with high-grade breast carcinomas, biologically aggressive, and with poor patient survival, being a strong prognostic factor in this disease. Our results show a role for E- and P-cadherin co-expression in breast cancer progression and highlight the potential benefit of targeting P-cadherin in the aggressive tumours expressing high levels of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, Porto, Portugal
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Arai M, Matsuzaki T, Ihara S. Wound Closure on the Neonatal Rat Skin II. The Potential Ability of Epidermis to Close Small-Sized Wounds Independently of the Underlying Dermis. Cell 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2013.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cadherin cell adhesion system in canine mammary cancer: a review. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:357187. [PMID: 22973534 PMCID: PMC3432389 DOI: 10.1155/2012/357187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes play important roles by providing cell-cell adhesion and communication in different organ systems. Abnormal expression of cadherin adhesion molecules constitutes a common phenomenon in canine mammary cancer and has been frequently implicated in tumour progression. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on cadherin/catenin adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and P-cadherin) in canine mammary cancer, focusing on the putative biological functions and clinical significance of these molecules in this disease. This paper highlights the need for further research studies in this setting in order to elucidate the role of these adhesion molecules during tumour progression and metastasis.
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Lopes N, Paredes J, Costa JL, Ylstra B, Schmitt F. Vitamin D and the mammary gland: a review on its role in normal development and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:211. [PMID: 22676419 PMCID: PMC3446331 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with diverse biological behaviours and clinical outcome. Although some molecular subgroups of breast cancer have a targeted therapy, the most aggressive tumours still lack a molecular target. Despite vitamin D being classically associated with the physiological role of calcium regulation and phosphate transport in bone metabolism, several studies have demonstrated a wide range of functions for this hormone, which are particularly important in the field of cancer. The mechanisms underlying the protective actions of vitamin D in cancer development are only sparsely understood, but evidence shows that vitamin D participates in cell growth regulation, apoptosis and cell differentiation. In addition, it has been implicated in the suppression of cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Most of vitamin D biological actions are mediated by the vitamin D receptor and the synthesis and catabolism of this hormone are regulated by the enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. In the present review we highlight research data concerning the function of this hormone in the mammary gland, with a special focus on breast carcinogenesis. Hence, and although the available data are controversial, we consider not only updated information on the epidemiology of vitamin D in breast cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic agent or prophylactic (with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and effectors of vitamin D action), but include data on its role in other stages of breast cancer progression as well. Accordingly, we review data on the influence of vitamin D in the development of normal breast and the expression of vitamin D-related proteins (VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A21) in benign mammary lesions and ductal carcinomas in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Paredes J, Figueiredo J, Albergaria A, Oliveira P, Carvalho J, Ribeiro AS, Caldeira J, Costa AM, Simões-Correia J, Oliveira MJ, Pinheiro H, Pinho SS, Mateus R, Reis CA, Leite M, Fernandes MS, Schmitt F, Carneiro F, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Seruca R. Epithelial E- and P-cadherins: role and clinical significance in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:297-311. [PMID: 22613680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin and P-cadherin are major contributors to cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues, playing pivotal roles in important morphogenetic and differentiation processes during development, and in maintaining integrity and homeostasis in adult tissues. It is now generally accepted that alterations in these two molecules are observed during tumour progression of most carcinomas. Genetic or epigenetic alterations in E- and P-cadherin-encoding genes (CDH1 and CDH3, respectively), or alterations in their proteins expression, often result in tissue disorder, cellular de-differentiation, increased invasiveness of tumour cells and ultimately in metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the major properties of E- and P-cadherin molecules, its regulation in normal tissue, and their alterations and role in cancer, with a specific focus on gastric and breast cancer models.
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Vieira AF, Ricardo S, Ablett MP, Dionísio MR, Mendes N, Albergaria A, Farnie G, Gerhard R, Cameselle-Teijeiro JF, Seruca R, Schmitt F, Clarke RB, Paredes J. P-Cadherin Is Coexpressed with CD44 and CD49f and Mediates Stem Cell Properties in Basal-like Breast Cancer. Stem Cells 2012; 30:854-64. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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P-cadherin expression and basal-like subtype in breast cancers. Med Oncol 2012; 29:2606-12. [PMID: 22467076 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered as one of the multifactorial diseases. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between P-cadherin and molecular subtypes of breast cancer, especially the basal-like subtype. Two hundred and thirteen breast-invasive ductal carcinomas were involved in this study. The expressions of P-cadherin were detected via immunohistochemistry. The 213 cases were divided into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression subtype, and normal breast-like and basal-like subtypes according to the standard of molecular breast cancer subtypes. In addition, the expressions of CK5/6 and CK14 were detected to distinguish between the normal breast-like and the basal-like subtypes. P-cadherin expression was found in 91 cases of 213 breast-invasive ductal carcinomas, with a positive rate of 42.7%. P-cadherin correlated negatively with estrogen receptor (ER) (p=0.001) and progesterone receptor (p=0.001), whereas it positively correlated with histologic grade (p=0.003), NPI (p=0.005), p53 (p=0.038), and Ki67 (p=0.022). P-cadherin expression showed a strong correlation with recurrence and distant metastasis (p=0.009), and invasion of the vascular and soft tissues (p=0.004). Moreover, P-cadherin expression existed in the basal-like and non-basal-like subtypes. During prognosis, P-cadherin expression was associated with decreased disease-free survival in patients (p=0.009) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.005). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that tumor grade (p=0.021), ER (p=0.015), clinical stage (p=0.001), and P-cadherin (p=0.033) were significant predictors of OS. The current data suggest that P-cadherin may be used to distinguish the basal-like subtype and to predict the outcome in view of the relationship with DFS and OS. Furthermore, P-cadherin expression may be useful in making treatment decisions.
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Weng CJ, Yen GC. Flavonoids, a ubiquitous dietary phenolic subclass, exert extensive in vitro anti-invasive and in vivo anti-metastatic activities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:323-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Beauchemin D, Lacombe C, Van Themsche C. PAX2 is activated by estradiol in breast cancer cells of the luminal subgroup selectively, to confer a low invasive phenotype. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:148. [PMID: 22168360 PMCID: PMC3264528 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the leading cause of death among breast cancer patients. Identifying key cellular factors controlling invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells should pave the way to new therapeutic strategies efficiently interfering with the metastatic process. PAX2 (paired box 2) transcription factor is expressed by breast cancer cells in vivo and recently, it was shown to negatively regulate the expression of ERBB2 (erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, HER-2/neu), a well-documented pro-invasive and pro-metastastic gene, in luminal/ERalpha-positive (ERα+) breast cancer cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate a putative role for PAX2 in the control of luminal breast cancer cells invasion, and to begin to characterize its regulation. RESULTS PAX2 activity was higher in cell lines from luminal compared to non-luminal subtype, and activation of PAX2 by estradiol was selectively achieved in breast cancer cell lines of the luminal subtype. This process was blocked by ICI 182780 and could be antagonized by IGF-1. Knockdown of PAX2 in luminal MCF-7 cells completely abrogated estradiol-induced downregulation of ERBB2 and decrease of cell invasion, whereas overexpression of PAX2 in these cells enhanced estradiol effects on ERBB2 levels and cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that PAX2 activation by estradiol is selectively achieved in breast cancer cells of the luminal subtype, via ERα, and identifies IGF-1 as a negative regulator of PAX2 activity in these cells. Further, it reveals a new role for PAX2 in the maintenance of a low invasive behavior in luminal breast cancer cells upon exposure to estradiol, and shows that overexpression and activation of PAX2 in these cells is sufficient to reduce their invasive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beauchemin
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7 Canada
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Goto N, Hiyoshi H, Ito I, Tsuchiya M, Nakajima Y, Yanagisawa J. Estrogen and antiestrogens alter breast cancer invasiveness by modulating the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1501-8. [PMID: 21564419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the later stages of breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER)α-negative cancers typically have higher histological grades than ERα-positive cancers, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promotes invasion and metastasis. Our previous study indicated that ERα inhibited TGF-β signaling by inducing the degradation of Smad in an estrogen-dependent manner. In the present study, we report that the suppressive effects of ERα and estrogen on tumor progression are mediated by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of antiestrogens such as ICI182,780 (ICI) or tamoxifen (TAM) on TGF-β signaling and breast cancer invasiveness. The levels of total Smad and pSmad were reduced by estrogen, whereas ICI slightly increased them, and TAM had no effect. To investigate the effect of antiestrogens on breast cancer invasiveness, we generated highly migratory and invasive MCF-7-M5 cells. The migration and invasion of these cells were suppressed by the inhibitor of TGF-β receptor kinase, SB-505124, and estrogen. However, antiestrogens did not suppress the migration and invasion of these cells. In addition, we screened TGF-β target genes whose expression was reduced by estrogen treatment and identified four genes associated with breast cancer invasiveness and poor prognosis. The expression of these genes was not decreased by antiestrogens. These observations provide a new insight into estrogen function and the mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated suppression of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuka Goto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Signaling mechanism of cell adhesion molecules in breast cancer metastasis: potential therapeutic targets. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128:7-21. [PMID: 21499686 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastatic spread of cancer cells is a complicated process that requires considerable flexibility in the adhesive properties of both tumor cells and other interacting cells. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are membrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and are essential for transducing intracellular signals responsible for adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogensis, and organ-specific metastasis. This review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding on the biological functions, signaling mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials of important CAMs involved in breast cancer metastasis.
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Van Marck V, Stove C, Jacobs K, Van den Eynden G, Bracke M. P-cadherin in adhesion and invasion: opposite roles in colon and bladder carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1031-44. [PMID: 20473917 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neoexpression or upregulation of placental cadherin (P-cadherin), a member of the classical cadherin family, has previously been described in several carcinomas, such as colorectal and bladder carcinomas. In this study, we combined two different approaches, immunohistochemistry of tumor samples and in vitro knockdown of P-cadherin, to gain a better insight into the role of P-cadherin in these types of cancer. First, we performed immunohistochemistry for P- and E-cadherins in a series of 52 colorectal adenocarcinomas, including well, moderately and poorly differentiated (WD, MD, and PD) tumors. Decrease or loss of P-cadherin neoexpression was significantly associated with a higher tumor grade and could discriminate WD from MD and/or PD tumors (p < 0.001). E-cadherin, on the other hand, was strongly expressed at the membrane of most WD (18 of 19) and MD tumors (15 of 19). Downregulation correlated significantly with the PD phenotype (p ≤ 0.001). In a second approach, we transiently or stably knocked down P-cadherin in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. This led to decreased intercellular adhesion and to an increased migratory and long-term invasive phenotype compared with control HT-29 cells, suggesting that P-cadherin acts as a proadhesive and anti-invasive/antimigratory molecule in colon carcinoma cells. Contrasting with these results and illustrating the context-specific function of P-cadherin were our results obtained in RT-112 bladder carcinoma cells. Stable knockdown of P-cadherin in RT-112 cells diminished invasion and migration, and promoted intercellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Van Marck
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ribeiro AS, Carreto LC, Albergaria A, Sousa B, Ricardo S, Milanezi F, Seruca R, Santos MA, Schmitt F, Paredes J. Co-expression of E- and P-cadherin in breast cancer: role as an invasion suppressor or as an invasion promoter? BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fu XD, Russo E, Zullino S, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Sex steroids and breast cancer metastasis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2010; 3:383-9. [PMID: 25961210 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids, particularly estrogen and progesterone, promote normal breast tissue growth and differentiation. Prolonged exposure of estrogen and/or progesterone is considered a risk factor for breast cancer carcinogenesis, and the effects of sex steroids on breast cancer metastasis are controversial. Emerging evidence indicates that sex steroids regulate breast cancer metastatic processes via nongenomic and genomic mechanisms. Through the regulation of actin-binding proteins estrogen and progesterone rapidly provoke actin cytoskeleton reorganization in breast cancer cells, leading to formation of membrane structures facilitating breast cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, steroid receptors interact and trans-activate receptor tyrosine kinases (including epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor), resulting in growth factor-like effects that promote cancer cell invasive behavior. Moreover, sex steroids regulate the expression of metastasis-associated molecules, such as E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, chemokines and their receptors, leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition. However, there is also evidence that sex steroids and their receptors protect against breast cancer cell invasiveness through distinct mechanisms. Here, we present an overview of the currently identified actions of sex steroids on breast cancer metastasis and their potential clinical implications.
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Jacobs K, Van Gele M, Forsyth R, Brochez L, Vanhoecke B, De Wever O, Bracke M. P-cadherin counteracts myosin II-B function: implications in melanoma progression. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:255. [PMID: 20860798 PMCID: PMC2949802 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation of melanocytes is frequently attended by a switch in cadherin expression profile as shown for E- and N-cadherin. For P-cadherin, downregulation in metastasizing melanoma has been demonstrated, and over-expression of P-cadherin in melanoma cell lines has been shown to inhibit invasion. The strong invasive and metastatic nature of cutaneous melanoma implies a deregulated interplay between intercellular adhesion and migration-related molecules RESULTS In this study we performed a microarray analysis to compare the mRNA expression profile of an invasive BLM melanoma cell line (BLM LIE) and the non-invasive P-cadherin over-expression variant (BLM P-cad). Results indicate that nonmuscle myosin II-B is downregulated in BLM P-cad. Moreover, myosin II-B plays a major role in melanoma migration and invasiveness by retracting the tail during the migratory cycle, as shown by the localization of myosin II-B stress fibers relative to Golgi and the higher levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain. Analysis of P-cadherin and myosin II-B in nodular melanoma sections and in a panel of melanoma cell lines further confirmed that there is an inverse relationship between both molecules. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we conclude that P-cadherin counteracts the expression and function of myosin II-B, resulting in the suppression of the invasive and migratory behaviour of BLM melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Jacobs
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Zhang CC, Yan Z, Zhang Q, Kuszpit K, Zasadny K, Qiu M, Painter CL, Wong A, Kraynov E, Arango ME, Mehta PP, Popoff I, Casperson GF, Los G, Bender S, Anderes K, Christensen JG, VanArsdale T. PF-03732010: a fully human monoclonal antibody against P-cadherin with antitumor and antimetastatic activity. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5177-88. [PMID: 20829331 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE P-cadherin is a membrane glycoprotein that functionally mediates tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, and invasiveness. We characterized the biological properties of PF-03732010, a human monoclonal antibody against P-cadherin, in cell-based assays and tumor models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The affinity, selectivity, and cellular inhibitory activity of PF-03732010 were tested in vitro. Multiple orthotopic and metastatic tumor models were used for assessing the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of PF-03732010. Treatment-associated pharmacodynamic changes were also investigated. RESULTS PF-03732010 selectively inhibits P-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and aggregation in vitro. In the P-cadherin-overexpressing tumor models, including MDA-MB-231-CDH3, 4T1-CDH3, MDA-MB-435HAL-CDH3, HCT116, H1650, PC3M-CDH3, and DU145, PF-03732010 inhibited the growth of primary tumors and metastatic progression, as determined by bioluminescence imaging. Computed tomography imaging, H&E stain, and quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the antimetastatic activity of PF-03732010. In contrast, PF-03732010 did not show antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy in the counterpart tumor models exhibiting low P-cadherin expression. Mechanistic studies via immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical analyses, and 3'-[(18)F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine-positron emission tomography imaging revealed that PF-03732010 suppressed P-cadherin levels, caused degradation of membrane β-catenin, and concurrently suppressed cytoplasmic vimentin, resulting in diminished metastatic capacity. Changes in the levels of Ki67, caspase-3, and 3'-[(18)F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine tracer uptake also indicated antiproliferative activity and increased apoptosis in the tested xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that interrupting the P-cadherin signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. PF-03732010 is presently undergoing evaluation in Phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy C Zhang
- Translational Research Group in Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Albergaria A, Ribeiro AS, Pinho S, Milanezi F, Carneiro V, Sousa B, Sousa S, Oliveira C, Machado JC, Seruca R, Paredes J, Schmitt F. ICI 182,780 induces P-cadherin overexpression in breast cancer cells through chromatin remodelling at the promoter level: a role for C/EBP in CDH3 gene activation. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2554-66. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Abstract
We review the role of cadherins and cadherin-related proteins in human cancer. Cellular and animal models for human cancer are also dealt with whenever appropriate. E-cadherin is the prototype of the large cadherin superfamily and is renowned for its potent malignancy suppressing activity. Different mechanisms for inactivating E-cadherin/CDH1 have been identified in human cancers: inherited and somatic mutations, aberrant protein processing, increased promoter methylation, and induction of transcriptional repressors such as Snail and ZEB family members. The latter induce epithelial mesenchymal transition, which is also associated with induction of "mesenchymal" cadherins, a hallmark of tumor progression. VE-cadherin/CDH5 plays a role in tumor-associated angiogenesis. The atypical T-cadherin/CDH13 is often silenced in cancer cells but up-regulated in tumor vasculature. The review also covers the status of protocadherins and several other cadherin-related molecules in human cancer. Perspectives for emerging cadherin-related anticancer therapies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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Extracellular cleavage and shedding of P-cadherin: a mechanism underlying the invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 29:392-402. [PMID: 19901964 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is an elementary process in normal epithelial cellular architecture. Several studies have shown the role mediated by cadherins in this process, besides their role in the maintenance of cell polarity, differentiation and cell growth. However, during tumour progression, these molecules are frequently altered. In breast cancer, tumours that overexpress P-cadherin usually present a high histological grade, show decreased cell polarity and are associated with worse patient survival. However, little is known about how this protein dictates the very aggressive behaviour of these tumours. To achieve this goal, we set up two breast cancer cell models, where P-cadherin expression was differently modulated and analysed in terms of cell invasion, motility and migration. We show that P-cadherin overexpression, in breast cancer cells with wild-type E-cadherin, promotes cell invasion, motility and migration. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of P-cadherin induces the secretion of matrix metalloproteases, specifically MMP-1 and MMP-2, which then lead to P-cadherin ectodomain cleavage. Further, we showed that soluble P-cadherin fragment is able to induce in vitro invasion of breast cancer cells. Overall, our results contribute to elucidate the mechanism underlying the invasive behaviour of P-cadherin expressing breast tumours.
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45
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Askautrud HA, Gjernes E, Størvold GL, Lindeberg MM, Thorsen J, Prydz H, Frengen E. Regulated expression of a transgene introduced on an oriP/EBNA-1 PAC shuttle vector into human cells. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:88. [PMID: 19835613 PMCID: PMC2770504 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing of the human genome has led to most genes being available in BAC or PAC vectors. However, limited functional information has been assigned to most of these genes. Techniques for the manipulation and transfer of complete functional units on large DNA fragments into human cells are crucial for the analysis of complete genes in their natural genomic context. One limitation of the functional studies using these vectors is the low transfection frequency. RESULTS We have constructed a shuttle vector, pPAC7, which contains both the EBNA-1 gene and oriP from the Epstein-Barr virus allowing stable maintenance of PAC clones in the nucleus of human cells. The pPAC7 vector also contains the EGFP reporter gene, which allows direct monitoring of the presence of PAC constructs in transfected cells, and the Bsr-cassette that allows highly efficient and rapid selection in mammalian cells by use of blasticidin. Positive selection for recombinant PAC clones is obtained in pPAC7 because the cloning sites are located within the SacBII gene. We show regulated expression of the CDH3 gene carried as a 132 kb genomic insert cloned into pPAC7, demonstrating that the pPAC7 vector can be used for functional studies of genes in their natural genomic context. Furthermore, the results from the transfection of a range of pPAC7 based constructs into two human cell lines suggest that the transfection efficiencies are not only dependent on construct size. CONCLUSION The shuttle vector pPAC7 can be used to transfer large genomic constructs into human cells. The genes transferred could potentially contain all long-range regulatory elements, including their endogenous regulatory promoters. Introduction of complete genes in PACs into human cells would potentially allow complementation assays to identify or verify the function of genes affecting cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne A Askautrud
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ullevål University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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46
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Sarrió D, Palacios J, Hergueta-Redondo M, Gómez-López G, Cano A, Moreno-Bueno G. Functional characterization of E- and P-cadherin in invasive breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:74. [PMID: 19257890 PMCID: PMC2656544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in the cadherin-catenin adhesion complexes are involved in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. However, the functional implication of distinct cadherin types in breast cancer biology is still poorly understood. Methods To compare the functional role of E-cadherin and P-cadherin in invasive breast cancer, we stably transfected these molecules into the MDA-MB-231 cell line, and investigated their effects on motility, invasion and gene expression regulation. Results Expression of either E- and P-cadherin significantly increased cell aggregation and induced a switch from fibroblastic to epithelial morphology. Although expression of these cadherins did not completely reverse the mesenchymal phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells, both E- and P-cadherin decreased fibroblast-like migration and invasion through extracellular matrix in a similar way. Moreover, microarray gene expression analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells after expression of E- and P-cadherins revealed that these molecules can activate signaling pathways leading to significant changes in gene expression. Although the expression patterns induced by E- and P-cadherin showed more similarities than differences, 40 genes were differentially modified by the expression of either cadherin type. Conclusion E- and P-cadherin have similar functional consequences on the phenotype and invasive behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that these cadherins can induce both common and specific gene expression programs on invasive breast cancer cells. Importantly, these identified genes are potential targets for future studies on the functional consequences of altered cadherin expression in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarrió
- Department of Biochemistry UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Mandeville JA, Neto BS, Vanni AJ, Smith GL, Rieger-Christ KM, Zeheb R, Loda M, Libertino JA, Summerhayes IC. P-cadherin as a prognostic indicator and a modulator of migratory behaviour in bladder carcinoma cells. BJU Int 2008; 102:1707-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bryan RT, Atherfold PA, Yeo Y, Jones LJ, Harrison RF, Wallace DMA, Jankowski JA. Cadherin switching dictates the biology of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: ex vivo and in vitro studies. J Pathol 2008; 215:184-94. [PMID: 18393367 DOI: 10.1002/path.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the UK. Clinically, the most important process in determining prognosis is the development of invasion, initially of the lamina propria and then beyond as these transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) progress from stage pT1 to stages T2+. Cadherins and catenins are the main mediators of cell-cell interactions in epithelial tissues, and loss of membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity is strongly correlated with high grade, advanced stage and poor prognosis in bladder cancer and other malignancies. However, the role of P-cadherin is yet to be fully elucidated in bladder TCC. The objectives of this study were to establish how the expression of cadherins and catenins determines clinical and in vitro behaviour in bladder TCC. Utilizing immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin as grade and stage of bladder TCC progress, accompanied by a significant increase in P-cadherin expression (all p < 0.05, Pearson's chi2 test). Increased P-cadherin expression was also associated with a significantly worse bladder cancer-specific survival (log rank p = 0.008), with Cox regression showing P-cadherin to be an independent prognostic factor. Utilizing a variety of tissue culture models in a range of functional studies, we demonstrated that P-cadherin mediates defective cell-cell adhesion and enhances anchorage-independent growth. The results provide evidence that increased P-cadherin expression promotes a more malignant and invasive phenotype of bladder cancer, and appears to have a novel role late in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Bryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Paredes J, Correia AL, Ribeiro AS, Albergaria A, Milanezi F, Schmitt FC. P-cadherin expression in breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 9:214. [PMID: 18001487 PMCID: PMC2242663 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is frequently over-expressed in high-grade invasive breast carcinomas and has been reported to be an enhancer of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, being correlated with tumour aggressiveness. In addition, expression of P-cadherin is well established as an indicator of poor prognosis in human breast cancer, which has stimulated our interest in studying its role in this setting. This review describes the most important findings on P-cadherin expression and function in normal mammary tissue and breast cancer cells, emphasizing that further research is required to elucidate the role played by this protein in human mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Paredes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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50
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Fanelli MA, Montt-Guevara M, Diblasi AM, Gago FE, Tello O, Cuello-Carrión FD, Callegari E, Bausero MA, Ciocca DR. P-cadherin and beta-catenin are useful prognostic markers in breast cancer patients; beta-catenin interacts with heat shock protein Hsp27. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:207-20. [PMID: 18320359 PMCID: PMC2673888 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-007-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin proteins have in common with heat shock proteins (HSP) the capacity to bind/interact proteins of other classes. Moreover, there are common molecular pathways that connect the HSP response and the cadherin-catenin protein system. In the present study, we have explored whether in breast cancer the HSP might interact functionally with the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion system. Beta-catenin was immunoprecipitated from breast cancer biopsy samples, and the protein complexes isolated in this way were probed with antibodies against HSP family members. We are thus the first to demonstrate a specific interaction between beta-catenin and Hsp27. However, beta-catenin did not bind Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, gp96, or the endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein CHOP. To confirm the finding of Hsp27-beta-catenin interaction, the 27-kDa immunoprecipitated band was excised from one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels and submitted to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization, confirming a role for Hsp27. In addition, beta-catenin interacted with other proteins including heat shock transcription factor 1, P-cadherin, and caveolin-1. In human breast cancer biopsy samples, beta-catenin was coexpressed in the same tumor areas and in the same tumor cells that expressed Hsp27. However, this coexpression was strong when beta-catenin was present in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and not when beta-catenin was expressed at the cell surface only. Furthermore, murine breast cancer cells transfected with hsp25 showed a redistribution of beta-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. When the prognostic significance of cadherin-catenin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patients (n = 215, follow-up = >10 years), we found that the disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter for patients expressing P-cadherin and for patients showing expression of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm only (not at the cell surface). The interactions of beta-catenin with Hsp27 and with HSF1 may explain some of the molecular pathways that influence tumor cell survival and the clinical significance in the prognosis of the breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel A Fanelli
- Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo, Regional Center for Scientific and Technological Research, National Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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