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Moustafa AH, AboulMagd AM, Ali AM, Khodairy A, Marzouk AA, Nafady A, T M Nemr M. Novel guanidine derivatives targeting leukemia as selective Src/Abl dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anti-proliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107410. [PMID: 38688197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A new series of benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 3a-i was designed and synthesized via the reaction of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamides 1a-i with sulfamethazine sodium salt 2 as dual Src/Abl inhibitors. Spectral data IR, 1H-, 13C- NMR and elemental analyses were used to confirm the structures of all the newly synthesized compounds 3a-i and 4a-i. Crucially, we screened all the synthesized compounds 3a-i against NCI 60 cancer cell lines. Among all, compound 3b was the most potent, with IC50 of 0.018 μM for normoxia, and 0.001 μM for hypoxia, compared to staurosporine against HL-60 leukemia cell line. To verify the selectivity of this derivative, it was assessed against a panel of tyrosine kinase EGFR, VEGFR-2, B-raf, ERK, CK1, p38-MAPK, Src and Abl enzymes. Results revealed that compound 3b can effectively and selectively inhibit Src/Abl with IC500.25 μM and Abl inhibitory activity with IC500.08 μM, respectively, and was found to be more potent on these enzymes than other kinases that showed the following results: EGFR IC500.31 μM, VEGFR-2 IC500.68 μM, B-raf IC500.33 μM, ERK IC501.41 μM, CK1 IC500.29 μM and p38-MAPK IC500.38 μM. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis performed to compound 3b against HL-60 suggesting its antiproliferative activity through Src/Abl inhibition. Finally, molecular docking studies and physicochemical properties prediction for compounds 3b, 3c, and 3 h were carried out to investigate their biological activities and clarify their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Moustafa
- Faculty of Science, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, Sinai 46612, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ali M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut-71524, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini street 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Emerging Role of Plant-Based Dietary Components in Post-Translational Modifications Associated with Colorectal Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020264. [PMID: 36836621 PMCID: PMC9962725 DOI: 10.3390/life13020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its main modifiable risk factors are diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Thus, the right approach through lifestyle changes may lead to its prevention. In fact, some natural dietary components have exhibited chemopreventive activity through modulation of cellular processes involved in CRC development. Although cancer is a multi-factorial process, the study of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins associated with CRC has recently gained interest, as inappropriate modification is closely related to the activation of cell signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aimed to collect the main PTMs associated with CRC, analyse the relationship between different proteins that are susceptible to inappropriate PTMs, and review the available scientific literature on the role of plant-based dietary compounds in modulating CRC-associated PTMs. In summary, this review suggested that some plant-based dietary components such as phenols, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and alkaloids may be able to correct the inappropriate PTMs associated with CRC and promote apoptosis in tumour cells.
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3
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Iyer KK, van Erp NP, Tauriello DV, Verheul HM, Poel D. Lost in translation: Revisiting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 110:102466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Šermukšnytė A, Kantminienė K, Jonuškienė I, Tumosienė I, Petrikaitė V. The Effect of 1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol Derivatives Bearing Hydrazone Moiety on Cancer Cell Migration and Growth of Melanoma, Breast, and Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081026. [PMID: 36015174 PMCID: PMC9416745 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Phenyl-3-[2-(phenylamino)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione was used as a starting compound for the synthesis of the corresponding 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthioacetohydrazide, which reacts with isatins and various aldehydes bearing aromatic and heterocyclic moieties provided target hydrazones. Their cytotoxicity was tested by the MTT assay against human melanoma IGR39, human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and pancreatic carcinoma (Panc-1) cell lines. The selectivity of compounds towards cancer cells was also studied. In general, the synthesized compounds were more cytotoxic against the melanoma cell line. N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-((4-phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetohydrazide, N′-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-2-((4-phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetohydrazide and N′-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2-((4-phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetohydrazide were identified as the most active among all synthesized compounds in 3D cell cultures. N′-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-2-((4-phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetohydrazide inhibited all cancer cell migration, was characterized as relatively more selective towards cancer cells, and could be further tested as an antimetastatic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Šermukšnytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ilona Jonuškienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Tumosienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (V.P.)
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Tumosienė I, Jonuškienė I, Kantminienė K, Mickevičius V, Petrikaitė V. Novel N-Substituted Amino Acid Hydrazone-Isatin Derivatives: Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and Anticancer Activity in 2D and 3D Models In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157799. [PMID: 34360565 PMCID: PMC8346030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel mono and bishydrazones each bearing a 2-oxindole moiety along with substituted phenylaminopropanamide, pyrrolidin-2-one, benzimidazole, diphenylmethane, or diphenylamine fragments were synthesized, and their anticancer activities were tested by MTT assay against human melanoma A375 and colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines. In general, the synthesized compounds were more cytotoxic against HT-29 than A375. 3-((4-Methoxyphenyl)(3-oxo-3-(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)propyl)amino)-N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)propanehydrazide and (N′,N‴)-1,1′-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(5-oxo-N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)pyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazide) were identified as the most active compounds against HT-29 in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The same compounds showed the highest antioxidant activity among the synthesized compounds screened by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Their antioxidant activity is on par with that of a well-known antioxidant ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Tumosienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.T.); (I.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Ilona Jonuškienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.T.); (I.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Kristina Kantminienė
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.T.); (I.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Ntari L, Nikolaou C, Kranidioti K, Papadopoulou D, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, Chouvardas P, Meier F, Geka C, Denis MC, Karagianni N, Kollias G. Combination of subtherapeutic anti-TNF dose with dasatinib restores clinical and molecular arthritogenic profiles better than standard anti-TNF treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:165. [PMID: 33892739 PMCID: PMC8063445 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have emerged in the last decades, including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. However, there is no known cure, since a significant proportion of patients remain or become non-responders to current therapies. The development of new mode-of-action treatment schemes involving combination therapies could prove successful for the treatment of a greater number of RA patients. METHODS We investigated the effect of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and bosutinib, on the human TNF-dependent Tg197 arthritis mouse model. The inhibitors were administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologics and their therapeutic effect was assessed clinically, histopathologically as well as via gene expression analysis and was compared to that of an efficient TNF monotherapy. RESULTS Dasatinib and, to a lesser extent, bosutinib inhibited the production of TNF and proinflammatory chemokines from arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts. Dasatinib, but not bosutinib, also ameliorated significantly and in a dose-dependent manner both the clinical and histopathological signs of Tg197 arthritis. Combination of dasatinib with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologic agents, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect abolishing all arthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis of whole joint tissue of Tg197 mice revealed that the combination of dasatinib with a low subtherapeutic dose of Infliximab most efficiently restores the pathogenic gene expression profile to that of the healthy state compared to either treatment administered as a monotherapy. CONCLUSION Our findings show that dasatinib exhibits a therapeutic effect in TNF-driven arthritis and can act in synergy with a subtherapeutic anti-hTNF dose to effectively treat the clinical and histopathological signs of the pathology. The combination of dasatinib and anti-hTNF exhibits a distinct mode of action in restoring the arthritogenic gene signature to that of a healthy profile. Potential clinical applications of combination therapies with kinase inhibitors and anti-TNF agents may provide an interesting alternative to high-dose anti-hTNF monotherapy and increase the number of patients responding to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Mantilla-Rojas C, Yu M, Rinella ES, Lynch RM, Perry A, Jaimes-Alvarado J, Anderson KR, Barba E, Bourgeois EJ, Konganti K, Threadgill DW. A molecular subtype of colorectal cancers initiates independently of epidermal growth factor receptor and has an accelerated growth rate mediated by IL10-dependent anergy. Oncogene 2021; 40:3047-3059. [PMID: 33767440 PMCID: PMC9113393 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies are approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, only 15% of CRC patients respond to EGFR inhibition. Here, we show that colorectal cancers (CRC) can initiate and grow faster through an EGFR-independent mechanism, irrespective of the presence of EGFR, in two different mouse models using tissue-specific ablation of Egfr. The growth benefit in the absence of EGFR is also independent of Kras status. An EGFR-independent gene expression signature, also observed in human CRCs, revealed that anergy-inducing genes are overexpressed in EGFR-independent polyps, suggesting increased infiltration of anergic lymphocytes promotes an accelerated growth rate that is partially caused by escape from cell-mediated immune responses. Many genes in the EGFR-independent gene expression signature are downstream targets of interleukin 10 receptor alpha (IL10RA). We further show that IL10 is detectable in serum from mice with EGFR-independent colon polyps. Using organoids in vitro and Src ablation in vivo, we show that IL10 contributes to growth of EGFR-independent CRCs, potentially mediated by the well-documented role of SRC in IL10 signaling. Based on these data, we show that the combination of an EGFR inhibitor with an anti-IL10 neutralizing antibody results in decreased cell proliferation in organoids and in decreased polyp size in pre-clinical models harboring EGFR-independent CRCs, providing a new therapeutic intervention for CRCs resistant to EGFR inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mantilla-Rojas
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica S Rinella
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rachel M Lynch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amie Perry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jorge Jaimes-Alvarado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn R Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Estefania Barba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Evann J Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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8
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Zhang LC, Zhang HR, Gao CL, Yu RL, Kang CM. Identification of novel Src, Bcl-2 dual inhibitors by the pharmacophore model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Src is a tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-chuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hao-ran Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Cheng-long Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ri-lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Cong-min Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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Lorusso G, Rüegg C, Kuonen F. Targeting the Extra-Cellular Matrix-Tumor Cell Crosstalk for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Alternatives to Integrin Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1231. [PMID: 32793493 PMCID: PMC7387567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network composed of a multitude of different macromolecules. ECM components typically provide a supportive structure to the tissue and engender positional information and crosstalk with neighboring cells in a dynamic reciprocal manner, thereby regulating tissue development and homeostasis. During tumor progression, tumor cells commonly modify and hijack the surrounding ECM to sustain anchorage-dependent growth and survival, guide migration, store pro-tumorigenic cell-derived molecules and present them to enhance receptor activation. Thereby, ECM potentially supports tumor progression at various steps from initiation, to local growth, invasion, and systemic dissemination and ECM-tumor cells interactions have long been considered promising targets for cancer therapy. Integrins represent key surface receptors for the tumor cell to sense and interact with the ECM. Yet, attempts to therapeutically impinge on these interactions using integrin inhibitors have failed to deliver anticipated results, and integrin inhibitors are still missing in the emerging arsenal of drugs for targeted therapies. This paradox situation should urge the field to reconsider the role of integrins in cancer and their targeting, but also to envisage alternative strategies. Here, we review the therapeutic targets implicated in tumor cell adhesion to the ECM, whose inhibitors are currently in clinical trials and may offer alternatives to integrin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girieca Lorusso
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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11
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AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising anti-cancer approach: functions, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:153. [PMID: 31684958 PMCID: PMC6827209 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy for cancer has been a research hotspot for decades. AXL is a member of the TAM family with the high-affinity ligand growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6). The Gas6/AXL signalling pathway is associated with tumour cell growth, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, drug resistance, immune regulation and stem cell maintenance. Different therapeutic agents targeting AXL have been developed, typically including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nucleotide aptamers, soluble receptors, and several natural compounds. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive discussion of the structure, function, regulation, and signalling pathways of AXL. Then, we highlight recent strategies for targeting AXL in the treatment of cancer.AXL-targeted drugs, either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or other small molecule inhibitors, are likely to improve the survival of many patients. However, future investigations into AXL molecular signalling networks and robust predictive biomarkers are warranted to select patients who could receive clinical benefit and to avoid potential toxicities.
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12
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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13
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Segrelles C, Contreras D, Navarro EM, Gutiérrez-Muñoz C, García-Escudero R, Paramio JM, Lorz C. Bosutinib Inhibits EGFR Activation in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071824. [PMID: 29933569 PMCID: PMC6073167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and although new therapeutic approaches have been recently evaluated, overall patient survival is still poor. Thus, new effective and selective clinical treatments are urgently needed. An analysis of data from large-scale, high-throughput drug screening cell line projects identified Bosutinib, a Src/Abl inhibitor that is currently used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, as a candidate drug to treat HNSCC. Using a panel of HNSCC-derived cell lines, we found that treatment with Bosutinib reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of sensitive cell lines. The drug rapidly inhibited Src and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) phosphorylation, and sensitivity to Bosutinib was correlated with the activation status of EGFR. Similar findings were observed in in vivo xenograft assays using HNSCC derived cells. Moreover, in the presence of mutations in PIK3CA, the combination of Bosutinib with the PI3Kα inhibitor Alpelisib showed a synergistic effect. These results suggest that Bosutinib could be a new effective drug for the treatment of HNSCC, particularly in tumors with high EGFR activity. Its combination with Alpelisib could especially benefit patients bearing activating mutations of PIK3CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Contreras
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena M Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Li P, Chen D, Cui Y, Zhang W, Weng J, Yu L, Chen L, Chen Z, Su H, Yu S, Wu J, Huang Q, Guo X. Src Plays an Important Role in AGE-Induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Tubulogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 29977209 PMCID: PMC6021521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), produced by the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids under hyperglycemia or oxidative stress conditions, has been implicated to be pivotal in the development of diabetic vascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy. We previously demonstrated that Src kinase played a causative role in AGE-induced hyper-permeability and barrier dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). While the increase of vascular permeability is the early event of angiogenesis, the effect of Src in AGE-induced angiogenesis and the mechanism has not been completely revealed. Here, we investigated the impact of Src on AGE-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. Inhibition of Src with inhibitor PP2 or siRNA decreased AGE-induced migration and tubulogenesis of HUVECs. The inactivation of Src with pcDNA3/flag-SrcK298M also restrained AGE-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation, while the activation of Src with pcDNA3/flag-SrcY530F enhanced HUVECs angiogenesis alone and exacerbated AGE-induced angiogenesis. AGE-enhanced HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro was accompanied with the phosphorylation of ERK in HUVECs. The inhibition of ERK with its inhibitor PD98059 decreased AGE-induced HUVECs angiogenesis. Furthermore, the inhibition and silencing of Src suppressed the AGE-induced ERK activation. And the silencing of AGEs receptor (RAGE) inhibited the AGE-induced ERK activation and angiogenesis as well. In conclusions, this study demonstrated that Src plays a pivotal role in AGE-promoted HUVECs angiogenesis by phosphorylating ERK, and very likely through RAGE-Src-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Li
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Su
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Isfort S, Crysandt M, Gezer D, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Wolf D. Bosutinib: A Potent Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Recent Results Cancer Res 2018; 212:87-108. [PMID: 30069626 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91439-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bosutinib is one of the five tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are currently approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. By its dual inhibition of Src and ABL kinase and also targeting further kinases, it creates a unique target portfolio which also explains its unique side effect profile. The approval of bosutinib in 2013 made the drug available for patients previously treated with one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitor(s) and for whom imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib are not considered appropriate treatment options. As initially the first-line clinical trial comparing bosutinib with imatinib in CML patients in chronic phase did not reach its primary endpoint and therefore the product was not licensed for first-line therapy, a second first-line trial, the so-called BFORE study, was performed and just recently the promising results have been published predicting a quick expansion of the existing label. In comparison with the other approved TKIs, bosutinib harbors a distinct side effect profile with only very few cardiovascular and thromboembolic events and minimal long-term safety issues with most adverse events happening during the first months of treatment. On the other hand, gastrointestinal side effects are very common (e.g., diarrhea rates in more than 80% of the patients) with bosutinib surprising some of the investigators during the early clinical trials evaluating bosutinib. Until then, several approaches have been used to face this problem resulting in extensive supportive efforts (such as early loperamid treatment) as well as new trials testing alternative dosing strategies with early dose adjustment schedules. This article reports preclinical and clinical data available for bosutinib both in hematologic diseases such as CML or ALL and solid tumours as well as other diseases and envisions future perspectives including additional patient groups in which bosutinib might be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Isfort
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deniz Gezer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Nishi H, Furuhashi K, Cullere X, Saggu G, Miller MJ, Chen Y, Rosetti F, Hamilton SL, Yang L, Pittman SP, Liao J, Herter JM, Berry JC, DeAngelo DJ, Zhu C, Tsokos GC, Mayadas TN. Neutrophil FcγRIIA promotes IgG-mediated glomerular neutrophil capture via Abl/Src kinases. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3810-3826. [PMID: 28891817 DOI: 10.1172/jci94039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney glomerular capillaries are frequent sites of immune complex deposition and subsequent neutrophil accumulation in post-infectious and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. However, the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment remain enigmatic, and there is no targeted therapeutic to avert this proximal event in glomerular inflammation. The uniquely human activating Fc receptor FcγRIIA promotes glomerular neutrophil accumulation and damage in anti-glomerular basement membrane-induced (anti-GBM-induced) glomerulonephritis when expressed on murine neutrophils. Here, we found that neutrophils are directly captured by immobilized IgG antibodies under physiological flow conditions in vitro through FcγRIIA-dependent, Abl/Src tyrosine kinase-mediated F-actin polymerization. Biophysical measurements showed that the lifetime of FcγRIIA-IgG bonds increased under mechanical force in an F-actin-dependent manner, which could enable the capture of neutrophils under physiological flow. Kidney intravital microscopy revealed that circulating neutrophils, which were similar in diameter to glomerular capillaries, abruptly arrested following anti-GBM antibody deposition via neutrophil FcγRIIA and Abl/Src kinases. Accordingly, inhibition of Abl/Src with bosutinib reduced FcγRIIA-mediated glomerular neutrophil accumulation and renal injury in experimental, crescentic anti-GBM nephritis. These data identify a pathway of neutrophil recruitment within glomerular capillaries following IgG deposition that may be targeted by bosutinib to avert glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurpanna Saggu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Florencia Rosetti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha L Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Spencer P Pittman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiexi Liao
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanya N Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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The use of novel selectivity metrics in kinase research. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:17. [PMID: 28056771 PMCID: PMC5217660 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound selectivity is an important issue when developing a new drug. In many instances, a lack of selectivity can translate to increased toxicity. Protein kinases are particularly concerned with this issue because they share high sequence and structural similarity. However, selectivity may be assessed early on using data generated from protein kinase profiling panels. Results To guide lead optimization in drug discovery projects, we propose herein two new selectivity metrics, namely window score (WS) and ranking score (RS). These metrics can be applied to standard in vitro data–including intrinsic enzyme activity/affinity (Ki, IC50 or percentage of inhibition), cell-based potency (percentage of effect, EC50) or even kinetics data (Kd, Kon and Koff). They are both easy to compute and offer different viewpoints from which to consider compound selectivity. Conclusions We performed a comparative analysis of their respective performance on several data sets against already published selectivity metrics and analyzed how they might influence compound selection. Our results showed that the two new metrics bring additional information to prioritize compound selection. Graphical Abstract Two novel metrics were developed to better estimate selectivity of compounds screened on multiple proteins.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1413-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Severyn B, Nguyen T, Altman MD, Li L, Nagashima K, Naumov GN, Sathyanarayanan S, Cook E, Morris E, Ferrer M, Arthur B, Benita Y, Watters J, Loboda A, Hermes J, Gilliland DG, Cleary MA, Carroll PM, Strack P, Tudor M, Andersen JN. Development of a High-Throughput Gene Expression Screen for Modulators of RAS-MAPK Signaling in a Mutant RAS Cellular Context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:989-97. [PMID: 27461835 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116658646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The RAS-MAPK pathway controls many cellular programs, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In colorectal cancers, recurrent mutations in this pathway often lead to increased cell signaling that may contribute to the development of neoplasms, thereby making this pathway attractive for therapeutic intervention. To this end, we developed a 26-member gene signature of RAS-MAPK pathway activity utilizing the Affymetrix QuantiGene Plex 2.0 reagent system and performed both primary and confirmatory gene expression-based high-throughput screens (GE-HTSs) using KRAS mutant colon cancer cells (SW837) and leveraging a highly annotated chemical library. The screen achieved a hit rate of 1.4% and was able to enrich for hit compounds that target RAS-MAPK pathway members such as MEK and EGFR. Sensitivity and selectivity performance measurements were 0.84 and 1.00, respectively, indicating high true-positive and true-negative rates. Active compounds from the primary screen were confirmed in a dose-response GE-HTS assay, a GE-HTS assay using 14 additional cancer cell lines, and an in vitro colony formation assay. Altogether, our data suggest that this GE-HTS assay will be useful for larger unbiased chemical screens to identify novel compounds and mechanisms that may modulate the RAS-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Severyn
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Thi Nguyen
- Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D Altman
- Chemical Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lixia Li
- Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erica Cook
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | | | - Marc Ferrer
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Bill Arthur
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Yair Benita
- Informatics and Analysis, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jim Watters
- Informatics and Analysis, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Andrey Loboda
- Informatics and Analysis, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Hermes
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Matt Tudor
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
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19
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Nam AR, Kim JW, Park JE, Bang JH, Jin MH, Lee KH, Kim TY, Han SW, Im SA, Kim TY, Oh DY, Bang YJ. Src as a Therapeutic Target in Biliary Tract Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1515-24. [PMID: 27196758 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Src, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is involved in a number of cancer-related signaling pathways and aberrantly activated in biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of Src as a therapeutic target in BTC. We tested bosutinib, an orally active c-Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents using 9 human BTC cell lines: SNU-245, SNU-308, SNU-478, SNU-869, SNU-1079, SNU-1196, HuCCT1, TFK-1, and EGI-1. Of these, SNU-308 and SNU-478 were relatively sensitive to bosutinib. Bosutinib abrogated phosphorylation of Src and its downstream molecules, and significantly increased G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Bosutinib significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion and decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Bosutinib combined with gemcitabine or cisplatin showed synergistic antiproliferative and antimigratory effects. In addition, this combination further inhibited phosphorylation of Src and its downstream molecules and decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression compared with bosutinib alone. We established a SNU-478 xenograft model for in vivo experiments, because SNU-478 was more tumorigenic than SNU-308. Bosutinib combined with gemcitabine or cisplatin showed significantly more potent antitumor effects than bosutinib alone. Bosutinib combined with gemcitabine further decreased Ki-67 expression and Src phosphorylation, and further increased TUNEL expression. Our data suggest that Src might be a potential therapeutic target in BTC. Bosutinib demonstrated promising antitumor activity alone or in combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin in BTC cells, which supports further clinical development in patients with advanced BTC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1515-24. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mei Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Kumar A, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Pharmacology of Src family kinases and therapeutic implications of their modulators. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:115-30. [PMID: 25545125 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs), the largest family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, include 10 members. Src was the first gene product discovered to have intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity. Src is widely expressed in many cell types and can have different locations within a cell; the subcellular location of Src can affect its function. Src can associate with cellular membranes, such as the plasma membrane, the perinuclear membrane, and the endosomal membrane. SFKs actions on mammalian cells are pleiotropic and include effect on cell morphology, adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. SFKs at one end have been documented to play some important physiological functions; on the other end, they have been described in the pathophysiology of some disorders. In this review article, an exhaustive attempt has been made to unearth pharmacology of SFKs and therapeutic implications of SFKs modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- CNS and CVS Research Laboratory, Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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21
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Tsai CH, Lin LT, Wang CY, Chiu YW, Chou YT, Chiu SJ, Wang HE, Liu RS, Wu CY, Chan PC, Yang MH, Chiou SH, Liao MJ, Lee YJ. Over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed growth and invasion of cancer cells is associated with up-regulation of let-7 microRNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:851-61. [PMID: 25597880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin-1, a non-muscle isoform of actin regulatory protein that belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family is known to affect cancer development. Previously, we found that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed the growth and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. In this study, we further investigated whether over-expression of cofilin-1 can suppress tumor growth in vivo, and performed a microRNA array analysis to better understand whether specific microRNA would be involved in this event. The results showed that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed NSCLC tumor growth using the xenograft tumor model with the non-invasive reporter gene imaging modalities. Additionally, cell motility and invasion were significantly suppressed by over-expressed cofilin-1, and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) -1 and -3 was concomitantly detected. According to the microRNA array analysis, the let-7 family, particularly let-7b and let-7e, were apparently up-regulated among 248 microRNAs that were affected after over-expression of cofilin-1 up to 7 days. Knockdown of let-7b or let-7e using chemical locked nucleic acid (LNA) could recover the growth rate and the invasion of cofilin-1 over-expressing cells. Next, the expression of c-myc, LIN28 and Twist-1 proteins known to regulate let-7 were analyzed in cofilin-1 over-expressing cells, and Twist-1 was significantly suppressed under this condition. Up-regulation of let-7 microRNA by over-expressed cofilin-1 could be eliminated by co-transfected Twist-1 cDNA. Taken together, current data suggest that let-7 microRNA would be involved in over-expression of cofilin-1 mediated tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yih Wang
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chou
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jun Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Medical School, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Jyun Liao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ko HK, Guo LW, Su B, Gao L, Gelman IH. Suppression of chemotaxis by SSeCKS via scaffolding of phosphoinositol phosphates and the recruitment of the Cdc42 GEF, Frabin, to the leading edge. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111534. [PMID: 25356636 PMCID: PMC4214753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis is controlled by interactions between receptors, Rho-family GTPases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and cytoskeleton remodeling proteins. We investigated how the metastasis suppressor, SSeCKS, attenuates chemotaxis. Chemotaxis activity inversely correlated with SSeCKS levels in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), DU145 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. SSeCKS loss induced chemotactic velocity and linear directionality, correlating with replacement of leading edge lamellipodia with fascin-enriched filopodia-like extensions, the formation of thickened longitudinal F-actin stress fibers reaching to filopodial tips, relative enrichments at the leading edge of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3 (PIP3), Akt, PKC-ζ, Cdc42-GTP and active Src (SrcpoY416), and a loss of Rac1. Leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition in SSeCKS-null MEF could be restored by full-length SSeCKS or SSeCKS deleted of its Src-binding domain (ΔSrc), but not by SSeCKS deleted of its three MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) polybasic domains (ΔPBD), which bind PIP2 and PIP3. The enrichment of activated Cdc42 in SSeCKS-null leading edge filopodia correlated with recruitment of the Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Frabin, likely recruited via multiple PIP2/3-binding domains. Frabin knockdown in SSeCKS-null MEF restores leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition. However, SSeCKS failed to co-immunoprecipitate with Rac1, Cdc42 or Frabin. Consistent with the notion that chemotaxis is controlled by SSeCKS-PIP (vs. -Src) scaffolding activity, constitutively-active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase could override the ability of the Src inhibitor, SKI-606, to suppress chemotaxis and filopodial enrichment of Frabin in SSeCKS-null MEF. Our data suggest a role for SSeCKS in controlling Rac1 vs. Cdc42-induced cellular dynamics at the leading chemotactic edge through the scaffolding of phospholipids and signal mediators, and through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton controlling directional movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Ko
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Li-wu Guo
- Div. of Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dai F, Chen Y, Huang L, Wang J, Zhang T, Li J, Tong W, Liu M, Yi Z. A novel synthetic small molecule YH-306 suppresses colorectal tumour growth and metastasis via FAK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:383-95. [PMID: 25351103 PMCID: PMC4407606 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are key processes in the metastasis of cancer, and suppression of these steps is a promising strategy for cancer therapeutics. The aim of this study was to explore small molecules for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate their anti-metastatic mechanisms. In this study, six CRC cell lines were used. We showed that YH-306 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, YH-306 inhibited cell adhesion and protrusion formation of HCT116 and HT-29 CRC cells. Moreover, YH-306 potently suppressed uninhibited proliferation in all six CRC cell lines tested and induced cell apoptosis in four cell lines. Furthermore, YH-306 inhibited CRC colonization in vitro and suppressed CRC growth in a xenograft mouse model, as well as hepatic/pulmonary metastasis in vivo. YH-306 suppressed the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), c-Src, paxillin, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), Rac1 and the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and MMP9. Meanwhile, YH-306 also inhibited actin-related protein (Arp2/3) complex-mediated actin polymerization. Taken together, YH-306 is a candidate drug in preventing growth and metastasis of CRC by modulating FAK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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24
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Isakoff SJ, Wang D, Campone M, Calles A, Leip E, Turnbull K, Bardy-Bouxin N, Duvillié L, Calvo E. Bosutinib plus capecitabine for selected advanced solid tumours: results of a phase 1 dose-escalation study. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2058-66. [PMID: 25290090 PMCID: PMC4260032 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This phase 1 study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of bosutinib (competitive Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus capecitabine. Methods: Patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers; cholangiocarcinoma; or glioblastoma received bosutinib plus capecitabine at eight of nine possible dose combinations using an ‘up-down' design to determine the toxicity contour of the combination. Results: Among 32 enrolled patients, none of the 9 patients receiving MTD (bosutinib 300 mg once daily plus capecitabine 1000 mg m−2 twice daily) experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Overall, 2 out of 31 (6%) evaluable patients experienced DLTs (grade 3 neurologic pain (n=1); grade 3 pruritus/rash and increased alanine aminotransferase (n=1)). Most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), fatigue; most frequent grade 3/4 AEs: PPE, fatigue, and increased alanine/aspartate aminotransferase. Although diarrhoea was common, 91% of affected patients experienced maximum grade 1/2 events that resolved. Best overall confirmed partial response or stable disease >24 weeks (all tumour types) was observed in 6 and 13% of patients. Conclusions: In this population of patients with advanced solid tumours, bosutinib plus capecitabine demonstrated a safety profile similar to that previously reported for bosutinib or capecitabine monotherapy; limited efficacy was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Isakoff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - D Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Program, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - M Campone
- Institut de Cancerologie de l'Quest-Rene Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, Nantes Cedex 44805, France
| | - A Calles
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Madrid Norte-Sanchinarro, C/Oña n°10, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Leip
- Oncology Clinical Statistics, Pfizer Inc, 10 Fawcett Street, Suite 2013, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K Turnbull
- Oncology Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, 10 Fawcett Street, Suite 2013, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - N Bardy-Bouxin
- Oncology Late Phase Strategy Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 23-25 av du Dr Lannelongue, Paris 75668, France
| | - L Duvillié
- Oncology Clinical Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 23-25 av du Dr Lannelongue, Paris 75668, France
| | - E Calvo
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Madrid Norte-Sanchinarro, C/Oña n°10, 28050 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Gargalionis AN, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. The molecular rationale of Src inhibition in colorectal carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2019-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
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26
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Chen J, Elfiky A, Han M, Chen C, Saif MW. The Role of Src in Colon Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2014; 13:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Eckstein N, Röper L, Haas B, Potthast H, Hermes U, Unkrig C, Naumann-Winter F, Enzmann H. Clinical pharmacology of tyrosine kinase inhibitors becoming generic drugs: the regulatory perspective. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:15. [PMID: 24502453 PMCID: PMC3922331 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, billions have been spent and huge efforts have been taken in basic and clinical cancer research [CA Cancer J Clin63:11-30]. About a decade ago, the arms race between drugs and cancer cells reached a new level by introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) into pharmacological anti-cancer therapy. According to their molecular mechanism of action, TKI in contrast to so-called "classic" or "conventional" cytostatics belong to the group of targeted cancer medicines, characterized by accurately fitting with biological structures (i.e. active centers of kinases). Numerous (partly orphan) indications are covered by this new class of substances. Approximately ten years after the first substances of this class of medicines were authorized, patent protection will end within the next years. The following article covers clinical meaning and regulatory status of anti-cancer TKI and gives an outlook to what is expected from the introduction of generic anti-cancer TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Eckstein
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Lea Röper
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Bodo Haas
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Henrike Potthast
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hermes
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Christoph Unkrig
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Frauke Naumann-Winter
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
| | - Harald Enzmann
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn 53175, Germany
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28
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Keller G, Schafhausen P, Brummendorf TH. Bosutinib: a dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 2:489-97. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.09.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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29
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30
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Kinsey WH. SRC-family tyrosine kinases in oogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization: an evolutionary perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:33-56. [PMID: 25030759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is a highly specialized cell poised to respond to fertilization with a unique set of actions needed to recognize and incorporate a single sperm, complete meiosis, reprogram maternal and paternal genomes and assemble them into a unique zygotic genome, and finally initiate the mitotic cell cycle. Oocytes accomplish this diverse series of events through an array of signal transduction pathway components that include a characteristic collection of protein tyrosine kinases. The src-family protein kinases (SFKs) figure importantly in this signaling array and oocytes characteristically express certain SFKs at high levels to provide for the unique actions that the oocyte must perform. The SFKs typically exhibit a distinct pattern of subcellular localization in oocytes and perform critical functions in different subcellular compartments at different steps during oocyte maturation and fertilization. While many aspects of SFK signaling are conserved among oocytes from different species, significant differences exist in the extent to which src-family-mediated pathways are used by oocytes from species that fertilize externally vs those which are fertilized internally. The observation that several oocyte functions which require SFK signaling appear to represent common points of failure during assisted reproductive techniques in humans, highlights the importance of these signaling pathways for human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Kinsey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA,
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31
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Isfort S, Keller-v Amsberg G, Schafhausen P, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH. Bosutinib: a novel second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recent Results Cancer Res 2014; 201:81-97. [PMID: 24756786 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54490-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bosutinib (SKI-606) is a 4-anilino-3-quinoline carbonitrile, which acts as a dual inhibitor of Src and ABL kinases. In addition, the BCR-ABL fusion gene product, a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase which is crucial for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is highly sensitive to bosutinib. Interestingly, distinctly lower concentrations of bosutinib are required to ablate BCR-ABL phosphorylation when compared to the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (IM). Bosutinib is a potent inhibitor of CML cell proliferation in vitro and has demonstrated promising activity in CML patients resistant or intolerant to IM as well as in newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase CML (CML-CP). Remarkably, bosutinib has been found to be capable of overcoming the majority of IM-resistant BCR-ABL mutations. Bosutinib has the potency to induce deep and fast responses in second- and third-/fourth-line treatment, and as a consequence, the drug has recently been licensed for patients previously treated with one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitor(s) and for whom imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib are not considered appropriate treatment options. Due to its potency and differing toxicity profile, it promises to be a good therapeutic option for a defined cohort of patients. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal with most of the patients suffering from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. For the most part, these gastrointestinal symptoms occur early after treatment initiation, are manageable, and often self-limiting. Continuous monitoring of liver enzymes upon treatment initiation is necessary during bosutinib treatment. In addition to CML treatment, bosutinib has shown some efficacy in selected patients suffering from advanced-stage solid tumors. In conclusion, bosutinib is a promising novel small molecule inhibitor approved now for targeted therapy of CML and in clinical development for other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Isfort
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Tyrosine kinome profiling: oncogenic mutations and therapeutic targeting in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Huveldt D, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Carlson BL, Schroeder MA, Rodriguez F, Giannini C, Galanis E, Sarkaria JN, Anastasiadis PZ. Targeting Src family kinases inhibits bevacizumab-induced glioma cell invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56505. [PMID: 23457577 PMCID: PMC3572988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-VEGF antibody therapy with bevacizumab provides significant clinical benefit in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Unfortunately, progression on bevacizumab therapy is often associated with a diffuse disease recurrence pattern, which limits subsequent therapeutic options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand bevacizumab's influence on glioma biology and block it's actions towards cell invasion. To explore the mechanism(s) of GBM cell invasion we have examined a panel of serially transplanted human GBM lines grown either in short-term culture, as xenografts in mouse flank, or injected orthotopically in mouse brain. Using an orthotopic xenograft model that exhibits increased invasiveness upon bevacizumab treatment, we also tested the effect of dasatinib, a broad spectrum SFK inhibitor, on bevacizumab-induced invasion. We show that 1) activation of Src family kinases (SFKs) is common in GBM, 2) the relative invasiveness of 17 serially transplanted GBM xenografts correlates strongly with p120 catenin phosphorylation at Y228, a Src kinase site, and 3) SFK activation assessed immunohistochemically in orthotopic xenografts, as well as the phosphorylation of downstream substrates occurs specifically at the invasive tumor edge. Further, we show that SFK signaling is markedly elevated at the invasive tumor front upon bevacizumab administration, and that dasatinib treatment effectively blocked the increased invasion induced by bevacizumab. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased invasiveness associated with anti-VEGF therapy is due to increased SFK signaling, and support testing the combination of dasatinib with bevacizumab in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Huveldt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Lewis-Tuffin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brett L. Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Schroeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Fausto Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Panos Z. Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Austin P, Freeman SA, Gray CA, Gold MR, Vogl AW, Andersen RJ, Roberge M, Roskelley CD. The invasion inhibitor sarasinoside A1 reverses mesenchymal tumor transformation in an E-cadherin-independent manner. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:530-40. [PMID: 23399642 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During metastatic progression, an aberrant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that is most often driven by the loss of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin generates noncohesive tumor cells that are highly invasive. We used mesenchymally transformed, E-cadherin-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells in a natural product screen and determined that the triterpenoid saponin sarasinoside A1 inhibited their invasion and the invasion of a number of other tumor cell lines. Sarasinoside A1 also caused MDA-MB-231 cells to become cohesive in a three-dimensional basement membrane and collagen gel cultures. In two-dimensional culture, sarasinoside A1 initiated a morphologic re-epithelialization of MDA-MB-231 cells wherein preexisting nonepithelial cadherins and the junction-associated proteins β-catenin and ZO-1 all relocalized to sites of cell-cell contact. In addition, the intercellular space between neighboring cells narrowed considerably, the stability of polymerized actin at cell-cell contact sites increased, and there was a recruitment and stabilization of nectin-based adhesion complexes to these sites, all of which strongly suggested that functional cell-cell junctions had formed. Importantly, sarasinoside A1 induced nascent cell-cell junction formation that did not require changes in gene expression and was not associated with an induction of E-cadherin but resulted in increased activation of Rap GTPases. Therefore, our findings with sarasinoside A1 suggest that it may be possible to re-epithelialize metastatic tumor cells with phenotypic consequence even when E-cadherin is completely absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Austin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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35
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Sirvent A, Vigy O, Orsetti B, Urbach S, Roche S. Analysis of SRC oncogenic signaling in colorectal cancer by stable isotope labeling with heavy amino acids in mouse xenografts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1937-50. [PMID: 23023324 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.018168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC is frequently deregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and SRC increased activity has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. In nude mice engrafted with human CRC cells, SRC over-expression favors tumor growth and is accompanied by a robust increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in tumor cells. How SRC contributes to this tumorigenic process is largely unknown. We analyzed SRC oncogenic signaling in these tumors by means of a novel quantitative proteomic analysis. This method is based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids of xenograft tumors by the addition of [(13)C(6)]-lysine into mouse food. An incorporation level greater than 88% was obtained in xenograft tumors after 30 days of the heavy lysine diet. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of these tumors allowed the identification of 61 proteins that exhibited a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and/or association with tyrosine phosphorylated proteins upon SRC expression. These mainly included molecules implicated in vesicular trafficking and signaling and RNA binding proteins. Most of these proteins were specific targets of SRC signaling in vivo, as they were not identified by analysis via stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of the same CRC cells in culture. This suggests that oncogenic signaling induced by SRC in tumors significantly differs from that induced by SRC in cell culture. We next confirmed this notion experimentally with the example of the vesicular trafficking protein and SRC substrate TOM1L1. We found that whereas TOM1L1 depletion only slightly affected SRC-induced proliferation of CRC cells in vitro, it drastically decreased tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. We thus concluded that this vesicular trafficking protein plays an important role in SRC-induced tumor growth. Overall, these data show that SILAC analysis in mouse xenografts is a valuable approach for deciphering tyrosine kinase oncogenic signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sirvent
- CNRS UMR5237, University of Montpellier 1 and 2, CRBM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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36
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Hatton O, Martinez OM, Esquivel CO. Emerging therapeutic strategies for Epstein-Barr virus+ post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16:220-9. [PMID: 22353174 PMCID: PMC4052840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
De novo malignancies represent an increasing concern in the transplant population, particularly as long-term graft and patient survival improves. EBV-associated B-cell lymphoma in the setting of PTLD is the leading malignancy in children following solid organ transplantation. Therapeutic strategies can be categorized as pharmacologic, biologic, and cell-based but the variable efficacy of these approaches and the complexity of PTLD suggest that new treatment options are warranted. Here, we review current therapeutic strategies for treatment of PTLD. We also describe the life cycle of EBV, addressing the viral mechanisms that contribute to the genesis and persistence of EBV+ B-cell lymphomas. Specifically, we focus on the oncogenic signaling pathways activated by the EBV LMP1 and LMP2a to understand the underlying mechanisms and mediators of lymphomagenesis with the goal of identifying novel, rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hatton
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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37
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Kim WG, Guigon CJ, Fozzatti L, Park JW, Lu C, Willingham MC, Cheng SY. SKI-606, an Src inhibitor, reduces tumor growth, invasion, and distant metastasis in a mouse model of thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:1281-90. [PMID: 22271876 PMCID: PMC3294177 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Src is overexpressed or hyperactivated in a variety of human cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. Src is a central mediator in multiple signaling pathways that are important in oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated the effects of an Src inhibitor, SKI-606 (bosutinib), in a spontaneous metastatic thyroid cancer model with constitutively activated Src (Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice were treated with SKI-606 or vehicle controls, beginning at 6 weeks of age until the mice succumbed to thyroid cancer. We assessed the effects of SKI-606 on thyroid cancer progression and analyzed the impact of SKI-606 on aberrant Src-mediated signaling. RESULTS SKI-606 effectively inhibited aberrant activation of Src and its downstream targets to markedly inhibit the growth of thyroid tumor, thereby prolonging the survival of treated mice. While Src inhibition did not induce cell apoptosis, it decreased cell proliferation by affecting the expression of key regulators of cell-cycle progression. Importantly, SKI-606 dramatically prevented dedifferentiation, vascular invasion, and lung metastasis of thyroid cancer cells. These responses were meditated by downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Src is critical in the progression of thyroid cancer, making oral SKI-606 a promising treatment strategy for refractory thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Gu Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celine J Guigon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeong Won Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Changxue Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Daud AI, Krishnamurthi SS, Saleh MN, Gitlitz BJ, Borad MJ, Gold PJ, Chiorean EG, Springett GM, Abbas R, Agarwal S, Bardy-Bouxin N, Hsyu PH, Leip E, Turnbull K, Zacharchuk C, Messersmith WA. Phase I study of bosutinib, a src/abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, administered to patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:1092-100. [PMID: 22179664 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bosutinib, a potent ATP-competitive, quinolinecarbonitrile Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, was tested in this first-in-human phase I trial in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This trial was conducted in 2 parts. In part 1 (dose escalation), increasing oral bosutinib doses were administered using a 3 + 3 design. In part 2 (dose expansion), approximately 30 patients each with refractory colorectal, pancreas, or non-small cell lung cancer were treated at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Primary efficacy endpoints for part 2 were median progression-free survival (colorectal and non-small cell lung) and median overall survival (pancreas). RESULTS In part 1, dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 diarrhea (two patients) and grade 3 rash occurred with bosutinib 600 mg/day and the maximum tolerated dose identified was 500 mg/day. However, the majority of patients treated with 500 mg/day had grade 2 or greater gastrointestinal toxicity, and 400 mg/day was identified as the RP2D. The most common bosutinib-related adverse events were nausea (60% patients), diarrhea (47%), vomiting (40%), fatigue (38%), and anorexia (36%). Bosutinib had a mean half-life of 19 to 20 hours at the RP2D. A partial response (breast) and unconfirmed complete response (pancreas) were observed; 8 of 112 evaluable patients had stable disease for 22 to 101 weeks. However, the primary efficacy endpoints for part 2 were not met. CONCLUSIONS Bosutinib was generally well tolerated in patients with solid tumors, with the main toxicity being gastrointestinal. The RP2D was 400 mg/day orally. Further study of bosutinib is planned in combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil I Daud
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Wu Z, Chang PC, Yang JC, Chu CY, Wang LY, Chen NT, Ma AH, Desai SJ, Lo SH, Evans CP, Lam KS, Kung HJ. Autophagy Blockade Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells towards Src Family Kinase Inhibitors. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:40-9. [PMID: 20811583 DOI: 10.1177/1947601909358324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that tyrosine kinases play an important role in cancer development. As a prototype of targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are now successfully applied to cancer treatment. However, as single agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have not achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of prostate cancer, principally due to their inability to efficiently kill tumor cells. The authors' laboratory has been interested in the role of the Src complex in prostate cancer progression, including the induction of androgen independence and metastasis. Previously, the authors reported that Src inhibitors such as saracatinib and PP2 caused G1 growth arrest and diminished invasiveness in prostate cancer cells but rarely apoptosis. Here, they have shown that Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors can induce a high level of autophagy, which protects treated cells from undergoing apoptosis. Src siRNA knockdown experiments confirmed that autophagy was indeed caused by the lack of Src activity. The SFK inhibitor-induced autophagy is accompanied by the inhibition of the PI3K (type I)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. To test whether autophagy blockade could lead to enhanced cell death, pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) and a genetic inhibitor (siRNA targeting Atg7) were used in combination with SFK inhibitors. The results showed that autophagy inhibition effectively enhanced cell killing induced by SFK inhibitors. Importantly, the authors showed that a combination of saracatinib with chloroquine in mice significantly reduced prostate cancer (PC3) xenograft growth compared with the control group. Taken together, these data suggest that (1) autophagy serves a protective role in SFK inhibitor-mediated cell killing, and (2) clinically acceptable autophagy modulators may be used beneficially as adjunctive therapeutic agents for SFK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoju Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
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McGinnis LK, Carroll DJ, Kinsey WH. Protein tyrosine kinase signaling during oocyte maturation and fertilization. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:831-45. [PMID: 21681843 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is a highly specialized cell capable of accumulating and storing energy supplies as well as maternal transcripts and pre-positioned signal transduction components needed for zygotic development, undergoing meiosis under control of paracrine signals from the follicle, fusing with a single sperm during fertilization, and zygotic development. The oocyte accomplishes this diverse series of events by establishing an array of signal transduction pathway components that include a select collection of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that are expressed at levels significantly higher than most other cell types. This array of PTKs includes cytosolic kinases such as SRC-family PTKs (FYN and YES), and FAK kinases, as well as FER. These kinases typically exhibit distinct patterns of localization and in some cases are translocated from one subcellular compartment to another during meiosis. Significant differences exist in the extent to which PTK-mediated pathways are used by oocytes from species that fertilize externally versus internally. The PTK activation profiles as well as calcium signaling pattern seems to correlate with the extent to which a rapid block to polyspermy is required by the biology of each species. Suppression of each of the SRC-family PTKs as well as FER kinase results in failure of meiotic maturation or zygote development, indicating that these PTKs are important for oocyte quality and developmental potential. Future studies will hopefully reveal the extent to which these factors impact clinical assisted reproductive techniques in domestic animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda K McGinnis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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41
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Sharma MR, Wroblewski K, Polite BN, Knost JA, Wallace JA, Modi S, Sleckman BG, Taber D, Vokes EE, Stadler WM, Kindler HL. Dasatinib in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase II trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1211-5. [PMID: 21552992 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited after a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan; novel agents need to be explored in this setting. Dasatinib, an oral inhibitor of Src family kinases, inhibits proliferation in CRC cell lines and has antitumor activity in CRC xenograft models. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a multi-center phase II trial of dasatinib in unresectable, previously-treated metastatic CRC patients. No more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens were permitted, which must have contained a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 4 months. The Simon two-stage design required that at least 5 of the first 19 patients be progression-free at 4 months to expand to a second stage. RESULTS Nineteen patients enrolled at 9 centers. The study was terminated after the first stage due to lack of efficacy. There were no objective responses; 1 patient (5%) had stable disease for 7.3 months. The PFS rate at 4 months was 5.3% (90% CI: 0.3, 22.6). Median PFS was 1.6 months (90% CI: 1.4, 1.8). Median overall survival was 5.1 months (90% CI: 2.4, 6.3). Grade 3/4 toxicities included fatigue in 16% of patients, and anemia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting and dyspnea in 11%. CONCLUSION Dasatinib is inactive as a single agent in previously treated metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish R Sharma
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
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Puls LN, Eadens M, Messersmith W. Current status of SRC inhibitors in solid tumor malignancies. Oncologist 2011; 16:566-78. [PMID: 21521831 PMCID: PMC3228195 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Src is believed to play an important role in cancer, and several agents targeting Src are in clinical development. DESIGN We reviewed Src structure and function and preclinical data supporting its role in the development of cancer via a PubMed search. We conducted an extensive review of Src inhibitors by searching abstracts from major oncology meeting databases in the last 3 years and by comprehensively reviewing ongoing clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. RESULTS In this manuscript, we briefly review Src structure and function, mechanisms involving Src that lead to the development of cancer, and Src inhibitors and key preclinical data establishing a rationale for clinical application. We then focus on clinical data supporting their use in solid tumor malignancies, a newer arena than their more well-established hematologic applications. Particularly highlighted are clinical trials investigating new biomarkers as well as ongoing studies assessing Src inhibitor activity in biomarker-selected patient populations. We also review newer investigational Src-targeting agents. CONCLUSIONS Src inhibitors have shown little activity in monotherapy trials in unselected solid tumor patient populations. Combination studies and biomarker-driven clinical trials are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Puls
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Eadens
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wells Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Regulation of SRC family kinases in human cancers. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:865819. [PMID: 21776389 PMCID: PMC3135246 DOI: 10.1155/2011/865819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Src plays a crucial role in the signal transduction pathways involved in cell division, motility, adhesion, and survival in both normal and cancer cells. Although the Src family kinases (SFKs) are activated in various types of cancers, the exact mechanisms through which they contribute to the progression of individual tumors remain to be defined. The activation of Src in human cancers may occur through a variety of mechanisms that include domain interaction and structural remodeling in response to various activators or upstream kinases and phosphatastes. Because of Src's prominent roles in invasion and tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the development of metastasis, Src is a promising target for cancer therapy. Several small molecule inhibitors of Src are currently being investigated in clinical trials. In this article, we will summarize the mechanisms regulating Src kinase activity in normal and cancer cells and discuss the status of Src inhibitor development against various types of cancers.
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Quintela-Fandino M, González-Martín A, Colomer R. Targeting cytoskeleton reorganisation as antimetastatic treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2011; 12:662-9. [PMID: 20947480 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-010-0575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic relapse is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. The process of distant spreading is a cascade of events that is regulated in a highly complex manner; one cellular phenomenon underlying all the events is cytoskeletal reorganisation. Despite the fact that the ability to leave the primary site and establish a viable mass in a distant site is a hallmark of cancer, targeting cytoskeletal reorganisation is an emerging field. In this review we describe the key signalling pathways controlling cytoskeletal reorganisation and the current targeted therapies against the "druggable" nodes. Finally, we discuss potential implications of trial design that can play a role in detecting the specific activity of this drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Unit, Clinical Research Programme CNIO-Spanish National Cancer Research Center C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3 ES-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Mayer EL, Krop IE. Advances in targeting SRC in the treatment of breast cancer and other solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3526-32. [PMID: 20634194 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Src, a membrane-associated nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in the coordination and facilitation of cell-signaling pathways controlling a wide range of cellular functions, including growth, survival, invasion, adhesion, and migration. Deregulation and increased activity of Src has been observed in multiple human malignancies, prompting the development of specific inhibitors of Src. In preclinical studies, Src inhibitors show antitumor effects in multiple solid tumor types. Recently completed early-phase trials using the inhibitors dasatinib and bosutinib have suggested modest activity as monotherapy in breast and prostate cancer, with potentially greater activity in combination regimens. Given the interaction between Src and the estrogen receptor, ongoing trials are exploring combinations with endocrine therapy. The relationship between Src and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor also justifies investigation of combinations with angiogenesis inhibitors. Future trials will continue to explore the contribution of Src inhibition with both chemotherapy and targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Mayer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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46
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Disruption of Src function potentiates Chk1-inhibitor-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2010; 117:1947-57. [PMID: 21148814 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras/MEK/ERK pathway activation represents an important compensatory response of human multiple myeloma (MM) cells to checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitors. To investigate the functional roles of Src in this event and potential therapeutic significance, interactions between Src and Chk1 inhibitors (eg, UCN-01 or Chk1i) were examined in vitro and in vivo. The dual Src/Abl inhibitors BMS354825 and SKI-606 blocked Chk1-inhibitor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, markedly increasing apoptosis in association with BimEL up-regulation, p34(cdc2) activation, and DNA damage in MM cell lines and primary CD138(+) MM samples. Loss-of-function Src mutants (K297R, K296R/Y528F) or shRNA knock-down of Src prevented the ERK1/2 activation induced by Chk1 inhibitors and increased apoptosis. Conversely, constitutively active Ras or mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) significantly diminished the ability of Src inhibitors to potentiate Chk1-inhibitor lethality. Moreover, Src/Chk1-inhibitor cotreatment attenuated MM-cell production of vascular endothelial growth factor and other angiogenic factors (eg, ANG [angiogenin], TIMP1/2 [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1/2], and RANTES [regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted]), and inhibited in vitro angiogenesis. Finally, coadministration of BMS354825 and UCN-01 suppressed human MM tumor growth in a murine xenograft model, increased apoptosis, and diminished angiogenesis. These findings suggest that Src kinase is required for Chk1-inhibitor-mediated Ras → ERK1/2 signaling activation, and that disruption of this event sharply potentiates the anti-MM activity of Chk1 inhi-bitors in vitro and in vivo.
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Funakoshi S, Kong J, Crissey MA, Dang L, Dang D, Lynch JP. Intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx2 induces E-cadherin function by enhancing the trafficking of E-cadherin to the cell membrane. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G1054-67. [PMID: 20671195 PMCID: PMC2993167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00297.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cdx2 is an intestine-specific transcription factor required for normal intestinal epithelium development. Cdx2 regulates the expression of intestine-specific genes and induces cell adhesion and columnar morphogenesis. Cdx2 also has tumor-suppressor properties, including the reduction of colon cancer cell proliferation and cell invasion, the latter due to its effects on cell adhesion. E-cadherin is a cell adhesion protein required for adherens junction formation and the establishment of intestinal cell polarity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which Cdx2 regulates E-cadherin function. Two colon cancer cell lines were identified in which Cdx2 expression was associated with increased cell-cell adhesion and diminished cell migration. In both cell lines, Cdx2 did not directly alter E-cadherin levels but increased its trafficking to the cell membrane compartment. Cdx2 enhanced this trafficking by altering receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity. Cdx2 expression diminished phosphorylated Abl and phosphorylated Rac levels, which are downstream effectors of RTKs. Specific chemical inhibition or short interfering RNA (shRNA) knockdown of c-Abl kinase phenocopied Cdx2's cell-cell adhesion effects. In Colo 205 cells, Cdx2 reduced PDGF receptor and IGF-I receptor activation. This was mediated by caveolin-1, which was induced by Cdx2. Targeted shRNA knockdown of caveolin-1 restored PDGF receptor and reversed E-cadherin membrane trafficking, despite Cdx2 expression. We conclude that Cdx2 regulates E-cadherin function indirectly by disrupting RTK activity and enhancing E-cadherin trafficking to the cell membrane compartment. This novel mechanism advances Cdx2's prodifferentiation and antitumor properties and suggests that Cdx2 may broadly regulate RTK activity in normal intestinal epithelium by modulating membrane trafficking of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Funakoshi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Jianping Kong
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Mary Ann Crissey
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Long Dang
- 2Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Duyen Dang
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John P. Lynch
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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Schenone S, Brullo C, Musumeci F, Botta M. Novel dual Src/Abl inhibitors for hematologic and solid malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:931-45. [PMID: 20557276 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.499898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD c-Src and Bcr-Abl are two non-receptor or cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (TKs) that play important roles in the development of solid and hematological malignancies. Indeed, Src is overexpressed or hyperactivated in a variety of solid tumors, while Bcr-Abl is the causative agent of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), where Src is also involved. The two enzymes share significant sequence homology and remarkable structural resemblance. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW ATP-competitive compounds originally developed as Src inhibitors, showed to be also potent Abl inhibitors. Dasatinib, the first dual Src/Abl inhibitor approved by the US FDA in 2006 for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML, is currently being tested in several clinical trials for the treatment of different solid tumors. SKI-606 and AZD0530 are two other important dual Src/Abl inhibitors extensively tested in animal models and in clinical trials, but not entered into therapy yet. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN In this review we will report the latest results regarding dasatinib, SKI-606 and AZD0530, but also the knowledge on new compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last few years, including AP24163, AP24534, XL228, DC2036. We will focus on the most recent clinical trials or on preclinical studies that are in progress on these small-molecule TK inhibitors that represent a targeted therapy with high potential against cancer. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Molecularly targeted therapies, including the inhibition of specific TKs hyperactivated or overexpressed in many human cancers, could be less toxic than the classical non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents; they could offer important therapeutic effects, especially if used in association with other agents such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- University of Genoa, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Viale Benedetto VX, Genoa, Italy.
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Boschelli F, Arndt K, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Bosutinib: a review of preclinical studies in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1781-9. [PMID: 20399641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bosutinib (SKI-606) is an orally active Src and Abl kinase inhibitor presently in Phase III trials for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and in Phase II trials for treatment of breast cancer. Bosutinib is a potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic agent in CML cells and inhibits Bcr-Abl mediated signalling at nanomolar concentrations. Short-term administration of bosutinib causes regression of K562 and KU812 CML tumour xenografts. BaF3 murine myeloid cells expressing wild-type Bcr-Abl are sensitive to bosutinib treatment, as are BaF3 cells expressing many imatinib-resistant forms of Bcr-Abl. Recent studies indicate that bosutinib is active against a broader spectrum of kinases than originally believed. These additional inhibitory activities have interesting possibilities for further clinical development. This review will focus on preclinical studies supporting the clinical development of bosutinib for treatment of CML, with a discussion on the broader potential of this agent in other oncology indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Boschelli
- Department of Oncology, Wyeth Research (Wyeth Research is Now Pfizer Research), Pearl River, NY, USA.
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Abstract
C-Src is infrequently mutated in human cancers but it mediates oncogenic signals of many activated growth factor receptors and thus remains a key target for cancer therapy. However, the broad function of Src in many cell types and processes requires evaluation of Src-targeted therapeutics within a normal developmental and immune-competent environment. In an effort to understand the appropriate clinical use of Src inhibitors, we tested an Src inhibitor, SKI-606 (bosutinib), in the MMTV-PyVmT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Tumor formation in this model is dependent on the presence of Src, but the necessity of Src kinase activity for tumor formation has not been determined. Furthermore, Src inhibitors have not been examined in an autochthonous tumor model that permits assessment of effects on different stages of tumor progression. Here we show that oral administration of SKI-606 inhibited the phosphorylation of Src in mammary tumors and caused a rapid decrease in the Ezh2 Polycomb group histone H3K27 methyltransferase and an increase in epithelial organization. SKI-606 prevented the appearance of palpable tumors in over 50% of the animals and stopped tumor growth in older animals with pre-existing tumors. These antitumor effects were accompanied by decreased cellular proliferation, altered tumor blood vessel organization and dramatically increased differentiation to lactational and epidermal cell fates. SKI-606 controls the development of mammary tumors by inducing differentiation.
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