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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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Chen Y, Cai Q, Pan C, Liu W, Li L, Liu J, Gao M, Li X, Wang L, Rao Y, Yang H, Cheng G. CDK2 Inhibition Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Increasing IFN Response to Endogenous Retroviruses. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:525-539. [PMID: 35181784 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) are commonly used against several solid tumors, and their primary mechanisms of action were thought to include cell proliferation arrest, induction of cancer cell apoptosis and induction of differentiation. Here, we found that CDK2 inhibition by either small molecular inhibitors or genetic Cdk2 deficiency promoted antitumor immunity in murine models of fibrosarcoma and lung carcinoma. Mechanistically, CDK2 inhibition reduced phosphorylation of RB protein and transcription of E2F-mediated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which resulted in increased expression of endogenous retroviral RNA and type I IFN (IFN-I) response. The increased IFN-I response subsequently promoted antitumor immunity by enhancing tumor antigen presentation and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Our studies provide evidence that inhibition of CDK2 in cancer cells suppresses tumor growth by enhancing antitumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a new mechanism to enhance antitumor immunity by CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Cai
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chaohu Pan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junxiao Liu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Gao
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Heng Yang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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3
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Hermanowicz JM, Szymanowska A, Sieklucka B, Czarnomysy R, Pawlak K, Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Kalafut J, Przybyszewska A, Surazynski A, Rivero-Muller A, Mojzych M, Pawlak D. Exploration of novel heterofused 1,2,4-triazine derivative in colorectal cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:535-548. [PMID: 33522320 PMCID: PMC7850456 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1879803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and in women. The impact of the new pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulphonamide (MM-129) was evaluated against human colon cancer in vitro and in zebrafish xenografts. Our results show that this new synthesised compound effectively inhibits cell survival in BTK-dependent mechanism. Its effectiveness is much higher at a relatively low concentration as compared with the standard chemotherapy used for CRC, i.e. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Flow cytometry analysis after annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining revealed that apoptosis was the main response of CRC cells to MM-129 treatment. We also found that MM-129 effectively inhibits tumour development in zebrafish embryo xenograft model, where it showed a markedly synergistic anticancer effect when used in combination with 5-FU. The above results suggest that this novel heterofused 1,2,4-triazine derivative may be a promising candidate for further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agent against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Alghasi A, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Jalali A, Jamshidi M, Khodadadi A. Survivin as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker for thyroid cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:619-625. [PMID: 30683476 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is known as the most prevalent form of endocrine malignancy. With regard to high heterogeneity of the nodules, problem of discriminating between benign and malignant ones in terms of pathological characteristics, as well as lack of appropriate molecular markers; significant efforts are being made to identify molecular markers that able to detect tumorous lesions. Survivin, the newest member of the family of proteins inhibiting cell apoptosis, has been recently considered as a novel molecule marker for cancer. Studies on TC have also demonstrated distinctive expression of survivin and its splice variants in cancer cells compared to normal ones. Therefore, detection of survivin expression and its new splice variants can be utilized to identify tumor nodules and distinguish them from non-cancerous ones, along with other routine laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Alghasi
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Akram Jalali
- Department of Genetic & Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Yu Y, Shang R, Chen Y, Li J, Liang Z, Hu J, Liu K, Chen C. Tumor suppressive ZBTB4 inhibits cell growth by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:108-115. [PMID: 29425745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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6
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Gary C, Hajek M, Biktasova A, Bellinger G, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. Selective antitumor activity of roscovitine in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38598-38611. [PMID: 27233076 PMCID: PMC5122414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy that are commonly used to treat human cancers damage cellular DNA. DNA damage appears to be more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells, most likely due to deregulated checkpoint activation and/or deficiency in DNA repair pathways that are characteristics of many tumors. However, unwanted side effects arise as a result of DNA damage to normal cells during the treatment. Here, we show that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that inhibits CDK-1, CDK-2, CDK-5, CDK-7, and CDK-9 due to competitive binding to the ATP site on the kinases, causes significant DNA damage followed by p53-dependent cell death in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive, but not in HPV-negative, head and neck cancer cells. Since HPV positivity was a molecular marker for increased sensitivity of cells to roscovitine, we reasoned that systemic roscovitine administration would not be toxic to healthy HPV-negative tissue. Indeed, low roscovitine doses significantly inhibited the growth of HPV-associated xenografted tumors in mice without causing any detectable side effects. Given that inhibition of CDKs has been shown to inhibit replication of several viruses, we suggest that roscovitine treatment may represent a selective and safe targeted therapeutic option against HPV-positive head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Gary
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michael Hajek
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Asel Biktasova
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Current address: Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Australia
| | - Gary Bellinger
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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7
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Naumann JA, Widen JC, Jonart LA, Ebadi M, Tang J, Gordon DJ, Harki DA, Gordon PM. SN-38 Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Activated by Ewing Sarcoma Specific mRNAs Exhibit In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1111-1118. [PMID: 29412642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The limited delivery of chemotherapy agents to cancer cells and the nonspecific action of these agents are significant challenges in oncology. We have previously developed a customizable drug delivery and activation system in which a nucleic acid functionalized gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) delivers a drug that is selectively activated within a cancer cell by the presence of an mRNA unique to the cancer cell. The amount of drug released from sequestration to the Au-NP is determined by both the presence and the abundance of the cancer cell specific mRNA in a cell. We have now developed this technology for the potent, but difficult to deliver, topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38. Herein, we demonstrate both the efficient delivery and selective release of SN-38 from gold nanoparticles in Ewing sarcoma cells with resulting efficacy in vitro and in vivo. These results provide further preclinical validation for this novel cancer therapy and may be extendable to other cancers that exhibit sensitivity to topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Naumann
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | - Leslie A Jonart
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | | | - Peter M Gordon
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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8
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Huang CY, Ju DT, Chang CF, Muralidhar Reddy P, Velmurugan BK. A review on the effects of current chemotherapy drugs and natural agents in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 29130448 PMCID: PMC5682982 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and this makes it an attractive disease to review and possibly improve therapeutic treatment options. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy separate or in combination are commonly used to treat lung cancer. However, these treatment types may cause different side effects, and chemotherapy-based regimens appear to have reached a therapeutic plateau. Hence, effective, better-tolerated treatments are needed to address and hopefully overcome this conundrum. Recent advances have enabled biologists to better investigate the potential use of natural compounds for the treatment or control of various cancerous diseases. For the past 30 years, natural compounds have been the pillar of chemotherapy. However, only a few compounds have been tested in cancerous patients and only partial evidence is available regarding their clinical effectiveness. Herein, we review the research on using current chemotherapy drugs and natural compounds (Wortmannin and Roscovitine, Cordyceps militaris, Resveratrol, OSU03013, Myricetin, Berberine, Antroquinonol) and the beneficial effects they have on various types of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer. Based on this literature review, we propose the use of these compounds along with chemotherapy drugs in patients with advanced and/or refractory solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - P Muralidhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500001, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Ziemann F, Seltzsam S, Dreffke K, Preising S, Arenz A, Subtil FSB, Rieckmann T, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Dikomey E, Wittig A. Roscovitine strongly enhances the effect of olaparib on radiosensitivity for HPV neg. but not for HPV pos. HNSCC cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105170-105183. [PMID: 29285242 PMCID: PMC5739629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, advanced stage human Papillomavirus (HPV) negative and positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are treated by intense multimodal therapy that includes radiochemotherapy, which are associated with relevant side effects. Patients with HPV positive tumors possess a far better prognosis than those with HPV negative cancers. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the outcome especially of the latter one as well as quality of life for all HNSCC patients. Here we tested whether roscovitine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which hereby also blocks homologous recombination (HR), can be used to enhance the radiation sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines. In all five HPV negative and HPV positive cell lines tested, roscovitine caused inhibition of CDK1 and 2. Surprisingly, all HPV positive cell lines were found to be defective in HR. In contrast, HPV negative strains demonstrated efficient HR, which was completely suppressed by roscovitine. In line with this, for HPV negative but not for HPV positive cell lines, treatment with roscovitine resulted in a pronounced enhancement of the radiation-induced G2 arrest as well as a significant increase in radiosensitivity. Due to a defect in HR, all HPV positive cell lines were efficiently radiosensitized by the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib. In contrast, in HPV negative cell lines a significant radiosensitization by olaparib was only achieved when combined with roscovitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ziemann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Dreffke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Preising
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Arenz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florentine S B Subtil
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Laboratory for Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Engenhart-Cabillic
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittig
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital GieΔen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Roscovitine Protects From Arterial Injury by Regulating the Expressions of c-Jun and p27 and Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:161-169. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Jiang ZX, Qiu S, Lou BS, Yang Y, Wang WC, Lin XF. Roscovitine ameliorates endotoxin-induced uveitis through neutrophil apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1083-90. [PMID: 27279017 PMCID: PMC4940085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been recognized as critical response cells during the pathogenesis of endotoxin‑induced uveitis (EIU). Apoptosis of neutrophils induced by roscovitine has previously been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammation in several in vivo models. The present study aimed to assess whether roscovitine ameliorates EIU. EIU was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by a single intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 250 ng). The mice were divided into three groups as follows: LPS alone, LPS plus vehicle, LPS plus roscovitine (50 mg/kg). The mice were euthanized 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after LPS‑induced uveitis. Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the vitreous body was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and quantified following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling was performed to detect of apoptotic cells. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the changes in protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. Inflammatory cells accumulated in the vitreous near the optic nerve head and the quantity peaked at 24 h after LPS injection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the majority of the inflammatory cells were neutrophils. The number of infiltrating cells was similar in the LPS and LPS plus vehicle groups, while there were significantly less in the roscovitine group at 24 h. Apoptosis of neutrophils was observed between 12 and 48 h after roscovitine injection, while no apoptosis was observed in the other groups. The mRNA expression levels of GMCSF, CINC‑1 and ICAM‑1 peaked at 12 h after LPS injection, and decreased to normal levels at 72 h. This trend in mRNA expression was similar in the LPS and LPS plus vehicle groups; however, the expression levels decreased more quickly in the roscovitine group at 24 and 48 h. Following roscovitine administration, upregulated cleaved caspase 3 expression levels and downregulated Mcl‑1 expression levels were observed. In conclusion, roscovitine ameliorates EIU by effecting neutrophil apoptosis. Timely apoptosis of neutrophils may be an effective process to promote the amelioration of EIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Suo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Sheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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12
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Jabbour-Leung NA, Chen X, Bui T, Jiang Y, Yang D, Vijayaraghavan S, McArthur MJ, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Sequential Combination Therapy of CDK Inhibition and Doxorubicin Is Synthetically Lethal in p53-Mutant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:593-607. [PMID: 26826118 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy in which the tumors lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Hence, TNBC patients cannot benefit from clinically available targeted therapies and rely on chemotherapy and surgery for treatment. While initially responding to chemotherapy, TNBC patients are at increased risk of developing distant metastasis and have decreased overall survival compared with non-TNBC patients. A majority of TNBC tumors carry p53 mutations, enabling them to bypass the G1 checkpoint and complete the cell cycle even in the presence of DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNBC cells are sensitive to cell-cycle-targeted combination therapy, which leaves nontransformed cells unharmed. Our findings demonstrate that sequential administration of the pan-CDK inhibitor roscovitine before doxorubicin treatment is synthetically lethal explicitly in TNBC cells. Roscovitine treatment arrests TNBC cells in the G2-M cell-cycle phase, priming them for DNA damage. Combination treatment increased frequency of DNA double-strand breaks, while simultaneously reducing recruitment of homologous recombination proteins compared with doxorubicin treatment alone. Furthermore, this combination therapy significantly reduced tumor volume and increased overall survival compared with single drug or concomitant treatment in xenograft studies. Examination of isogenic immortalized human mammary epithelial cells and isogenic tumor cell lines found that abolishment of the p53 pathway is required for combination-induced cytotoxicity, making p53 a putative predictor of response to therapy. By exploiting the specific biologic and molecular characteristics of TNBC tumors, this innovative therapy can greatly impact the treatment and care of TNBC patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 593-607. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Jabbour-Leung
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tuyen Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Smruthi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J McArthur
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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13
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Why (multi)targeting of cyclin-dependent kinases is a promising therapeutic option for hormone-positive breast cancer and beyond. Future Med Chem 2015; 8:55-72. [PMID: 26692095 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, via induction of their specific receptors (e.g., ER-α), regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis in mammary epithelium. Cell-cycle progression is driven by activation of complexes consisting of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, which also modulate the activity of ER-α. Loss of control over the cell-cycle results in accelerated cell division and malignant transformation. Thus, a reciprocal relation exists between estrogen signaling and cell proliferation. Based on these findings, a new concept was developed to reduce ER-α activity and bring the cell cycle in transformed cells to heel. Prevention of ER-α activation and control over the deregulated cell cycle was achieved by supplementation with pharmacological CDK inhibitors alone or in combination with selective antiestrogens.
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Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A, Stankunas E, Levy J, Meskinyte I, Stankevicius V, Kaupinis A, Valius M. Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207228 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine [CY-202, (R)-Roscovitine, Seliciclib] is a small molecule that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through direct competition at the ATP-binding site. It is a broad-range purine inhibitor, which inhibits CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7, but is a poor inhibitor for CDK4 and CDK6. Roscovitine is widely used as a biological tool in cell cycle, cancer, apoptosis and neurobiology studies. Moreover, it is currently evaluated as a potential drug to treat cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, viral infections, polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. This review focuses on the use of roscovitine in the disease model as well as clinical model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karthik Kalyan
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Sorokinas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Stankunas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Josh Levy
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Khalil HS, Mitev V, Vlaykova T, Cavicchi L, Zhelev N. Discovery and development of Seliciclib. How systems biology approaches can lead to better drug performance. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:40-9. [PMID: 25747275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seliciclib (R-Roscovitine) was identified as an inhibitor of CDKs and has undergone drug development and clinical testing as an anticancer agent. In this review, the authors describe the discovery of Seliciclib and give a brief summary of the biology of the CDKs Seliciclib inhibits. An overview of the published in vitro and in vivo work supporting the development as an anti-cancer agent, from in vitro experiments to animal model studies ending with a summary of the clinical trial results and trials underway is presented. In addition some potential non-oncology applications are explored and the potential mode of action of Seliciclib in these areas is described. Finally the authors argue that optimisation of the therapeutic effects of kinase inhibitors such as Seliciclib could be enhanced using a systems biology approach involving mathematical modelling of the molecular pathways regulating cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal S Khalil
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Cavicchi
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- CMCBR, SIMBIOS, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK.
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16
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Sengupta A, Rahman M, Mateo-Lozano S, Tirado OM, Notario V. The dual inhibitory effect of thiostrepton on FoxM1 and EWS/FLI1 provides a novel therapeutic option for Ewing's sarcoma. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:803-12. [PMID: 23857410 PMCID: PMC3787886 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), together with its high lethal recurrence rate and the side-effects of current treatments, call for novel targeted therapies with greater curative effectiveness and substantially reduced side-effects. The oncogenic chimeric protein EWS/FLI1 is the key malignancy driver in most EWSs, regulating numerous target genes, many of which influence cell cycle progression. It has often been argued that targeting proteins regulated directly or indirectly by EWS/FLI1 may provide improved therapeutic options for EWS. In this context, our study examined FoxM1, a key cell cycle regulating transcription factor, reported to be expressed in EWS and influenced by EWS/FLI1. Thiostrepton, a naturally occurring small molecule, has been shown to selectively inhibit FoxM1 expression in cancer cells. We demonstrate that in EWS, in addition to inhibiting FoxM1 expression, thiostrepton downregulates the expression of EWS/FLI1, both at the mRNA and protein levels, leading to cell cycle arrest and, ultimately, to apoptotic cell death. We also show that thiostrepton treatment reduces the tumorigenicity of EWS cells, significantly delaying the growth of nude mouse xenograft tumors. Results from this study demonstrate a novel action of thiostrepton as inhibitor of the expression of the EWS/FLI1 oncoprotein in vitro and in vivo, and that it shows greater efficacy against EWS than against other tumor types, as it is active on EWS cells and tumors at concentrations lower than those reported to have effective inhibitory activity on tumor cells derived from other cancers. Owing to the dual action of this small molecule, our findings suggest that thiostrepton may be particularly effective as a novel agent for the treatment of EWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sengupta
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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17
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Cui C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Peng S. Exploring the Relationship between the Inhibition Selectivity and the Apoptosis of Roscovitine-Treated Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:389390. [PMID: 23691435 PMCID: PMC3649549 DOI: 10.1155/2013/389390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF ROSCOVITINE WAS TESTED IN FOUR CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELLS: C33A, HCE-1, HeLa, and SiHa. The effects of roscovitine on ATP Lite assay, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed. The Sub-G1 DNA content occurred great increasing, and this indicates that apoptosis was induced quickly in HeLa cells, but slowly in the other cells. The morphological observation results showed that roscovitine induced apoptosis and cell death in the cervical carcinoma cells. Results revealed that roscovitine exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards 4 cervical carcinoma cells, and the cells showed different morphologic and apoptotic changes at the same concentration. It was estimated that cervical carcinoma cells responded differently to roscovitine because of differences in apoptotic and genetic background in different cervical carcinoma cells. This study suggested that roscovitine had the potential to be a chemotherapeutic agent against cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Medical Experiment and Test Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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18
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Martín Liberal J, Lagares-Tena L, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Mateo-Lozano S, García del Muro X, Tirado OM. Targeted therapies in sarcomas: challenging the challenge. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:626094. [PMID: 22701332 PMCID: PMC3372278 DOI: 10.1155/2012/626094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies that very often lead to death. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for most sarcomas but there are few active drugs and clinical results still remain very poor. Thus, there is an imperious need to find new therapeutic alternatives in order to improve sarcoma patient's outcome. During the last years, there have been described a number of new molecular pathways that have allowed us to know more about cancer biology and tumorigenesis. Sarcomas are one of the tumors in which more advances have been made. Identification of specific chromosomal translocations, some important pathways characterization such as mTOR pathway or the insulin-like growth factor pathway, the stunning development in angiogenesis knowledge, and brand new agents like viruses have lead to the development of new therapeutic options with promising results. This paper makes an exhaustive review of preclinical and clinical evidence of the most recent targeted therapies in sarcomas and provides a future view of treatments that may lead to improve prognosis of patients affected with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martín Liberal
- Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Lagares-Tena
- Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier García del Muro
- Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Lissat A, Chao MM, Kontny U. Targeted therapy in Ewing sarcoma. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:609439. [PMID: 22690342 PMCID: PMC3368441 DOI: 10.5402/2012/609439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite marked improvement in the prognosis of patients with nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES), the outcome for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease remains poor. Insight into key biologic processes in ES could provide new therapeutic targets. The particular biologic feature of ES, the fusion of the EWS gene with a member of the ETS family of genes, is present in >95% of cases. The EWS-ETS chimeric protein leads to aberrant transcription that promotes tumor initiation and propagation via prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways. Recent research has identified cooperating mutations important for ES tumorigenesis. This paper provides a summary of the latest research in ES and discusses potential novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lissat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Liu DZ, Ander BP. Cell cycle inhibition without disruption of neurogenesis is a strategy for treatment of aberrant cell cycle diseases: an update. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:491737. [PMID: 22547985 PMCID: PMC3323905 DOI: 10.1100/2012/491737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since publishing our earlier report describing a strategy for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases by inhibiting the cell cycle and without disrupting neurogenesis (Liu et al. 2010), we now update and extend this strategy to applications in the treatment of cancers as well. Here, we put forth the concept of "aberrant cell cycle diseases" to include both cancer and CNS diseases, the two unrelated disease types on the surface, by focusing on a common mechanism in each aberrant cell cycle reentry. In this paper, we also summarize the pharmacological approaches that interfere with classical cell cycle molecules and mitogenic pathways to block the cell cycle of tumor cells (in treatment of cancer) as well as to block the cell cycle of neurons (in treatment of CNS diseases). Since cell cycle inhibition can also block proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and thus impair brain neurogenesis leading to cognitive deficits, we propose that future strategies aimed at cell cycle inhibition in treatment of aberrant cell cycle diseases (i.e., cancers or CNS diseases) should be designed with consideration of the important side effects on normal neurogenesis and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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21
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The impact of CDK inhibition in human malignancies associated with pronounced defects in apoptosis: advantages of multi-targeting small molecules. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:395-424. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related diseases are heterogeneous and consist primarily of long-lived resting cells in the periphery and a minor subset of dividing cells in proliferating centers. Both cell populations have different molecular signatures that play a major role in determining their sensitivity to therapy. Contemporary approaches to treating CLL are heavily reliant on cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. However, none of the current treatment regimens can be considered curative. Pharmacological CDK inhibitors have extended the repertoire of potential drugs for CLL. Multi-targeted CDK inhibitors affect CDKs involved in regulating both cell cycle progression and transcription. Their interference with transcriptional elongation represses anti-apoptotic proteins and, thus, promotes the induction of apoptosis. Importantly, there is evidence that treatment with CDK inhibitors can overcome resistance to therapy. The pharmacological CDK inhibitors have great potential for use in combination with other therapeutics and represent promising tools for the development of new curative treatments for CLL.
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22
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Çoker A, Arısan ED, Palavan-Ünsal N. Silencing of the polyamine catabolic key enzyme SSAT prevents CDK inhibitor-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:1037-42. [PMID: 22294330 PMCID: PMC3493106 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Roscovitine and purvalanol are purine derivative cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells. However, their impact on the apoptotic cell death mechanism requires further elucidation. Natural polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. Intracellular polyamine levels are under the control of several catabolic enzymes, such as spermidine/spermine-N-acetyl transferase (SSAT), acetylpolyamine oxidase (APAO) and spermine oxidase (SMO), which could be altered by several therapeutic drugs. However, the possible role of polyamines in drug-induced apoptosis has yet to be clarified. In the present study, our aim was to determine the modulation of the polyamine catabolic pathway related to CDK inhibitor-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. We found that roscovitine and purvalanol (each 20 μM) induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and -3, and inhibiting the mitochondrial membrane potential in Caco-2 cells. CDK inhibitors decreased the intracellular putrescine and spermine levels without affecting spermidine levels. Although both roscovitine and purvalanol induced SSAT expression, they did not exert a significant effect on the APAO expression profile. SSAT transient silencing prevented roscovitine-induced apoptosis compared to parental cells. Thus, we concluded that roscovitine and purvalanol significantly induce apoptosis in Caco-2 cells by modulating the polyamine catabolism, and that SSAT could be an important target in evaluating the potential role of polyamines in apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Çoker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Pushkarev VV, Kovzun OI, Pushkarev VM, Tronko MD. The effect of the combined action of roscovitine and Paclitaxel on the apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in colon and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:826305. [PMID: 25969761 PMCID: PMC4392990 DOI: 10.5402/2012/826305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To study the significance of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in paclitaxel-dependent apoptosis in colon and undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (KTC-2) and colon carcinoma (ARO) cell lines. Cells were treated with paclitaxel (Ptx) and inhibitor of Cdk, roscovitine. Cell survival test and Western blotting were used for characterization of the effects of paclitaxel and roscovitine on cancer cells. Results. It was shown that not c-Jun N-terminal kinase, but cyclin-dependent kinases are responsible for antiapoptotic Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Cdk inhibition enhanced the cytotoxic effects of Ptx at low drug concentrations. There was antagonism between Ptx and roscovitine at higher (25 nM) paclitaxel concentrations. Conclusion. Using of paclitaxel at low (2.5 to 5 nM) concentrations and roscovitine is a promising combination for further preclinical trials for the development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of colon and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Pushkarev
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Endocrinology, State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism", AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - O I Kovzun
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Endocrinology, State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism", AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - V M Pushkarev
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Endocrinology, State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism", AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - M D Tronko
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Endocrinology, State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism", AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
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24
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Winter GE, Rix U, Lissat A, Stukalov A, Müllner MK, Bennett KL, Colinge J, Nijman SM, Kubicek S, Kovar H, Kontny U, Superti-Furga G. An Integrated Chemical Biology Approach Identifies Specific Vulnerability of Ewing's Sarcoma to Combined Inhibition of Aurora Kinases A and B. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1846-56. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Walsby E, Lazenby M, Pepper C, Burnett AK. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor SNS-032 has single agent activity in AML cells and is highly synergistic with cytarabine. Leukemia 2011; 25:411-9. [PMID: 21212792 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SNS-032 (BMS-387032) is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated its effects on primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples (n=87). In vitro exposure to SNS-032 for 48 h resulted in a mean LD(50) of 139±203 nM; Cytarabine (Ara-C) was more than 35 times less potent in the same cohort. SNS-032-induced a dose-dependent increase in annexin V staining and caspase-3 activation. At the molecular level, SNS-032 induced a marked dephosphorylation of serine 2 and 5 of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) II and inhibited the expression of CDK2 and CDK9 and dephosphorylated CDK7. Furthermore, the combination of SNS-032 and Ara-C showed remarkable synergy that was associated with reduced mRNA levels of the antiapoptotic genes XIAP, BCL2 and MCL1. In conclusion, SNS-032 is effective as a single agent and in combination with Ara-C in primary AML blasts. Treatment with Ara-C alone significantly induced the transcription of the antiapoptotic genes BCL2 and XIAP. In contrast, the combination of SNS-032 and Ara-C suppressed the transcription of BCL2, XIAP and MCL1. Therefore, the combination of SNS-032 and Ara-C may increase the sensitivity of AML cells to the cytotoxic effects of Ara-C by inhibiting the transcription of antiapoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Walsby
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Ishimaru T, Lau J, Jackson AL, Modiano JF, Weiss RH. Pharmacological Inhibition of Cyclin Dependent Kinases Causes p53 Dependent Apoptosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Urol 2010; 184:2143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuto Ishimaru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jasmine Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Amy L. Jackson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert H. Weiss
- Medical Service, Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from muscle, fat and connective tissue. Currently, over 75 subtypes of STS are recognized. The rarity and heterogeneity of patient samples complicate clinical investigations into sarcoma biology. Model organisms might provide traction to our understanding and treatment of the disease. Over the past 10 years, many successful animal models of STS have been developed, primarily genetically engineered mice and zebrafish. These models are useful for studying the relevant oncogenes, signaling pathways and other cell changes involved in generating STSs. Recently, these model systems have become preclinical platforms in which to evaluate new drugs and treatment regimens. Thus, animal models are useful surrogates for understanding STS disease susceptibility and pathogenesis as well as for testing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Galons H, Oumata N, Meijer L. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: a survey of recent patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:377-404. [PMID: 20180621 DOI: 10.1517/13543770903524284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Abnormalities in protein phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been observed in numerous major human diseases, which has strongly encouraged the search for pharmacological inhibitors. Almost 10 years after the first compounds entered clinical studies, numerous CDK inhibitors with differing selectivity profiles are now undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, these intensive searches have not yet resulted in drug approvals. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This paper reviews patent activity associated with these efforts during the 2005 - 2008 period. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will rapidly obtain an overview of the majority of CDK inhibitor scaffolds; they will discover which companies are the main players in the field and acquire information on products that have reached the clinical phases. TAKE HOME MESSAGE In most cases, applications have been claimed in the field of cancer; however, potential applications of CDK inhibitors in other therapeutic areas are regularly reported and could herald therapeutic introduction over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Galons
- INSERM U648, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Development of chemotherapeutic treatment modalities resulted in a dramatic increase in the survival of children with many types of cancer. Still, in case of some pediatric cancer entities including rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, survival of patients remains dismal and novel treatment approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, based on the concept of targeted therapy, numerous potential targets for the treatment of these cancers have been evaluated pre-clinically or in some cases even clinically during the last decade. This review gives an overview over many different potential therapeutic targets for treatment of these childhood sarcomas, including receptor tyrosine kinases, intracellular signaling molecules, cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, proteasome, hsp90, histone deacetylases, angiogenesis regulators and sarcoma specific fusion proteins. The large number of potential therapeutic targets suggests that improved comparability of pre-clinical models might be necessary to prioritize the most effective ones for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wachtel
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Oncology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Tirado OM, MacCarthy CM, Fatima N, Villar J, Mateo-Lozano S, Notario V. Caveolin-1 promotes resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in Ewing's sarcoma cells by modulating PKCalpha phosphorylation. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:426-36. [PMID: 19609943 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways and in oncogenesis. Previously, we identified CAV1 as a key determinant of the oncogenic phenotype and tumorigenic activity of cells from tumors of the Ewing's Sarcoma Family (ESFT). However, the possible CAV1 involvement in the chemotherapy resistance commonly presented by an ESFT subset has not been established to date. This report shows that CAV1 expression determines the sensitivity of ESFT cells to clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents. Analyses of endogenous CAV1 levels in several ESFT cells and ectopic CAV1 expression into ESFT cells expressing low endogenous CAV1 showed that the higher the CAV1 levels, the greater their resistance to drug treatment. Moreover, results from antisense- and shRNA-mediated gene expression knockdown and protein re-expression experiments demonstrated that CAV1 increases the resistance of ESFT cells to doxorubicin (Dox)- and cisplatin (Cp)-induced apoptosis by a mechanism involving the activating phosphorylation of PKCalpha. CAV1 knockdown in ESFT cells led to decreased phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha levels and a concomitant sensitization to apoptosis, which were reversed by CAV1 re-expression. These results were recapitulated by PKCalpha knockdown and re-expression in ESFT cells in which CAV1 was previously knocked down, thus demonstrating that phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha acts downstream of CAV1 to determine the sensitivity of ESFT cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. These data, along with the finding that CAV1 and phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha are co-expressed in approximately 45% of ESFT specimens tested, imply that targeting CAV1 and/or PKCalpha may allow the development of new molecular therapeutic strategies to improve the treatment outcome for patients with ESFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Tirado
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Centre d'Oncología Molecular, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Galimberti F, Thompson SL, Liu X, Li H, Memoli V, Green SR, DiRenzo J, Greninger P, Sharma SV, Settleman J, Compton DA, Dmitrovsky E. Targeting the cyclin E-Cdk-2 complex represses lung cancer growth by triggering anaphase catastrophe. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 16:109-20. [PMID: 20028770 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and their associated cyclins are targets for lung cancer therapy and chemoprevention given their frequent deregulation in lung carcinogenesis. This study uncovered previously unrecognized consequences of targeting the cyclin E-Cdk-2 complex in lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cyclin E, Cdk-1, and Cdk-2 were individually targeted for repression with siRNAs in lung cancer cell lines. Cdk-2 was also pharmacologically inhibited with the reversible kinase inhibitor seliciclib. Potential reversibility of seliciclib effects was assessed in washout experiments. Findings were extended to a large panel of cancer cell lines using a robotic-based platform. Consequences of cyclin E-Cdk-2 inhibition on chromosome stability and on in vivo tumorigenicity were explored as were effects of combining seliciclib with different taxanes in lung cancer cell lines. RESULTS Targeting the cyclin E-Cdk-2 complex, but not Cdk-1, resulted in marked growth inhibition through the induction of multipolar anaphases triggering apoptosis. Treatment with the Cdk-2 kinase inhibitor seliciclib reduced lung cancer formation in a murine syngeneic lung cancer model and decreased immunohistochemical detection of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in lung dysplasia spontaneously arising in a transgenic cyclin E-driven mouse model. Combining seliciclib with a taxane resulted in augmented growth inhibition and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Pharmacogenomic analysis revealed that lung cancer cell lines with mutant ras were especially sensitive to seliciclib. CONCLUSIONS Induction of multipolar anaphases leading to anaphase catastrophe is a previously unrecognized mechanism engaged by targeting the cyclin E-Cdk-2 complex. This exerts substantial antineoplastic effects in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Galimberti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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Liu DZ, Ander BP, Sharp FR. Cell cycle inhibition without disruption of neurogenesis is a strategy for treatment of central nervous system diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:549-57. [PMID: 19944161 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, the cell cycle is regarded as the process leading to cellular proliferation. However, increasing evidence over the last decade supports the notion that neuronal cell cycle re-entry results in post-mitotic death. A mature neuron that re-enters the cell cycle can neither advance to a new G0 quiescent state nor revert to its earlier G0 state. This presents a critical dilemma to the neuron from which death may be an unavoidable but necessary outcome for adult neurons attempting to complete the cell cycle. In contrast, tumor cells that undergo aberrant cell cycle re-entry divide and can survive. Thus, cell cycle inhibition strategies are of interest in cancer treatment but may also represent an important means of protecting neurons. In this review, we put forth the concept of the "expanded cell cycle" and summarize the cell cycle proteins, signal transduction events and mitogenic molecules that can drive a neuron into the cell cycle in various CNS diseases. We also discuss the pharmacological approaches that interfere with the mitogenic pathways and prevent mature neurons from attempting cell cycle re-entry, protecting them from cell death. Lastly, future attempts at blocking the cell cycle to rescue mature neurons from injury should be designed so as to not block normal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Zhang F, Zhang T, Jiang T, Zhang R, Teng ZH, Li C, Gu ZP, Mei Q. Wortmannin potentiates roscovitine-induced growth inhibition in human solid tumor cells by repressing PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Lett 2009; 286:232-9. [PMID: 19541408 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Roscovitine has been reported to have anti-tumor effects in some cancer cell lines. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which activates protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, is known to mediate cell survival. The current study examined the role of wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, as a chemosensitizer for roscovitine and its proposed mechanism of action. The results showed that wortmannin significantly chemosensitized three human tumor cell lines (A549, HCT116 and HeLa cells). In A549 cells, wortmannin increased roscovitine-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was correlated with the inhibition of phosphorylated PKB/Akt level. Wortmannin enhanced the effects of roscovitine by causing pronounced reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) and increases of cytochrome c release and active caspase-3, as well as enhanced activation of Bax and Bad, including Bax oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Bax and Bad. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the potential application of roscovitine/wormannin combination in clinical treatment for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Hui ABY, Yue S, Shi W, Alajez NM, Ito E, Green SR, Frame S, O'Sullivan B, Liu FF. Therapeutic efficacy of seliciclib in combination with ionizing radiation for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3716-24. [PMID: 19470731 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Seliciclib is a small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which has been reported to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Because most nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients harbor EBV, we proceeded to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of seliciclib in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cytotoxicity of seliciclib was investigated in the EBV-positive cell line C666-1 and the C666-1 and C15 xenograft models. Caspase activities and cell cycle analyses were measured by flow cytometry. Efficacy of combined treatment of seliciclib with radiation therapy was also evaluated. RESULTS Seliciclib caused significant cytotoxicity in the C666-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with accumulation of cells in both sub-G(1) and G(2)-M phases, indicative of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, respectively. Caspase-2, -3, -8, and -9 activities were all increased, with caspase-3 being the most significantly activated at 48 h after treatment. These cells also showed a reduction of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein levels. Combined treatment of seliciclib with radiation therapy showed a synergistic interaction with enhanced cytotoxicity in C666-1 cells and delayed repair of double-strand DNA breaks. For in vivo models, significant delays in tumor growth were observed for both C666-1 and C15 tumors, which were associated with enhanced apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemistry analyses. CONCLUSIONS Seliciclib enhanced the antitumor efficacy of radiation therapy in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma, characterized by G(2)-M arrest, and apoptosis, associated with an induction in caspase activity. This process is mediated by reduction in Mcl-1 expression and by attenuation of double-strand DNA break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Y Hui
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
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35
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Popowycz F, Fournet G, Schneider C, Bettayeb K, Ferandin Y, Lamigeon C, Tirado OM, Mateo-Lozano S, Notario V, Colas P, Bernard P, Meijer L, Joseph B. Pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine as a purine bioisostere: access to potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (R)-roscovitine analogue. J Med Chem 2009; 52:655-63. [PMID: 19128055 DOI: 10.1021/jm801340z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have a wide therapeutic potential. Among the CDK inhibitors currently under clinical trials, the 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine (R)-roscovitine displays rather high selectivity, low toxicity, and promising antitumor activity. In an effort to improve this structure, we synthesized several bioisosteres of roscovitine. Surprisingly, one of them, pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine 7a (N-&-N1, GP0210), displayed significantly higher potency, compared to (R)-roscovitine and imidazo[2,1-f]-1,2,4-triazine 13 (N-&-N2, GP0212), at inhibiting various CDKs and at inducing cell death in a wide variety of human tumor cell lines. This approach may thus provide second generation analogues with enhanced biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Popowycz
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moleculaires et Supramoleculaires, UMR-CNRS 5246, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 1, Universite de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Batiment Curien, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Park JY, Park SH, Weiss RH. Disparate effects of roscovitine on renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence: implications for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2008; 29:509-15. [PMID: 19066425 DOI: 10.1159/000184590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Control of apoptosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and in at least some cancers is likely regulated by the endogenous cyclin kinase inhibitor p21, levels of this protein being decreased in ADPKD and increased in many malignancies. The cyclin kinase inhibitor roscovitine has shown efficacy in treatment of murine PKD. We asked how a single agent can be efficacious in both PKD and cancer. METHODS Renal tubular epithelial cells were incubated at diverse roscovitine concentrations; apoptosis and senescence were measured. Subsequently, levels of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins were evaluated. RESULTS Renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to 'low' concentrations of roscovitine showed minimal apoptosis in association with markedly increased levels of the antiapoptotic protein p21, and these cells became senescent. Conversely, cells exposed to 'high' levels of roscovitine became apoptotic. The mechanism of antiapoptosis and senescence with 'low'-dose roscovitine involves augmentation of the antiapoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Data in this study provide a mechanistic explanation of how roscovitine is effective in PKD, and suggest that further study of this agent should focus on assessment of dose response. Furthermore, our discovery of senescence induced by a PKD effective drug suggests a new area of therapeutic investigation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zhang F, Zhang T, Gu ZP, Zhou YA, Han Y, Li XF, Wang XP, Cheng QS, Mei QB. Enhancement of radiosensitivity by roscovitine pretreatment in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:541-548. [PMID: 18728343 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.08024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine has been reported to have anti-proliferative properties and is in process of undergoing clinical trials. In addition to its intrinsic anticancer properties, it has recently been suggested that roscovitine may also enhance the activity of traditional chemo- and radio- therapies in certain cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to define the activity of roscovitine in increasing radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 cells in vitro. A549 cells were exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) of gamma-ray with or without roscovitine pretreatment. Clonogenic assay was performed and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of PARP, Ku70 and Ku80 proteins was detected by Western blot. The active form of caspase-3 positive cells were measured by flow cytometry. Our results showed that roscovitine caused dose-dependent apoptosis in A549 cells. Pretreatment with minimally toxic concentration of roscovitine significantly radiosensitized A549 cells by inhibiting colony formation. We then examined potential mechanisms that may contribute to the enhanced radiation response induced by roscovitine. Our results showed that the combination treatment significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells compared to roscovitine or IR treatment alone. Meanwhile, in the co-treatment group, the percentage of cells with the active form of caspase-3 was markedly increased, while roscovitine or IR alone had little effect. Roscovitine decreased S phase cells when used alone or in sequential combination with IR. Furthermore, this combination treatment blocked DNA repair process after IR, indicated by down regulation of Ku70 and Ku80 proteins, while the singly used treatment did not. Taken together, these results suggest that roscovitine has the potential to act as a radio-sensitizer in A549 cells by promoting caspase-3 activity and increasing apoptosis, affecting cell cycle distribution and impairing DNA repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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38
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Effect of seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) on lymphocyte alloreactivity and acute kidney allograft rejection in rat. Transplantation 2008; 85:1476-82. [PMID: 18497689 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31816f240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell stimulation by alloantigens is followed by cell cycle progression, an event that is critically dependent on cyclin-dependent kinases. METHODS We conducted a study to evaluate whether the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor seliciclib affected rat lymph node cells (LNc) activation and proliferation induced by either concanavalin A or allogeneic splenocytes in vitro and studied the mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect. We also investigated the immunosuppressive properties of seliciclib in vivo. RESULTS Seliciclib completely inhibited in vitro proliferation of LNc and CD8 T cells, in response to either concanavalin A or allogeneic splenocytes. The percentage of activated LNc was lower in mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) added with seliciclib than in MLR added with vehicle. The percentages of viable and apoptotic cells at the end of MLR with seliciclib were comparable to those of MLR with vehicle. LNc pre-exposed in MLR to seliciclib did not respond to further stimulation with alloantigens, and neither IL-2 nor IL-15 restored proliferation. These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of seliciclib on T cell alloreactivity is not because of cytotoxic effect but is associated with induction of profound T cell anergy. LNc harvested at the end of the primary MLR with seliciclib did not suppress the proliferation of syngeneic LNc cells toward allogeneic splenocytes, thus excluding that seliciclib induced the formation of regulatory cells. Finally, seliciclib partially prolonged grafted animal survival in a rat model of fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched kidney transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these results document that seliciclib regulates lymphocyte reactivity and may exert an immunosuppressive effect in vivo in the setting of transplantation.
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Virrey JJ, Guan S, Li W, Schönthal AH, Chen TC, Hofman FM. Increased survivin expression confers chemoresistance to tumor-associated endothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:575-85. [PMID: 18599610 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, is responsible for drug resistance in cancer cells, yet little is known about its role in the endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. We have previously reported that tumor-associated endothelial cells derived from gliomas (TuBECs) are resistant to anticancer chemotherapy whereas normal brain endothelial cells (BECs) are sensitive. The focus of this study is to investigate the mechanism behind this chemoresistance. Here we show that survivin is constitutively overexpressed in the glioma vasculature but not in the blood vessels of normal brain. To determine whether survivin contributes to TuBEC chemoresistance, we used a lentiviral siRNA system or the drug roscovitine to down-regulate survivin expression. Reduced levels of survivin sensitized TuBECs to the chemotherapeutic agents VP-16, paclitaxel, thapsigargin, and temozolomide. This cell death was mediated through caspases 7 and 4. Conversely, forced expression of survivin in BECs was protective against drug cytotoxicity. These data suggest that overexpression of survivin in endothelial cells serves as a protective mechanism that defends the vasculature from drug cytotoxicity. Our studies demonstrate that targeting survivin may be an effective approach to chemosensitization and anti-vascular therapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenilyn J Virrey
- Departments of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 315A, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Gartel AL. Transcriptional inhibitors, p53 and apoptoss. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:83-6. [PMID: 18503775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional inhibitors (TI) repress global transcription and induce apoptosis. It has been suggested that induction of p53 is one of the hallmarks of global transcriptional repression. Two recent papers suggested that treatment of human cancer cells with TIs, leads to p53-dependent, transcription-independent or p53-dependent, transcription-dependent apoptosis. The latter mechanism is linked to the fact that TIs can be selective in their inhibitory effects thereby permitting transcription of some genes. However, the majority of other published data suggest that these drugs induce p53-independent apoptosis. In this article I discuss the mechanisms of TI-dependent cell death and the potential role of p53 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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41
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Jackson RC, Barnett AL, McClue SJ, Green SR. Seliciclib, a cell-cycle modulator that acts through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 3:131-43. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Bettayeb K, Tirado OM, Marionneau-Lambot S, Ferandin Y, Lozach O, Morris JC, Mateo-Lozano S, Drueckes P, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Liger F, Marquet B, Joseph B, Echalier A, Endicott JA, Notario V, Meijer L. Meriolins, a new class of cell death inducing kinase inhibitors with enhanced selectivity for cyclin-dependent kinases. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8325-34. [PMID: 17804748 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases represent promising anticancer drug targets. We describe here the meriolins, a new family of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Meriolins represent a chemical structural hybrid between meridianins and variolins, two families of kinase inhibitors extracted from various marine invertebrates. Variolin B is currently in preclinical evaluation as an antitumor agent. A selectivity study done on 32 kinases showed that, compared with variolin B, meriolins display enhanced specificity toward CDKs, with marked potency on CDK2 and CDK9. The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. Meriolins display better antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in human tumor cell cultures than their parent molecules, meridianins and variolins. Phosphorylation at CDK1, CDK4, and CDK9 sites on, respectively, protein phosphatase 1alpha, retinoblastoma protein, and RNA polymerase II is inhibited in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to meriolins. Apoptosis triggered by meriolins is accompanied by rapid Mcl-1 down-regulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases. Meriolin 3 potently inhibits tumor growth in two mouse xenograft cancer models, namely, Ewing's sarcoma and LS174T colorectal carcinoma. Meriolins thus constitute a new CDK inhibitory scaffold, with promising antitumor activity, derived from molecules initially isolated from marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Bettayeb
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cell Cycle Group & UPS2682, Station Biologique, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
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Lacrima K, Rinaldi A, Vignati S, Martin V, Tibiletti MG, Gaidano G, Catapano CV, Bertoni F. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor seliciclib shows in vitro activity in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:158-67. [PMID: 17325859 DOI: 10.1080/10428190601026562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in treatment, a significant fraction of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still fail therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are needed to advance the cure rate. Seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) is a purine analog developed as an inhibitor of CDK2/cyclin E CDK7/cyclin H and CDK9/cyclin T. Seliciclib has been shown to be active in B-cell neoplasms, such as mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in multiple myeloma in vitro. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of seliciclib in DLBCL. The anti-proliferative activity of seliciclib was tested in nine human DLBCL cell lines and six DLBCL primary cell cultures. The effects of seliciclib on the cell cycle and on apoptosis, as well as on transcription-related proteins were assessed. The cell viability of all DLBCL cell lines and primary cells was reduced by seliciclib treatment. The IC50 for the cell lines ranged from 13 - 36 microm. The effect of seliciclib was independent of the genetic aberrations characterizing the cell lines. After seliciclib exposure cells accumulated in G2/M or in G1 phase, with most of the cells showing signs of apoptosis. Despite the clear cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis, this study could not identify a unique mechanism of action. The in vitro data suggest that seliciclib is an active agent in DLBCL. Its efficacy is apparently independent of the underlying chromosomal translocations characteristic of DLBCL. The drug might represent a new therapeutic agent in this lymphoma sub-type.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Roscovitine
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lacrima
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Darwiche N, El-Banna S, Gali-Muhtasib H. Cell cycle modulatory and apoptotic effects of plant-derived anticancer drugs in clinical use or development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:361-79. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Song H, Vita M, Sallam H, Tehranchi R, Nilsson C, Sidén A, Hassan Z. Effect of the Cdk-inhibitor roscovitine on mouse hematopoietic progenitors in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 60:841-9. [PMID: 17318617 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelosuppression is one the most frequent side effects of chemotherapy. New agents that more selectively target cancer cells have been developed in attempt to improve the effects and to decrease the side effects of cancer treatment. Roscovitine is a purine analogue and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Several studies have shown its cytotoxic effect in cancer cell lines in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effect of roscovitine on hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and in vivo in mice. The clonogenic capacity of hematopoietic progenitors was studied using burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming unit granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-GM) and colony-forming unit granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM). In vitro, bone marrow cells were exposed to roscovitine (25-250 microM) in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's media for 4 h or to roscovitine (1-100 microM) in MethoCult media for 12 days. No effect on colony formation was observed after exposure to roscovitine for 4 h; however, concentration- and cell type-dependent effects were observed after 12 days. Roscovitine in concentration of 100 microM inhibited the growth of all types of colonies, while lower concentrations have shown differential effect on hematopoietic progenitors. The most sensitive were CFU-GEMM, followed by BFU-E and then CFU-GM. In vivo, mice were treated with single dose of roscovitine (50, 100 or 250 mg/kg) and the effect on bone marrow was studied on day 1, 3, 6, 9 or 12 after the treatment. In the second part of experiment, the mice were treated with roscovitine 350 mg/kg/day divided into two daily doses for 4 days. The bone marrow was examined on day 1 and 5 after the last dose of roscovitine. On day 1, BFU-E decreased to less than 50% of the controls (P = 0.019). No decrease in BFU-E formation was observed on day 5. No significant effect was observed on CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM growth after the treatment with multiple doses of roscovitine. Single doses of roscovitine or dimethylsulfoxide did not affect the colony formation. We also studied the distribution of roscovitine to the bone marrow after a dose of 50 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally. Only 1.5% of the drug was detected in the bone marrow. Thus, the roscovitine effect on hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow in vivo is only transient. One reason may be that only a small fraction of roscovitine reaches the bone marrow. Another explanation may be the short half-life observed for roscovitine that might not allow enough cell exposure to the drug. However, the toxicity of roscovitine to hematopoietic progenitors in vitro is within the same exposure range as cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Thus, precaution should be taken in clinical trials, especially when combinations with myelosuppressive cytostatics are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mateo-Lozano S, Gokhale PC, Soldatenkov VA, Dritschilo A, Tirado OM, Notario V. Combined transcriptional and translational targeting of EWS/FLI-1 in Ewing's sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:6781-90. [PMID: 17121899 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To show the efficacy of targeting EWS/FLI-1 expression with a combination of specific antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin for the control of Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) cell proliferation in vitro and the treatment of mouse tumor xenografts in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN EWS cells were simultaneously exposed to EWS/FLI-1-specific antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin for various time periods. After treatment, the following end points were monitored and evaluated: expression levels of the EWS/FLI-1 protein, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell death, caspase activation, and tumor growth in EWS xenografts implanted in nude mice. RESULTS Simultaneous exposure of EWS cells in culture to an EWS/FLI-1-targeted suppression therapy using specific antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin resulted in the activation of a caspase-dependent apoptotic process that involved the restoration of the transforming growth factor-beta-induced proapoptotic pathway. In vivo, individual administration of either antisense oligonucleotides or rapamycin significantly delayed tumor development, and the combined treatment with antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin caused a considerably stronger inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent administration of EWS/FLI-1 antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin efficiently induced the apoptotic death of EWS cells in culture through a process involving transforming growth factor-beta. In vivo experiments conclusively showed that the combined treatment with antisense oligonucleotides and rapamycin caused a significant inhibition of tumor growth in mice. These results provide proof of principle for further exploration of the potential of this combined therapeutic modality as a novel strategy for the treatment of tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Department of Radiation Medicine, V.T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1482, USA
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Tirado OM, Mateo-Lozano S, Villar J, Dettin LE, Llort A, Gallego S, Ban J, Kovar H, Notario V. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a target of EWS/FLI-1 and a key determinant of the oncogenic phenotype and tumorigenicity of Ewing's sarcoma cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9937-47. [PMID: 17047056 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family (ESFT), such as Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), are highly aggressive malignancies predominantly affecting children and young adults. ESFT express chimeric transcription factors encoded by hybrid genes fusing the EWS gene with several ETS genes, most commonly FLI-1. EWS/FLI-1 proteins are responsible for the malignant phenotype of ESFT, but only few of their transcriptional targets are known. Using antisense and short hairpin RNA-mediated gene expression knockdown, array analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation methods, and reexpression studies, we show that caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a new direct target of EWS/FLI-1 that is overexpressed in ESFT cell lines and tumor specimens and is necessary for ESFT tumorigenesis. CAV1 knockdown led to up-regulation of Snail and the concomitant loss of E-cadherin expression. Consistently, loss of CAV1 expression inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of EWS cells and markedly reduced the growth of EWS cell-derived tumors in nude mice xenografts, indicating that CAV1 promotes the malignant phenotype in EWS carcinogenesis. Reexpression of CAV1 or E-cadherin in CAV1 knockdown EWS cells rescued the oncogenic phenotype of the original EWS cells, showing that the CAV1/Snail/E-cadherin pathway plays a central role in the expression of the oncogenic transformation functions of EWS/FLI-1. Overall, these data identify CAV1 as a key determinant of the tumorigenicity of ESFT and imply that targeting CAV1 may allow the development of new molecular therapeutic strategies for ESFT patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Cadherins/genetics
- Caveolin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Caveolin 1/physiology
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Growth Processes/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/physiology
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Tirado
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Bukanov NO, Smith LA, Klinger KW, Ledbetter SR, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O. Long-lasting arrest of murine polycystic kidney disease with CDK inhibitor roscovitine. Nature 2006; 444:949-52. [PMID: 17122773 DOI: 10.1038/nature05348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are primarily characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in renal tubules leading to end-stage renal disease. Mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes lead to autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), a slowly developing adult form. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease results from mutations in the PKHD1 gene, affects newborn infants and progresses very rapidly. No effective treatment is currently available for PKD. A previously unrecognized site of subcellular localization was recently discovered for all proteins known to be disrupted in PKD: primary cilia. Because ciliary functions seem to be involved in cell cycle regulation, disruption of proteins associated with cilia or centrioles may directly affect the cell cycle and proliferation, resulting in cystic disease. We therefore reasoned that the dysregulated cell cycle may be the most proximal cause of cystogenesis, and that intervention targeted at this point could provide significant therapeutic benefit for PKD. Here we show that treatment with the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (R)-roscovitine does indeed yield effective arrest of cystic disease in jck and cpk mouse models of PKD. Continuous daily administration of the drug is not required to achieve efficacy; pulse treatment provides a robust, long-lasting effect, indicating potential clinical benefits for a lifelong therapy. Molecular studies of the mechanism of action reveal effective cell-cycle arrest, transcriptional inhibition and attenuation of apoptosis. We found that roscovitine is active against cysts originating from different parts of the nephron, a desirable feature for the treatment of ADPKD, in which cysts form in multiple nephron segments. Our results indicate that inhibition of CDK is a new and effective approach to the treatment of PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay O Bukanov
- Cell Biology, Genzyme Corporation, 5 Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701-9322, USA
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Galons H, Bettayeb K, Meijer L. (R)-Roscovitine (CYC202, Seliciclib). ENZYME INHIBITORS SERIES 2006. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420005400.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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