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Wu R, Chen C, Zhang X. Label-Free LC-MS/MS Analysis Reveals Different Proteomic Profiles between Egg Yolks of Silky Fowl and Ordinary Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071035. [PMID: 35407122 PMCID: PMC8997978 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteomic profiles of Silky fowl egg yolk (SFEY) and Leghorn egg yolk (LEY) were analyzed by bottom-up label-free liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). From a total of 186 identified proteins, 26 proteins were found significantly differentially abundant between two yolks, of which, 19 were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated in SFEY, particularly, vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1, transthyretin and ovoinhibitor were up-regulated by 26, 25, and 16 times, respectively. In addition, there were 57 and 6 unique proteins in SFEY and LEY, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) revealed SFEY contained relatively more abundant protease inhibitors and coagulation-related proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed differentially abundant proteins in SFEY may be actively involved in the regulation of the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the understanding of proteomic and biological differences between these two yolks and can guide for further exploration of nutritional and biomedical use of Silky fowl egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Wu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;
| | - Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China;
- Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (X.Z.)
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2
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Tripathi PH, Akhtar J, Arora J, Saran RK, Mishra N, Polisetty RV, Sirdeshmukh R, Gautam P. Quantitative proteomic analysis of GnRH agonist treated GBM cell line LN229 revealed regulatory proteins inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35109816 PMCID: PMC8812247 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor, a rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family member involved in GnRH signaling, is reported to be expressed in several tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most malignant and aggressive forms of primary brain tumors. However, the molecular targets associated with GnRH receptor are not well studied in GBM or in other cancers. The present study aims at investigating the effect of GnRH agonist (Gosarelin acetate) on cell proliferation and associated signaling pathways in GBM cell line, LN229. METHODS LN229 cells were treated with different concentrations of GnRH agonist (10-10 M to 10-5 M) and the effect on cell proliferation was analyzed by cell count method. Further, total protein was extracted from control and GnRH agonist treated cells (with maximum reduction in cell proliferation) followed by trypsin digestion, labeling with iTRAQ reagents and LC-MS/MS analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatic analysis was performed for annotation of proteins for the associated molecular function, altered pathways and network analysis using STRING database. RESULTS The treatment with different concentrations of GnRH agonist showed a reduction in cell proliferation with a maximum reduction of 48.2% observed at 10-6 M. Quantitative proteomic analysis after GnRH agonist treatment (10-6 M) led to the identification of a total of 29 differentially expressed proteins with 1.3-fold change (23 upregulated, such as, kininogen-1 (KNG1), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and 6 downregulated, such as integrator complex subunit 11 (CPSF3L), protein FRG1 (FRG1). Some of them are known [KNG1, AHSG, AFP] while others such as inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 (ITIH2), ITIH4, and LIM domain-containing protein 1 (LIMD1) are novel to GnRH signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed a direct interaction of KNG1, a hub molecule, with GnRH, GnRH receptor, EGFR and other interactors including ITIH2, ITIH4 and AHSG. Overexpression of KNG1 after GnRH agonist treatment was validated using Western blot analysis, while a significant inhibition of EGFR was observed after GnRH agonist treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests a possible link of GnRH signaling with EGFR signaling pathways likely via KNG1. KNG1 inhibitors may be investigated independently or in combination with GnRH agonist for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka H Tripathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Javed Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Jamia Hamdard- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jyoti Arora
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Saran
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Neetu Mishra
- Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Ravindra Varma Polisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Poonam Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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3
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Di Santo R, Quagliarini E, Digiacomo L, Pozzi D, Di Carlo A, Caputo D, Cerrato A, Montone CM, Mahmoudi M, Caracciolo G. Protein corona profile of graphene oxide allows detection of glioblastoma multiforme using a simple one-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique: a proof-of-concept study. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4671-4678. [PMID: 34018505 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of gliomas. The development of supplementary approaches for glioblastoma diagnosis, limited to imaging techniques and tissue biopsies so far, is a necessity of clinical relevance. In this context, nanotechnology might afford tools to enable early diagnosis. Upon exposure to biological media, nanoparticles are coated with a layer of proteins, the protein corona (PC), whose composition is individual and personalized. Here we show that the PC of graphene oxide nanosheets has a capacity to detect GBM using a simple one-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique. In a range of molecular weights between 100 and 120 kDa, the personalized PC from GBM patients is completely discernible from that of healthy donors and that of cancer patients affected by pancreatic adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we found that inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) heavy chain H4 is enriched in the PC of all tested individuals but not in the GBM patients. Overall, if confirmed on a larger cohort series, this approach could be advantageous at the first level of investigation to decide whether to carry out more invasive analyses and/or to follow up patients after surgery and/or pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Nanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Digiacomo
- Nanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Nanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Latina, Italy
| | - Damiano Caputo
- University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, General Surgery, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Nanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Lord MS, Melrose J, Day AJ, Whitelock JM. The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:907-927. [PMID: 32639183 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420940067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix & Glycobiology, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Kim B, De La Monte S, Hovanesian V, Patra A, Chen X, Chen RH, Miller MC, Pinar MH, Lim YP, Stopa EG, Stonestreet BS. Ontogeny of inter-alpha inhibitor protein (IAIP) expression in human brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:869-887. [PMID: 31797408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecules found in most tissues. We have reported ontogenic changes in the expression of IAIPs in brain during development in sheep and abundant expression of IAIPs in fetal and neonatal rodent brain in a variety of cellular types and brain regions. Although a few studies identified bikunin, light chain of IAIPs, in adult human brain, the presence of the complete endogenous IAIP protein complex has not been reported in human brain. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous IAIPs in human cerebral cortex from early in development through the neonatal period and in adults using well-preserved postmortem brains. We examined total, nuclear, and cytoplasmic staining of endogenous IAIPs and their expression in neurofilament light polypeptide-positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. IAIPs were ubiquitously detected for the first time in cerebral cortical cells at 24-26, 27-28, 29-36, and 37-40 weeks of gestation and in adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that IAIPs were predominately localized in the nucleus in all age groups, but cytoplasmic IAIP expression was more abundant in adult than in the younger ages. Immunoreactivity of IAIPs was expressed in neurons and astrocytes in all age groups. In addition, IAIP co-localization with GFAP-positive astrocytes was more abundant in adults than in the developing brain. We conclude that IAIPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, and co-localize with neurons and astrocytes in the developing and adult human brain suggesting a potential role for IAIPs in development and endogenous neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne De La Monte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Aparna Patra
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ray H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Miles C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mehmet Halit Pinar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward G Stopa
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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6
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Tiefenthaler G. Potential of Protein-based Anti-metastatic Therapy with Serpins and Inter α-Trypsin Inhibitors. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:225-238. [PMID: 29976628 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the principles of anti-metastatic therapy with selected serpin family proteins, such as pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) and maspin, as well as inter α-trypsin inhibitor (IαIs) light chains (bikunin) and heavy chains (ITIHs). Case-by-case, antimetastatic activity may be dependent or independent of the protease-inhibitory activity of the corresponding proteins. We discuss the incidence of target deregulation in different tumor entities, mechanisms of deregulation, context-dependent functional issues as well as in vitro and in vivo target validation studies with transfected tumor cells or recombinant protein as anti-metastatic agents. Finally, we comment on possible clinical evaluation of these proteins in adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Tiefenthaler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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7
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Cai P, Li H, Huo W, Zhu H, Xu C, Zang R, Lv W, Xia Y, Tang W. Aberrant expression of LncRNA-MIR31HG regulates cell migration and proliferation by affecting miR-31 and miR-31* in Hirschsprung's disease. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8195-8203. [PMID: 29626357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a birth defect that causes a failure of the enteric nervous system to cover the distal gut during early embryonic development. Evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play important roles in HSCR. The MIR31 host gene (MIR31HG), also known as Loc554202, is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which acts as the host gene of (microRNA) miR-31 and miR-31*. There have been no studies regarding its function in early developmental defects during pregnancy, and its downstream genetic receptors. We report that downregulation of MIR31HG inhibited migration and proliferation in 293T and SH-SY5Y cell lines, by suppressing miR-31 and miR-31*. Moreover, the downregulation of miR-31 and miR-31* enhanced inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) and the phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic gamma subunit (PIK3CG), respectively with reductions of cell migration and proliferation in 293T and SH-SY5Y cell lines. In addition, synergistic actions were observed between miR-31 and miR-31* in cell migration and proliferation. Our results demonstrated that the MIR31HG-miR-31/31*-ITIH5/PIK3CG pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Huo
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Rujin Zang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yankai Xia
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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8
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Rose M, Kloten V, Noetzel E, Gola L, Ehling J, Heide T, Meurer SK, Gaiko-Shcherbak A, Sechi AS, Huth S, Weiskirchen R, Klaas O, Antonopoulos W, Lin Q, Wagner W, Veeck J, Gremse F, Steitz J, Knüchel R, Dahl E. ITIH5 mediates epigenetic reprogramming of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:44. [PMID: 28231808 PMCID: PMC5322623 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to maintain epithelial integrity. In carcinogenesis ECM degradation triggers metastasis by controlling migration and differentiation including cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. The ECM-modulator inter- α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member five (ITIH5) was recently identified as tumor suppressor potentially involved in impairing breast cancer progression but molecular mechanisms underlying its function are still elusive. Methods ITIH5 expression was analyzed using the public TCGA portal. ITIH5-overexpressing single-cell clones were established based on T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Colony formation, growth, apoptosis, migration, matrix adhesion, traction force analyses and polarization of tumor cells were studied in vitro. Tumor-initiating characteristics were analyzed by generating a metastasis mouse model. To identify ITIH5-affected pathways we utilized genome wide gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. RNA-interference targeting the ITIH5-downstream regulated gene DAPK1 was used to confirm functional involvement. Results ITIH5 loss was pronounced in breast cancer subtypes with unfavorable prognosis like basal-type tumors. Functionally, cell and colony formation was impaired after ITIH5 re-expression in both cell lines. In a metastasis mouse model, ITIH5 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells almost completely failed to initiate lung metastases. In these metastatic cells ITIH5 modulated cell-matrix adhesion dynamics and altered biomechanical cues. The profile of integrin receptors was shifted towards β1-integrin accompanied by decreased Rac1 and increased RhoA activity in ITIH5-expressing clones while cell polarization and single-cell migration was impaired. Instead ITIH5 expression triggered the formation of epithelial-like cell clusters that underwent an epigenetic reprogramming. 214 promoter regions potentially marked with either H3K4 and /or H3K27 methylation showed a hyper- or hypomethylated DNA configuration due to ITIH5 expression finally leading to re-expression of the tumor suppressor DAPK1. In turn, RNAi-mediated knockdown of DAPK1 in ITIH5-expressing MDA-MB-231 single-cell clones clearly restored cell motility. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that ITIH5 triggers a reprogramming of breast cancer cells with known stem CSC properties towards an epithelial-like phenotype through global epigenetic changes effecting known tumor suppressor genes like DAPK1. Therewith, ITIH5 may represent an ECM modulator in epithelial breast tissue mediating suppression of tumor initiating cancer cell characteristics which are thought being responsible for the metastasis of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0610-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Kloten
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timon Heide
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K Meurer
- Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aljona Gaiko-Shcherbak
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonio S Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huth
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Antonopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering-Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Veeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Steitz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Escoll M, Gargini R, Cuadrado A, Anton IM, Wandosell F. Mutant p53 oncogenic functions in cancer stem cells are regulated by WIP through YAP/TAZ. Oncogene 2017; 36:3515-3527. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Pijuan-Galitó S, Tamm C, Schuster J, Sobol M, Forsberg L, Merry CLR, Annerén C. Human serum-derived protein removes the need for coating in defined human pluripotent stem cell culture. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12170. [PMID: 27405751 PMCID: PMC4947164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable, scalable and time-efficient culture methods are required to fully realize the clinical and industrial applications of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells. Here we present a completely defined, xeno-free medium that supports long-term propagation of hPS cells on uncoated tissue culture plastic. The medium consists of the Essential 8 (E8) formulation supplemented with inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), a human serum-derived protein, recently demonstrated to activate key pluripotency pathways in mouse PS cells. IαI efficiently induces attachment and long-term growth of both embryonic and induced hPS cell lines when added as a soluble protein to the medium at seeding. IαI supplementation efficiently supports adaptation of feeder-dependent hPS cells to xeno-free conditions, clonal growth as well as single-cell survival in the absence of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor (ROCKi). This time-efficient and simplified culture method paves the way for large-scale, high-throughput hPS cell culture, and will be valuable for both basic research and commercial applications. Improved culture methods are needed to reliably grow human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) on a large scale. Here, the authors identify a xeno-free medium with a supplement of Inter-α-inhibitor that supports long-term propagation and improved single-cell passaging of hPSCs on uncoated plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pijuan-Galitó
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Tamm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering &Modelling Room A59, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Cecilia Annerén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
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Marote A, Barroca N, Vitorino R, M. Silva R, H.V. Fernandes M, M. Vilarinho P, A.B. da Cruz e Silva O, I. Vieira S. A proteomic analysis of the interactions between poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibers and SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.4.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Spasova MS, Sadowska GB, Threlkeld SW, Lim YP, Stonestreet BS. Ontogeny of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins in ovine brain and somatic tissues. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:724-36. [PMID: 24728724 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213519195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) found in relatively high concentrations in human plasma are important in inflammation. IAIPs attenuate brain damage in young and adult subjects, decrease during sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants, and attenuate sepsis-related inflammation in newborn rats. Although a few studies have reported adult organ-specific IAIP expression, information is not available on age-dependent IAIP expression. Given evidence suggesting IAIPs attenuate brain damage in young and adult subjects, and inflammation in newborns, we examined IAIP expression in plasma, cerebral cortex (CC), choroid plexus (CP), cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and somatic organs in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep to determine the endogenous expression patterns of these proteins during development. IAIPs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were higher in newborn and adult than fetal plasma (P < 0.05). Western immunoblot detected 125 kDa PaI (Pre-alpha Inhibitor) and 250 kDa IaI (Inter-alpha Inhibitor) in plasma, CNS, and somatic organs. PaI expression in CC and CP was higher in fetuses than newborns and adults, but IaI expression was higher in adults than fetuses and newborns. Both PaI and IaI were higher in fetal than newborn CSF. IAIPs exhibited organ-specific ontogenic patterns in placenta, liver, heart, and kidney. These results provide evidence for the first time that plasma, brain, placenta, liver, heart, and kidney express IAIPs throughout ovine development and that expression patterns are unique to each organ. Although exact functions of IAIPs in CNS and somatic tissues are not known, their presence in relatively high amounts during development suggests their potential importance in brain and organ development.
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Pijuan-Galitó S, Tamm C, Annerén C. Serum Inter-α-inhibitor activates the Yes tyrosine kinase and YAP/TEAD transcriptional complex in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33492-502. [PMID: 25301940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the Src family kinase Yes, the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TEA domain TEAD2 transcription factor pathway are activated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and contribute to mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. In addition, we have shown that fetal bovine serum (FBS) induces Yes auto-phosphorylation and activation. In the present study we confirm that serum also activates TEAD-dependent transcription in a time- and dose-dependent manner and we identify Inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) as a component in serum capable of activating the Yes/YAP/TEAD pathway by inducing Yes auto-phosphorylation, YAP nuclear localization and TEAD-dependent transcription. The cleaved heavy chain 2 (HC2) sub-component of IαI, is demonstrated to be responsible for this effect. Moreover, IαI is also shown to efficiently increase expression of TEAD-downstream target genes including well-known stem cell factors Nanog and Oct 3/4. IαI is not produced by the ES cells per se but is added to the cells via the cell culture medium containing serum or serum-derived components such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). In conclusion, we describe a novel function of IαI in activating key pluripotency pathways associated with ES cell maintenance and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pijuan-Galitó
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Christoffer Tamm
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Cecilia Annerén
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, SE-751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
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Threlkeld SW, Gaudet CM, La Rue ME, Dugas E, Hill CA, Lim YP, Stonestreet BS. Effects of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins on neonatal brain injury: Age, task and treatment dependent neurobehavioral outcomes. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:424-33. [PMID: 25084519 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is frequently associated with premature and/or full term birth related complications. HI injury often results in learning and processing deficits that reflect widespread damage to an extensive range of cortical and sub-cortical brain structures. Further, inflammation has been implicated in the long-term progression and severity of HI injury. Recently, inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) have been shown to attenuate inflammation in models of systemic infection. Importantly, preclinical studies of neonatal HI injury and neuroprotection often focus on single time windows of assessment or single behavioral domains. This approach limits translational validity, given evidence for a diverse spectrum of neurobehavioral deficits that may change across developmental windows following neonatal brain injury. Therefore, the aims of this research were to assess the effects of human IAIPs on early neocortical cell death (72h post-insult), adult regional brain volume measurements (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, corpus callosum) and long-term behavioral outcomes in juvenile (P38-50) and adult (P80+) periods across two independent learning domains (spatial and non-spatial learning), after postnatal day 7 HI injury in rats. Here, for the first time, we show that IAIPs reduce acute neocortical neuronal cell death and improve brain weight outcome 72h following HI injury in the neonatal rat. Further, these longitudinal studies are the first to show age, task and treatment dependent improvements in behavioral outcome for both spatial and non-spatial learning following systemic administration of IAIPs in neonatal HI injured rats. Finally, results also show sparing of brain regions critical for spatial and non-spatial learning in adult animals treated with IAIPs at the time of injury onset. These data support the proposal that inter-alpha inhibitor proteins may serve as novel therapeutics for brain injury associated with premature birth and/or neonatal brain injury and highlight the importance of assessing multiple ages, brain regions and behavioral domains when investigating experimental treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Threlkeld
- Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Ave., Providence, RI 02904, USA.
| | - Cynthia M Gaudet
- Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Ave., Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Molly E La Rue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Ethan Dugas
- Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Ave., Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Courtney A Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., East Providence, RI 02914, USA
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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15
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Rose M, Gaisa NT, Antony P, Fiedler D, Heidenreich A, Otto W, Denzinger S, Bertz S, Hartmann A, Karl A, Knüchel R, Dahl E. Epigenetic inactivation of ITIH5 promotes bladder cancer progression and predicts early relapse of pT1 high-grade urothelial tumours. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:727-36. [PMID: 24265292 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) has been associated with tumour suppression in various cancers. However, its putative role in bladder cancer is completely unknown. Therefore, we initiated a study analysing ITIH5 expression as well as its prognostic and functional impact on human urothelial cancers (UCs). Expression analysis showed a clear down-regulation of ITIH5 mRNA in 61% (n = 45) of UCs, especially in muscle-invasive tumours (P < 0.001). ITIH5 loss in UCs was further evident on protein level (65.5%, n = 55) as detected by immunohistochemistry. DNA methylation analysis demonstrated tumour-specific ITIH5 promoter methylation in 50% of papillary none-invasive pTa (n = 30) and 68% of invasive (n = 28) UCs. Aberrant ITIH5 promoter methylation in bladder tumours was tightly linked (P < 0.001) with loss of ITIH5 mRNA expression, which was furthermore functionally confirmed by demethylation analysis in cell lines. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that ITIH5 promoter hypermethylation was closely associated with progressive bladder cancers. Subsequently, a large cohort (n = 120) of clinically challenging pT1 high-grade UC was analysed for ITIH5 expression. Of clinical significance, we found an association between loss of ITIH5 expression and unfavourable prognosis of UC patients without distant metastasis at first diagnosis (recurrence-free survival; hazard ratio: 4.35, P = 0.048). Functionally, ITIH5 re-expression in human RT112 bladder cancer cells led to both suppression of cell migration and inhibition of colony spreading. Hence, we provide evidence that down-regulation of ITIH5 by aberrant DNA hypermethylation may provoke invasive phenotypes in human bladder cancer. Moreover, ITIH5 protein might become a prognostic biomarker for relapse risk stratification in high-grade UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rose
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology and
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Huang X, Huang HQ. Alteration of the kidney membrane proteome of Mizuhopecten yessoensis induced by low-level methyl parathion exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 114-115:189-199. [PMID: 22446831 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion (MP) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide that causes severe health and environmental effects. We investigated the alteration of the proteomic profile in the membrane enriched fraction of the kidneys of the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis exposed to low-level MP. Gas chromatography analysis showed that MP residues were significantly accumulated in the kidneys and the digestive glands of the scallops. According to two-dimensional electrophoresis, 17 proteins were differentially modulated under MP exposure. The mRNA expressions of 12 differential proteins were analyzed using quantitative PCR, and 10 showed consistent alteration of mRNA level with that of protein expression level. Altered expressions of two proteins (mitochondrial processing peptidase and α-tubulin) were also examined using Western blotting, showing that the mitochondrial processing peptidase was down-regulated but α-tubulin remained unchanged in response to MP exposure. Subcellular locations of all the identified proteins that were predicted using bioinformatics tools indicate that few of them are permanently located in the membrane. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in several critical biological processes, and their relevance to human health has been illuminated. These data taken together have provided some novel insights into the chronic toxicity mechanism of MP and have suggested mitochondrial processing peptidase as a potential biomarker for human health and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Seifert G, Kurzinger RP, Hopt UT, Wittel UA. Systemic differential gene regulation of the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice. J Surg Res 2012; 180:e83-90. [PMID: 22541280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for systemic complications in severe necrotizing pancreatitis remains symptomatic owing to the unavailability of more specific therapeutic targets. We investigated the differential gene expression in typically affected organs in a mouse model of severe necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in mice by retrograde infusion of taurocholate into the common bile duct. Microarray hybridization was subsequently performed with mRNA isolated from the spleen, liver, intestine, and lungs. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the microarray results. RESULTS Severe necrotizing pancreatitis induced widespread changes in gene expression, affecting 27.20% of the genes tested in the spleen and 29.07% in the liver. Fewer genes were differentially regulated in the intestine (10.28%) and the lungs (10.75%). Only 10 genes were found to be upregulated in all 4 organs using microarray analysis. This upregulation in all organs was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for only 3 molecules. These molecules were lipocalin 2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, and CD14. Additionally we observed significantly aberrant gene regulation of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family members in several organs. CONCLUSIONS Differential gene regulation in severe necrotizing pancreatitis is far more organ specific than anticipated, with only 3 molecules uniformly regulated systemically. The inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family of molecules appears to play a crucial biologic role in the systemic inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. Finally, owing to its regulation and function, α1-microglobulin (or bikunin) may be a suitable predictive marker of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Seifert
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Kim JY, Park HS, Lim D, Jang HC, Park HS, Lee KT, Kim JS, Oh SI, Kweon MS, Kim TH, Choi BH. Functional analysis of expressed sequence tags from the liver and brain of Korean Jindo dogs. BMB Rep 2011; 44:238-43. [PMID: 21524348 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated 16,993 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two libraries containing full-length cDNAs from the brain and liver of the Korean Jindo dog. An additional 365,909 ESTs from other dog breeds were identified from the NCBI dbEST database, and all ESTs were clustered into 28,514 consensus sequences using StackPack. We selected the 7,305 consensus sequences that could be assembled from at least five ESTs and estimated that 12,533 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present in 97,835 putative SNPs from the 7,305 consensus sequences. We identified 58 Jindo dog-specific SNPs in comparison to other breeds and predicted seven synonymous SNPs and ten non-synonymous SNPs. Using PolyPhen, a program that predicts changes in protein structure and potential effects on protein function caused by amino acid substitutions, three of the non-synonymous SNPs were predicted to result in changes in protein function for proteins expressed by three different genes (TUSC3, ITIH2, and NAT2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea
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19
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Surface expression of precursor N-cadherin promotes tumor cell invasion. Neoplasia 2011; 12:1066-80. [PMID: 21170270 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of N-cadherin (NCAD) has been shown to correlate with increased tumor cell motility and metastasis. However, NCAD-mediated adhesion is a robust phenomenon and therefore seems to be inconsistent with the "release" from intercellular adhesion required for invasion. We show that in the most invasive melanoma and brain tumor cells, altered posttranslational processing results in abundant nonadhesive precursor N-cadherin (proNCAD) at the cell surface, although total NCAD levels remain constant. We demonstrate that aberrantly processed proNCAD promotes cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, in human tumor specimens, we find high levels of proNCAD as well, supporting an overall conclusion that proNCAD and mature NCAD coexist on these tumor cell surfaces and that it is the ratio between these functionally antagonistic moieties that directly correlates with invasion potential. Our work provides insight into what may be a widespread mechanism for invasion and metastasis and challenges the current dogma of the functional roles played by classic cadherins in tumor progression.
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20
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Devitt Møller H, Ralfkjær U, Cremers N, Frankel M, Troelsgaard Pedersen R, Klingelhöfer J, Yanagisawa H, Grigorian M, Guldberg P, Sleeman J, Lukanidin E, Ambartsumian N. Role of Fibulin-5 in Metastatic Organ Colonization. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:553-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Garantziotis S. Modulation of plasma complement by the initial dose of epirubicin/docetaxel therapy in breast cancer and its predictive value. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:542; author reply 543-4. [PMID: 21224852 PMCID: PMC3049565 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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22
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Shen Y, Chen CS, Ichikawa H, Goldberg GS. SRC induces podoplanin expression to promote cell migration. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9649-9656. [PMID: 20123990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontransformed cells can force tumor cells to assume a normal morphology and phenotype by the process of contact normalization. Transformed cells must escape this process to become invasive and malignant. However, mechanisms underlying contact normalization have not been elucidated. Here, we have identified genes that are affected by contact normalization of Src-transformed cells. Tumor cells must migrate to become invasive and malignant. Src must phosphorylate the adaptor protein Cas (Crk-associated substrate) to promote tumor cell motility. We report here that Src utilizes Cas to induce podoplanin (Pdpn) expression to promote tumor cell migration. Pdpn is a membrane-bound extracellular glycoprotein that associates with endogenous ligands to promote tumor cell migration leading to cancer invasion and metastasis. In fact, Pdpn expression accounted for a major part of the increased migration seen in Src-transformed cells. Moreover, nontransformed cells suppressed Pdpn expression in adjacent Src-transformed cells. Of >39,000 genes, Pdpn was one of only 23 genes found to be induced by transforming Src activity and suppressed by contact normalization of Src-transformed cells. In addition, we found 16 genes suppressed by Src and induced by contact normalization. These genes encode growth factor receptors, adaptor proteins, and products that have not yet been annotated and may play important roles in tumor cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Shen
- Molecular Biology Department, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
| | - Chen-Shan Chen
- Molecular Biology Department, Stratford, New Jersey 08084; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Cancer Transcriptome Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku,Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Increased chemotactic migration and growth in heparanase-overexpressing human U251n glioma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2008; 27:23. [PMID: 18647407 PMCID: PMC2499998 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that degrades heparan sulfate, the main polysaccharide constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane. Expression of the heparanase gene is associated with the invasion and metastatic potential of a variety of tumor-derived cell types. However, the roles of heparanase in the regulation of gene expression and the subsequent cell function changes other than invasion are not clear. In the current study, we overexpressed the human heparanase gene in a human U251n glioma cell line. We found that heparanase-overexpression significantly increased cell invasion, proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation and chemotactic migration towards fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplied medium and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). These phenotypic appearances were accompanied by enhanced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) signaling were not altered by heparanase-overexpression. These results indicate that heparanase has pleiotropic effects on tumor cells.
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Hamm A, Veeck J, Bektas N, Wild PJ, Hartmann A, Heindrichs U, Kristiansen G, Werbowetski-Ogilvie T, Del Maestro R, Knuechel R, Dahl E. Frequent expression loss of Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH) genes in multiple human solid tumors: a systematic expression analysis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:25. [PMID: 18226209 PMCID: PMC2268946 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (ITI) are a family of plasma protease inhibitors, assembled from a light chain – bikunin, encoded by AMBP – and five homologous heavy chains (encoded by ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3, ITIH4, and ITIH5), contributing to extracellular matrix stability by covalent linkage to hyaluronan. So far, ITIH molecules have been shown to play a particularly important role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Methods We systematically investigated differential gene expression of the ITIH gene family, as well as AMBP and the interacting partner TNFAIP6 in 13 different human tumor entities (of breast, endometrium, ovary, cervix, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, lung, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and pancreas) using cDNA dot blot analysis (Cancer Profiling Array, CPA), semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that ITIH genes are clearly downregulated in multiple human solid tumors, including breast, colon and lung cancer. Thus, ITIH genes may represent a family of putative tumor suppressor genes that should be analyzed in greater detail in the future. For an initial detailed analysis we chose ITIH2 expression in human breast cancer. Loss of ITIH2 expression in 70% of cases (n = 50, CPA) could be confirmed by real-time PCR in an additional set of breast cancers (n = 36). Next we studied ITIH2 expression on the protein level by analyzing a comprehensive tissue micro array including 185 invasive breast cancer specimens. We found a strong correlation (p < 0.001) between ITIH2 expression and estrogen receptor (ER) expression indicating that ER may be involved in the regulation of this ECM molecule. Conclusion Altogether, this is the first systematic analysis on the differential expression of ITIH genes in human cancer, showing frequent downregulation that may be associated with initiation and/or progression of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hamm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family proteins are mainly detected in plasma and urine and comprise the common light chain bikunin and at least 6 closely related heavy chains. The bikunin moiety exhibits protease inhibitory activity and has been studied extensively; however, the heavy chains have been largely overlooked. Recent studies clearly indicate that the heavy chain moieties have important biological functions either in association with or independent of bikunin. Because the heavy chains comprise the main part of the protein structure of this family, it is important to understand their functions. This review summarizes the domain structural features of heavy chains, the heavy chain-interacting molecules identified thus far, and the association of heavy chains with diseases to encourage the discovery of novel heavy chains-interacting molecules and to gain a deeper insight into their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhuo
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Demuth T, Reavie LB, Rennert JL, Nakada M, Nakada S, Hoelzinger DB, Beaudry CE, Henrichs AN, Anderson EM, Berens ME. MAP-ing glioma invasion: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 and p38 drive glioma invasion and progression and predict patient survival. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1212-22. [PMID: 17406030 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although astrocytic brain tumors do not metastasize systemically, during tumorigenesis glioma cells adopt an invasive phenotype that is poorly targeted by conventional therapies; hence, glioma patients die of recurrence from the locally invasive tumor population. Our work is aimed at identifying and validating novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers in invasive human gliomas. Transcriptomes of invasive glioma cells relative to stationary cognates were produced from a three-dimensional spheroid in vitro invasion assay by laser capture microdissection and whole human genome expression microarrays. Qualitative differential expression of candidate invasion genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, clinically by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray, by immunoblotting on surgical specimens, and on two independent gene expression data sets of glial tumors. Cell-based assays and ex vivo brain slice invasion studies were used for functional validation. We identify mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 3 (MKK3) as a key activator of p38 MAPK in glioma; MKK3 activation is strongly correlated with p38 activation in vitro and in vivo. We further report that these members of the MAPK family are strong promoters of tumor invasion, progression, and poor patient survival. Inhibition of either candidate leads to significantly reduced glioma invasiveness in vitro. Consistent with the concept of synthetic lethality, we show that inhibition of invasion by interference with these genes greatly sensitizes arrested glioma cells to cytotoxic therapies. Our findings therefore argue that interference with MKK3 signaling through a novel treatment combination of p38 inhibitor plus temozolomide heightens the vulnerability of glioma to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Demuth
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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27
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Abstract
There have been new developments in the elucidation of the biological functions of the inter-alpha-inhibitor (IalphaI) family. The anti-proteolytic activity of the IalphaI family originates from bikunin (also known as urinary trypsin inhibitor). Growing evidence indicates that bikunin is not just an anti-proteolytic agent, but can also be considered an anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine synthesis. Bikunin functions to inhibit calcium influx and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling via LPS receptors and/or as yet unidentified bikunin signaling receptors. By signaling via the LPS receptor, LPS increases calcium influx and yields phosphorylated ERK, which activates multiple transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) or early growth response-1 (Egr-1), which in turn promote cytokine expression. Deficits in the signaling cascades caused by free or cell-bound bikunin are predicted to down-regulate cytokine expression, render macrophages/neutrophils more inactive, and impair inflammatory processes. This brief review largely focuses on our current understanding of the apparent functions of bikunin, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
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Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Seyed Sadr M, Jabado N, Angers-Loustau A, Agar NYR, Wu J, Bjerkvig R, Antel JP, Faury D, Rao Y, Del Maestro RF. Inhibition of medulloblastoma cell invasion by Slit. Oncogene 2006; 25:5103-12. [PMID: 16636676 PMCID: PMC2072874 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of brain tumor cells has made primary malignant brain neoplasms among the most recalcitrant to therapeutic strategies. We tested whether the secreted protein Slit2, which guides the projection of axons and developing neurons, could modulate brain tumor cell invasion. Slit2 inhibited the invasion of medulloblastoma cells in a variety of in vitro models. The effect of Slit2 was inhibited by the Robo ectodomain. Time-lapse videomicroscopy indicated that Slit2 reduced medulloblastoma invasion rate without affecting cell direction or proliferation. Both medulloblastoma and glioma tumors express Robo1 and Slit2, but only medulloblastoma invasion is inhibited by recombinant Slit2 protein. Downregulation of activated Cdc42 may contribute to this differential response. Our findings reinforce the concept that neurodevelopmental cues such as Slit2 may provide insights into brain tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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