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Yuan W, Xu C, Li B, Xia H, Pan Y, Zhong W, Xu L, Chen R, Wang B. Contributions of Costimulatory Molecule CD137 in Endothelial Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020721. [PMID: 34027676 PMCID: PMC8483511 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is a surface glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that can be induced on a variety of immunocytes and nonimmune cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The importance of CD137 in immune response has been well recognized; however, the precise biological effects and underlying mechanisms of CD137 in endothelial cells are unclear. A single layer of cells called the endothelium constitutes the innermost layer of blood vessels including larger arteries, veins, the capillaries, and the lymphatic vessels. It not only acts as an important functional interface, but also participates in local inflammatory response. This review covers recent findings to illuminate the role of CD137 in endothelial cells in different pathophysiologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Liangjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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CD137 + T-Cells: Protagonists of the Immunotherapy Revolution. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030456. [PMID: 33530328 PMCID: PMC7866028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The CD137 receptor is expressed by activated antigen-specific T-cells. CD137+ T-cells were identified inside TILs and PBMCs of different tumor types and have proven to be the naturally occurring antitumor effector cells, capable of expressing a wide variability in terms of TCR specificity against both shared and neoantigenic tumor-derived peptides. The aim of this review is thus summarizing and highlighting their role as drivers of patients’ immune responses in anticancer therapies as well as their potential role in future and current strategies of immunotherapy. Abstract The CD137 receptor (4-1BB, TNF RSF9) is an activation induced molecule expressed by antigen-specific T-cells. The engagement with its ligand, CD137L, is capable of increasing T-cell survival, proliferation, and cytokine production. This allowed to identify the CD137+ T-cells as the real tumor-specific activated T-cell population. In fact, these cells express various TCRs that are specific for a wide range of tumor-derived peptides, both shared and neoantigenic ones. Moreover, their prevalence in sites close to the tumor and their unicity in killing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, raised particular interest in studying their potential role in different strategies of immunotherapy. They indeed showed to be a reliable marker able to predict patient’s outcome to immune-based therapies as well as monitor their response. In addition, the possibility of isolating and expanding this population, turned promising in order to generate effector antitumor T-cells in the context of adoptive T-cell therapies. CD137-targeting monoclonal antibodies have already shown their antitumor efficacy in cancer patients and a number of clinical trials are thus ongoing to test their possible introduction in different combination approaches of immunotherapy. Finally, the intracellular domain of the CD137 receptor was introduced in the anti-CD19 CAR-T cells that were approved by FDA for the treatment of pediatric B-cell leukemia and refractory B-cell lymphoma.
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Chu DT, Bac ND, Nguyen KH, Tien NLB, Thanh VV, Nga VT, Ngoc VTN, Anh Dao DT, Hoan LN, Hung NP, Trung Thu NT, Pham VH, Vu LN, Pham TAV, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. An Update on Anti-CD137 Antibodies in Immunotherapies for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081822. [PMID: 31013788 PMCID: PMC6515339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective expression of CD137 on cells of the immune system (e.g., T and DC cells) and oncogenic cells in several types of cancer leads this molecule to be an attractive target to discover cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, specific antibodies against CD137 are being studied and developed aiming to activate and enhance anti-cancer immune responses as well as suppress oncogenic cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-CD137 antibodies can be used separately to prevent tumor in some cases, while in other cases, these antibodies need to be co-administered with other antibodies or drugs/vaccines/regents for a better performance. Thus, in this work, we aim to update and discuss current knowledge about anti-cancer effects of anti-CD137 antibodies as mono- and combined-immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nguyen Duy Bac
- Department of Education and Training, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Khanh-Hoang Nguyen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Duong Thi Anh Dao
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Le Ngoc Hoan
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Phuc Hung
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Trung Thu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Van-Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Le Nguyen Vu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Anh Vu Pham
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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Vinay DS, Kwon BS. 4-1BB (CD137), an inducible costimulatory receptor, as a specific target for cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2014; 47:122-9. [PMID: 24499671 PMCID: PMC4163883 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how tumors evade immune surveillance, measures to counter the same have not kept pace with the advances made in designing effective strategies. 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRS9), an activation-induced costimulatory molecule, is an important regulator of immune responses. Targeting 4-1BB or its natural ligand 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) has important implications in many clinical conditions, including cancer. In-depth analysis revealed that 4-1BB-mediated anti-cancer effects are based on its ability to induce activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and among others, high amounts of IFN-γ. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of 4-1BB-mediated anti-tumor responses, the basis of such responses, and future directions. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 122-129]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA70112, USA
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA70112, USA; Cell and Immunobiology, and R & D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
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Song C, Sadashivaiah K, Furusawa A, Davila E, Tamada K, Banerjee A. Eomesodermin is required for antitumor immunity mediated by 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27680. [PMID: 24790793 PMCID: PMC4002624 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells in progressing tumors frequently fail to mount an effective antitumor response often in association with the expression of inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3). Using a lymphoma tumor model, we demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from growing tumors co-express inhibitory receptors and co-stimulatory receptors, including 4-1BB (TNFRSF9) as well as high levels of 2 transcription factors, Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T-bet (Tbx21), critical determinants of CD8+ T cell fate. Immunotherapy with an agonistic anti-4–1-BB antibody altered the ratio of Eomes to T-bet expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells by increasing Eomes and decreasing T-bet expression. 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy was also associated with downregulated expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and Lag3 on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, a molecular phenotype associated with subsequent attenuation of tumor growth. Furthermore, 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy failed to effect tumor progression in mice with Eomes deficient T cells. However, upon resumption of tumor growth, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from treated animals continued to express high levels of Eomes as well as elevated levels of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and Lag3. Our data suggest that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are poised between activation and inhibition as dictated by expression of both co-stimulatory receptors and inhibitory receptors and demonstrate that T cell expression of Eomes is necessary, but not sufficient, for efficacious 4-1BB-agonist-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Song
- Program in Oncology; Greenebaum Cancer Center; Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kavitha Sadashivaiah
- Program in Oncology; Greenebaum Cancer Center; Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Program in Oncology; Greenebaum Cancer Center; Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology and Cellular Signal Analysis; Yamaguchi University School of Medicine; Ube, Japan
| | - Arnob Banerjee
- Program in Oncology; Greenebaum Cancer Center; Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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Glucagon-like peptide 2 in colon carcinogenesis: Possible target for anti-cancer therapy? Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
4-1BB (CD137), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is an activation-induced T-cell costimulatory molecule. Signaling via 4-1BB upregulates survival genes, enhances cell division, induces cytokine production, and prevents activation-induced cell death in T cells. The importance of the 4-1BB pathway has been underscored in a number of diseases, including cancer. Growing evidence indicates that anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies possess strong antitumor properties, which in turn are the result of their powerful CD8+ T-cell activating, IFN-γ producing, and cytolytic marker-inducing capabilities. In addition, combination therapy of anti-4-1BB with other anticancer agents, such as radiation, has robust tumor-regressing abilities against nonimmunogenic or poorly immunogenic tumors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of ex vivo anti-4-1BB-activated CD8+ T cells from previously tumor-treated animals efficiently inhibits progression of tumors in recipient mice that have been inoculated with fresh tumors. In addition, targeting of tumors with variants of 4-1BBL directed against 4-1BB also have potent antitumor effects. Currently, a humanized anti-4-1BB is in clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including melanoma, renal carcinoma, and ovarian cancer, and so far seems to have a favorable toxicity profile. In this review, we discuss the basis of the therapeutic potential of targeting the 4-1BB-4-1BBL pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Vezys V, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Barber DL, Ha SJ, Konieczny B, Freeman GJ, Mittler RS, Ahmed R. 4-1BB signaling synergizes with programmed death ligand 1 blockade to augment CD8 T cell responses during chronic viral infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1634-42. [PMID: 21742975 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the inhibitory role that the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway plays during chronic infection. Blockade of this pathway results in rescue of viral-specific CD8 T cells, as well as reduction of viral loads in mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We tested the effect of combining PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade with an agonistic regimen that induces 4-1BB costimulation during chronic LCMV infection. There is a boosting effect in the rescue of LCMV-specific CD8 T cell responses after dual treatment with PD-L1 blockade and 4-1BB agonistic Abs when the amount and timing of 4-1BB costimulation are carefully controlled. When PD-L1-blocking Abs are given together with a single low dose of anti-4-1BB agonistic Abs, there is an enhanced and stable expansion of viral-specific CD8 T cells. Conversely, when blocking Abs to PD-L1 are given with a repetitive high dose of anti-4-1BB, there is an initial synergistic expansion of viral-specific CD8 T cells by day 7, followed by dramatic apoptosis by day 14. Viral control paralleled CD8 T cell kinetics after dual treatment. By day 7 posttreatment, viral titers were lower in both of the combined regimens (compared with PD-L1 blockade alone). However, whereas the high dose of anti-4-1BB plus PD-L1 blockade resulted in rebound of viral titers to original levels, the low dose of anti-4-1BB plus PD-L1 blockade resulted in a stable reduction of viral loads. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully manipulating the balance between activating and inhibitory signals to enhance T cell responses during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaiva Vezys
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Immunologic monitoring of cellular responses by dendritic/tumor cell fusion vaccines. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:910836. [PMID: 21541197 PMCID: PMC3085507 DOI: 10.1155/2011/910836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dendritic cell (DC)- based cancer vaccines induce effective antitumor activities in murine models, only limited therapeutic results have been obtained in clinical trials. As cancer vaccines induce antitumor activities by eliciting or modifying immune responses in patients with cancer, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and WHO criteria, designed to detect early effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in solid tumors, may not provide a complete assessment of cancer vaccines. The problem may, in part, be resolved by carrying out immunologic cellular monitoring, which is one prerequisite for rational development of cancer vaccines. In this review, we will discuss immunologic monitoring of cellular responses for the evaluation of cancer vaccines including fusions of DC and whole tumor cell.
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Cathelin D, Nicolas A, Bouchot A, Fraszczak J, Labbé J, Bonnotte B. Dendritic cell-tumor cell hybrids and immunotherapy: what's next? Cytotherapy 2011; 13:774-85. [PMID: 21299362 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.553593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells currently being used as a cellular adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Unfortunately, DC-based vaccines have not demonstrated spectacular clinical results. DC loading with tumor antigens and DC differentiation and activation still require optimization. An alternative technique for providing antigens to DC consists of the direct fusion of dendritic cells with tumor cells. These resulting hybrid cells may express both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules associated with tumor antigens and the appropriate co-stimulatory molecules required for T-cell activation. Initially tested in animal models, this approach has now been evaluated in clinical trials, although with limited success. We summarize and discuss the results from the animal studies and first clinical trials. We also present a new approach to inducing hybrid formation by expression of viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Cathelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, France.
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Koido S, Hara E, Homma S, Ohkusa T, Gong J, Tajiri H. Cancer immunotherapy by fusions of dendritic cells and tumor cells. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:49-62. [PMID: 20635973 DOI: 10.2217/1750743x.1.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen-presenting cells and play a critical role in the induction of primary immune responses. DC-based vaccination represents a potentially powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Thus, the use of cancer vaccines to eliminate residual tumor cells is a promising area of investigation. The immunotherapy of tumor antigen-loaded DCs has now been demonstrated in cancer patients and some clinical responses without any significant toxicity. Fusions of DCs and tumor cells represent an alternative but promising approach to overcome the inability of tumor antigens to induce a sustainable T-cell response. This review deals with recent progress in the immunotherapy of cancer with fusions of DCs and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Dubrot J, Palazón A, Alfaro C, Azpilikueta A, Ochoa MC, Rouzaut A, Martinez-Forero I, Teijeira A, Berraondo P, Le Bon A, Hervás-Stubbs S, Melero I. Intratumoral injection of interferon-α and systemic delivery of agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies synergize for immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:105-18. [PMID: 20309938 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD137 artificial costimulation results in complete tumor rejection in several mouse models. Type I interferons (IFN) exert antitumor effects through an array of molecular functions on malignant cells, tumor stroma and immune system cells. The fact that agonist anti-CD137 mAb induce tumor regressions in mice deficient in the unique receptor for Type I IFNs (IFNAR(-/-) ) indicated potential for treatment combinations. Indeed, combination of intratumor injections of mouse IFN-α and intraperitoneal injections of anti-CD137 mAb synergized as seen on subcutaneous lesions derived from the MC38 colon carcinoma, which is resistant to each treatment if given separately. Therapeutic activity was achieved both against lesions directly injected with IFN-α and against distant concomitant tumors. Experiments in bone marrow chimeras prepared with IFNAR(-/-) and WT mice concluded that expression of the receptor for Type I interferons is mainly required on cells of the hematopoietic compartment. Synergistic effects correlated with a remarkable cellular hyperplasia of the tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Enlarged TDLNs contained more plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells (DC) that more readily cross-presented. Importantly, numbers of both DC subtypes inversely correlated with the tumor size. Numbers of CD8 T cells specific for a dominant tumor antigen were increased at TDLNs by each separate treatment but only with slight augments due to the combination. Combined antitumor effects of the therapeutic strategy were also seen on subcutaneous TC-1 tumors established for 24 days before treatment onset. The described strategy is realistic because (i) agents of each kind are clinically available and (ii) equivalent procedures in humans are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dubrot
- CIMA and Clinica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Regulation of tumor immunity by tumor/dendritic cell fusions. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:516768. [PMID: 21048993 PMCID: PMC2964897 DOI: 10.1155/2010/516768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of cancer vaccines is to induce antitumor immunity that ultimately will reduce tumor burden in tumor environment. Several strategies involving dendritic cells- (DCs)- based vaccine incorporating different tumor-associated antigens to induce antitumor immune responses against tumors have been tested in clinical trials worldwide. Although DCs-based vaccine such as fusions of whole tumor cells and DCs has been proven to be clinically safe and is efficient to enhance antitumor immune responses for inducing effective immune response and for breaking T-cell tolerance to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), only a limited success has occurred in clinical trials. This paper reviews tumor immune escape and current strategies employed in the field of tumor/DC fusions vaccine aimed at enhancing activation of TAAs-specific cytotoxic T cells in tumor microenvironment.
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Progress in Tumor-Dentritic Cell Hybrid Vaccines*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang X, Osada T, Wang Y, Yu L, Sakakura K, Katayama A, McCarthy JB, Brufsky A, Chivukula M, Khoury T, Hsu DS, Barry WT, Lyerly HK, Clay TM, Ferrone S. CSPG4 protein as a new target for the antibody-based immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1496-512. [PMID: 20852124 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell surface proteoglycan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is a potential target for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy for many types of cancer. The lack of effective therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) prompted us to examine whether CSPG4 is expressed in TNBC and can be targeted with CSPG4-specific mAb. METHODS CSPG4 protein expression was assessed in 44 primary TNBC lesions, in TNBC cell lines HS578T, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and SUM149, and in tumor cells in pleural effusions from 12 metastatic breast cancer patients. The effect of CSPG4-specific mAb 225.28 on growth, adhesion, and migration of TNBC cells was tested in vitro. The ability of mAb 225.28 to induce regression of tumor metastases (n = 7 mice) and to inhibit spontaneous metastasis and tumor recurrence (n = 12 mice per group) was tested in breast cancer models in mice. The mechanisms responsible for the antitumor effect of mAb 225.28 were also investigated in the cell lines and in the mouse models. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS CSPG4 protein was preferentially expressed in 32 of the 44 (72.7%) primary TNBC lesions tested, in TNBC cell lines, and in tumor cells in pleural effusions from 12 metastatic breast cancer patients. CSPG4-specific mAb 225.28 statistically significantly inhibited growth, adhesion, and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. mAb 225.28 induced 73.1% regression of tumor metastasis in a TNBC cell-derived experimental lung metastasis model (mAb 225.28 vs control, mean area of metastatic nodules = 44590.8 vs 165950.8 μm(2); difference of mean = 121360.0 μm(2), 95% confidence interval = 91010.7 to 151709.4 μm(2); P < .001). Additionally, mAb 225.28 statistically significantly reduced spontaneous lung metastases and tumor recurrences in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. The mechanisms responsible for antitumor effect included increased apoptosis and reduced mitotic activity in tumor cells, decreased blood vessel density in the tumor microenvironment, and reduced activation of signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified CSPG4 as a new target for TNBC. The antitumor activity of CSPG4-specific mAb was mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of signaling pathways crucial for TNBC cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Zhang W, Liu JN, Tan XY. Vaccination with xenogeneic tumor endothelial proteins isolated in situ inhibits tumor angiogenesis and spontaneous metastasis. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:124-32. [PMID: 19350628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor tissues induce the expression of angiogenesis-associated proteins on endothelial surface that can be targeted for tumor immunotherapy. In our study, the rat tumor endothelial proteins (EP) were isolated in situ via biotinylation of tumor vascular endothelial luminal surface followed by streptavidin affinity chromatography. The isolated tumor EP contained numerous up-regulated angiogenesis-associated endothelial proteins. The administration of these tumor EP as a vaccine to mice reduced the microvessel density in subcutaneous primary LLC tumors, delayed spontaneous LLC tumor metastasis and prolonged post-surgery life span. T lymphocytes from tumor EP-vaccinated mice lysed human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, but not tumor cells in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of antitumor EP antibodies in vivo targeted to tumor endothelium and inhibited spontaneous LLC tumor metastasis. This study provides a successful preclinical exploration of the active immunotherapy for tumor by targeting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8:360-3. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32830abac8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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