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Chou YJ, Lin CC, Hsu YC, Syu JL, Tseng LM, Chiu JH, Lo JF, Lin CH, Fu SL. Andrographolide suppresses the malignancy of triple-negative breast cancer by reducing THOC1-promoted cancer stem cell characteristics. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115327. [PMID: 36330949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are difficult to cure and currently lack of effective treatment strategies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly associated with the poor clinical outcome of TNBCs. Thoc1 is a core component of the THO complex (THOC) that regulates the elongation, processing and nuclear export of mRNA. The function of thoc1 in TNBC and whether Thoc1 serves as a drug target are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that thoc1 expression is elevated in TNBC cell lines and human TNBC patient tissues. Knockdown of thoc1 decreased cancer stem cell populations, reduced mammosphere formation, impaired THOC function, and downregulated the expression of stemness-related proteins. Moreover, the thoc1-knockdown 4T1 cells showed less lung metastasis in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Overexpression of Thoc1 promoted TNBC malignancy and the mRNA export of stemness-related genes. Furthermore, treatment of TNBC cells with the natural compound andrographolide reduced the expression of Thoc1 expression, impaired homeostasis of THOC, suppressed CSC properties, and delayed tumor growth in a 4T1-implanted orthotopic mouse model. Andrographolide also reduced the activity of NF-κB, an upstream transcriptional regulator of Thoc1. Notably, thoc1 overexpression attenuates andrographolide-suppressed cellular proliferation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that THOC1 promotes cancer stem cell characteristics of TNBC, and andrographolide is a potential natural compound for eliminating CSCs of TNBCs by downregulating the NF-κB-thoc1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chou
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Syu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Fu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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2
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Li X, Liu Z, Wei X, Lin J, Yang Q, Xie Y. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Clinical Significance of THO Complex Members in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2695-2713. [PMID: 35300138 PMCID: PMC8922240 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s349925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yingjun Xie, Tel +86 17390069233, Email
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3
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Gao Q, Li Z, Meng L, Ma J, Xi Y, Wang T. Transcriptome profiling reveals an integrated mRNA-lncRNA signature with predictive value for long-term survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23275-23295. [PMID: 33221755 PMCID: PMC7746345 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), survival at 24 months is a milestone for long-term survival. The purpose of this study was to develop a multigene risk score (MGRS) to refine the International Prognostic Index (IPI) model to identify patients with DLBCL at high risk of death within 24 months. Using a robust statistical strategy, we built a MGRS incorporating nine mRNAs and two lncRNAs. Stratification and multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed the MGRS as an independent risk factor. A nomogram based on IPI+MGRS model was constructed and its calibration plot showed close agreement between predicted 2-year survival rate and observed rate. The 2-year AUC was bigger with the IPI+MGRS model (ΔAUC=0.162; 95%CI 0.1295–0.1903) than with the IPI model, and the IPI+MGRS model more accurately predicted the prognostic risk of DLBCL. The 2-year survival decision curve revealed the IPI+MGRS model was more useful clinically than the IPI model. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the MGRS correlated with cell cycle, DNA replication and repair. The results were validated using an independent external dataset. In conclusion, we successfully developed an integrated mRNA–lncRNA signature to refine the IPI model for predicting long-term survival of patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhiyao Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jinsha Ma
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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4
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Zhang L, Gao Y, Zhang R, Sun F, Cheng C, Qian F, Duan X, Wei G, Sun C, Pang X, Chen P, Chai R, Yang T, Wu H, Liu D. THOC1 deficiency leads to late-onset nonsyndromic hearing loss through p53-mediated hair cell apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008953. [PMID: 32776944 PMCID: PMC7444544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of cochlear hair cells is a key step towards age-related hearing loss. Although numerous genes have been implicated in the genetic causes of late-onset, progressive hearing loss, few show direct links to the proapoptotic process. By genome-wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous p.L183V variant in THOC1 as the probable cause of the late-onset, progressive, non-syndromic hearing loss in a large family with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thoc1, a member of the conserved multisubunit THO/TREX ribonucleoprotein complex, is highly expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. The thoc1 knockout (thoc1 mutant) zebrafish generated by gRNA-Cas9 system lacks the C-startle response, indicative of the hearing dysfunction. Both Thoc1 mutant and knockdown zebrafish have greatly reduced hair cell numbers, while the latter can be rescued by embryonic microinjection of human wild-type THOC1 mRNA but to significantly lesser degree by the c.547C>G mutant mRNA. The Thoc1 deficiency resulted in marked apoptosis in zebrafish hair cells. Consistently, transcriptome sequencing of the mutants showed significantly increased gene expression in the p53-associated signaling pathway. Depletion of p53 or applying the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α significantly rescued the hair cell loss in the Thoc1 knockdown zebrafish. Our results suggested that THOC1 deficiency lead to late-onset, progressive hearing loss through p53-mediated hair cell apoptosis. This is to our knowledge the first human disease associated with THOC1 mutations and may shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuchu Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanyun Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiuhong Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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5
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Cai S, Bai Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Ding X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Chen S, Zhou H, Liu H, Yang C, Sun T. Knockdown of THOC1 reduces the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma and increases the sensitivity to cisplatin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:135. [PMID: 32669125 PMCID: PMC7362638 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers with poor prognosis and high incidence. The clinical data analysis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas reveals that the THO Complex 1 (THOC1) is remarkable upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize that THOC1 can promote the proliferation of HCC. The present study aims to identify THOC1 as the target for HCC treatment and broaden our sights into therapeutic strategy for this disease. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to measure gene and protein expression. Colony formation and cell cycle analysis were performed to evaluate the proliferation. The gene set enrichment analysis were performed to identify the function which THOC1 was involved in. The effects of THOC1 on the malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular cells were examined in vitro and in vivo. Results The gene set enrichment analysis reveals that THOC1 can promote the proliferation and G2/M cell cycle transition of HCC. Similarly, experimental results demonstrate that THOC1 promotes HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. The knockdown of THOC1 leads to R-loop formation and DNA damage and confers sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, in vivo data demonstrate that THOC1 can enhance tumorigenesis by increasing tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, virtual screening predicts that THOC1 as a direct target of luteolin. Luteolin can induce DNA damage and suppress the proliferation of HCC by targeting THOC1. Furthermore, the inhibition of THOC1 activity by luteolin enhances the chemosensitivity of HCC tumor cells to cisplatin. Conclusions THOC1 was identified as a predictive biomarker vital for HCC-targeted treatments and improvement of clinical prognosis. Luteolin combined with cisplatin can effectively suppress HCC tumor growth, indicating a potential and effective therapeutic strategy that uses luteolin in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiujuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38, Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identified Compound Heterozygous Mutations in MYO15A as the Probable Cause of Nonsyndromic Deafness in a Chinese Han Family. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:6350479. [PMID: 32617096 PMCID: PMC7313121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6350479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with more than 60% of congenital cases caused by genetic factors. This study is aimed at identifying the genetic cause of congenital hearing loss in a Chinese Han family. Auditory evaluation before and after cochlear implantation and targeted next-generation sequencing of 140 deafness-related genes were performed for the deaf proband. Compound heterozygous mutations c.3658_3662del (p. E1221Wfs∗23) and c.6177+1G>T were identified in MYO15A as the only candidate pathogenic mutations cosegregated with the hearing loss in this family. These two variants were absent in 200 normal-hearing Chinese Hans and were classified as likely pathogenic and pathogenic, respectively, based on the ACMG guideline. Our study further expanded the mutation spectrum of MYO15A as the c.3658_3662del mutation is novel and confirmed that deaf patients with recessive MYO15A mutations have a good outcome for cochlear implantation.
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7
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An F-Box Protein, Mdm30, Interacts with TREX Subunit Sub2 To Regulate Cellular Abundance Cotranscriptionally in Orchestrating mRNA Export Independently of Splicing and Mitochondrial Function. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00570-19. [PMID: 31932480 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00570-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although an F-box protein, Mdm30, is found to regulate ubiquitylation of the Sub2 component of TREX (transcription-export) complex for proteasomal degradation in stimulation of mRNA export, it remains unknown whether such ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulation of Sub2 occurs cotranscriptionally via its interaction with Mdm30. Further, it is unclear whether impaired UPS regulation of Sub2 in the absence of Mdm30 alters mRNA export via splicing defects of export factors and/or mitochondrial dynamics/function, since Sub2 controls mRNA splicing and Mdm30 regulates mitochondrial aggregation. Here, we show that Mdm30 interacts with Sub2, and temporary shutdown of Mdm30 enhances Sub2's abundance and impairs mRNA export. Likewise, Sub2's abundance is increased following transcriptional inhibition. These results support Mdm30's direct role in regulation of Sub2's cellular abundance in a transcription-dependent manner. Consistently, the chromatin-bound Sub2 level is increased in the absence of Mdm30. Further, we find that Mdm30 does not facilitate splicing of export factors. Moreover, Mdm30 does not have a dramatic effect on mitochondrial respiration/function, and mRNA export occurs in the absence of Fzo1, which is required for mitochondrial dynamics/respiration. Collective results reveal that Mdm30 interacts with Sub2 for proteasomal degradation in a transcription-dependent manner to promote mRNA export independently of splicing or mitochondrial function, thus advancing our understanding of mRNA export.
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8
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Dufresne J, Bowden P, Thavarajah T, Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Chen ZZ, Tucholska M, Norzin T, Ho MT, Phan M, Mohamed N, Ravandi A, Stanton E, Slutsky AS, Dos Santos CC, Romaschin A, Marshall JC, Addison C, Malone S, Heyland D, Scheltens P, Killestein J, Teunissen C, Diamandis EP, Siu KWM, Marshall JG. The plasma peptides of breast versus ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:43. [PMID: 31889940 PMCID: PMC6927194 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to demonstrate a proof of principle that proteomics has the capacity to analyze plasma from breast cancer versus other diseases and controls in a multisite clinical trial design. The peptides or proteins that show a high observation frequency, and/or precursor intensity, specific to breast cancer plasma might be discovered by comparison to other diseases and matched controls. The endogenous tryptic peptides of breast cancer plasma were compared to ovarian cancer, female normal, sepsis, heart attack, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis along with the institution-matched normal and control samples collected directly onto ice. Methods Endogenous tryptic peptides were extracted from individual breast cancer and control EDTA plasma samples in a step gradient of acetonitrile, and collected over preparative C18 for LC-ESI-MS/MS with a set of LTQ XL linear quadrupole ion traps working together in parallel to randomly and independently sample clinical populations. The MS/MS spectra were fit to fully tryptic peptides or phosphopeptides within proteins using the X!TANDEM algorithm. The protein observation frequency was counted using the SEQUEST algorithm after selecting the single best charge state and peptide sequence for each MS/MS spectra. The observation frequency was subsequently tested by Chi Square analysis. The log10 precursor intensity was compared by ANOVA in the R statistical system. Results Peptides and/or phosphopeptides of common plasma proteins such as APOE, C4A, C4B, C3, APOA1, APOC2, APOC4, ITIH3 and ITIH4 showed increased observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in breast cancer. Many cellular proteins also showed large changes in frequency by Chi Square (χ2 > 100, p < 0.0001) in the breast cancer samples such as CPEB1, LTBP4, HIF-1A, IGHE, RAB44, NEFM, C19orf82, SLC35B1, 1D12A, C8orf34, HIF1A, OCLN, EYA1, HLA-DRB1, LARS, PTPDC1, WWC1, ZNF562, PTMA, MGAT1, NDUFA1, NOGOC, OR1E1, OR1E2, CFI, HSA12, GCSH, ELTD1, TBX15, NR2C2, FLJ00045, PDLIM1, GALNT9, ASH2L, PPFIBP1, LRRC4B, SLCO3A1, BHMT2, CS, FAM188B2, LGALS7, SAT2, SFRS8, SLC22A12, WNT9B, SLC2A4, ZNF101, WT1, CCDC47, ERLIN1, SPFH1, EID2, THOC1, DDX47, MREG, PTPRE, EMILIN1, DKFZp779G1236 and MAP3K8 among others. The protein gene symbols with large Chi Square values were significantly enriched in proteins that showed a complex set of previously established functional and structural relationships by STRING analysis. An increase in mean precursor intensity of peptides was observed for QSER1 as well as SLC35B1, IQCJ-SCHIP1, MREG, BHMT2, LGALS7, THOC1, ANXA4, DHDDS, SAT2, PTMA and FYCO1 among others. In contrast, the QSER1 peptide QPKVKAEPPPK was apparently specific to ovarian cancer. Conclusion There was striking agreement between the breast cancer plasma peptides and proteins discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS with previous biomarkers from tumors, cells lines or body fluids by genetic or biochemical methods. The results indicate that variation in plasma peptides from breast cancer versus ovarian cancer may be directly discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS that will be a powerful tool for clinical research. It may be possible to use a battery of sensitive and robust linear quadrupole ion traps for random and independent sampling of plasma from a multisite clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Dufresne
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pete Bowden
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thanusi Thavarajah
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zhuo Zhen Chen
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Monika Tucholska
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tenzin Norzin
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Margaret Truc Ho
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Morla Phan
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nargiz Mohamed
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- 2Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eric Stanton
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 4St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Chair in Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Romaschin
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina Addison
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shawn Malone
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daren Heyland
- 7Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- 8Alzheimer Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- 9MS Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- 10Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Dept of Clinical Chemsitry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K W M Siu
- 12University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - John G Marshall
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada.,13International Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Luxembourg Institute of Health (formerly CRP Sante Luxembourg), Strassen, Luxembourg
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9
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Mechanism and Regulation of Co-transcriptional mRNP Assembly and Nuclear mRNA Export. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1203:1-31. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31434-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Hautbergue GM. RNA Nuclear Export: From Neurological Disorders to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1007:89-109. [PMID: 28840554 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a nuclear envelope, also known as nuclear membrane, defines the structural framework of all eukaryotic cells by separating the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, from the cytoplasm where the synthesis of proteins takes place. Translation of proteins in Eukaryotes is thus dependent on the active transport of DNA-encoded RNA molecules through pores embedded within the nuclear membrane. Several mechanisms are involved in this process generally referred to as RNA nuclear export or nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA. The regulated expression of genes requires the nuclear export of protein-coding messenger RNA molecules (mRNAs) as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) together with proteins and pre-assembled ribosomal subunits. The nuclear export of mRNAs is intrinsically linked to the co-transcriptional processing of nascent transcripts synthesized by the RNA polymerase II. This functional coupling is essential for the survival of cells allowing for timely nuclear export of fully processed transcripts, which could otherwise cause the translation of abnormal proteins such as the polymeric repeat proteins produced in some neurodegenerative diseases. Alterations of the mRNA nuclear export pathways can also lead to genome instability and to various forms of cancer. This chapter will describe the molecular mechanisms driving the nuclear export of RNAs with a particular emphasis on mRNAs. It will also review their known alterations in neurological disorders and cancer, and the recent opportunities they offer for the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume M Hautbergue
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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Abstract
TRanscription and EXport (TREX) is a conserved multisubunit complex essential for embryogenesis, organogenesis and cellular differentiation throughout life. By linking transcription, mRNA processing and export together, it exerts a physiologically vital role in the gene expression pathway. In addition, this complex prevents DNA damage and regulates the cell cycle by ensuring optimal gene expression. As the extent of TREX activity in viral infections, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cancer emerges, the need for a greater understanding of TREX function becomes evident. A complete elucidation of the composition, function and interactions of the complex will provide the framework for understanding the molecular basis for a variety of diseases. This review details the known composition of TREX, how it is regulated and its cellular functions with an emphasis on mammalian systems.
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12
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Tran DDH, Saran S, Koch A, Tamura T. mRNA export protein THOC5 as a tool for identification of target genes for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, French SL, Beyer AL, Schneider DA. The Transcription Factor THO Promotes Transcription Initiation and Elongation by RNA Polymerase I. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3010-8. [PMID: 26663077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ribosomal RNA represents the majority of cellular RNA, and ribosome synthesis is closely connected to cell growth and proliferation rates, a complete understanding of the factors that influence transcription of ribosomal DNA is lacking. Here, we show that the THO complex positively affects transcription by RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We found that THO physically associates with the rDNA repeat and interacts genetically with Pol I transcription initiation factors. Pol I transcription in hpr1 or tho2 null mutants is dramatically reduced to less than 20% of the WT level. Pol I occupancy of the coding region of the rDNA in THO mutants is decreased to ~50% of WT level. Furthermore, although the percentage of active rDNA repeats remains unaffected in the mutant cells, the overall rDNA copy number increases ~2-fold compared with WT. Together, these data show that perturbation of THO function impairs transcription initiation and elongation by Pol I, identifying a new cellular target for the conserved THO complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0024 and
| | - Sarah L French
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Ann L Beyer
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - David A Schneider
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0024 and
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14
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Liu C, Yue B, Yuan C, Zhao S, Fang C, Yu Y, Yan D. Elevated expression of Thoc1 is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Viphakone N, Cumberbatch MG, Livingstone MJ, Heath PR, Dickman MJ, Catto JW, Wilson SA. Luzp4 defines a new mRNA export pathway in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2353-66. [PMID: 25662211 PMCID: PMC4344508 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) represented a poorly characterized group of proteins whose expression is normally restricted to testis but are frequently up-regulated in cancer cells. Here we show that one CTA, Luzp4, is an mRNA export adaptor. It associates with the TREX mRNA export complex subunit Uap56 and harbours a Uap56 binding motif, conserved in other mRNA export adaptors. Luzp4 binds the principal mRNA export receptor Nxf1, enhances its RNA binding activity and complements Alyref knockdown in vivo. Whilst Luzp4 is up-regulated in a range of tumours, it appears preferentially expressed in melanoma cells where it is required for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Viphakone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marcus G Cumberbatch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK Academic Urology Unit, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michaela J Livingstone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - James W Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart A Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
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Chinnam M, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gold DL, Khoury T, Nikitin AY, Foster BA, Li Y, Bshara W, Morrison CD, Payne Ondracek RD, Mohler JL, Goodrich DW. The Thoc1 ribonucleoprotein and prostate cancer progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju306. [PMID: 25296641 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers will remain indolent, but distinguishing between aggressive and indolent disease is imprecise. This has led to the important clinical problem of overtreatment. THOC1 encodes a nuclear ribonucleoprotein whose expression is higher in some cancers than in normal tissue. The hypothesis that THOC1 may be a functionally relevant biomarker that can improve the identification of aggressive prostate cancer has not been tested. METHODS THOC1 protein immunostaining was evaluated in a retrospective collection of more than 700 human prostate cancer specimens and the results associated with clinical variables and outcome. Thoc1 was conditionally deleted in an autochthonous mouse model (n = 22 or 23 per genotype) to test whether it is required for prostate cancer progression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS THOC1 protein immunostaining increases with higher Gleason score and more advanced Tumor/Node/Metastasis stage. Time to biochemical recurrence is statistically significantly shorter for cancers with high THOC1 protein (log-rank P = .002, and it remains statistically significantly associated with biochemical recurrence after adjusting for Gleason score, clinical stage, and prostate-specific antigen levels (hazard ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 2.51, P = .04). Thoc1 deletion prevents prostate cancer progression in mice, but has little effect on normal tissue. Prostate cancer cells deprived of Thoc1 show gene expression defects that compromise cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Thoc1 is required to support the unique gene expression requirements of aggressive prostate cancer in mice. In humans, high THOC1 protein immunostaining associates with prostate cancer aggressiveness and recurrence. Thus, THOC1 protein is a functionally relevant molecular marker that may improve the identification of aggressive prostate cancers, potentially reducing overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenalakshmi Chinnam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - David L Gold
- Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Carl D Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - Rochelle D Payne Ondracek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (MC, YW, XZ, BAF, DWG), Department of Biostatistics (DLG), Department of Pathology (TK, WB, CDM), Department of Cancer Prevention and Population Science (RDPO), Department of Urology (JLM), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (AYN); Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (YL). Current affiliation: MedImmune LLC, Gaitherburg, MD.
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Pitzonka L, Ullas S, Chinnam M, Povinelli BJ, Fisher DT, Golding M, Appenheimer MM, Nemeth MJ, Evans S, Goodrich DW. The Thoc1 encoded ribonucleoprotein is required for myeloid progenitor cell homeostasis in the adult mouse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97628. [PMID: 24830368 PMCID: PMC4022742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-transcriptionally assembled ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are critical for RNA processing and nuclear export. RNPs have been hypothesized to contribute to the regulation of coordinated gene expression, and defects in RNP biogenesis contribute to genome instability and disease. Despite the large number of RNPs and the importance of the molecular processes they mediate, the requirements for individual RNP complexes in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis are not well characterized. THO is an evolutionarily conserved, nuclear RNP complex that physically links nascent transcripts with the nuclear export apparatus. THO is essential for early mouse embryonic development, limiting characterization of the requirements for THO in adult tissues. To address this shortcoming, a mouse strain has been generated allowing inducible deletion of the Thoc1 gene which encodes an essential protein subunit of THO. Bone marrow reconstitution was used to generate mice in which Thoc1 deletion could be induced specifically in the hematopoietic system. We find that granulocyte macrophage progenitors have a cell autonomous requirement for Thoc1 to maintain cell growth and viability. Lymphoid lineages are not detectably affected by Thoc1 loss under the homeostatic conditions tested. Myeloid lineages may be more sensitive to Thoc1 loss due to their relatively high rate of proliferation and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pitzonka
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sumana Ullas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Meenalakshmi Chinnam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Povinelli
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Golding
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. Appenheimer
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sharon Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tran DDH, Koch A, Tamura T. THOC5, a member of the mRNA export complex: a novel link between mRNA export machinery and signal transduction pathways in cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:3. [PMID: 24410813 PMCID: PMC3899923 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth, differentiation, and commitment to a restricted lineage are guided by a timely expressed set of growth factor/cytokine receptors and their down-stream transcription factor genes. Transcriptional control mechanisms of gene expression during differentiation have been mainly studied by focusing on the cis- and trans-elements in promoters however, the role of mRNA export machinery during differentiation has not been adequately examined. THO (Suppressors of the transcriptional defects of hpr1 delta by overexpression) complex 5 (THOC5) is a member of THO complex which is a subcomplex of the transcription/export complex (TREX). THOC5 is evolutionarily conserved in higher eukaryotes, however the exact roles of THOC5 in transcription and mRNA export are still unclear. In this review, we focus on recently uncovered aspects of the role of THOC5 in signal transduction induced by extracellular stimuli. THOC5 is phosphorylated by several protein kinases at multiple residues upon extracellular stimuli. These include stimulation with growth factors/cytokines/chemokines, or DNA damage reagents. Furthermore, THOC5 is a substrate for several oncogenic tyrosine kinases, suggesting that THOC5 may be involved in cancer development. Recent THOC5 knockout mouse data reveal that THOC5 is an essential element in the maintenance of stem cells and growth factor/cytokine-mediated differentiation/proliferation. Furthermore, depletion of THOC5 influences less than 1% of total mRNA export in the steady state, however it influences more than 90% of growth factor/cytokine induced genes. THOC5, thereby contributes to the 3' processing and/or export of immediate-early genes induced by extracellular stimuli. These studies bring new insight into the link between the mRNA export complex and immediate-early gene response. The data from these studies also suggest that THOC5 may be a useful tool for studying stem cell biology, for modifying the differentiation processes and for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruko Tamura
- Institut fuer Biochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, D-30623, Hannover, Germany.
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Tran DDH, Saran S, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Williamson AJK, Klebba-Färber S, Koch A, Kracht M, Whetton AD, Tamura T. Transcriptional regulation of immediate-early gene response by THOC5, a member of mRNA export complex, contributes to the M-CSF-induced macrophage differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e879. [PMID: 24157873 PMCID: PMC3920956 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis and commitment to a restricted lineage are guided by a timely expressed set of cytokine receptors and their downstream transcription factors. A member of the mRNA export complex, THOC5 (suppressors of the transcriptional defects of hpr1 delta by overexpression complex 5) is a substrate for several tyrosine kinases such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor and various leukemogenic tyrosine kinases, such as Bcr-Abl, or NPM-ALK. THOC5 tyrosine phosphorylation is elevated in stem cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, suggesting that THOC5 may be involved in leukemia development. THOC5 is also an essential element in the maintenance of hematopoiesis in adult mice. In this report, we show that THOC5 is located in the nuclear speckles, and that it is translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm during M-CSF-induced bone marrow-derived macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, we have identified THOC5 target genes by trancriptome analysis, using tamoxifen-inducible THOC5 knockout macrophages. Although only 99 genes were downregulated in THOC5-depleted macrophages, half of the genes are involved in differentiation and/or migration. These include well-known regulators of myeloid differentiation inhibitor of DNA binding (Id)1, Id3, Smad family member 6 (Smad6) and Homeobox (Hox)A1. In addition, a subset of M-CSF-inducible genes, such as Ets family mRNAs are THOC5 target mRNAs. Upon depletion of THOC5, unspliced v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (Ets1) mRNA was accumulated in the nucleus. Furthermore, THOC5 was recruited to chromatin where Ets1 was transcribed and bound to unspliced and spliced Ets1 transcripts, indicating that THOC5 has a role in processing/export of M-CSF-inducible genes. In conclusion, regulation of immediate-early gene response by THOC5, a member of mRNA export complex contributes to the M-CSF-induced macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D H Tran
- Institut fuer Biochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, Hannover D-30623, Germany
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The THO ribonucleoprotein complex is required for stem cell homeostasis in the adult mouse small intestine. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3505-14. [PMID: 23816884 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00751-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA processing and transport are mediated by cotranscriptionally assembled ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. RNPs have been postulated to help specify coordinated gene expression, but the requirements for specific RNP complexes in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis have not been extensively evaluated. THO is an evolutionarily conserved RNP complex that links transcription with nuclear export. THO is not essential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability, but it is essential for early mouse embryonic development. Embryonic lethality has limited the characterization of THO requirements in adult tissues. To overcome this limitation, a mouse model has been generated that allows widespread inducible deletion of Thoc1, which encodes an essential protein subunit of THO. Widespread Thoc1 deletion disrupts homeostasis within the small intestine but does not have detectable effects in other epithelial tissues such as the related mucosa of the large intestine. Thoc1 loss compromises the proliferation and lineage-generating capacity of small intestinal stem cells, disrupting the supply of differentiated cells in this rapidly renewing tissue. These findings demonstrate that the effects of THO deficiency in the adult mouse are tissue and cell type dependent.
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Lin YS, Lin CH, Huang LD, Chao T, Kuo CD, Hung LC, Wong FH, Lin CC, Fu SL. The suppression of thoc1 in cancer cell apoptosis mediated by activated macrophages is nitric oxide-dependent. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:242-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Beaulieu CL, Huang L, Innes AM, Akimenko MA, Puffenberger EG, Schwartz C, Jerry P, Ober C, Hegele RA, McLeod DR, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Bulman DE, Parboosingh JS, Boycott KM. Intellectual disability associated with a homozygous missense mutation in THOC6. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:62. [PMID: 23621916 PMCID: PMC3644499 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently described a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability in four patients from two related Hutterite families. Identity-by-descent mapping localized the gene to a 5.1 Mb region at chromosome 16p13.3 containing more than 170 known or predicted genes. The objective of this study was to identify the causative gene for this rare disorder. Methods and results Candidate gene sequencing followed by exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense mutation p.Gly46Arg, in THOC6. No other potentially causative coding variants were present within the critical region on chromosome 16. THOC6 is a member of the THO/TREX complex which is involved in coordinating mRNA processing with mRNA export from the nucleus. In situ hybridization showed that thoc6 is highly expressed in the midbrain and eyes. Cellular localization studies demonstrated that wild-type THOC6 is present within the nucleus as is the case for other THO complex proteins. However, mutant THOC6 was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm, suggesting that the mutant protein is unable to carry out its normal function. siRNA knockdown of THOC6 revealed increased apoptosis in cultured cells. Conclusion Our findings associate a missense mutation in THOC6 with intellectual disability, suggesting the THO/TREX complex plays an important role in neurodevelopment.
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Song F, Fan C, Wang X, Goodrich DW. The Thoc1 encoded ribonucleoprotein is a substrate for the NEDD4-1 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57995. [PMID: 23460917 PMCID: PMC3584038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes form around nascent RNA during transcription to facilitate proper transcriptional elongation, RNA processing, and nuclear export. RNPs are highly heterogeneous, and different types of RNPs tend to package functionally related transcripts. These observations have inspired the hypothesis that RNP mediated mechanisms help specify coordinated gene expression. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that mutations in RNP components can cause defects in specific developmental pathways. How RNP biogenesis itself is regulated, however, is not well understood. The evolutionarily conserved THO RNP complex functions early during transcription to package nascent transcripts and facilitate subsequent RNP biogenesis. THO deficiency compromises transcriptional elongation as well as RNP mediated events like 3′ end formation and nuclear export for some transcripts. Using molecularly manipulated cells and in vitro reconstituted biochemical reactions, we demonstrate that the essential THO protein component encoded by the Thoc1 gene is poly-ubiquitinated by the NEDD4-1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Poly-ubiquitinated pThoc1 is degraded by the proteasome. These results indicate THO activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and that this regulation is evolutionarily conserved between yeast and mammals. Manipulation of NEDD4-1 levels has modest effects on Thoc1 protein levels under steady state conditions, but destabilization of Thoc1 protein upon treatment with a transcriptional elongation inhibitor is dependent on NEDD4-1. This suggests NEDD4-1 functions in conjunction with other post-translational mechanisms to regulate Thoc1 protein and THO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chuandong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Katahira J. mRNA export and the TREX complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:507-13. [PMID: 22178508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, we have learned that eukaryotes have evolved sophisticated means to coordinate the nuclear export of mRNAs with different steps of gene expression. This functional orchestration is important for the maintenance of the efficiency and fidelity of gene expression processes. The TREX (TRanscription-EXport) complex is an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that plays a major role in the functional coupling of different steps during mRNA biogenesis, including mRNA transcription, processing, decay, and nuclear export. Furthermore, recent gene knockout studies in mice have revealed that the metazoan TREX complex is required for cell differentiation and development, likely because this complex regulates the expression of key genes. These newly identified roles for the TREX complex suggest the existence of a relationship between mRNA nuclear biogenesis and more complex cellular processes. This review describes the functional roles of the TREX complex in gene expression and the nuclear export of mRNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Transport and RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Katahira
- Biomolecular Networks Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Torkamani A, Schork NJ. Background gene expression networks significantly enhance drug response prediction by transcriptional profiling. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 12:446-52. [PMID: 21826086 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of gene expression studies coupled with drug response screens is to identify predictive profiles that can be exploited to stratify patients. Numerous methods have been proposed towards this end, most of them focusing on novel statistical methods and model selection techniques that attempt to uncover groups of genes, whose expression profiles are directly and robustly correlated with drug response. However, biological systems process information through the crosstalk of multiple signaling networks, whose ultimate phenotypic consequences may only be determined by the combined input of relevant interacting systems. By restricting predictive signatures to direct gene-drug correlations, biologically meaningful interactions that may serve as superior predictors are ignored. Here we demonstrate that predictive signatures, which incorporate the interaction between background gene expression patterns and individual predictive probes, can provide superior models than those that directly relate gene expression levels to pharmacological response, and thus should be more widely utilized in pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torkamani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Guria A, Tran DDH, Ramachandran S, Koch A, El Bounkari O, Dutta P, Hauser H, Tamura T. Identification of mRNAs that are spliced but not exported to the cytoplasm in the absence of THOC5 in mouse embryo fibroblasts. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 17:1048-56. [PMID: 21525145 PMCID: PMC3096037 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2607011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The TREX (transcription/export) complex has been conserved throughout evolution from yeast to man and is required for coupled transcription elongation and nuclear export of mRNAs. The TREX complex in mammals and Drosophila is composed of the THO subcomplex (THOC1, THOC2, THOC5, THOC6, and THOC7), THOC3, UAP56, and Aly/THOC4. In human and Drosophila, various studies have shown that THO is required for the export of heat shock mRNAs, but nothing is known about other mRNAs. Our previous study using conditional THOC5 (or FMIP) knockout mice revealed that the presence of THOC5 is critical in hematopoietic cells but not for terminally differentiated cells. In this study, we describe the establishment of a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (MEF), THOC5 flox/flox. Four days after infection of MEF THOC5 flox/flox with adenovirus carrying Cre-recombinase gene (Ad-GFP-Cre), THOC5 is down-regulated >95% at the protein level, and cell growth is strongly suppressed. Transcriptome analysis using cytoplasmic RNA isolated from cells lacking functional THOC5 reveals that only 2.9% of all genes were down-regulated more than twofold. Although we examined these genes in fibroblasts, one-fifth of all down-regulated genes (including HoxB3 and polycomb CBX2) are known to play a key role in hematopoietic development. We further identified 10 genes that are spliced but not exported to the cytoplasm in the absence of THOC5. These mRNAs were copurified with THOC5. Furthermore, Hsp70 mRNA was exported in the absence of THOC5 at 37°C, but not under heat shock condition (42°C), suggesting that THOC5 may be required for mRNA export under stress and/or upon signaling-induced conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Guria
- Institut für Biochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30623 Hannover, Germany
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Domínguez-Sánchez MS, Sáez C, Japón MA, Aguilera A, Luna R. Differential expression of THOC1 and ALY mRNP biogenesis/export factors in human cancers. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:77. [PMID: 21329510 PMCID: PMC3050854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One key step in gene expression is the biogenesis of mRNA ribonucleoparticle complexes (mRNPs). Formation of the mRNP requires the participation of a number of conserved factors such as the THO complex. THO interacts physically and functionally with the Sub2/UAP56 RNA-dependent ATPase, and the Yra1/REF1/ALY RNA-binding protein linking transcription, mRNA export and genome integrity. Given the link between genome instability and cancer, we have performed a comparative analysis of the expression patterns of THOC1, a THO complex subunit, and ALY in tumor samples. Methods The mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and hybridization of a tumor tissue cDNA array; and the protein levels and distribution by immunostaining of a custom tissue array containing a set of paraffin-embedded samples of different tumor and normal tissues followed by statistical analysis. Results We show that the expression of two mRNP factors, THOC1 and ALY are altered in several tumor tissues. THOC1 mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated in ovarian and lung tumors and down-regulated in those of testis and skin, whereas ALY is altered in a wide variety of tumors. In contrast to THOC1, ALY protein is highly detected in normal proliferative cells, but poorly in high-grade cancers. Conclusions These results suggest a differential connection between tumorogenesis and the expression levels of human THO and ALY. This study opens the possibility of defining mRNP biogenesis factors as putative players in cell proliferation that could contribute to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Domínguez-Sánchez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Av, Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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E2f binding-deficient Rb1 protein suppresses prostate tumor progression in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 108:704-9. [PMID: 21187395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015027108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutational inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene initiates retinoblastoma and other human cancers. RB1 protein (pRb) restrains cell proliferation by binding E2f transcription factors and repressing the expression of cell cycle target genes. It is presumed that loss of pRb/E2f interaction accounts for tumor initiation, but this has not been directly tested. RB1 mutation is a late event in other human cancers, suggesting a role in tumor progression as well as initiation. It is currently unknown whether RB1 mutation drives tumor progression and, if so, whether loss of pRb/E2f interaction is responsible. We have characterized tumorigenesis in mice expressing a mutant pRb that is specifically deficient in binding E2f. In endocrine tissue, the mutant pRb has no detectable effect on tumorigenesis. In contrast, it significantly delays progression to invasive and lethal prostate cancer. Tumor delay is associated with induction of a senescence response. We conclude that the pRb/E2f interaction is critical for preventing tumor initiation, but that pRb can use additional context-dependent mechanisms to restrain tumor progression.
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Duarte IF, Lamego I, Marques J, Marques MPM, Blaise BJ, Gil AM. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Study of the Effect of Cisplatin on the Metabolic Profile of MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5877-86. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100635n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iola F. Duarte
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Inês Lamego
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joana Marques
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Paula M. Marques
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin J. Blaise
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ana M. Gil
- CICECO−Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, R&D Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, and Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Mancini A, Niemann-Seyde SC, Pankow R, El Bounkari O, Klebba-Färber S, Koch A, Jaworska E, Spooncer E, Gruber AD, Whetton AD, Tamura T. THOC5/FMIP, an mRNA export TREX complex protein, is essential for hematopoietic primitive cell survival in vivo. BMC Biol 2010; 8:1. [PMID: 20051105 PMCID: PMC2806247 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription/export complex is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to man and is required for coupled transcription elongation and nuclear export of mRNAs. FMIP(Fms interacting protein) is a member of the THO (suppressors of the transcriptional defects of hpr1delta by overexpression) complex which is a subcomplex of the transcription/export complex. THO complex (THOC) components are not essential for bulk poly (A)+ RNA export in higher eukaryotes, but for the nuclear export of subset of mRNAs, however, their exact role is still unclear. Results To study the role of THOC5/Fms interacting protein in vivo, we generated THOC5/Fms interacting protein knockout mice. Since these mice are embryonic lethal, we then generated interferon inducible conditional THOC5/Fms interacting protein knockout mice. After three poly injections all of the mice died within 14 days. No pathological alterations, however, were observed in liver, kidney or heart. Thus we considered the hematopoietic system and found that seven days after poly injection, the number of blood cells in peripheral blood decreased drastically. Investigation of bone marrow cells showed that these became apoptotic within seven days after poly injection. Committed myeloid progenitor cells and cells with long term reconstituting potential were lost from bone marrow within four days after poly injection. Furthermore, infusion of normal bone marrow cells rescued mice from death induced by loss of THOC5/Fms interacting protein. Conclusion THOC5/Fms interacting protein is an essential element in the maintenance of hematopoiesis. Furthermore, mechanistically depletion of THOC5/Fms interacting protein causes the down-regulation of its direct interacting partner, THOC1 which may contribute to altered THO complex function and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mancini
- Institut fuer Biochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
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Luo J, Emanuele MJ, Li D, Creighton CJ, Schlabach MR, Westbrook TF, Wong KK, Elledge SJ. A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies multiple synthetic lethal interactions with the Ras oncogene. Cell 2009; 137:835-48. [PMID: 19490893 PMCID: PMC2768667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the small GTPase Ras are highly prevalent in cancer, but an understanding of the vulnerabilities of these cancers is lacking. We undertook a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify synthetic lethal interactions with the KRAS oncogene. We discovered a diverse set of proteins whose depletion selectively impaired the viability of Ras mutant cells. Among these we observed a strong enrichment for genes with mitotic functions. We describe a pathway involving the mitotic kinase PLK1, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, and the proteasome that, when inhibited, results in prometaphase accumulation and the subsequent death of Ras mutant cells. Gene expression analysis indicates that reduced expression of genes in this pathway correlates with increased survival of patients bearing tumors with a Ras transcriptional signature. Our results suggest a previously underappreciated role for Ras in mitotic progression and demonstrate a pharmacologically tractable pathway for the potential treatment of cancers harboring Ras mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Danan Li
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael R. Schlabach
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas F. Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kwok-kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Duarte IF, Marques J, Ladeirinha AF, Rocha C, Lamego I, Calheiros R, Silva TM, Marques MPM, Melo JB, Carreira IM, Gil AM. Analytical Approaches toward Successful Human Cell Metabolome Studies by NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5023-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900545q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iola F. Duarte
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Ladeirinha
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Rocha
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Lamego
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Calheiros
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia M. Silva
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Paula M. Marques
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Melo
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Carreira
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Cytogenetics Laboratory and Center of Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal, and Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Ahlander J, Bosco G. The RB/E2F pathway and regulation of RNA processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:280-3. [PMID: 19401190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) is inactivated in a majority of cancers. RB restricts cell proliferation by inhibiting the E2F family of transcription factors. The current model for RB/E2F function describes its role in regulating transcription at gene promoters. Whether the RB or E2F proteins might play a role in gene expression beyond transcription initiation is not well known. This review describes evidence that points to a novel role for the RB/E2F network in the regulation of RNA processing, and we propose a model as a framework for future research. The elucidation of a novel role of RB in RNA processing will have a profound impact on our understanding of the role of this tumor suppressor family in cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ahlander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1007 East Lowell Street, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Thoc1 deficiency compromises gene expression necessary for normal testis development in the mouse. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:2794-803. [PMID: 19307311 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01633-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that regulation of RNA processing through an RNP-driven mechanism is important for coordinated gene expression. This hypothesis predicts that defects in RNP biogenesis will adversely affect the elaboration of specific gene expression programs. To explore the role of RNP biogenesis on mammalian development, we have characterized the phenotype of mice hypomorphic for Thoc1. Thoc1 encodes an essential component of the evolutionarily conserved TREX complex. TREX accompanies the elongating RNA polymerase II and facilitates RNP assembly and recruitment of RNA processing factors. Hypomorphic Thoc1 mice are viable despite significantly reduced Thoc1 expression in the tissues examined. While most tissues of Thoc1-deficient mice appear to develop and function normally, gametogenesis is severely compromised. Male infertility is associated with a loss in spermatocyte viability and abnormal endocrine signaling. We suggest that loss of spermatocyte viability is a consequence of defects in the expression of genes required for normal differentiation of cell types within the testes. A number of the genes affected appear to be direct targets for regulation by Thoc1. These findings support the notion that Thoc1-mediated RNP assembly contributes to the coordinated expression of genes necessary for normal differentiation and development in vivo.
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El Bounkari O, Guria A, Klebba-Faerber S, Claussen M, Pieler T, Griffiths JR, Whetton AD, Koch A, Tamura T. Nuclear localization of the pre-mRNA associating protein THOC7 depends upon its direct interaction with Fms tyrosine kinase interacting protein (FMIP). FEBS Lett 2008; 583:13-8. [PMID: 19059247 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
THOC7 and Fms-interacting protein (FMIP) are members of the THO complex that associate with the mRNA export apparatus. FMIP is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein with a nuclear localization signal (NLS), whereas THOC7 does not contain a typical NLS motif. We show here that THOC7 (50-137, amino acid numbers) binds to the N-terminal portion (1-199) of FMIP directly. FMIP is detected mainly in the nucleus. In the absence of exogenous FMIP, THOC7 resides mainly in the cytoplasm, while in the presence of FMIP, THOC7 is transported into the nucleus with FMIP. Furthermore, THOC7 lacking the FMIP binding site does not co-localize with FMIP, indicating that THOC7/FMIP interaction is required for nuclear localization of THOC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Bounkari
- Institut fuer Biochemie, OE4310 Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Carney L, Pierce A, Rijnen M, Gonzalez Sanchez MB, Hamzah HG, Zhang L, Tamura T, Whetton AD. THOC5 couples M-CSF receptor signaling to transcription factor expression. Cell Signal 2008; 21:309-16. [PMID: 19015024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
THOC5 is a nuclear/cytoplasmic protein member of the spliceosome complex which potentiates C/EBP expression in adipocyte differentiation. As C/EBP family members are important regulators of myelopoiesis and THOC5 is highly expressed in neutrophil/macrophage progenitor cells we assessed the role of THOC5 in cytokine-stimulated monocytic development. M-CSF stimulated maturation of the NFS60 cell line was associated with enhanced THOC5 expression and phosphorylation. THOC5 was also shown to form a complex with C/EBPbeta. Ectopic expression of THOC5 mimicked M-CSF mediated cell maturation and enhanced protein expression of the myeloid transcription factors C/EBPbeta, C/EBPalpha, Pu-1 and also GAB2 (a PI-3 Kinase and macrophage development regulator). Increased THOC5 expression also mimicked M-CSF stimulated increases in the lipid second messenger PtdInsP(3). Inhibition of THOC5-induced increases in PtdInsP(3) levels abrogated the elevated levels of C/EBPbeta. Thus THOC5 expression can potentiate receptor signalling to transcription factor expression and monocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Carney
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 9BX, UK
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Duan Z, Weinstein EJ, Ji D, Ames RY, Choy E, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ. Lentiviral short hairpin RNA screen of genes associated with multidrug resistance identifies PRP-4 as a new regulator of chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2377-85. [PMID: 18687998 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Published reports implicate a variety of mechanisms that may contribute to drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The chief aim of this study is to understand the relationship between overexpression of drug resistance associated genes and multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer. Using lentiviral short hairpin RNA collections targeting 132 genes identified from transcriptional profiling of drug-resistant cancer cell lines, individual knockdown experiments were done in the presence of sublethal doses of paclitaxel. Specific genes whose knockdown was found to be associated with cellular toxicity included MDR1 (ABCB1), survivin, and pre-mRNA processing factor-4 (PRP-4). These genes, when repressed, can reverse paclitaxel resistance in the multidrug-resistant cell line SKOV-3(TR) and OVCAR8(TR). Both MDR1 and survivin have been reported previously to play a role in multidrug resistance and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis; however, the effect of PRP-4 expression on drug sensitivity is currently unrecognized. PRP-4 belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing and cell mitosis, and interacts with CLK1. Northern analysis shows that PRP-4 is overexpressed in several paclitaxel-resistant cell lines and confirms that PRP-4 expression could be significantly repressed by PRP-4 lentiviral short hairpin RNA. Both clonogenic and MTT assays confirm that transcriptional repression of PRP-4 could reverse paclitaxel resistance 5-10-fold in SKOV-3(TR). Finally, overexpression of PRP-4 in drug-sensitive cells could induce a modest level of drug resistance to paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Immunity to Growth Factor Receptor–Bound Protein 10, a Signal Transduction Molecule, Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer in Mice. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2463-70. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang J, Li Y, Khoury T, Alrawi S, Goodrich DW, Tan D. Relationships of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 expression to clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2008; 38:105-112. [PMID: 18469354 PMCID: PMC2606038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) are important diagnostic and prognostic markers in various human cancers. The hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 protein, a key NMP, resides in the nuclear matrix and is involved in the human TREX complex, which is required for regulation of transcription elongation, pre-RNA splicing, and mRNA export of a subset of human genes. Depletion of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 decreases growth rates in multiple cancer cell lines, and the expression levels of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 are strongly associated with tumor size and aggressiveness of several human cancers. Little is known about the expression of this protein in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with patients' clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. We evaluated hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 expression in 133 NSCLC patients by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays using paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and we confirmed the tissue staining by Western blot analysis. The prognostic significance of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 expression in tumor tissue was assessed by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 expression was found in 51% of patients, and was more prevalent in males than females (59% vs 43%, p = 0.07) and in blacks than whites (91% vs 48%, p = 0.009). In survival analysis, hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 expression appeared to be weakly associated with elevated risk of death among patients with stage I tumors (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.85-2.77, p = 0.16), squamous cell carcinomas (RR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.73-4.21, p = 0.21), and family histories of lung cancer (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.81-2.97, p=0.18), although none of these associations was statistically significant. Thus elevated expression of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 is common in NSCLC and may have prognostic significance in subgroups of patients. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to elucidate the role of this critical nuclear matrix protein in NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sadir Alrawi
- Department of Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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