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Fu S, Ke H, Yuan H, Xu H, Chen W, Zhao L. Dual role of pregnancy in breast cancer risk. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114501. [PMID: 38527592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive history is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer in women. Pregnancy can promote short-term breast cancer risk, but also reduce a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer. Changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy are one of the key factors in breast cancer risk. This article summarizes the changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy, and the roles of hormones in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. Other factors, such as changes in breast morphology and mammary gland differentiation, changes in the proportion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), changes in the immune and inflammatory environment, and changes in lactation before and after pregnancy, also play key roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This review discusses the dual effects and the potential mechanisms of pregnancy on breast cancer risk from the above aspects, which is helpful to understand the complexity of female breast cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Fu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | | | - Huaimeng Xu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China.
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2
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Gkekos L, Lundberg FE, Humphreys K, Fredriksson I, Johansson ALV. Worse histopathology and prognosis in women with breast cancer diagnosed during the second trimester of pregnancy. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102972. [PMID: 38520846 PMCID: PMC10980937 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that women with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (PrBC) and within 2 years of delivery (PPBC) have similar survival compared to women diagnosed not near pregnancy if adjusted for stage and subtype. To investigate whether this is true for all subtypes and for both pregnancy and post-delivery periods, we examined clinicopathologic features and survival in women with breast cancer by trimesters and 6-month post-delivery intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during 1992-2018 at ages 18-44 years were identified in the Swedish Cancer Register, with information on childbirths from the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and clinical data from Breast Cancer Quality Registers. Each woman with PrBC or PPBC was matched 1 : 2 by age and year to comparators diagnosed with breast cancer not near pregnancy. Distributions of stage, grade, and surrogate subtypes were compared. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer mortality were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS We identified 1430 women with PrBC and PPBC (181 during pregnancy, 499 during the first and 750 during the second year after delivery). Compared to 2860 comparators, women with PrBC and PPBC in the first year after delivery had a significantly higher proportion of luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, HER2-positive and triple-negative tumours, and more advanced stage at diagnosis. After adjustment for age, year, parity, country of birth, hospital region, subtype, and stage, women diagnosed during the second trimester had a worse prognosis than matched comparators (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.2). CONCLUSIONS Women diagnosed during pregnancy or within the first year after delivery have a worse prognosis than women diagnosed not near pregnancy due to adverse tumour biology and advanced stage at diagnosis. A worse prognosis for women diagnosed during the second trimester remained after multivariable adjustment, possibly reflecting difficulties to provide optimal treatment during ongoing pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gkekos
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - F E Lundberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Fredriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A L V Johansson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Price MJ, Nguyen AD, Haines C, Baëta CD, Byemerwa J, Murkajee D, Artham S, Kumar V, Lavau C, Wardell S, Varghese S, Goodwin CR. UDP-6-glucose dehydrogenase in hormonally responsive breast cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585919. [PMID: 38562874 PMCID: PMC10983948 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Survival for metastatic breast cancer is low and thus, continued efforts to treat and prevent metastatic progression are critical. Estrogen is shown to promote aggressive phenotypes in multiple cancer models irrespective of estrogen receptor (ER) status. Similarly, UDP-Glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH) a ubiquitously expressed enzyme involved in extracellular matrix precursors, as well as hormone processing increases migratory and invasive properties in cancer models. While the role of UGDH in cellular migration is defined, how it intersects with and impacts hormone signaling pathways associated with tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer has not been explored. Here we demonstrate that UGDH knockdown blunts estrogen-induced tumorigenic phenotypes (migration and colony formation) in ER+ and ER- breast cancer in vitro. Knockdown of UGDH also inhibits extravasation of ER- breast cancer ex vivo, primary tumor growth and animal survival in vivo in both ER+ and ER- breast cancer. We also use single cell RNA-sequencing to demonstrate that our findings translate to a human breast cancer clinical specimen. Our findings support the role of estrogen and UGDH in breast cancer progression provide a foundation for future studies to evaluate the role of UGDH in therapeutic resistance to improve outcomes and survival for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, John Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Annee D Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Corinne Haines
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - César D Baëta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jovita Byemerwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Debarati Murkajee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vardhman Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Lavau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Wardell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Hurson AN, Ahearn TU, Koka H, Jenkins BD, Harris AR, Roberts S, Fan S, Franklin J, Butera G, Keeman R, Jung AY, Middha P, Gierach GL, Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Tamimi RM, Troester MA, Bandera EV, Abubakar M, Schmidt MK, Garcia-Closas M. Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: A scoping review of the literature. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.18.24304210. [PMID: 39108508 PMCID: PMC11302715 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.24304210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is comprised of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated. Methods We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White. We reviewed publications between January 1, 1990 and July 1, 2022. Etiologic heterogeneity evidence (convincing, suggestive, none, or inconclusive) was determined by expert consensus. Results Publications per risk factor ranged from 14 (benign breast disease history) to 66 (parity). Publications were most abundant for White women, followed by Asian, Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latina women. Etiologic heterogeneity evidence was strongest for parity, followed by age at first birth, post-menopausal BMI, oral contraceptive use, and estrogen-only and combined menopausal hormone therapy. Evidence was limited for other risk factors. Findings were consistent across racial and ethnic groups, although the strength of evidence varied. Conclusion The literature supports etiologic heterogeneity by ER for some established risk factors that are consistent across race and ethnicity groups. However, in non-White populations evidence is limited. Larger, more comparable data in diverse populations is needed to better characterize breast cancer etiologic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Hurson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brittany D Jenkins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra R Harris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvia Roberts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Fan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jamirra Franklin
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gisela Butera
- National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Y Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Moisand A, Madéry M, Boyer T, Domblides C, Blaye C, Larmonier N. Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15048. [PMID: 37894728 PMCID: PMC10606577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers regroup many heterogeneous diseases unevenly responding to currently available therapies. Approximately 70-80% of breast cancers express hormone (estrogen or progesterone) receptors. Patients with these hormone-dependent breast malignancies benefit from therapies targeting endocrine pathways. Nevertheless, metastatic disease remains a major challenge despite available treatments, and relapses frequently ensue. By improving patient survival and quality of life, cancer immunotherapies have sparked considerable enthusiasm and hope in the last decade but have led to only limited success in breast cancers. In addition, only patients with hormone-independent breast cancers seem to benefit from these immune-based approaches. The present review examines and discusses the current literature related to the role of hormone receptor signaling (specifically, an estrogen receptor) and the impact of its modulation on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the effector mechanisms of anti-tumor immune responses and on the capability of breast cancers to escape from protective anti-cancer immunity. Future research prospects related to the possibility of promoting the efficacy of immune-based interventions using hormone therapy agents are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moisand
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Madéry
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Boyer
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Domblides
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Blaye
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Callaway MK, Dos Santos CO. Gestational Breast Cancer - a Review of Outcomes, Pathophysiology, and Model Systems. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:16. [PMID: 37450228 PMCID: PMC10348943 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of pregnancy marks the start of offspring development, and represents the key physiological event that induces re-organization and specialization of breast tissue. Such drastic tissue remodeling has also been linked to epithelial cell transformation and the establishment of breast cancer (BC). While patient outcomes for BC overall continue to improve across subtypes, prognosis remains dismal for patients with gestational breast cancer (GBC) and post-partum breast cancer (PPBC), as pregnancy and lactation pose additional complications and barriers to several gold standard clinical approaches. Moreover, delayed diagnosis and treatment, coupled with the aggressive time-scale in which GBC metastasizes, inevitably contributes to the higher incidence of disease recurrence and patient mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent and evident need to better understand the factors contributing to the establishment and spreading of BC during pregnancy. In this review, we provide a literature-based overview of the diagnostics and treatments available to patients with BC more broadly, and highlight the treatment deficit patients face due to gestational status. Further, we review the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving GBC, and discuss recent advances in model systems that may support the identification of targetable approaches to block BC development and dissemination during pregnancy. Our goal is to provide an updated perspective on GBC, and to inform critical areas needing further exploration to improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila O Dos Santos
- , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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Baraibar I, Ros J, Saoudi N, Salvà F, García A, Castells M, Tabernero J, Élez E. Sex and gender perspectives in colorectal cancer. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101204. [PMID: 37018873 PMCID: PMC10163160 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically women were frequently excluded from clinical trials and drug usage to protect unborn babies from potential harm. As a consequence, the impact of sex and gender on both tumour biology and clinical outcomes has been largely underestimated. Although interrelated and often used interchangeably, sex and gender are not equivalent concepts. Sex is a biological attribute that defines species according to their chromosomal makeup and reproductive organ, while gender refers to a chosen sexual identity. Sex dimorphisms are rarely taken into account, in either preclinical or clinical research, with inadequate analysis of differences in outcomes according to sex or gender still widespread, reflecting a gap in our knowledge for a large proportion of the target population. Underestimation of sex-based differences in study design and analyses has invariably led to 'one-drug' treatment regimens for both males and females. For patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), sex also has an impact on the disease incidence, clinicopathological features, therapeutic outcomes, and tolerability to anticancer treatments. Although the global incidence of CRC is higher in male subjects, the proportion of patients presenting right-sided tumours and BRAF mutations is higher among females. Concerning sex-related differences in treatment efficacy and toxicity, drug dosage does not take into account sex-specific differences in pharmacokinetics. Toxicity associated with fluoropyrimidines, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies has been reported to be more extensive for females with CRC than for males, although evidence about differences in efficacy is more controversial. This article aims to provide an overview of the research achieved so far into sex and gender differences in cancer and summarize the growing body of literature illustrating the sex and gender perspective in CRC and their impact in relation to tumour biology and treatment efficacy and toxicity. We propose endorsing research on how biological sex and gender influence CRC as an added value for precision oncology.
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Chang C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M, Li W. The Distinct Assignments for Hsp90α and Hsp90β: More Than Skin Deep. Cells 2023; 12:277. [PMID: 36672211 PMCID: PMC9857327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the undisputable definition of the cytosolic Hsp90α and hsp90β proteins being evolutionarily conserved, ATP-driven chaperones has ruled basic research and clinical trials. The results of recent studies, however, have fundamentally challenged this paradigm, not to mention the spectacular failures of the paradigm-based clinical trials in cancer and beyond. We now know that Hsp90α and Hsp90β are both ubiquitously expressed in all cell types but assigned for distinct and irreplaceable functions. Hsp90β is essential during mouse development and Hsp90α only maintains male reproductivity in adult mice. Neither Hsp90β nor Hsp90α could substitute each other under these biological processes. Hsp90β alone maintains cell survival in culture and Hsp90α cannot substitute it. Hsp90α also has extracellular functions under stress and Hsp90β does not. The dramatic difference in the steady-state expression of Hsp90 in different mouse organs is due to the variable expressions of Hsp90α. The lowest expression of Hsp90 is less than 2% and the highest expression of Hsp90 is 9% among non-transformed cell lines. The two linker regions only take up less than 5% of the Hsp90 proteins, but harbor 21% of the total amino acid substitutions, i.e., 40% in comparison to the 86% overall amino acid homology. A full understanding of the distinctions between Hsp90α and Hsp90β could lead to new, safe and effective therapeutics targeting Hsp90 in human disorders such as cancer. This is the first comprehensive review of a comparison between the two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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In-Silico Characterization of Estrogen Reactivating β-Glucuronidase Enzyme in GIT Associated Microbiota of Normal Human and Breast Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091545. [PMID: 36140713 PMCID: PMC9498756 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen circulating in blood has been proved to be a strong biomarker for breast cancer. A β-glucuronidase enzyme (GUS) from human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota including probiotics has significant involvement in enhancing the estrogen concentration in blood through deconjugation of glucuronidated estrogens. The present project has been designed to explore GIT microbiome-encoded GUS enzymes (GUSOME) repertoire in normal human and breast cancer patients. For this purpose, a total of nineteen GUS enzymes from human GIT microbes, i.e., seven from healthy and twelve from breast cancer patients have been focused on. Protein sequences of enzymes retrieved from UniProt database were subjected to ProtParam, CELLO2GO, SOPMA (secondary structure prediction method), PDBsum (Protein Database summaries), PHYRE2 (Protein Homology/AnalogY Recognition Engine), SAVES v6.0 (Structure Validation Server), MEME version 5.4.1 (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation), Caver Web server v 1.1, Interproscan and Predicted Antigenic Peptides tool. Analysis revealed the number of amino acids, isoelectric point, extinction coefficient, instability index and aliphatic index of GUS enzymes in the range of 586−795, 4.91−8.92, 89,980−155,075, 25.88−40.93 and 71.01−88.10, respectively. Sub-cellular localization of enzyme was restricted to cytoplasm and inner-membrane in case of breast cancer patients’ bacteria as compared to periplasmic space, outer membrane and extracellular space in normal GIT bacteria. The 2-D structure analysis showed α helix, extended strand, β turn and random coil in the range of 27.42−22.66%, 22.04−25.91%, 5.39−8.30% and 41.75−47.70%, respectively. The druggability score was found to be 0.05−0.45 and 0.06−0.80 in normal and breast cancer patients GIT, respectively. The radius, length and curvature of catalytic sites were observed to be 1.1−2.8 Å, 1.4−15.9 Å and 0.65−1.4, respectively. Ten conserved protein motifs with p < 0.05 and width 25−50 were found. Antigenic propensity-associated sequences were 20−29. Present study findings hint about the use of the bacterial GUS enzymes against breast cancer tumors after modifications via site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic sites involved in the activation of estrogens and through destabilization of these enzymes.
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Barańska A, Dolar-Szczasny J, Kanadys W, Kinik W, Ceglarska D, Religioni U, Rejdak R. Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030574. [PMID: 35158842 PMCID: PMC8833678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on risk of breast cancer (BrCa) by status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and the Cochrane Library database and bibliographies of pertinent articles published up to 2020. Therein, we identified nineteen eligible case-control studies which provided data by breast cancer subtypes: ER-positive (ER+), ER-negative (ER−), HER2-positive (HER2+) and Triplet-negative (TN). Summary risk estimates (pooled OR [pOR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed/random effects models. The summary meta-analysis showed that over-use of OCs led to significant increased risk of TNBrCa (OR = 1.37, 95% CI; 1.13 to 1.67, p = 0.002), as well as of ER−BrCa (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.40, p = 0.019). There was also a significant reduction in the risk of ER+BrCa (OR = O.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99, p = 0.026,) and a slight reduction in the risk of HER2+BrCa (OR = 0.95, 95% CI; 0.79 to 1.14, p = 0.561) after taking OCs. Meta-analysis indicated that OC use has different impacts on risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by receptor status. The identified differences between individual subtypes of breast cancer may reflect different mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Barańska
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-Learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Dolar-Szczasny
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophtalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-070 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (R.R.)
| | | | - Wiktoria Kinik
- Science Popularization Centre, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Ceglarska
- Subunit, Primary Health Care Center Provita, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Religioni
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophtalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-070 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (R.R.)
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Maharjan CK, Mo J, Wang L, Kim MC, Wang S, Borcherding N, Vikas P, Zhang W. Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Chronic Inflammation and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010206. [PMID: 35008370 PMCID: PMC8744660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in breast cancer has long been established. Interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus activates genomic pathways of estrogen signaling. In contrast, estrogen interaction with the cell membrane-bound G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activates the rapid receptor-mediated signaling transduction cascades. Aberrant estrogen signaling enhances mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, hence is an important step towards breast cancer initiation and progression. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies also provide evidence for estrogen's pro- or anti-inflammatory roles. As other articles in this issue cover classic ER and GPER signaling mediated by estrogen, this review will discuss the crucial mechanisms by which estrogen signaling influences chronic inflammation and how that is involved in breast cancer. Xenoestrogens acquired from plant diet or exposure to industrial products constantly interact with and alter innate estrogen signaling at various levels. As such, they can modulate chronic inflammation and breast cancer development. Natural xenoestrogens generally have anti-inflammatory properties, which is consistent with their chemoprotective role in breast cancer. In contrast, synthetic xenoestrogens are proinflammatory and carcinogenic compounds that can increase the risk of breast cancer. This article also highlights important xenoestrogens with a particular focus on their role in inflammation and breast cancer. Improved understanding of the complex relationship between estrogens, inflammation, and breast cancer will guide clinical research on agents that could advance breast cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
| | - Sameul Wang
- Canyonoak Consulting LLC, San Diego, CA 92127, USA;
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Praveen Vikas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.K.M.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (M.-C.K.)
- Mechanism of Oncogenesis Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: to: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6748
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12
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Sui Y, Wu J, Chen J. The Role of Gut Microbial β-Glucuronidase in Estrogen Reactivation and Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631552. [PMID: 34458248 PMCID: PMC8388929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has received considerable attention for its interactions with the host. Microbial β-glucuronidase generated by this community has hence aroused concern for its biotransformation activity to a wide range of exogenous (foreign) and endogenous compounds. Lately, the role of gut microbial β-glucuronidase in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been proposed for its estrogen reactivation activity. This is plausible considering that estrogen glucuronides are the primary products of estrogens' hepatic phase II metabolism and are subject to β-glucuronidase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the gut via bile excretion. However, research in this field is still at its very preliminary stage. This review outlines the biology of microbial β-glucuronidase in the gastrointestinal tract and elaborates on the clues to the existence of microbial β-glucuronidase-estrogen metabolism-breast cancer axis. The research gaps in this field will be discussed and possible strategies to address these challenges are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sui
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Muñoz-Montaño WR, Cabrera-Galeana P, De la Garza-Ramos C, Azim HA, Tabares A, Perez V, Porras Reyes F, Sanchez Benitez D, Alvarado-Miranda A, Lara-Medina F, Vazquez Romo R, Bargallo-Rocha E, Arrieta O, Villarreal-Garza C. Prognosis of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and early postpartum according to immunohistochemical subtype: A matched case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:489-500. [PMID: 34132938 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) poses a clinical challenge and its prognosis remains controversial. During the pregnancy and postpartum periods, the breast undergoes biological events that may uniquely influence disease behavior and treatment response. This study aimed to assess if a PABC diagnosis influences survival compared to non-PABC. METHODS A single-center record review was performed to identify PABC patients diagnosed from January 2007 through June 2018. Two controls were matched to each PABC case by stage, immunohistochemical (IHC) subtype, age (± 3) and year of diagnosis (± 2). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the impact of PABC on outcomes. RESULTS 125 PABC patients (pregnant: 62; postpartum: 63) and 250 controls were included. Median follow-up was 67.7 and 73.4 months, respectively. 4-year DFS was 62% in pregnant vs 78% in controls (p = 0.010), and 63% in postpartum vs 83% in controls (p = 0.034). Subanalysis by IHC subtype revealed a significantly inferior DFS in PABC with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (p = 0.032) and HER2-positive disease (p = 0.005) compared to corresponding non-PABC patients. 4-year OS was similar between case groups and controls. Multivariate analysis supported the independent impact of pregnant and postpartum status on DFS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed during pregnancy and early postpartum are at high risk of recurrence. Further research is warranted to better characterize PABC tumor biology and enable the identification of novel therapeutic interventions to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Muñoz-Montaño
- Breast Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Cabrera-Galeana
- Breast Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cynthia De la Garza-Ramos
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Batallon de San Patricio 112, 66278, Real San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, Mexico
| | - Hatem A Azim
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Batallon de San Patricio 112, 66278, Real San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, Mexico
| | - Ariana Tabares
- Breast Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Perez
- Oncological Pathology of Mammary Tumors Unit, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanny Porras Reyes
- Oncological Pathology of Mammary Tumors Unit, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alberto Alvarado-Miranda
- Breast Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Lara-Medina
- Breast Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vazquez Romo
- Breast Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Bargallo-Rocha
- Breast Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Research Unit, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Cancer, San Fernando #22, Section XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Batallon de San Patricio 112, 66278, Real San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, Mexico.
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14
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Suelmann BBM, van Dooijeweert C, van der Wall E, Linn S, van Diest PJ. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: nationwide Dutch study confirms a discriminatory aggressive histopathologic profile. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:699-704. [PMID: 33635448 PMCID: PMC8019425 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in pregnant women, occurring approximately once in every 3000 pregnancies. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is commonly defined as breast cancer diagnosed during or within one year after pregnancy, and it accounts for up to 6.9% of all breast cancers in women younger than 45 years old. Whether these cancers arise before or during pregnancy, and whether they are stimulated by the high hormonal environment of pregnancy, is currently unknown. This study assesses the histopathological profile of PABC in a large Dutch population-based cohort. Methods We identified 744 patients with PABC (in this cohort defined as breast cancer diagnosed during or within 6 months after pregnancy) diagnosed between 1988 and 2019, in the nationwide Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). An age-matched PALGA cohort of unselected breast cancer patients (≤ 45 years), diagnosed between 2013 and 2016, was used as a control. Histopathologic features of both cohorts were compared. Results The median age of PABC patients was 34.3 years old (range 19–45 years) and most breast cancers were diagnosed during pregnancy (74.2%). As compared to age-matched controls, PABC patients had tumors of higher Bloom–Richardson grade (grade I: 1.5% vs. 12.4%, grade II: 16.9% vs. 31.3%, grade III: 80.3% vs. 39.5%, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, estrogen (ER)- and progesterone (PR)-receptor expression was less frequently reported positive (ER: 38.9% vs. 68.2% and PR: 33.9% vs. 59.0%, p < 0.0001), while a higher percentage of PABC tumors overexpressed HER2 (20.0% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.0001). The most observed intrinsic subtype in PABC was triple-negative breast cancer (38.3% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.0001), whereas hormone-driven cancers were significantly less diagnosed (37.9% vs. 67.3%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion This study, based on a large population-based cohort of 744 PABC Dutch patients, underlines the more aggressive histopathologic profile compared to age-matched breast cancer patients ≤ 45 years. Further in-depth genetic analysis will be performed to unravel the origin of this discriminating phenotype. It definitely calls for timely detection and optimal treatment of this small but delicate subgroup of breast cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-021-06130-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B M Suelmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands.
| | - C van Dooijeweert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - S Linn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (AVL-NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Engin AB, Engin A. The effect of environmental Bisphenol A exposure on breast cancer associated with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103544. [PMID: 33161112 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disrupter. Its environmental exposure is a causative factor of cell aging via decreasing telomerase activity, thus leading to shortening of telomere length. Epidemiological studies confirm positive associations between BPA exposure and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Increased urinary BPA levels in obese females are both significantly correlated with shorter relative telomere length and T2DM. BPA is a critically effective endocrine disrupter leading to poor prognosis via the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in breast cancer. Environmental BPA exposure contributes to the progression of both estrogen dependent and triple negative breast cancers. BPA is a positive regulator of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and it increases the expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer cells. BPA exposure can lead to tamoxifen resistance. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, those with persistent high telomerase activity due to BPA are at higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Triple-negative breast cancer accounted for 12% of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States from 2012 to 2016, with a 5-year survival 8% to 16% lower than hormone receptor-positive disease. However, preventive and screening strategies remain tailored to the demographics of less lethal luminal cancers. This review examines the ethnic, genetic, and modifiable risk factors associated with triple-negative breast cancer, which providers must recognize to address the societal disparities of this deadly disease. Most notable is that triple-negative cancers disproportionately affect African American women and carriers of germline BRCA and PALB2 mutations. Even controlling for treatment delays, stage, and socioeconomic factors, African Americans with triple-negative breast cancer remain nearly twice as likely to die of their disease. To level the playing field, we must integrate genomic predictors of disease and epidemiologic characteristics of molecular breast cancer subtypes to provide personalized risk assessment, screening, and treatment for each patient.
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17
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Parity reduces mammary repopulating activity but does not affect mammary stem cells defined as CD24 + CD29/CD49fhi in mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:565-575. [PMID: 32696317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BCa) mortality is decreasing with early detection and improvement in therapies. The incidence of BCa, however, continues to increase, particularly estrogen-receptor-positive (ER +) subtypes. One of the greatest modifiers of ER + BCa risk is childbearing (parity), with BCa risk halved in young multiparous mothers. Despite convincing epidemiological data, the biology that underpins this protection remains unclear. Parity-induced protection has been postulated to be due to a decrease in mammary stem cells (MaSCs); however, reports to date have provided conflicting data. METHODS We have completed rigorous functional testing of repopulating activity in parous mice using unfractionated and MaSC (CD24midCD49fhi)-enriched populations. We also developed a novel serial transplant method to enable us to assess self-renewal of MaSC following pregnancy. Lastly, as each pregnancy confers additional BCa protection, we subjected mice to multiple rounds of pregnancy to assess whether additional pregnancies impact MaSC activity. RESULTS Here, we report that while repopulating activity in the mammary gland is reduced by parity in the unfractionated gland, it is not due to a loss in the classically defined MaSC (CD24+CD49fhi) numbers or function. Self-renewal was unaffected by parity and additional rounds of pregnancy also did not lead to a decrease in MaSC activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show instead that parity impacts on the stem-like activity of cells outside the MaSC population.
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Paris I, Di Giorgio D, Carbognin L, Corrado G, Garganese G, Franceschini G, Sanchez AM, De Vincenzo RP, Accetta C, Terribile DA, Magno S, Di Leone A, Bove S, Masetti R, Scambia G. Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e120-e127. [PMID: 32778512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) during pregnancy is uncommon. It has varied among different studies from 1:10,000 to 1:3000 of all pregnancies, with a median age of 33 years. Pregnancy-associated BC represents a challenge in terms of clinical management to guarantee both maternal and fetal security in choosing the right treatment. This situation is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, including the surgeon, anesthesiologist, oncologist, radiotherapist, psychologist, and maternal-fetal medicine specialist. In the present review, we examined the management of pregnancy-associated BC, focusing on pathophysiologic background, risk factors, diagnosis, staging procedures, anesthesia, surgical management, and systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Danilo Di Giorgio
- Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Garganese
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Martin Sanchez
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Pasqualina De Vincenzo
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Accetta
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Andreina Terribile
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bove
- Gynaecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Woman Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Tarullo SE, Hill RC, Hansen KC, Behbod F, Borges VF, Nelson AC, Lyons TR. Postpartum breast cancer progression is driven by semaphorin 7a-mediated invasion and survival. Oncogene 2020; 39:2772-2785. [PMID: 32020054 PMCID: PMC7103487 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Young women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have poor prognosis due to increased rates of metastasis. In addition, women diagnosed within 10 years of most recent childbirth are approximately three times more likely to develop metastasis than age- and stage-matched nulliparous women. We define these cases as postpartum BC (PPBC) and propose that the unique biology of the postpartum mammary gland drives tumor progression. Our published results revealed roles for SEMA7A in breast tumor cell growth, motility, invasion, and tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, all of which are also increased in preclinical models of PPBC. However, whether SEMA7A drives progression in PPBC remains largely unexplored. Our results presented herein show that silencing of SEMA7A decreases tumor growth in a model of PPBC, while overexpression is sufficient to increase growth in nulliparous hosts. Further, we show that SEMA7A promotes multiple known drivers of PPBC progression including tumor-associated COX-2 expression and fibroblast-mediated collagen deposition in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we show for the first time that SEMA7A-expressing cells deposit fibronectin to promote tumor cell survival. Finally, we show that co-expression of SEMA7A/COX-2/FN predicts for poor prognosis in breast cancer patient cohorts. These studies suggest SEMA7A as a key mediator of BC progression, and that targeting SEMA7A may open avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Tarullo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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20
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Wagner AD, Oertelt-Prigione S, Adjei A, Buclin T, Cristina V, Csajka C, Coukos G, Dafni U, Dotto GP, Ducreux M, Fellay J, Haanen J, Hocquelet A, Klinge I, Lemmens V, Letsch A, Mauer M, Moehler M, Peters S, Özdemir BC. Gender medicine and oncology: report and consensus of an ESMO workshop. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1914-1924. [PMID: 31613312 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of sex and gender as modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes is well known in other disciplines of medicine, such as cardiology, but remains an undervalued issue in oncology. Considering the increasing evidence for their relevance, European Society for Medical Oncology decided to address this topic and organized a multidisciplinary workshop in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 November and 1 December 2018. DESIGN Twenty invited faculty members and 40 selected physicians/scientists participated. Relevant content was presented by faculty members on the basis of a literature review conducted by each speaker. Following a moderated consensus session, the final consensus statements are reported here. RESULTS Clinically relevant sex differences include tumour biology, immune system activity, body composition and drug disposition and effects. The main differences between male and female cells are sex chromosomes and the level of sexual hormones they are exposed to. They influence both local and systemic determinants of carcinogenesis. Their effect on carcinogenesis in non-reproductive organs is largely unknown. Recent evidence also suggests differences in tumour biology and molecular markers. Regarding body composition, the difference in metabolically active, fat-free body mass is one of the most prominent: in a man and a woman of equal weight and height, it accounts for 80% of the man's and 65% of the woman's body mass, and is not taken into account in body-surface area based dosing of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Sex differences in cancer biology and treatment deserve more attention and systematic investigation. Interventional clinical trials evaluating sex-specific dosing regimens are necessary to improve the balance between efficacy and toxicity for drugs with significant pharmacokinetic differences. Especially in diseases or disease subgroups with significant differences in epidemiology or outcomes, men and women with non-sex-related cancers should be considered as biologically distinct groups of patients, for whom specific treatment approaches merit consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - S Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne
| | - V Cristina
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Csajka
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University, Lausanne; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Lausanne Branch and Swiss Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G-P Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - M Ducreux
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - J Fellay
- Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne; EPFL School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Department of Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hocquelet
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Klinge
- Dutch Society for Gender and Health
| | - V Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Comprehensive Cancer Organisation the Netherlands, Utrecht; Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Letsch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charity CBF, Berlin; Charity Comprehensive Cancer Center CCCC, Berlin; Palliative Care Unit, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1/Gastrointestinal Oncology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Clinic, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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21
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Ji LW, Jing CX, Zhuang SL, Pan WC, Hu XP. Effect of age at first use of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15719. [PMID: 31490359 PMCID: PMC6738995 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the relationship between the age at first use of oral contraceptives (OC) and breast cancer (BC) risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and related reviews published through June 28, 2018, and used summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the cancer risks, and fixed-effects dose-response meta-analysis to assess potential linear and non-linear dose-response relationships. RESULTS We included 10 studies, with 8585 BC cases among 686,305 participants. The pooled RR for BC was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10-1.41), with moderate heterogeneities (I = 66.5%, P < .001). No significant publication bias was found (P = .584 for Begg test, P = .597 for Egger test). A linear dose-response relationship between the age at first OC use and BC risk was detected (P = .518 for non-linearity). Subgroup analyses were restricted to studies done by BC subtypes, region, sample size, follow-up time and study quality. Inconsistent consequences with no statistical significance were explored when limited to studies from Western countries, study quality <7, sample size <10,000, follow-up time <5 years, and BC subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression status in tumor tissue. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our results were stable and reliable after removing each study in turn and omitting studies of adjusted unreported variables. CONCLUSION A significant linear relationship between the age at first OC use and BC risk was confirmed. No further consistent differences are noted in multiple aspects of BC subtypes defined by progesterone or ER status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | | | - Xing-Po Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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22
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Slepicka PF, Cyrill SL, Dos Santos CO. Pregnancy and Breast Cancer: Pathways to Understand Risk and Prevention. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:866-881. [PMID: 31383623 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have made strong efforts to understand how age and parity modulate the risk of breast cancer. A holistic understanding of the dynamic regulation of the morphological, cellular, and molecular milieu of the mammary gland offers insights into the drivers of breast cancer development as well as into potential prophylactic interventions, the latter being a longstanding ambition of the research and clinical community aspiring to eradicate the disease. In this review we discuss mechanisms that react to pregnancy signals, and we delineate the nuances of pregnancy-associated dynamism that contribute towards either breast cancer development or prevention. Further definition of the molecular basis of parity and breast cancer risk may allow the elaboration of tools to predict and survey those who are at risk of breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila F Slepicka
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Samantha L Cyrill
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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23
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Alečković M, McAllister SS, Polyak K. Metastasis as a systemic disease: molecular insights and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:89-102. [PMID: 31202687 PMCID: PMC6692219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex systemic disease that develops as a result of interactions between tumor cells and their local and distant microenvironments. Local and systemic immune-related changes play especially critical roles in limiting or enabling the development of metastatic disease. Although anti-tumor immune responses likely eliminate most early primary and metastatic lesions, factors secreted by cancer or stromal cells in the primary tumor can mobilize and activate cells in distant organs in a way that promotes the outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells into macrometastatic lesions. Therefore, the prevention, detection, and effective treatment of metastatic disease require a deeper understanding of the systemic effects of primary tumors as well as predisposing hereditary and acquired host factors including chronic inflammatory conditions. The success of immunotherapy in a subset of cancer patients is an example of how modulating the microenvironment and tumor-immune cell interactions can be exploited for the effective eradiation of even advanced-stage tumors. Here, we highlight emerging insights and clinical implications of cancer as a systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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24
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Shamai G, Binenbaum Y, Slossberg R, Duek I, Gil Z, Kimmel R. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to Assess Hormonal Status From Tissue Microarrays in Patients With Breast Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e197700. [PMID: 31348505 PMCID: PMC6661721 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most widely used assay for identification of molecular biomarkers. However, IHC is time consuming and costly, depends on tissue-handling protocols, and relies on pathologists' subjective interpretation. Image analysis by machine learning is gaining ground for various applications in pathology but has not been proposed to replace chemical-based assays for molecular detection. OBJECTIVE To assess the prediction feasibility of molecular expression of biomarkers in cancer tissues, relying only on tissue architecture as seen in digitized hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained specimens. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This single-institution retrospective diagnostic study assessed the breast cancer tissue microarrays library of patients from Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada. The study and analysis were conducted from July 1, 2015, through July 1, 2018. A machine learning method, termed morphological-based molecular profiling (MBMP), was developed. Logistic regression was used to explore correlations between histomorphology and biomarker expression, and a deep convolutional neural network was used to predict the biomarker expression in examined tissues. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve measures of MBMP for assessment of molecular biomarkers. RESULTS The database consisted of 20 600 digitized, publicly available H&E-stained sections of 5356 patients with breast cancer from 2 cohorts. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years for cohort 1 (412 patients) and 62 years for cohort 2 (4944 patients), and the median follow-up was 12.0 years and 12.4 years, respectively. Tissue histomorphology was significantly correlated with the molecular expression of all 19 biomarkers assayed, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and ERBB2 (formerly HER2). Expression of ER was predicted for 105 of 207 validation patients in cohort 1 (50.7%) and 1059 of 2046 validation patients in cohort 2 (51.8%), with PPVs of 97% and 98%, respectively, NPVs of 68% and 76%, respectively, and accuracy of 91% and 92%, respectively, which were noninferior to traditional IHC (PPV, 91%-98%; NPV, 51%-78%; and accuracy, 81%-90%). Diagnostic accuracy improved given more data. Morphological analysis of patients with ER-negative/PR-positive status by IHC revealed resemblance to patients with ER-positive status (Bhattacharyya distance, 0.03) and not those with ER-negative/PR-negative status (Bhattacharyya distance, 0.25). This suggests a false-negative IHC finding and warrants antihormonal therapy for these patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE For at least half of the patients in this study, MBMP appeared to predict biomarker expression with noninferiority to IHC. Results suggest that prediction accuracy is likely to improve as data used for training expand. Morphological-based molecular profiling could be used as a general approach for mass-scale molecular profiling based on digitized H&E-stained images, allowing quick, accurate, and inexpensive methods for simultaneous profiling of multiple biomarkers in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Shamai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Binenbaum
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Slossberg
- Departmemt of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Duek
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Gil
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Kimmel
- Departmemt of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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25
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Choi M, Han J, Yang BR, Jang MJ, Kim M, Kim TY, Im SA, Lee HB, Moon HG, Han W, Noh DY, Lee KH. Prognostic Impact of Pregnancy in Korean Patients with Breast Cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1268-e1276. [PMID: 31266853 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy concurrent with, shortly before, or after breast cancer poses unique challenges because hormonal changes in pregnancy potentially interact with breast cancer outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied a cohort of 3,687 female patients of reproductive age (<50 years) with breast cancer, linking a large institutional database and the nationwide claims database to comprehensively capture exposure status and tumor characteristics. Exposures included breast cancer during pregnancy, postpartum breast cancer (<12 months after delivery), and pregnancy after breast cancer. RESULTS Forty-five patients with postpartum breast cancer were significantly more likely to have advanced stage, hormone receptor-negative tumor and to be younger than 35 years at diagnosis than those without postpartum breast cancer. This trend was not observed with 18 patients with breast cancer during pregnancy. The unadjusted 5-year survival rates were 77% versus 96% for patients with postpartum breast cancer versus their counterparts, 89% versus 96% for patients with breast cancer during pregnancy versus their counterparts, and 98% versus 96% for patients with pregnancy after breast cancer versus their counterparts, respectively. In the multivariable analyses, postpartum breast cancer exhibited hazard ratios for death of 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-2.99), whereas those for breast cancer during pregnancy and pregnancy after breast cancer were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.15-7.91) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.26-2.83), respectively. CONCLUSION Postpartum breast cancer, but not breast cancer during pregnancy, was associated with advanced stage, younger age at diagnosis (<35 years), hormone receptor-negative disease, and poorer survival. Pregnancy after breast cancer did not compromise overall survival. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Although pregnancy around the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is expected to become increasingly common with maternal age at first childbirth on the rise, data on the prognostic impact of pregnancy have been inconsistent and rare from Asian populations. In this investigation of a Korean patient cohort with breast cancer, pregnancy-associated breast cancer was associated with advanced stage, younger age at diagnosis (<35 years), hormone receptor-negative disease, and poorer survival. This adverse impact of pregnancy on the prognosis was apparent with postpartum breast cancer but not observed with breast cancer during pregnancy. Pregnancy after breast cancer did not compromise overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Yang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Jang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Cam A, Oyirifi AB, Liu Y, Haschek WM, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT, Engeseth NJ, Helferich WG. Thermally Abused Frying Oil Potentiates Metastasis to Lung in a Murine Model of Late-Stage Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:201-210. [PMID: 30885926 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep-frying is a popular form of food preparation used globally and throughout in the United States. Each time dietary oils are heated to deep-frying temperatures, they undergo chemical alterations that result in a new matrix of lipid structures. These lipid products include triglyceride dimers, polymers, oxidized triglycerides, and cyclic monomers, which raises nutritional concerns about associations between these lipid products and heightened health risks. Reports of associations between thermally abused frying oil and deleterious health outcomes currently exist, yet there is little information concerning the effects of thermally abused frying oil consumption and the progression of breast cancer. This study used a late-stage breast cancer murine model and in vivo bioluminescent imaging to monitor progression of metastasis of 4T1 tumor cells in animals consuming fresh soybean oil (SBO) and a thermally abused frying oil (TAFO). Bioluminescent and histologic examinations demonstrated that TAFO consumption resulted in a marked increase of metastatic lung tumor formation compared to SBO consumption. Further, in animals consuming the TAFO treatment diet, metastatic tumors in the lung displayed a 1.4-fold increase in the Ki-67 marker of cellular proliferation and RNA-sequencing analysis of the hepatic tissue revealed a dietary-induced modulation of gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cam
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Ashley B Oyirifi
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Wanda M Haschek
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Nicki J Engeseth
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
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27
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Vijay GV, Zhao N, Den Hollander P, Toneff MJ, Joseph R, Pietila M, Taube JH, Sarkar TR, Ramirez-Pena E, Werden SJ, Shariati M, Gao R, Sobieski M, Stephan CC, Sphyris N, Miura N, Davies P, Chang JT, Soundararajan R, Rosen JM, Mani SA. GSK3β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:37. [PMID: 30845991 PMCID: PMC6407242 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which lack receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor 2, are highly aggressive. Consequently, patients diagnosed with TNBCs have reduced overall and disease-free survival rates compared to patients with other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBCs are characterized by the presence of cancer cells with mesenchymal properties, indicating that the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in the progression of this disease. The EMT program has also been implicated in chemoresistance, tumor recurrence, and induction of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for TNBC, and hence, it is critical to identify the novel targets to treat TNBC. METHODS A library of compounds was screened for their ability to inhibit EMT in cells with mesenchymal phenotype as assessed using the previously described Z-cad reporters. Of the several drugs tested, GSK3β inhibitors were identified as EMT inhibitors. The effects of GSK3β inhibitors on the properties of TNBC cells with a mesenchymal phenotype were assessed using qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blot, mammosphere, and migration and cell viability assays. Publicly available datasets also were analyzed to examine if the expression of GSK3β correlates with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. RESULTS We identified a GSK3β inhibitor, BIO, in a drug screen as one of the most potent inhibitors of EMT. BIO and two other GSK3β inhibitors, TWS119 and LiCl, also decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers in several different cell lines with a mesenchymal phenotype. Further, inhibition of GSK3β reduced EMT-related migratory properties of cells with mesenchymal properties. To determine if GSK3β inhibitors target mesenchymal-like cells by affecting the CSC population, we employed mammosphere assays and profiled the stem cell-related cell surface marker CD44+/24- in cells after exposure to GSK3β inhibitors. We found that GSK3β inhibitors indeed decreased the CSC properties of cell types with mesenchymal properties. We treated cells with epithelial and mesenchymal properties with GSK3β inhibitors and found that GSK3β inhibitors selectively kill cells with mesenchymal attributes while sparing cells with epithelial properties. We analyzed patient data to identify genes predictive of poor clinical outcome that could serve as novel therapeutic targets for TNBC. The Wnt signaling pathway is critical to EMT, but among the various factors known to be involved in Wnt signaling, only the higher expression of GSK3β correlated with poorer overall patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that GSK3β is a potential target for TNBCs and suggest that GSK3β inhibitors could serve as selective inhibitors of EMT and CSC properties for the treatment of a subset of aggressive TNBC. GSK3β inhibitors should be tested for use in combination with standard-of-care drugs in preclinical TNBC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Vidhya Vijay
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Petra Den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mike J. Toneff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mika Pietila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapasree R. Sarkar
- Center for Statistical Bioinformatics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Esmeralda Ramirez-Pena
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Steven J. Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maryam Shariati
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ruli Gao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX USA
| | - Clifford C. Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nathalie Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Noayuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peter Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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Wallace TR, Tarullo SE, Crump LS, Lyons TR. Studies of postpartum mammary gland involution reveal novel pro-metastatic mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 30847405 PMCID: PMC6400586 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum involution is the process by which the lactating mammary gland returns to the pre-pregnant state after weaning. Expression of tumor-promotional collagen, upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases, infiltration of M2 macrophages, and remodeling of blood and lymphatic vasculature are all characteristics shared by the involuting mammary gland and breast tumor microenvironment. The tumor promotional nature of the involuting mammary gland is perhaps best evidenced by cases of postpartum breast cancer (PPBC), or those cases diagnosed within 10 years of most recent childbirth. Women with PPBC experience more aggressive disease and higher risk of metastasis than nulliparous patients and those diagnosed outside the postpartum window. Semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and collagen are all expressed in the involuting mammary gland and, together, predict for decreased metastasis free survival in breast cancer. Studies investigating the role of these proteins in involution have been important for understanding their contributions to PPBC. Postpartum involution thus represents a valuable model for the identification of novel molecular drivers of PPBC and classical cancer hallmarks. In this review, we will highlight the similarities between involution and cancer in the mammary gland, and further define the contribution of SEMA7A/COX-2/collagen interplay to postpartum involution and breast tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah E Tarullo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lyndsey S Crump
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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29
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Suleman K, Osmani AH, Al Hashem H, Al Twegieri T, Ajarim D, Jastaniyah N, Al Khayal W, Al Malik O, Al Sayed A. Behavior and Outcomes of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:135-138. [PMID: 30678424 PMCID: PMC6485574 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy Associated Breast cancer (PABC) is associated with poor prognosis and a decreased overall survival. A retrospective review was conducted to review the experience and outcome in a tertiary care hospital, and to compare those seen in a matched group for year of diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected breast cancer registry. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January to Decamber 2014 . Female patients with PABC were identified and matched with similar cohort of non-pregnant breast cancer patients that were diagnosed between 2001-2010. Clinical data including age, tumor biology, clinical stage, follow up and outcomes (disease free survival, DFS) were analyzed and compared between the two groups using SAS 9.3 and R-2.14.1 Results: A total of 110 patients in Group 1 and 114 patients in Group II were analyzed. In both groups, the patient age ranged was between 20 to 45 years; the median follow up was 34 months in PABC and 54 months in non-pregnant cohort. PABC were statistically more likely to be triple negative (p value-0.05) and diagnosed at advanced stage (stage 3 and 4) (p value-0.02). There was no difference in the occurrence of Her-2 positive disease. In pregnant patients there was a 5-year survival rate of 65% compared to non-pregnant cohort of 82% with p value of 0.002 and DFS was also 47.5% versus 65.4% with a p value .002 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is diagnosed at a more advanced stage and tends to be triple negative and they are associated with a worse DFS and overall survival. Early detection during pregnancy may improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Suleman
- Section Medical Oncology, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Sexual dimorphism in hepatitis B and C and hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:203-211. [PMID: 30498927 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of viral hepatitis B or C (HBV/HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma is higher in male compared to female populations, showing a faster disease progression and results in a worse overall survival. Indeed, women are in general better protected from viral infections and show a lower risk of death from malignant cancer in comparison to men. Females mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males, and therefore, most of the autoimmune diseases occur predominantly in females. Next to occupational and/or behavioral factors, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes contribute to this observation. In this review, we will discuss underlying mechanisms that are important for the observed sex-related differences in liver diseases. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes might be of value for better and gender-specific treatment options.
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31
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Marques M, Jangal M, Wang LC, Kazanets A, da Silva SD, Zhao T, Lovato A, Yu H, Jie S, Del Rincon S, Mackey J, Damaraju S, Alaoui-Jamali M, Witcher M. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Oncogene 2018; 38:2177-2191. [PMID: 30459355 PMCID: PMC6484711 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribosylation), known as PARylation, is a post-translational modification catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and primarily removed by the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). While the aberrant removal of post-translation modifications including phosphorylation and methylation has known tumorigenic effects, deregulation of PARylation has not been widely studied. Increased hydrolysis of PARylation chains facilitates cancer growth through enhancing estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, but oncogenic transformation has not been linked to increased PARG expression. In this study, we find that elevated PARG levels are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers, especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that heightened expression of catalytically active PARG facilitates cell transformation and invasion of normal mammary epithelial cells. Catalytically inactive PARG mutants did not recapitulate these phenotypes. Consistent with clinical data showing elevated PARG predicts poor outcomes in HER2+ patients, we observed that PARG acts in synergy with HER2 to promote neoplastic growth of immortalized mammary cells. In contrast, PARG depletion significantly impairs the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast tumors. Mechanistically, we find that PARG interacts with SMAD2/3 and significantly decreases their PARylation in non-transformed cells, leading to enhanced expression of SMAD target genes. Further linking SMAD-mediated transcription to the oncogenicity of PARG, we show that PARG-mediated anchorage-independent growth and invasion are dependent, at least in part, on SMAD expression. Overall, our study underscores the oncogenic impact of aberrant protein PARylation and highlights the therapeutic potential of PARG inhibition in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maika Jangal
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Kazanets
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Lovato
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Yu
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Su Jie
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Hodgkinson K, Forrest LA, Vuong N, Garson K, Djordjevic B, Vanderhyden BC. GREB1 is an estrogen receptor-regulated tumour promoter that is frequently expressed in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5873-5886. [PMID: 29973689 PMCID: PMC6212416 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer, and estrogen promotes tumour initiation and growth in mouse models of this disease. GREB1 (Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1) is an ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1)-upregulated protein which may mediate estrogen action. GREB1 knockdown prevents hormone-driven proliferation of several breast and prostate cancer cell lines and prolongs survival of mice engrafted with ovarian cancer cells, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we explored GREB1 function in ovarian cancer. GREB1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines increased cell proliferation and migration and promoted a mesenchymal morphology associated with increased Col1a2, which encodes a collagen I subunit. GREB1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted an epithelial morphology associated with decreased Col1a2. In human tissues, GREB1 was expressed in all ESR1-expressing tissues throughout the normal female reproductive tract, in addition to several tissues that did not show ESR1 expression. In a TMA of ovarian cancer cases, GREB1 was expressed in 75–85% of serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell carcinomas. Serous, endometrioid, and mucinous ovarian cancers were almost always positive for either ESR1 or GREB1, suggesting a possible reliance on signalling through ESR1 and/or GREB1. Targeting GREB1 may inhibit tumour-promoting pathways both downstream and independent of ESR1 and is therefore a possible treatment strategy worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Hodgkinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Forrest
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nhung Vuong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Djordjevic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Pituitary, Gonadal, Thyroid Hormones and Endocrine Disruptors in Pre and Postmenopausal Nigerian Women with ER-, PR- and HER-2-Positive and Negative Breast Cancers. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020037. [PMID: 29783652 PMCID: PMC6024786 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is broadly sub-divided into hormone responsive and non-hormone responsive subtypes. Estradiol has been associated with hormone responsive breast cancers. There is, however, a paucity of information on the role of sex hormones, gonadotropins, and thyroid hormone in non-hormone responsive breast cancer. This study aimed to determine differences in the serum levels of sex hormones, gonadotropins, thyroid hormones, and endocrine disruptors (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in Nigerian women with hormone responsive and non-hormone responsive breast cancers. Seventy-nine non-pregnant women aged 28–80 years with histologically confirmed breast cancer were recruited, pre-therapy, into this cross-sectional study. They comprised 52 premenopausal women and 27 postmenopausal women recruited from the Surgical Oncology Clinic of the Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Comparison of biochemical parameters were based on the positivity (+) and negativity (−) of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epithelial receptor-2 (HER-2). Estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Serum lead, cadmium and arsenic were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Expression of ER, PR and HER2 were determined using immunohistochemistry. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple regression, with p < 0.05 considered as being statistically significant. Estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in breast cancer participants with ER− and PR− compared with those with ER+ and PR+ breast cancer (p < 0.05). Follicle stimulating hormone and LH levels were significantly higher in participants with ER+ and PR+ breast cancer compared with participants with ER− and PR− breast cancer (p < 0.05). Arsenic was inversely related with TSH in premenopausal participants with ER− and PR− (β = −0.305; β = −0.304, respectively). Sex hormones and gonadotropins appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of triple negative and luminal breast cancer, respectively.
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Polivka J, Altun I, Golubnitschaja O. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: the risky status quo and new concepts of predictive medicine. EPMA J 2018. [PMID: 29515683 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The paper is motivated by severe concerns regarding currently applied care of the pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) characterised by particularly poor outcomes of the disease. Psychological and ethical aspects play a crucial role in PABC: the highest priority not to damage the foetus significantly complicates any treatment generally, and it is quite usual that patients disclaim undergoing any breast cancer treatment during pregnancy. Although, due to global demographic trends, PABC is far from appearing rarely now, severe societal and economic consequences of the disease are still neglected by currently applied reactive medical approach. These actualities require creating new strategies which should be better adapted to the needs of the society at large by advancing the PABC care based on predictive diagnostic approaches specifically in premenopausal women, innovative screening programmes focused on young female populations, targeted prevention in high-risk groups, and optimised treatment concepts. The article summarises the facts and provides recommendations to advance the field-related research and medical services specifically dedicated to the PABC care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Polivka
- 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
- 2Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Irem Altun
- 3CEMBIO, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- 4Radiological Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
- 5Breast Cancer Research Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- 6Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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ElShamy WM. The protective effect of longer duration of breastfeeding against pregnancy-associated triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53941-53950. [PMID: 27248476 PMCID: PMC5288234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parity associated breast cancer (PABC) often diagnosed within the 2-5 years after a full term pregnancy. PABC is usually present with more advanced, poorly differentiated, high-grade cancers that show shorter time to progression and often of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Data from around the world show that pregnancy-associated TNBC is independently associated with poor survival, underscoring the impact of the pregnant breast microenvironment on the biology and consequently the prognosis of these tumors. Although it is not yet clear, a link between pregnancy-associated TNBCs and lack or shorter duration of breastfeeding (not pregnancy per se) has been proposed. Here, we present epidemiological and experimental evidence for the protective effect of longer duration of lactation against pregnancy-associated TNBCs, and propose a putative molecular mechanism for this protective effect and its effect in eliminating any potential TNBC precursors from the breast by the end of the natural breast involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M ElShamy
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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36
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Anderson RL, Ingman WV, Britt KL. Editorial: How Reproductive History Influences Our Breast Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2017; 7:289. [PMID: 29376022 PMCID: PMC5770630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- School of Medicine at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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37
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Johansson AL, Andersson TML, Hsieh CC, Jirström K, Cnattingius S, Fredriksson I, Dickman PW, Lambe M. Tumor characteristics and prognosis in women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1343-1354. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L.V. Johansson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Therese M.-L. Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester MA
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Irma Fredriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery; Karolinska University Hospital Solna; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul W. Dickman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Regional Cancer Centre; Akademiska sjukhuset; Uppsala Sweden
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38
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Ruiz R, Herrero C, Strasser-Weippl K, Touya D, St. Louis J, Bukowski A, Goss PE. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: A review. Breast 2017; 35:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sun H, Zou J, Chen L, Zu X, Wen G, Zhong J. Triple-negative breast cancer and its association with obesity. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:935-942. [PMID: 29285353 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor and does not overexpress human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor protein. TNBC is associated with special characteristics, including aggressiveness, poor prognosis and poor response to treatment, and has been attracting increasing attention worldwide. Obesity is a well-documented factor exerting a significant effect on the development of breast cancer, including TNBC. The purpose of the present review was to focus on the association between obesity and TNBC and provide a summary of novel research findings. The aim was to highlight the association between TNBC and obesity and provide an overview of novel outlooks on clinical issues, biological rationale, novel targeted therapies and prognosis, in order to draw attention to the significance of weight management, primary prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Neurological Medicine, Hunan Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Geriatric Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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40
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Moradi Sarabi M, Ghareghani P, Khademi F, Zal F. Oral Contraceptive Use May Modulate Global Genomic DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of APC1 and ESR1. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2361-2366. [PMID: 28950679 PMCID: PMC5720637 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are challenging reports in the public health sphere regarding associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use and cancer risk. Methods: To evaluate possible effects of OCs on cancer susceptibility, we quantified of global 5-methyl cytosine (5-mC) levels and assessed methylation patterns of CpG islands of two key tumor suppressor genes, APC1 and ESR1, in serum of users by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and methylation specific PCR methods, respectively. Results: Our results indicated that OCs significantly decrease the level of global DNA methylation in users relative to control non-users. However, our data revealed no significant differences between CpG island methylation patterns for ESR1 and APC1 in healthy control and OC-treated women. However, we did find a trend for hypermethylation of both tumor suppressor genes in OC users. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the level of 5-mC but not individual CpG island patterns is significantly influenced by OCs in our cross-section of adult users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Abstract
Between the years 2010 and 2012, the lifetime probability of developing female breast cancer was 12.3%, or approximately 1 in 8. Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Survival is increasing. Between 2005 and 2011, the 5-year relative survival was found to be 89%. This is thought to be due to both the increase in utilization of population-wide screening, as well as advances in treatment. Less than 10% of breast cancers can be attributed to an inherited genetic mutation. Breast cancer is more commonly associated with environmental, reproductive, and lifestyle factors, some of which are potentially modifiable.
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42
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Li L, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Huang Y, Li Z, Chen G, Hua X. Association between oral contraceptive use as a risk factor and triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:76-80. [PMID: 28685080 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a unique subtype of breast cancer, which is resistant to endocrine and targeted therapy, usually relapses early, progresses rapidly and is associated with a poor prognosis. Epidemiological investigations focusing on the association between risk factors and the onset of TNBC demonstrated that the incidence of TNBC exhibits a significant correlation with anthropometric, geographical and demographic parameters. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the strength of the association between the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and TNBC. Two databases (PubMed Central/PubMed, Web of Science) and secondary references were searched to identify studies meeting the priorly established inclusion criteria. Case-control studies published between January, 2005 and March, 2016 were searched using the key words (triple-negative breast cancer OR basal-like) AND (oral contraceptives). Finally, 9 eligible articles using as control other subtypes of invasive breast cancer and 7 articles using a healthy population as control were incorporated in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity between studies. The case-control comparison using other subtypes of breast cancer as the control arm exhibited a significant association between OC use and TNBC (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.18-1.45; Z=5.26, P<0.00001). These results were further confirmed by the case-control comparison using the healthy population as the control arm (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.46; Z=2.04, P=0.04). The present meta-analysis indicated that women who use OCs have a greater risk of TNBC compared with women who do not. This conclusion prompts that women who used OCs should be examined more closely in population screenings of breast cancer, as they may benefit from prevention and early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yahua Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Gaili Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Hua
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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43
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Estrogen reprograms the activity of neutrophils to foster protumoral microenvironment during mammary involution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46485. [PMID: 28429725 PMCID: PMC5399373 DOI: 10.1038/srep46485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated increased risk for breast cancer within 10 years of childbirth. Acute inflammation during mammary involution has been suggested to promote this parity-associated breast cancer. We report here that estrogen exacerbates mammary inflammation during involution. Microarray analysis shows that estrogen induces an extensive proinflammatory gene signature in the involuting mammary tissue. This is associated with estrogen-induced neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, estrogen induces the expression of protumoral cytokines/chemokines, COX-2 and tissue-remodeling enzymes in isolated mammary neutrophils and systemic neutrophil depletion abolished estrogen-induced expression of these genes in mammary tissue. More interestingly, neutrophil depletion diminished estrogen-induced growth of ERα-negative mammary tumor 4T1 in Balb/c mice. These findings highlight a novel aspect of estrogen action that reprograms the activity of neutrophils to create a pro-tumoral microenvironment during mammary involution. This effect on the microenvironment would conceivably aggravate its known neoplastic effect on mammary epithelial cells.
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44
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Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A or Diethylstilbestrol Increases the Susceptibility to Develop Mammary Gland Lesions After Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Middle-Aged Rats. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:78-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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45
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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46
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Towards Best Practice in Establishing Patient-Derived Xenografts. PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HUMAN CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ouyang L, Chang W, Fang B, Qin J, Qu X, Cheng F. Estrogen-induced SDF-1α production promotes the progression of ER-negative breast cancer via the accumulation of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39541. [PMID: 27996037 PMCID: PMC5172230 DOI: 10.1038/srep39541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a role in the processes of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC). Whether estrogen contributes to ER-negative BC is unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate whether estrogen could stimulate the secretion of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1α) by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to promote the progression of ER-negative BC. We transplanted ER-negative BC cells into ovariectomized mice, which was followed by continuous injection of estrogen, and found that estrogen promoted the tumorigenesis of BC. Furthermore, High levels of SDF-1α and tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were detected in the estrogen treatment group. Estrogen stimulates secretion of SDF-1α by CAFs extracted from BC patients. Recombinant SDF-1α could recruit MDSCs isolated from bone marrow cells of mice. In addition, the co-culture of CAFs and MDSCs demonstrated that the recruitment of MDSCs was increased when CAFs were exposed to estrogen. Using AMD3100 to block the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis or gemcitabine to delete MDSCs, we observed that both of these agents could neutralize the effect of estrogen on tumorigenesis. Together, these results suggest that estrogen may promote the progression of ER-negative BC by stimulating CAFs to secrete SDF-1α, which can recruit MDSCs to the tumor microenvironment to exert tumor-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Ouyang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jieting Qin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science And Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fanjun Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Ciucci A, Zannoni GF, Buttarelli M, Lisi L, Travaglia D, Martinelli E, Scambia G, Gallo D. Multiple direct and indirect mechanisms drive estrogen-induced tumor growth in high grade serous ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8155-71. [PMID: 26797759 PMCID: PMC4884983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that menopausal estrogen replacement therapy increases ovarian cancer risk, but only for the two more common types (i.e. serous and endometrioid), while possibly decreasing risk for clear cell tumors, is strongly suggestive of causality. However, whether estradiol (E2) is tumorigenic or promotes development of occult preexisting disease is unknown. The present study investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms by which E2 modulates the growth of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Results showed that ERα expression was necessary and sufficient to induce the growth of HGSOC cells in in vitro models. Conversely, in vivo experimental studies demonstrated that increasing the levels of circulating estrogens resulted in a significant growth acceleration of ERα-negative HGSOC xenografts, as well. Tumors from E2-treated mice had significantly higher proliferation rate, angiogenesis, and density of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) compared to ovariectomized females. Accordingly, immunohistochemical analysis of ERα-negative tissue specimens from HGSOC patients showed a significantly greater TAM infiltration in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women. This study describes novel insights into the impact of E2 on tumor microenvironment, independently of its direct effect on tumor cell growth, thus supporting the idea that multiple direct and indirect mechanisms drive estrogen-induced tumor growth in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ciucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Department of Histopathology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Buttarelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Travaglia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Martinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Dobrolecki LE, Airhart SD, Alferez DG, Aparicio S, Behbod F, Bentires-Alj M, Brisken C, Bult CJ, Cai S, Clarke RB, Dowst H, Ellis MJ, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Iggo RD, Kabos P, Li S, Lindeman GJ, Marangoni E, McCoy A, Meric-Bernstam F, Piwnica-Worms H, Poupon MF, Reis-Filho J, Sartorius CA, Scabia V, Sflomos G, Tu Y, Vaillant F, Visvader JE, Welm A, Wicha MS, Lewis MT. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:547-573. [PMID: 28025748 PMCID: PMC5396460 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of a growing spectrum of cancers are rapidly supplanting long-established traditional cell lines as preferred models for conducting basic and translational preclinical research. In breast cancer, to complement the now curated collection of approximately 45 long-established human breast cancer cell lines, a newly formed consortium of academic laboratories, currently from Europe, Australia, and North America, herein summarizes data on over 500 stably transplantable PDX models representing all three clinical subtypes of breast cancer (ER+, HER2+, and "Triple-negative" (TNBC)). Many of these models are well-characterized with respect to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic features, metastatic behavior, and treatment response to a variety of standard-of-care and experimental therapeutics. These stably transplantable PDX lines are generally available for dissemination to laboratories conducting translational research, and contact information for each collection is provided. This review summarizes current experiences related to PDX generation across participating groups, efforts to develop data standards for annotation and dissemination of patient clinical information that does not compromise patient privacy, efforts to develop complementary data standards for annotation of PDX characteristics and biology, and progress toward "credentialing" of PDX models as surrogates to represent individual patients for use in preclinical and co-clinical translational research. In addition, this review highlights important unresolved questions, as well as current limitations, that have hampered more efficient generation of PDX lines and more rapid adoption of PDX use in translational breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey E. Dobrolecki
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
| | | | - Denis G. Alferez
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M21 4QL, UK,
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Dept. Path & Lab Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 675 W10th Avenue, Vancouver V6R 3A6, Canada,
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, WHE 1005B, Kansas City, KS 66160,
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Lab 306, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland,
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Phone +41 (0)21 693 07 81, Sec: +41 (0)21 693 07 62, Fax +41 (0)21 693 07 40,
| | | | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
| | - Robert B. Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M21 4QL, UK,
| | - Heidi Dowst
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
| | - Matthew J. Ellis
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, PEBC, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, IDIBELL, Av.Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199 – 203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, , Phone: +34 932607347, Fax: +34 932607139
| | - Richard D. Iggo
- INSERM U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux, France,
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, Tel. 314-747-9311,
| | - Geoffrey J. Lindeman
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia,
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26, rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris - FRANCE,
| | - Aaron McCoy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Departments of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics and Breast Surgical Oncology, UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030,
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
| | - Marie-France Poupon
- Founder and Scientific Advisor, Xentech SA, Genepole, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France,
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Director of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Affiliate Member, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Center for Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | - Carol A. Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,
| | - Valentina Scabia
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yizheng Tu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
| | - François Vaillant
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,
| | - Jane E. Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,
| | - Alana Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112,
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Madeline and Sidney Forbes Professor of Oncology, Director, Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, NCRC 26-335S, SPC 2800, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, Phone: (734)763-1744, Fax: (734)764-1228, http://www.med.umich.edu/wicha-lab/index.html,
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, , TEL: 713-798-3296, FAX: 713-798-1659
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Borges VF, Elder AM, Lyons TR. Deciphering Pro-Lymphangiogenic Programs during Mammary Involution and Postpartum Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:227. [PMID: 27853703 PMCID: PMC5090124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum breast cancers are a highly metastatic subset of young women’s breast cancers defined as breast cancers diagnosed in the postpartum period or within 5 years of last child birth. Women diagnosed with postpartum breast cancer are nearly twice as likely to develop metastasis and to die from breast cancer when compared with nulliparous women. Additionally, epidemiological studies utilizing multiple cohorts also suggest that nearly half of all breast cancers in women aged <45 qualify as postpartum cases. Understanding the biology that underlies this increased risk for metastasis and death may lead to identification of targeted interventions that will benefit the large number of young women with breast cancer who fall into this subset. Preclinical mouse models of postpartum breast cancer have revealed that breast tumor cells become more aggressive if they are present during the normal physiologic process of postpartum mammary gland involution in mice. As involution appears to be a period of lymphatic growth and remodeling, and human postpartum breast cancers have high peritumor lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and increased incidence of lymph node metastasis (1, 2), we propose that novel insight into is to be gained through the study of the biological mechanisms driving normal postpartum mammary lymphangiogenesis as well as in the microenvironment of postpartum tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia F Borges
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan M Elder
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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