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Pal A, Gonzalez-Malerva L, Eaton S, Xu C, Zhang Y, Grief D, Sakala L, Nwekwo L, Zeng J, Christensen G, Gupta C, Streitwieser E, Singharoy A, Park JG, LaBaer J. Multidimensional quantitative phenotypic and molecular analysis reveals neomorphic behaviors of p53 missense mutants. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:78. [PMID: 37773066 PMCID: PMC10541912 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in >80% of the triple-negative or basal-like breast cancer. To test whether neomorphic functions of specific TP53 missense mutations contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, we characterized phenotypes of non-transformed MCF10A-derived cell lines expressing the ten most common missense mutant p53 proteins and observed a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell migration, invasion and 3D mammosphere architecture. The p53 mutants R248W, R273C, R248Q, and Y220C are the most aggressive while G245S and Y234C are the least, which correlates with survival rates of basal-like breast cancer patients. Interestingly, a crucial amino acid difference at one position-R273C vs. R273H-has drastic changes on cellular phenotype. RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses show distinct DNA binding properties of different p53 mutants, yielding heterogeneous transcriptomics profiles, and MD simulation provided structural basis of differential DNA binding of different p53 mutants. Integrative statistical and machine-learning-based pathway analysis on gene expression profiles with phenotype vectors across the mutant cell lines identifies quantitative association of multiple pathways including the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway with phenotypic aggressiveness. Further, comparative analyses of large transcriptomics datasets on breast cancer cell lines and tumors suggest that dysregulation of the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway plays a key role in driving the cellular phenotypes towards basal-like in the presence of more aggressive p53 mutants. Overall, our study describes distinct gain-of-function impacts on protein functions, transcriptional profiles, and cellular behaviors of different p53 missense mutants, which contribute to clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of triple-negative breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Pal
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Malerva
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Seron Eaton
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chenxi Xu
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yining Zhang
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dustin Grief
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lydia Sakala
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lilian Nwekwo
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jia Zeng
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Grant Christensen
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chitrak Gupta
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ellen Streitwieser
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jin G Park
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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2
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Stein Y, Aloni-Grinstein R, Rotter V. Mutant p53 oncogenicity: dominant-negative or gain-of-function? Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1635-1647. [PMID: 33159515 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. Aside from losing its tumor-suppressive activities, mutant p53 may acquire pro-oncogenic activity, which is facilitated by two underlying mechanisms. The first mechanism is the inhibition of co-expressed wild-type p53 (WTp53) activity, dubbed the dominant-negative effect (DNE). The second mechanism is a neomorphic pro-oncogenic activity that does not involve the inhibition of WTp53, termed gain-of-function (GOF). Throughout the years, both mechanisms were demonstrated in a plethora of in vitro and in vivo models. However, whether both account for protumorigenic activities of mutant p53 and in which contexts is still a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we discuss evidence for both DNE and GOF in a variety of models. These models suggest that both GOF and DNE can be relevant, but are highly dependent on the specific mutation type, genetic and cellular context and even the phenotype that is being assessed. In addition, we discuss how mutant and WTp53 might not exist as two separate entities, but rather as a continuum that may involve a balance between the two forms in the same cells, which could be tilted by various factors and drugs. Further elucidation of the factors that dictate the balance between the WT and mutant p53 states, as well as the factors that govern the impact of DNE and GOF in different cancer types, may lead to the development of more effective treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Stein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Gencel-Augusto J, Lozano G. p53 tetramerization: at the center of the dominant-negative effect of mutant p53. Genes Dev 2021; 34:1128-1146. [PMID: 32873579 PMCID: PMC7462067 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340976.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Gencel-Augusto and Lozano summarize the data on p53 mutants with a functional tetramerization domain that form mixed tetramers and in some cases have dominant-negative effects (DNE) that inactivate wild-type p53. They conclude that the DNE is mostly observed after DNA damage but fails in other contexts. The p53 tumor suppressor functions as a tetrameric transcription factor to regulate hundreds of genes—many in a tissue-specific manner. Missense mutations in cancers in the p53 DNA-binding and tetramerization domains cement the importance of these domains in tumor suppression. p53 mutants with a functional tetramerization domain form mixed tetramers, which in some cases have dominant-negative effects (DNE) that inactivate wild-type p53. DNA damage appears necessary but not sufficient for DNE, indicating that upstream signals impact DNE. Posttranslational modifications and protein–protein interactions alter p53 tetramerization affecting transcription, stability, and localization. These regulatory components limit the dominant-negative effects of mutant p53 on wild-type p53 activity. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis for DNE may drive development of drugs that release WT p53 and allow tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Gencel-Augusto
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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4
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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5
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Kumar RJ, Chao HX, Simpson DA, Feng W, Cho MG, Roberts VR, Sullivan AR, Shah SJ, Wozny AS, Fagan-Solis K, Kumar S, Luthman A, Ramsden DA, Purvis JE, Gupta GP. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and DNA polymerase theta overcomes radiation resistance induced by p53 deficiency. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa038. [PMID: 33385162 PMCID: PMC7751686 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 deficiency in cancer is associated with poor patient outcomes and resistance to DNA damaging therapies. However, the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in p53-deficient cells remain poorly characterized. Using live cell imaging of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cell cycle state transitions, we show that p53-deficient cells exhibit accelerated repair of radiomimetic-induced DSBs arising in S phase. Low-dose DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibition increases the S-phase DSB burden in p53-deficient cells, resulting in elevated rates of mitotic catastrophe. However, a subset of p53-deficient cells exhibits intrinsic resistance to radiomimetic-induced DSBs despite DNA-PK inhibition. We show that p53-deficient cells under DNA-PK inhibition utilize DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ)-mediated end joining repair to promote their viability in response to therapy-induced DSBs. Pol θ inhibition selectively increases S-phase DSB burden after radiomimetic therapy and promotes prolonged G2 arrest. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and Pol θ restores radiation sensitivity in p53-deficient cells as well as in p53-mutant breast cancer cell lines. Thus, combination targeting of DNA-PK- and Pol θ-dependent end joining repair represents a promising strategy for overcoming resistance to DNA damaging therapies in p53-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hui Xiao Chao
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wanjuan Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria R Roberts
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aurora R Sullivan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sonam J Shah
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katerina Fagan-Solis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam Luthman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Shan L, Yu J, He Z, Chen S, Liu M, Ding H, Xu L, Zhao J, Yang A, Jiang H. Defining relative mutational difficulty to understand cancer formation. Cell Discov 2020; 6:48. [PMID: 32704382 PMCID: PMC7371891 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mutations in human cancer are low-frequency missense mutations, whose functional status remains hard to predict. Here, we show that depending on the type of nucleotide change and the surrounding sequences, the tendency to generate each type of nucleotide mutations varies greatly, even by several hundred folds. Therefore, a cancer-promoting mutation may appear only in a small number of cancer cases, if the underlying nucleotide change is too difficult to generate. We propose a method that integrates both the original mutation counts and their relative mutational difficulty. Using this method, we can accurately predict the functionality of hundreds of low-frequency missense mutations in p53, PTEN, and INK4A. Many loss-of-function p53 mutations with dominant negative effects were identified, and the functional importance of several regions in p53 structure were highlighted by this analysis. Our study not only established relative mutational difficulties for different types of mutations in human cancer, but also showed that by incorporating such a parameter, we can bring new angles to understanding cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhengjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shishuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hongyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ailing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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7
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Ghaleb A, Yallowitz A, Marchenko N. Irradiation induces p53 loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer expressing mutant p53. Commun Biol 2019; 2:436. [PMID: 31799437 PMCID: PMC6881331 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in one allele of the TP53 gene in cancer early stages are frequently followed by the loss of the remaining wild-type allele (LOH) during tumor progression. However, the clinical impact of TP53 mutations and p53LOH, especially in the context of genotoxic modalities, remains unclear. Using MMTV;ErbB2 model carrying a heterozygous R172H p53 mutation, we report a previously unidentified oncogenic activity of mutant p53 (mutp53): the exacerbation of p53LOH after irradiation. We show that wild-type p53 allele is partially transcriptionally competent and enables the maintenance of the genomic integrity under normal conditions in mutp53 heterozygous cells. In heterozygous cells γ-irradiation promotes mutp53 stabilization, which suppresses DNA repair and the cell cycle checkpoint allowing cell cycle progression in the presence of inefficiently repaired DNA, consequently increases genomic instability leading to p53LOH. Hence, in mutp53 heterozygous cells, irradiation facilitates the selective pressure for p53LOH that enhances cancer cell fitness and provides the genetic plasticity for acquiring metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghaleb
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
| | - Alisha Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, LC-902, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Natalia Marchenko
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
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8
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Tam HW, Hall JR, Messenger ZJ, Jima DD, House JS, Linder K, Smart RC. C/EBPβ suppresses keratinocyte autonomous type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1099-1109. [PMID: 30698678 PMCID: PMC10893916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is activated by DNA damage and oncogenic stimuli to regulate senescence, apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, which are essential to prevent cancer. Here, we utilized UVB radiation, a potent inducer of DNA damage, p53, apoptosis and skin cancer to investigate the mechanism of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) in regulating p53-mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes and to test whether the deletion of C/EBPβ in epidermis can protect mice from UVB-induced skin cancer. UVB-treatment of C/EBPβ skin conditional knockout (CKOβ) mice increased p53 protein levels in epidermis and enhanced p53-dependent apoptotic activity 3-fold compared with UVB-treated control mice. UVB increased C/EBPβ levels through a p53-dependent pathway and stimulated the formation of a C/EBPβ-p53 protein complex; knockdown of C/EBPβ increased p53 protein stability in keratinocytes. These results suggest a p53-C/EBPβ feedback loop, whereby C/EBPβ, a transcriptional target of a p53 pathway, functions as a survival factor by negatively regulating p53 apoptotic activity in response to DNA damage. RNAseq analysis of UVB-treated CKOβ epidermis unexpectedly revealed that type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway was the most highly enriched pathway. Numerous pro-apoptotic interferon stimulated genes were upregulated including some known to enhance p53 apoptosis. Our results indicate that p53 and IFN pathways function together in response to DNA damage to result in the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways and caspase 8 cleavage. Last, we observed CKOβ mice were resistant to UVB-induced skin cancer. Our results suggest that C/EBPβ represses apoptosis through keratinocyte autonomous suppression of the type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann W Tam
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hall
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John S House
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith Linder
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Smart
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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9
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Schieffer KM, Varga E, Miller KE, Agarwal V, Koboldt DC, Brennan P, Kelly B, Dave-Wala A, Pierson CR, Finlay JL, AbdelBaki MS, White P, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Mardis ER, Cottrell CE. Expanding the clinical history associated with syndromic Klippel-Feil: A unique case of comorbidity with medulloblastoma. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103701. [PMID: 31195167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is an exceedingly rare constitutional disorder in which a paucity of knowledge exists about the disease and its associated morbidity and mortality. We present a 4-year-old male with KFS, who notably was also diagnosed with large-cell anaplastic medulloblastoma. We evaluated the genetic basis of co-occurring KFS and medulloblastoma and the role of MYO18B as related to medulloblastoma. Constitutional and somatic variant and copy number analyses were performed from DNA-based exome studies, along with RNA-sequencing of tumor tissue, to elucidate the genetic etiology of the co-existing disease states. We identified novel constitutional compound heterozygous frameshift variants (NM_032608.5: p.Leu2257SerfsTer16 and p.Arg2220SerfsTer74) each encoding a premature stop of translation in MYO18B, consistent with a diagnosis of KFS. We did not identify any somatic variants of known relevance or disease-relevant therapeutic targets in the tumor. The somatic copy number profile was suggestive of Group 3γ medulloblastoma. Relative to pediatric brain tumors, medulloblastoma, particularly, Group 3, had increased gene expression of MYO18B. In summary, coexisting constitutional and somatic diagnoses in this patient enabled the elucidation of the genetic etiology of KFS and provided support for the role of MYO18B in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Schieffer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Varga
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine E Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vibhuti Agarwal
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Brennan
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelly
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashita Dave-Wala
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed S AbdelBaki
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter White
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Magrini
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine E Cottrell
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Li Z, Gonzalez CL, Wang B, Zhang Y, Mejia O, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, Myers JN, El-Naggar AK, Caulin C. Cdkn2asuppresses metastasis in squamous cell carcinomas induced by the gain-of-function mutantp53R172H. J Pathol 2016; 240:224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Cassandra L Gonzalez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Olga Mejia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
- Department of Genetics; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
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Wang S, Liu JC, Kim D, Datti A, Zacksenhaus E. Targeted Pten deletion plus p53-R270H mutation in mouse mammary epithelium induces aggressive claudin-low and basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:9. [PMID: 26781438 PMCID: PMC4717616 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive disease comprising several subtypes including basal-like and claudin-low, involves frequent deletions or point mutations in TP53, as well as loss of PTEN. We previously showed that combined deletion of both tumor suppressors in the mouse mammary epithelium invariably induced claudin-low-like TNBC. The effect of p53 mutation plus Pten deletion on mammary tumorigenesis and whether this combination can induce basal-like TNBC in the mouse are unknown. METHODS WAP-Cre:Pten(f/f):p53(lox.stop.lox_R270H) composite mice were generated in which Pten is deleted and a p53-R270H mutation in the DNA-binding domain is induced upon expression of Cre-recombinase in pregnancy-identified alveolar progenitors. Tumors were characterized by histology, marker analysis, transcriptional profiling [GEO-GSE75989], bioinformatics, high-throughput (HTP) FDA drug screen as well as orthotopic injection to quantify tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and tail vein injection to identify lung metastasis. RESULTS Combined Pten deletion plus induction of p53-R270H mutation accelerated formation of four distinct mammary tumors including poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) and spindle/mesenchymal-like lesions. Transplantation assays revealed highest frequency of TICs in PDA and spindle tumors compared with other subtypes. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that the PDA and spindle tumors grouped closely with human as well as mouse models of basal and claudin-low subtypes, respectively. HTP screens of primary Pten(∆):p53(∆) vs. Pten(∆):p53(R270H) spindle tumor cells with 1120 FDA-approved drugs identified 8-azaguanine as most potent for both tumor types, but found no allele-specific inhibitor. A gene set enrichment analysis revealed increased expression of a metastasis pathway in Pten(∆):p53(R270H) vs. Pten(∆):p53(∆) spindle tumors. Accordingly, following tail vein injection, both Pten(∆):p53(R270H) spindle and PDA tumor cells induced lung metastases and morbidity significantly faster than Pten(∆):p53(∆) double-deletion cells, and this was associated with the ability of Pten(∆):p53(R270H) tumor cells to upregulate E-cadherin expression in lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that WAP-Cre:Pten(f/f):p53(lox.stop.lox_R270H) mice represent a tractable model to study basal-like breast cancer because unlike p53 deletion, p53(R270H) mutation in the mouse does not skew tumors toward the claudin-low subtype. The WAP-Cre:Pten(f/f):p53(lox.stop.lox_R270H) mice develop basal-like breast cancer that is enriched in TICs, can readily form lung metastasis, and provides a preclinical model to study both basal-like and claudin-low TNBC in immune-competent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wang
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada. .,Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jeff C Liu
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Danbi Kim
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Alessandro Datti
- SMART Laboratory for High-Throughput Screening Programs, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada. .,Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Ahronian LG, Driscoll DR, Klimstra DS, Lewis BC. The p53R172H mutant does not enhance hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123816. [PMID: 25885474 PMCID: PMC4401698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly deadly malignancy, accounting for approximately 800,000 deaths worldwide every year. Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a common genetic change in HCC, present in 30% of cases. p53R175H (corresponding to p53R172H in mice) is a hotspot for mutation that demonstrates “prometastatic” gain-of-function in other cancer models. Since the frequency of p53 mutation increases with tumor grade in HCC, we hypothesized that p53R172H is a gain-of-function mutation in HCC that contributes to a decrease in tumor-free survival and an increase in metastasis. In an HCC mouse model, we found that p53R172H/flox mice do not have decreased survival, increased tumor incidence, or increased metastasis, relative to p53flox/flox littermates. Analysis of cell lines derived from both genotypes indicated that there are no differences in anchorage-independent growth and cell migration. However, shRNA-mediated knockdown of mutant p53 in p53R172H-expressing HCC cell lines resulted in decreased cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Thus, although p53 mutant-expressing cells and tumors do not have enhanced properties relative to their p53 null counterparts, p53R172H-expressing HCC cells depend on this mutant for their transformation. p53 mutants have been previously shown to bind and inhibit the p53 family proteins p63 and p73. Interestingly, we find that the levels of p63 and p73 target genes are similar in p53 mutant and p53 null HCC cells. These data suggest that pathways regulated by these p53 family members are similarly impacted by p53R172H in mutant expressing cells, and by alternate mechanisms in p53 null cells, resulting in equivalent phenotypes. Consistent with this, we find that p53 null HCC cell lines display lower levels of the TA isoforms of p63 and p73 and higher levels of ΔNp63. Taken together these data point to the importance of p63 and p73 in constraining HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne G. Ahronian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David R. Driscoll
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David S. Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Long noncoding RNA lincRNA-p21 is the major mediator of UVB-induced and p53-dependent apoptosis in keratinocytes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1700. [PMID: 25789975 PMCID: PMC4385943 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LincRNA-p21 is a long noncoding RNA and a transcriptional target of p53 and HIF-1α. LincRNA-p21 regulates gene expression in cis and trans, mRNA translation, protein stability, the Warburg effect, and p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in doxorubicin-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts. p53 plays a key role in the response of skin keratinocytes to UVB-induced DNA damage by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In skin cancer development, UVB-induced mutation of p53 allows keratinocytes upon successive UVB exposures to evade apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We hypothesized that lincRNA-p21 has a key functional role in UVB-induced apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest in keratinocytes and loss of lincRNA-p21 function results in the evasion of apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest. We observed that lincRNA-p21 transcripts are highly inducible by UVB in mouse and human keratinocytes in culture and in mouse skin in vivo. LincRNA-p21 is regulated at the transcriptional level in response to UVB, and the UVB induction of lincRNA-p21 in keratinocytes and in vivo in mouse epidermis is primarily through a p53-dependent pathway. Knockdown of lincRNA-p21 blocked UVB-induced apoptosis in mouse and human keratinocytes, and lincRNA-p21 was responsible for the majority of UVB-induced and p53-mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes. Knockdown of lincRNA-p21 had no effect on cell proliferation in untreated or UVB-treated keratinocytes. An early event in skin cancer is the mutation of a single p53 allele. We observed that a mutant p53+/R172H allele expressed in mouse epidermis (K5Cre+/tg;LSLp53+/R172H) showed a significant dominant-negative inhibitory effect on UVB-induced lincRNA-p21 transcription and apoptosis in epidermis. We conclude lincRNA-p21 is highly inducible by UVB and has a key role in triggering UVB-induced apoptotic death. We propose that the mutation of a single p53 allele provides a pro-oncogenic function early in skin cancer development through a dominant inhibitory effect on UVB-induced lincRNA-p21 expression and the subsequent evasion of UVB-induced apoptosis.
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ter Braak B, Siezen C, Speksnijder EN, Koedoot E, van Steeg H, Salvatori DCF, van de Water B, van der Laan JW. Mammary gland tumor promotion by chronic administration of IGF1 and the insulin analogue AspB10 in the p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:14. [PMID: 25848982 PMCID: PMC4349771 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin analogues are structurally modified molecules with altered pharmaco-kinetic and -dynamic properties compared to regular human insulin used by diabetic patients. While these compounds are tested for undesired mitogenic effects, an epidemiological discussion is ongoing regarding an association between insulin analogue therapy and increased cancer incidence, including breast cancer. Standard in vivo rodent carcinogenesis assays do not pick up this possible increased carcinogenic potential. METHODS Here we studied the role of insulin analogues in breast cancer development. For this we used the human relevant mammary gland specific p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model. Animals received life long repeated treatment with four different insulin (-like) molecules: normal insulin, insulin glargine, insulin X10 (AspB10) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). RESULTS Insulin-like molecules with strong mitogenic signaling, insulin X10 and IGF1, significantly decreased the time for tumor development. Yet, insulin glargine and normal insulin, did not significantly decrease the latency time for (mammary gland) tumor development. The majority of tumors had an epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype (EMT), irrespective of treatment condition. Enhanced extracellular signaling related kinase (Erk) or serine/threonine kinase (Akt) mitogenic signaling was in particular present in tumors from the insulin X10 and IGF1 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that insulin-like molecules with enhanced mitogenic signaling increase the risk of breast cancer development. Moreover, the use of a tissue specific cancer model, like the p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model, is relevant to assess the intrinsic pro-carcinogenic potential of mitogenic and non-mitogenic biologicals such as insulin analogues.
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Mammary gland-specific ablation of focal adhesion kinase reduces the incidence of p53-mediated mammary tumour formation. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2747-55. [PMID: 24809783 PMCID: PMC4037829 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) occurs in numerous human cancers including colon-, cervix- and breast cancer. Although several studies have implicated FAK in mammary tumour formation induced by ectopic oncogene expression, evidence supporting a role for FAK in spontaneous mammary tumour development caused by loss of tumour suppressor genes such as p53 is lacking. Alterations in the tumour suppressor gene p53 have been implicated in over 50% of human breast cancers. Given that elevated FAK expression highly correlates with p53 mutation status in human breast cancer, we set out to investigate the importance of FAK in p53-mediated spontaneous mammary tumour development. Methods: To directly assess the role of FAK, we generated mice with conditional inactivation of FAK and p53. We generated female p53lox/lox/FAK+/+/WapCre, p53lox/lox/FAKflox/+/WapCre and p53lox/lox/FAKflox/−/WapCre mice, and mice with WapCre-mediated conditional expression of p53R270H, the mouse equivalent of human p53R273H hot spot mutation, together with conditional deletion of FAK, P53R270H/+/FAKlox/+/WapCre and p53R270H/+/FAKflox/−/WapCre mice. All mice were subjected to one pregnancy to induce WapCre-mediated deletion of p53 or expression of p53 R270H, and Fak genes flanked by two loxP sites, and subsequently followed the development of mammary tumours. Results: Using this approach, we show that FAK is important for p53-induced mammary tumour development. In addition, mice with the mammary gland-specific conditional expression of p53 point mutation R270H, the mouse equivalent to human R273H, in combination with conditional deletion of Fak showed reduced incidence of p53R270H-induced mammary tumours. In both models these effects of FAK were related to reduced proliferation in preneoplastic lesions in the mammary gland ductal structures. Conclusions: Mammary gland-specific ablation of FAK hampers p53-regulated spontaneous mammary tumour formation. Focal adhesion kinase deletion reduced proliferative capacity of p53 null and p53R270H mammary epithelial cells but did not lead to increased apoptosis in vivo. Our data identify FAK as an important regulator in mammary epithelial cell proliferation in p53-mediated and p53R270H-induced mammary tumour development.
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Bae YH, Ryu JH, Park HJ, Kim KR, Wee HJ, Lee OH, Jang HO, Bae MK, Kim KW, Bae SK. Mutant p53-Notch1 Signaling Axis Is Involved in Curcumin-Induced Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:291-7. [PMID: 23946688 PMCID: PMC3741485 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Notch1 has been reported to be highly expressed in triple-negative and other subtypes of breast cancer. Mutant p53 (R280K) is overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative human breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to determine whether the mutant p53 can be a potent transcriptional activator of the Notch1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, and explore the role of this mutant p53-Notch1 axis in curcumin-induced apoptosis. We found that curcumin treatment resulted in an induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, together with downregulation of Notch1 and its downstream target, Hes1. This reduction in Notch1 expression was determined to be due to the decreased activity of endogenous mutant p53. We confirmed the suppressive effect of curcumin on Notch1 transcription by performing a Notch1 promoter-driven reporter assay and identified a putative p53-binding site in the Notch1 promoter by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Overexpression of mutant p53 increased Notch1 promoter activity, whereas knockdown of mutant p53 by small interfering RNA suppressed Notch1 expression, leading to the induction of cellular apoptosis. Moreover, curcumin-induced apoptosis was further enhanced by the knockdown of Notch1 or mutant p53, but it was decreased by the overexpression of active Notch1. Taken together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Notch1 is a transcriptional target of mutant p53 in breast cancer cells and suggest that the targeting of mutant p53 and/or Notch1 may be combined with a chemotherapeutic strategy to improve the response of breast cancer cells to curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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Pang Y, Xu Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Jiang R, Shen L, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu Q. The inhibition of HIF-2α on the ATM/Chk-2 pathway is involved in the promotion effect of arsenite on benzo(a)pyrene-induced cell transformation. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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El-Domyati M, El-Ammawi TS, Medhat W, Moawad O, Mahoney MG, Uitto J. Expression of p53 protein after nonablative rejuvenation: the other side of the coin. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:934-43. [PMID: 23458347 DOI: 10.1111/dsu.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of p53 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced skin cancer as well as photoaging. OBJECTIVES To objectively evaluate the potential effect of nonablative facial rejuvenation on p53 expression. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III to IV were divided into five groups. Each group underwent a different nonablative modality: radiofrequency (RF), intense pulsed light (IPL), electro-optical synergy (ELOS) (combined RF and IPL), 1,320-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, and 2,940-nm erbium-doped (Er):YAG laser minipeel. Skin biopsies were obtained before treatment, by the end of treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Biopsies were also taken from 30 controls. Quantitative evaluation of p53 was performed using computer image analysis for immunostained tissues. RESULTS P53 expression was statistically significantly greater at the end of IPL (p = .02) and ELOS (p = .02) treatments than before treatment but was statistically insignificantly lower (p > .05) 3 months after treatment than at the end of treatment. No significant differences (p > .05) were observed in p53 level after RF, 1,320-nm Nd:YAG, and 2,940-nm Er:YAG mini-peel treatments from baseline. CONCLUSIONS The increase in epidermal p53 expression after IPL treatment could increase the risk of skin neoplasia by intense pulsed light-induced DNA damage which may lead to dysregulation of apoptosis and initiation of skin cancer.
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Lee MK, Teoh WW, Phang BH, Tong WM, Wang ZQ, Sabapathy K. Cell-type, dose, and mutation-type specificity dictate mutant p53 functions in vivo. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:751-64. [PMID: 23238012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The specific roles of mutant p53's dominant-negative (DN) or gain-of-function (GOF) properties in regulating acute response and long-term tumorigenesis is unclear. Using "knockin" mouse strains expressing varying R246S mutant levels, we show that the DN effect on transactivation is universally observed after acute p53 activation, whereas the effect on cellular outcome is cell-type specific. Reducing mutant p53 levels abrogated the DN effect. Mutant p53's DN effect protected against radiation-induced death but did not accentuate tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the R246S mutant did not promote tumorigenesis compared to p53(-/-) mice in various models, even when MDM2 is absent, unlike the R172H mutant. Together, these data demonstrate that mutant p53's DN property only affects acute responses, whereas GOF is not universal, being mutation-type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kei Lee
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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Roshan A, Jones PH. Chronic low dose UV exposure and p53 mutation: tilting the odds in early epidermal preneoplasia? Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:682-7. [PMID: 22671441 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.699697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review addresses how mutation of the TP53 gene (p53) and ultraviolet light alter the behavior of normal progenitor cells in early epidermal preneoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Cancer is thought to evolve from single mutant cells, which expand into clones and ultimately into tumors. While the mutations in malignant lesions have been studied intensively, less is known about the earliest stages of preneoplasia, and how environmental factors may contribute to drive expansion of mutant cell clones. Here we review the evidence that ultraviolet radiation not only creates new mutations but drives the exponential growth of the numerous p53 mutant clones found in chronically exposed epidermis. Published data is reconciled with a new paradigm of epidermal homeostasis which gives insights into the behavior of mutant cells. We also consider the reasons why so few mutant cells progress into tumors and discuss the implications of these findings for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roshan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Walerych D, Napoli M, Collavin L, Del Sal G. The rebel angel: mutant p53 as the driving oncogene in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2007-17. [PMID: 22822097 PMCID: PMC3483014 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive tumor diagnosed in women, causing over 400 000 deaths yearly worldwide. Like other tumors, it is a disease with a complex, heterogeneous genetic and biochemical background. No single genomic or metabolic condition can be regarded as decisive for its formation and progression. However, a few key players can be pointed out and among them is the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, commonly mutated in breast cancer. In particular, TP53 mutations are exceptionally frequent and apparently among the key driving factors in triple negative breast cancer -the most aggressive breast cancer subgroup-whose management still represents a clinical challenge. The majority of TP53 mutations result in the substitution of single aminoacids in the central region of the p53 protein, generating a spectrum of variants ('mutant p53s', for short). These mutants lose the normal p53 oncosuppressive functions to various extents but can also acquire oncogenic properties by gain-of-function mechanisms. This review discusses the molecular processes translating gene mutations to the pathologic consequences of mutant p53 tumorigenic activity, reconciling cell and animal models with clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Existing and speculative therapeutic methods targeting mutant p53 are also discussed, taking into account the overlap of mutant and wild-type p53 regulatory mechanisms and the crosstalk between mutant p53 and other oncogenic pathways in breast cancer. The studies described here concern breast cancer models and patients-unless it is indicated otherwise and justified by the importance of data obtained in other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Rebel H, Bodmann C, van de Glind G, de Gruijl F. UV-induced ablation of the epidermal basal layer including p53-mutant clones resets UV carcinogenesis showing squamous cell carcinomas to originate from interfollicular epidermis. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:714-20. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Monti P, Perfumo C, Bisio A, Ciribilli Y, Menichini P, Russo D, Umbach DM, Resnick MA, Inga A, Fronza G. Dominant-negative features of mutant TP53 in germline carriers have limited impact on cancer outcomes. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:271-9. [PMID: 21343334 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germline TP53 mutations result in cancer proneness syndromes known as Li-Fraumeni, Li-Fraumeni-like, and nonsyndromic predisposition with or without family history. To explore genotype/phenotype associations, we previously adopted a functional classification of all germline TP53 mutant alleles based on transactivation. Severe deficiency (SD) alleles were associated with more severe cancer proneness syndromes, and a larger number of tumors, compared with partial deficiency (PD) alleles. Because mutant p53 can exert dominant-negative (DN) effects, we addressed the relationship between DN and clinical manifestations. We reasoned that DN effects might be stronger in familial cancer cases associated with germline TP53 mutations, where mutant alleles coexist with the wild-type allele since conception. We examined 104 p53 mutant alleles with single amino acid substitutions described in the IARC germline database for (i) transactivation capability and (ii) capacity to reduce the activity of the wild-type allele (i.e., DN effect) using a quantitative yeast-based assay. The functional classifications of p53 alleles were then related to clinical variables. We confirmed that a classification based on transactivation alone can identify familial cancer cases with more severe clinical features. Classification based on DN effects allowed us to highlight similar associations but did not reveal distinct clinical subclasses of SD alleles, except for a correlation with tumor tissue prevalence. We conclude that in carriers of germline TP53 mutations transactivation-based classification of TP53 alleles appears more important for genotype/phenotype correlations than DN effects and that haplo-insufficiency of the TP53 gene is an important factor in cancer proneness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- Molecular Mutagenesis and DNA Repair Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Research Institute (IST), Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, Genova 16132, Italy
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García-Escudero R, Martínez-Cruz AB, Santos M, Lorz C, Segrelles C, Garaulet G, Saiz-Ladera C, Costa C, Buitrago-Pérez A, Dueñas M, Paramio JM. Gene expression profiling of mouse p53-deficient epidermal carcinoma defines molecular determinants of human cancer malignancy. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:193. [PMID: 20630075 PMCID: PMC2913987 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal specific ablation of Trp53 gene leads to the spontaneous development of aggressive tumors in mice through a process that is accelerated by the simultaneous ablation of Rb gene. Since alterations of p53-dependent pathway are common hallmarks of aggressive, poor prognostic human cancers, these mouse models can recapitulate the molecular features of some of these human malignancies. Results To evaluate this possibility, gene expression microarray analysis was performed in mouse samples. The mouse tumors display increased expression of cell cycle and chromosomal instability associated genes. Remarkably, they are also enriched in human embryonic stem cell gene signatures, a characteristic feature of human aggressive tumors. Using cross-species comparison and meta-analytical approaches, we also observed that spontaneous mouse tumors display robust similarities with gene expression profiles of human tumors bearing mutated TP53, or displaying poor prognostic outcome, from multiple body tissues. We have obtained a 20-gene signature whose genes are overexpressed in mouse tumors and can identify human tumors with poor outcome from breast cancer, astrocytoma and multiple myeloma. This signature was consistently overexpressed in additional mouse tumors using microarray analysis. Two of the genes of this signature, AURKA and UBE2C, were validated in human breast and cervical cancer as potential biomarkers of malignancy. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that these mouse models are promising preclinical tools aimed to search for malignancy biomarkers and to test targeted therapies of prospective use in human aggressive tumors and/or with p53 mutation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Ave, Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhu F, Dollé MET, Berton TR, Kuiper RV, Capps C, Espejo A, McArthur MJ, Bedford MT, van Steeg H, de Vries A, Johnson DG. Mouse models for the p53 R72P polymorphism mimic human phenotypes. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5851-9. [PMID: 20587514 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene contains a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that results in either an arginine or proline at position 72 of the p53 protein. This polymorphism affects the apoptotic activity of p53 but the mechanistic basis and physiologic relevance of this phenotypic difference remain unclear. Here, we describe the development of mouse models for the p53 R72P SNP using two different approaches. In both sets of models, the human or humanized p53 proteins are functional as evidenced by the transcriptional induction of p53 target genes in response to DNA damage and the suppression of early lymphomagenesis. Consistent with in vitro studies, mice expressing the 72R variant protein (p53R) have a greater apoptotic response to several stimuli compared with mice expressing the p53P variant. Molecular studies suggest that both transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms may contribute to the differential abilities of the p53 variants to induce apoptosis. Despite a difference in the acute response to UV radiation, no difference in the tumorigenic response to chronic UV exposure was observed between the polymorphic mouse models. These findings suggest that under at least some conditions, the modulation of apoptosis by the R72P polymorphism does not affect the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Rodenburg W, Pennings JLA, van Oostrom CTM, Roodbergen M, Kuiper RV, Luijten M, de Vries A. Identification of breast cancer biomarkers in transgenic mouse models: A proteomics approach. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 4:603-12. [PMID: 21137078 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transgenic mouse models for cancer circumvent many challenges that hamper human studies aimed at biomarker discovery. Lower biological variances among mice combined with controllable factors such as food uptake and health status may enable the detection of more subtle protein expression differences. This is envisioned to result in the identification of biomarkers better discriminating cancer cases from controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The current study used two innovative mouse models for breast-cancer to identify new serum biomarkers. Multi-analyte profiling technique was used to analyze 70 proteins in individual serum samples of non-tumor and mammary tumor-bearing Tg.NK (MMTV/c-neu) mice. RESULTS A small set of proteins fully differentiated tumor samples from controls. These comprised osteopontin, interleukin-18, cystatin C and CD40 antigen. Comparison of protein expression in another breast-cancer mouse model, the humanized p53.R270H mice, showed common discriminatory expression of osteopontin. However, other biomarkers showed distinct expression in the two different breast-cancer models, indicating that different mammary tumor sub-types with respect to molecular and estrogen receptor status reveal divergent serum biomarker sets. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current study supports the concept that serum proteins can discriminate mammary tumor cases from controls, and yielded interesting biomarkers that need further testing and validation in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Rodenburg
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Gupta V, Kalaiarasan P, Faheem M, Singh N, Iqbal MA, Bamezai RNK. Dominant negative mutations affect oligomerization of human pyruvate kinase M2 isozyme and promote cellular growth and polyploidy. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16864-73. [PMID: 20304929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.065029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to understand the mechanism and functional implication of the two heterozygous mutations (H391Y and K422R) of human pyruvate kinase M2 isozyme (PKM(2)) observed earlier in a Bloom syndrome background. The co-expression of homotetrameric wild type and mutant PKM(2) in the cellular milieu resulting in the interaction between the two at the monomer level was substantiated further by in vitro experiments. The cross-monomer interaction significantly altered the oligomeric state of PKM(2) by favoring dimerization and heterotetramerization. In silico study provided an added support in showing that hetero-oligomerization was energetically favorable. The hetero-oligomeric populations of PKM(2) showed altered activity and affinity, and their expression resulted in an increased growth rate of Escherichia coli as well as mammalian cells, along with an increased rate of polyploidy. These features are known to be essential to tumor progression. This study provides insight in understanding the modulated role of large oligomeric multifunctional proteins such as PKM(2) by affecting cellular behavior, which is an essential observation to understand tumor sustenance and progression and to design therapeutic intervention in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhor Gupta
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Carr-Wilkinson J, O' Toole K, Wood KM, Challen CC, Baker AG, Board JR, Evans L, Cole M, Cheung NKV, Boos J, Köhler G, Leuschner I, Pearson AD, Lunec J, Tweddle DA. High Frequency of p53/MDM2/p14ARF Pathway Abnormalities in Relapsed Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1108-18. [PMID: 20145180 PMCID: PMC2842933 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most neuroblastomas initially respond to therapy but many relapse with chemoresistant disease. p53 mutations are rare in diagnostic neuroblastomas, but we have previously reported inactivation of the p53/MDM2/p14(ARF) pathway in 9 of 17 (53%) neuroblastoma cell lines established at relapse. HYPOTHESIS Inactivation of the p53/MDM2/p14(ARF) pathway develops during treatment and contributes to neuroblastoma relapse. METHODS Eighty-four neuroblastomas were studied from 41 patients with relapsed neuroblastoma including 38 paired neuroblastomas at different stages of therapy. p53 mutations were detected by automated sequencing, p14(ARF) methylation and deletion by methylation-specific PCR and duplex PCR, respectively, and MDM2 amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS Abnormalities in the p53 pathway were identified in 20 of 41 (49%) cases. Downstream defects due to inactivating missense p53 mutations were identified in 6 of 41 (15%) cases, 5 following chemotherapy and/or at relapse and 1 at diagnosis, postchemotherapy, and relapse. The presence of a p53 mutation was independently prognostic for overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-9.9; P = 0.02). Upstream defects were present in 35% of cases: MDM2 amplification in 3 cases, all at diagnosis and relapse and p14(ARF) inactivation in 12 of 41 (29%) cases: 3 had p14(ARF) methylation, 2 after chemotherapy, and 9 had homozygous deletions, 8 at diagnosis and relapse. CONCLUSIONS These results show that a high proportion of neuroblastomas which relapse have an abnormality in the p53 pathway. The majority have upstream defects suggesting that agents which reactivate wild-type p53 would be beneficial, in contrast to those with downstream defects in which p53-independent therapies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieran O' Toole
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | - Katrina M. Wood
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle
| | | | | | | | - Laura Evans
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | - Michael Cole
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | | | | | | | - Ivo Leuschner
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
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Waldman YY, Tuller T, Sharan R, Ruppin E. TP53 cancerous mutations exhibit selection for translation efficiency. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8807-13. [PMID: 19887606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is known to be a key regulator in cancer, and more than half of human cancers exhibit mutations in this gene. Recent evidence shows that point mutations in TP53 not only disrupt its function but also possess gain-of-function and dominant-negative effects on wild-type copies, thus making the mutated gene an oncogene. Hence, this brings about the possibility that TP53 mutations may be under selection for increasing the overall translation efficiency (TE) of defected TP53 in cancerous cells. Here, we perform the first large-scale analysis of TE in human cancer mutated TP53 variants, identifying a significant increase in TE that is correlated with the frequency of TP53 mutations. Furthermore, mutations with a known oncogenic effect significantly increase their TE compared with the other TP53 mutations. Further analysis shows that TE may have influence both on selecting the location of the mutation and on its outcome: codons with lower TE show stronger selection toward nonsynonymous mutations and, for each codon, frequent mutations show stronger increase in TE compared with less frequent mutations. Additionally, we find that TP53 mutations have significantly higher TE increase in progressive versus primary tumors. Finally, an analysis of TP53 NCI-60 cell lines points to a coadaptation between the mutations and the tRNA pool, increasing the overall TP53 TE. Taken together, these results show that TE plays an important role in the selection of TP53 cancerous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedael Y Waldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Duan W, Gao L, Wu X, Hade EM, Gao JX, Ding H, Barsky SH, Otterson GA, Villalona-Calero MA. Expression of a mutant p53 results in an age-related demographic shift in spontaneous lung tumor formation in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5563. [PMID: 19440353 PMCID: PMC2680060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the P53 gene are among the most common genetic abnormalities in human lung cancer. Codon 273 in the sequence-specific DNA binding domain is one of the most frequently mutated sites. Methodology To investigate the role of mutant p53 in lung tumorigenesis, a lung specific p53(273H) transgenic mouse model was developed. Rates of lung cancer formation in the transgenic animals and their littermates were evaluated by necropsy studies performed in progressive age cohorts ranging from 4 to 24 months. In order to establish the influence of other common genetic abnormalities in lung tumor formation in the animals, K-Ras gene mutation and p16INK4a (p16) promoter methylation were evaluated in a total of 281 transgenic mice and 189 non-transgenic littermates. Principal Findings At the age extremes of 4–12 and 22–24 months no differences were observed, with very low prevalence of tumors in animals younger than 12 months, and a relatively high prevalence at age 22 months or older. However, the transgenic mice had a significant higher lung tumor rate than their non-transgenic counterparts during the age of 13–21 months, suggesting an age-related shift in lung tumor formation induced by the lung-specific expression of the human mutant p53. Histopathology suggested a more aggressive nature for the transgenic tumors. Older mice (>13 months) had a significantly higher rate of p16 promoter methylation (17% v 82%). In addition, an age related effect was observed for K-Ras codons 12 or 13 mutations, but not for codon 61 mutations. Conclusions/Significance These results would suggest that the mutant p53(273H) contributes to an acceleration in the development of spontaneous lung tumors in these mice. Combination with other genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring after the age of 13 months is intimately linked to its oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Duan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Bertout JA, Patel SA, Fryer BH, Durham AC, Covello KL, Olive KP, Goldschmidt MH, Simon MC. Heterozygosity for hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha decreases the incidence of thymic lymphomas in a p53 mutant mouse model. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3213-20. [PMID: 19293180 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are critical mediators of the cellular response to decreased oxygen tension and are overexpressed in a number of tumors. Although HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha share a high degree of sequence homology, recent work has shown that the two alpha subunits can have contrasting and tissue-specific effects on tumor growth. To directly compare the role of each HIFalpha subunit in spontaneous tumorigenesis, we bred a mouse model of expanded HIF2alpha expression and Hif1alpha(+/-) mice to homozygotes for the R270H mutation in p53. Here, we report that p53(R270H/R270H) mice, which have not been previously described, develop a unique tumor spectrum relative to p53(R270H/-) mice, including a high incidence of thymic lymphomas. Heterozygosity for Hif1alpha significantly reduced the incidence of thymic lymphomas observed in this model. Moreover, reduced Hif1alpha levels correlated with decreased stabilization of activated Notch1 and expression of the Notch target genes, Dtx1 and Nrarp. These observations uncover a novel role for HIF1alpha in Notch pathway activation during T-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Bertout
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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de Gruijl FR, Rebel H. Early Events in UV Carcinogenesis—DNA Damage, Target Cells and Mutant p53 Foci. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:382-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Martínez-Cruz AB, Santos M, Lara MF, Segrelles C, Ruiz S, Moral M, Lorz C, García-Escudero R, Paramio JM. Spontaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by the Somatic Inactivation of Retinoblastoma and Trp53 Tumor Suppressors. Cancer Res 2008; 68:683-92. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heinlein C, Krepulat F, Löhler J, Speidel D, Deppert W, Tolstonog GV. Mutant p53R270H gain of function phenotype in a mouse model for oncogene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:1701-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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