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Fu Z, Sun G, Li J, Yu H. Identification of hub genes related to metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma and establishment of a prognostic model with bioinformatic methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38470. [PMID: 38847690 PMCID: PMC11155596 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor occurring in children and adolescents. Improvements in our understanding of the OS pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism on the molecular level might lead to notable advances in the treatment and prognosis of OS. Biomarkers related to OS metastasis and prognosis were analyzed and identified, and a prognostic model was established through the integration of bioinformatics tools and datasets in multiple databases. 2 OS datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for data consolidation, standardization, batch effect correction, and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); following that, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; the STRING database was subsequently used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and identification of hub genes; hub gene expression was validated, and survival analysis was conducted through the employment of the TARGET database; finally, a prognostic model was established and evaluated subsequent to the screening of survival-related genes. A total of 701 DEGs were identified; by gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, the overlapping DEGs were enriched for 249 biological process terms, 13 cellular component terms, 35 molecular function terms, and 4 KEGG pathways; 13 hub genes were selected from the PPI network; 6 survival-related genes were identified by the survival analysis; the prognostic model suggested that 4 genes were strongly associated with the prognosis of OS. DEGs related to OS metastasis and survival were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and hub genes were further selected to establish an ideal prognostic model for OS patients. On this basis, 4 protective genes including TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 were yielded by the prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guofeng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Jingtian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
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2
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Hashem M, Mohandesi Khosroshahi E, Aliahmady M, Ghanei M, Soofi Rezaie Y, alsadat Jafari Y, rezaei F, Khodaparast eskadehi R, Kia Kojoori K, jamshidian F, Nabavi N, Rashidi M, Hasani Sadi F, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. Non-coding RNA transcripts, incredible modulators of cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder cancer through operating a broad spectrum of cellular processes and signaling mechanism. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:560-582. [PMID: 38515791 PMCID: PMC10955558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly frequent neoplasm in correlation with significant rate of morbidity, mortality, and cost. The onset of BC is predominantly triggered by environmental and/or occupational exposures to carcinogens, such as tobacco. There are two distinct pathways by which BC can be developed, including non-muscle-invasive papillary tumors (NMIBC) and non-papillary (or solid) muscle-invasive tumors (MIBC). The Cancer Genome Atlas project has further recognized key genetic drivers of MIBC along with its subtypes with particular properties and therapeutic responses; nonetheless, NMIBC is the predominant BC presentation among the suffering individuals. Radical cystoprostatectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been verified to be the common therapeutic interventions in metastatic tumors, among which chemotherapeutics are more conventionally utilized. Although multiple chemo drugs have been broadly administered for BC treatment, cisplatin is reportedly the most effective chemo drug against the corresponding malignancy. Notwithstanding, tumor recurrence is usually occurred following the consumption of cisplatin regimens, particularly due to the progression of chemo-resistant trait. In this framework, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as abundant RNA transcripts arise from the human genome, are introduced to serve as crucial contributors to tumor expansion and cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder neoplasm. In the current review, we first investigated the best-known ncRNAs, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), correlated with cisplatin chemo-resistance in BC cells and tissues. We noticed that these ncRNAs could mediate the BC-related cisplatin-resistant phenotype through diverse cellular processes and signaling mechanisms, reviewed here. Eventually, diagnostic and prognostic potential of ncRNAs, as well as their therapeutic capabilities were highlighted in regard to BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashem
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Aliahmady
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Ghanei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Soofi Rezaie
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin alsadat Jafari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Khodaparast eskadehi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kia Kojoori
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - faranak jamshidian
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hasani Sadi
- General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kandeeban S, Ishwarya S, Nareshkumar RN, Gunalan V, Porkodi P, Shyam Sundar J, Asokan R, Sharada R, Sripriya K, George R, Sripriya S. A Study on the Candidate Gene Association and Interaction with Measures of UV Exposure in Pseudoexfoliation Patients from India. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1144-1152. [PMID: 37556844 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2246689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Environmental and genetic factors are associated with development of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS). Here we intended to elucidate the association of candidate genes in relevance to UV exposure in these patients. METHODS This is a case-control study of 309 subjects (N = 219 controls and 90 XFS cases) from India. PCR based direct sequencing was performed for candidate genes (LOXL1, POMP and TMEM136) followed by genotype and haplotype analysis. The promoter methylation status was assessed by Methylation specific PCR based direct sequencing of genomic DNA for all samples. The methylation status was compared with that of primary fibroblasts cultures established from patient's Tenon's tissue samples in subset of these patients. RESULTS SNPs rs3825942, rs41435250, rs8818 (LOXL1) and rs3737528 (POMP) showed significant association with XFS. LOXL1 gene haplotype GAGC (rs1048661- rs3825942- rs41435250-rs8818) was associated with lower risk for XFS with a p value 4.1961 × 10-6 (OR =0; 95%CI, 0.000-0.003). POMP gene haplotypes for intronic SNPs (rs1340815- rs3737528- rs913797) TCC and TTC were associated with increased risk for the disease (OR > 1.0). Significant correlation for SNPs rs3825942 of LOXL1 (ρ= -0.132) and rs3737528 of POMP (ρ = 0.12) was observed with measure of lifetime UV exposure (CUVAF value). Reduced LOXL1 gene expression was observed in cultured tenon fibroblasts from the patients that correlated with differential methylation of the Sp-1 binding sites at -253, -243bp upstream to the transcription start site of LOXL1 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible interaction for LOXL1 gene haplotype (GAGC) with the measure of ocular UV exposure in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Kandeeban
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tanjavur, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ishwarya
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - R N Nareshkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, R S Mehta Jain, Chennai, India
| | - Vaishaali Gunalan
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - P Porkodi
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - J Shyam Sundar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, R S Mehta Jain, Chennai, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - R Sharada
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sripriya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sarangapani Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Wang J, Chen C, Huang J, Xie Z, Chen X, Zheng Z, Li E, Zou H. The possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for carcinomas. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1519-1529. [PMID: 37814029 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), a member of lysyl oxidase family, is a copper and lysine tyrosylquinone-dependent amine oxidase that serves the role of catalyzing the cross-linking of elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix. Numerous studies have shown a significant association between LOXL4 expression levels and tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and patients' prognosis and overall survival in different types of tumors. Here we review their relationship and the molecular pathogenesis behind them, aiming to explore the possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for diverse carcinomas and provide some indications for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziman Xie
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Lysyl Oxidase Family Proteins: Prospective Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012270. [PMID: 36293126 PMCID: PMC9602794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, consisting of LOX and LOX-like proteins 1–4 (LOXL1–4), is responsible for the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin, thus maintaining the stability of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and functioning in maintaining connective tissue function, embryonic development, and wound healing. Recent studies have found the aberrant expression or activity of the LOX family occurs in various types of cancer. It has been proved that the LOX family mainly performs tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling function and is extensively involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, immunomodulation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. With relevant translational research in progress, the LOX family is expected to be an effective target for tumor therapy. Here, we review the research progress of the LOX family in tumor progression and therapy to provide novel insights for future exploration of relevant tumor mechanism and new therapeutic targets.
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6
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Ramos S, Ferreira S, Fernandes AS, Saraiva N. Lysyl Oxidases Expression and Breast Cancer Progression: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883998. [PMID: 35800439 PMCID: PMC9254715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LOX (Lysyl oxidase) and LOX like 1–4 (LOXL1–4) are amine oxidases that catalyse the cross-linking of elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This activity can facilitate cell migration and the formation of metastases. Consequently, inhibition of these enzymes and, in particular of LOXL2, has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to prevent breast cancer metastasis. Although medicinal chemistry studies have struggled to specifically inhibit LOXL2, the importance of selectivity in this context is not clear. To explore the role of each LOX in breast cancer and consequently their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, a bioinformatic-based approach was followed. The expression profile of LOXs, the putative associations among mRNA expression from each LOX and clinical observations, the correlation between expression of LOX enzymes and other genes, and the association between expression of LOXs and the tumour infiltrates were assessed for breast cancer. Overall, the patient outcome and the characteristics of breast tumours with LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 upregulation is distinct from those with high expression of LOXL3 and LOXL4. Additionally, the expression correlation between LOXs and other genes involved in cellular processes relevant for cancer biology, also reveals a similar trend for LOX, LOXL1 and LOX2. This work further supports the relevance of LOXL2 as a breast cancer progression biomarker and therapeutic target. We speculate that while the impact of LOXL3 inhibition may vary with breast cancer subtype, the therapeutical inhibition of LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 but not of LOXL4 may be the most beneficial.
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7
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Sjöstedt S, Vieira FG, Karnov K, Agander TK, Willemoe GL, Rohrberg KS, Nielsen FC, von Buchwald C. Differences in gene expression despite identical histomorphology in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma. APMIS 2022; 130:551-559. [PMID: 35662259 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (sITAC) is histomorphologically indistinguishable from colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) leading to diagnostic challenges. Metastases from CRCs to the sinonasal tract have been reported. The aim of the study was to identify a biomarker making it possible to distinguish between sITAC and metastases of colorectal origin. Formalin-fixated paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 20 consecutive patients with sITAC treated at Rigshospitalet, Denmark from 2005 to 2017, 20 patients with CRC, and second patients with both sinonasal and colorectal carcinomas were included, and RNA-sequencing was performed on all samples. Moreover, a series of 26 samples from metastasizing CRC were included (in-house data). 3139 differentially expressed genes were identified, of these several were deemed as possible biomarkers, including CSDE1, for which immunohistochemical staining was performed. sITAC and CRC differ in genomic expression. CSDE1, previously found upregulated in CRC, was significantly differentially expressed. Using immunohistochemical staining, no sITACs displayed strong and diffuse staining for CSDE1, which represents a potential marker to use in distinguishing sITAC from a metastasis of colorectal origin. This knowledge could improve the diagnostic process and hopefully the outcome in patients with this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannia Sjöstedt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirstine Karnov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gro Linno Willemoe
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Su Y, Zhang X, Li S, Xie W, Guo J. Emerging roles of the copper-CTR1 axis in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1339-1353. [PMID: 35604085 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological roles of copper in metabolic homeostasis have been well established, however, whether and how copper is dysregulated in tumors and contributes to tumorigenesis are not recapitulated. Here, we comprehensively summarize the potential origins of copper accumulation in diseases especially in cancers by dysregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) or ATPase copper transporting alpha/beta (ATP7A/B) and further demonstrate the underlying mechanism of copper contributing to tumorigenesis. Specifically, in addition to modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiogenesis, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis, copper recently has drawn more attention by directly binding to oncoproteins such as MEK, ULK, Memo, and PDK1 to activate distinct oncogenic signals and account for tumorigenesis. In the end, we disclose the emerging applications of copper in cancer diagnosis and highlight the promising strategies to target the copper-CTR1 axis for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- The First Affiliatd Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
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CDC42 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer via the IQGAP3-Mediated Ras/ERK Pathway. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2383-2398. [PMID: 35412170 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary system. The current conventional treatments for BC have certain limitations. It is very urgent and necessary to find new treatment strategies for BC. Our study elucidated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of cell division control protein 42 homologue (CDC42) to regulate the development of BC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of CDC42 and IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) in BC tissues and BC cells. We induced the knockdown or overexpression by transfecting sh-CDC42 or oe-IQGAP3 into BC cells. In addition, cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Moreover, proteins involved in the rat sarcoma (Ras)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway were determined by Western blot. The expression of CDC42 and IQGAP3 was markedly upregulated in both BC tissues and BC cells. CDC42 silencing downregulated the expression of IQGAP3 and suppressed the Ras/ERK pathway. In addition, CDC42 silencing markedly promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in BC cells. Further experiments showed that overexpression of IQGAP3 dramatically abolished the bioeffects mediated by CDC42 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells. All our results suggested that CDC42 promoted the Ras/ERK pathway by regulating IQGAP3, thus enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis in BC cells and ultimately participating in the pathogenesis of BC.
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Ji Y, You Y, Wu Y, Wang M, He Q, Zhou X, Chen L, Sun X, Liu Y, Fu X, Kwan HY, Zuo Q, Luo R, Zhao X. Overexpression of miR-328-5p influences cell growth and migration to promote NSCLC progression by targeting LOXL4. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:301. [PMID: 35433959 PMCID: PMC9011230 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, and most lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MiR-328 influence the progression of multiple tumors, but the role of miR-328-5p in NSCLC has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to illuminate the oncogenic role and potential molecular mechanisms of the miR-328-5p and lysyl oxidase like 4 (LOXL4) in NSCLC. Methods Expression of miR-328-5p was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues. After Lentivirus-miR-328-5p was employed to intervene this miRNA in NSCLC cell lines, RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-328-5p. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell assays were used to determine the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells. Nude mice models of subcutaneous tumors were established to observe the effect of miR-328-5p on tumorigenesis. Targeting the 3'UTR of LOXL4 by miR-328-5p was verified by integrated analysis including transcriptome sequencing, dual-luciferase and western-blot assays. Results High miR-328-5p level was observed in NSCLC cells from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and tumor tissues collected from NSCLC patients. Overexpressed miR-328-5p promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, survival, and migration, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Knockdown of miR-328-5p suppressed tumorigenic activities. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that LOXL4 was downregulated by miR-328-5p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and western-blot assays. Conclusions miR-328-5p showed targeted regulation of LOXL4 to promote cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Ji
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Chen
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Luo
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kamiya T. Copper in the tumor microenvironment and tumor metastasis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:22-28. [PMID: 35903604 PMCID: PMC9309082 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu), an essential micronutrient, plays an essential role in several physiological processes, including cell proliferation and angiogenesis; however, its dysregulation induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Significant Cu accumulation is observed in several tumor tissues. The bioavailability of intracellular Cu is tightly controlled by Cu transporters, including Cu transporter 1 (CTR1) and Cu-transporting P-type ATPase α and β (ATP7A and ATP7B), and Cu chaperones, including Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (CCS) and antioxidant-1 (Atox-1). In several tumor tissues, these abnormalities that induce intracellular Cu accumulation are involved in tumor progression. In addition, functional disturbance in Cu-containing secretory enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), and lysyl oxidase enzymes (LOX and LOXL1–4) with abnormal Cu dynamics plays a key role in tumor metastasis. For example, the loss of SOD3 in tumor tissues induces oxidative stress, which promotes neovascularization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). LOX promotes collagen crosslinking, which functions in the metastatic niche formation. Accordingly, restricted Cu regulation may be a novel strategy for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. However, it is unclear how these Cu disturbances occur in tumor tissues and the exact molecular mechanisms underlying Cu secretory enzymes. In this review article, I discuss the role of Cu transporters, Cu chaperones, and Cu-containing secretory enzymes in tumor progression to better understand the role of Cu homeostasis in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Altuntaş OM, Süslü N, Güler Tezel YG, Tatlı Doğan H, Yılmaz T. Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88:968-974. [PMID: 33757755 PMCID: PMC9615536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lysyl oxidase-like 4 is an amine oxidase from the lysyl oxidase family that was previously shown to be overexpressed in head and neck cancer and upregulated in response to hypoxia. The possible role of lysyl oxidase-like 4 as a tumor marker in advanced stage larynx cancer was investigated. Objective To investigate the expression of lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 protein in advanced stage laryngeal cancer and elucidate its possible role as a tumor marker, predictor of treatment response and prognosticator. Methods Diagnostic specimens of 72 patients treated for stage III–IV laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated for lysyl oxidase-like 4 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results Lysyl oxidase-like 4 expression was correlated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.041) and better differentiation (p = 0.025) but was independent of tumor diameter (p = 0.456). Response to induction chemotherapy or the need for salvage laryngectomy were not affected by lysyl oxidase-like 4 expression (p = 0.999, p = 0.070 respectively). Increased lysyl oxidase-like 4 expression was associated with better 2 year overall survival in both univariate (p = 0.036) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.014). Conclusion Lysyl oxidase-like 4 expression emerges with advancing stages, is lost with worsening differentiation, and may have tumor suppressive properties in larynx cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Muzaffer Altuntaş
- Koç University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nilda Süslü
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Taner Yılmaz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Targeting Lysyl Oxidase Family Meditated Matrix Cross-Linking as an Anti-Stromal Therapy in Solid Tumours. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030491. [PMID: 33513979 PMCID: PMC7865543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To improve efficacy of solid cancer treatment, efforts have shifted towards targeting both the cancer cells and the surrounding tumour tissue they grow in. The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes underpin the fibrotic remodeling of the tumour microenvironment to promote both cancer growth, spread throughout the body and modulate response to therapies. This review examines how the lysyl oxidase family is involved in tumour development, how they can be targeted, and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in solid tumours. Abstract The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes are a major driver in the biogenesis of desmoplastic matrix at the primary tumour and secondary metastatic sites. With the increasing interest in and development of anti-stromal therapies aimed at improving clinical outcomes of cancer patients, the Lox family has emerged as a potentially powerful clinical target. This review examines how lysyl oxidase family dysregulation in solid cancers contributes to disease progression and poor patient outcomes, as well as an evaluation of the preclinical landscape of LOX family targeting therapeutics. We also discuss the suitability of the LOX family as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in solid tumours.
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Yuan R, Li Y, Yang B, Jin Z, Xu J, Shao Z, Miao H, Ren T, Yang Y, Li G, Song X, Hu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Liu Y. LOXL1 exerts oncogenesis and stimulates angiogenesis through the LOXL1-FBLN5/αvβ3 integrin/FAK-MAPK axis in ICC. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:797-810. [PMID: 33614230 PMCID: PMC7868718 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) reportedly leads to fibrous diseases. Recent studies have revealed its role in cancers. In this study, we observed an elevated level of LOXL1 in the tissues and sera of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) compared with levels in nontumor tissues and sera of unaffected individuals. Overexpression of LOXL1 in RBE and 9810 cell lines promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis in vivo and in vitro and induced angiogenesis. In contrast, depletion of LOXL1 showed the opposite effects. We further showed that LOXL1 interacted with fibulin 5 (FBLN5), which regulates angiogenesis, through binding to the αvβ3 integrin in an arginine-glycine-aspartic (Arg-Gly-Asp) domain-dependent mechanism and enhanced the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway inside vascular endothelial cells. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying LOXL1 regulation of angiogenesis in ICC development and indicate that the LOXL1-FBLN5/αvβ3 integrin/FAK-MAPK axis might be the critical pathological link leading to angiogenesis in ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Baixiang Road, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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15
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Lelièvre P, Sancey L, Coll JL, Deniaud A, Busser B. The Multifaceted Roles of Copper in Cancer: A Trace Metal Element with Dysregulated Metabolism, but Also a Target or a Bullet for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3594. [PMID: 33271772 PMCID: PMC7760327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, copper (Cu) is a major and essential player in a large number of cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways. The involvement of Cu in oxidation-reduction reactions requires close regulation of copper metabolism in order to avoid toxic effects. In many types of cancer, variations in copper protein levels have been demonstrated. These variations result in increased concentrations of intratumoral Cu and alterations in the systemic distribution of copper. Such alterations in Cu homeostasis may promote tumor growth or invasiveness or may even confer resistance to treatments. Once characterized, the dysregulated Cu metabolism is pinpointing several promising biomarkers for clinical use with prognostic or predictive capabilities. The altered Cu metabolism in cancer cells and the different responses of tumor cells to Cu are strongly supporting the development of treatments to disrupt, deplete, or increase Cu levels in tumors. The metallic nature of Cu as a chemical element is key for the development of anticancer agents via the synthesis of nanoparticles or copper-based complexes with antineoplastic properties for therapy. Finally, some of these new therapeutic strategies such as chelators or ionophores have shown promising results in a preclinical setting, and others are already in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lelièvre
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
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16
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Greene AG, Eivers SB, McDonnell F, Dervan EWJ, O'Brien CJ, Wallace DM. Differential Lysyl oxidase like 1 expression in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is orchestrated via DNA methylation. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108349. [PMID: 33188817 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is the most common cause of secondary open angle glaucoma worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene Lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1) are strongly associated with the development of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG). However, these SNPs are also present in 50-80% of the general population, suggestive of other factors being involved in the pathogenesis of PXFG. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of epigenetic regulation, specifically DNA methylation, on LOXL1 expression in PXFG using human tenons fibroblasts (HTFs), aqueous humour and serum samples from donors with and without PXFG. LOXL1 expression in HTFs was measured by qPCR and Western Blotting and LOXL1 concentration in aqueous humour was determined by ELISA. Global DNA methylation levels were quantified using an ELISA for 5-methylcytosine. MeDIP assays assessed the methylation status of the LOXL1 promoter region. Expression of methylation-associated enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3a and MeCP2) were determined by qPCR and inhibited by 0.3 μM 5-azacytidine (5-aza). Results showed that LOXL1 expression was significantly decreased in PXFG HTFs compared with Control HTFs at gene (Fold change 0.37 ± 0.05, P < 0.01) level and showed a decrease, when measured at the protein level (Fold change 0.65 ± 0.42, P = 0.22), however this was not found to be significant. LOXL1 concentration was increased in the aqueous of PXFG patients compared with Controls (2.76 ± 0.78 vs. 1.79 ± 0.33 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Increased global methylation (56.07% ± 4.87% vs. 32.39% ± 4.29%, P < 0.01) was observed in PXFG HTFs compared with Control HTFs, as was expression of methylation-associated enzymes (DNMT1 1.58 ± 0.30, P < 0.05, DNMT3a 1.89 ± 0.24, P < 0.05, MeCP2 1.63 ± 0.30, P < 0.01). Methylation-associated enzymes were also increased when measured at protein level (DNMT1 5.70 ± 2.64, P = 0.04, DNMT3a 1.79 ± 1.55, P = 0.42, MeCP2 1.64 ± 1.33, P = 0.45). LOXL1 promoter methylation was increased in patients with PXFG compared to Control patients in both blood (3.98 ± 2.24, 2.10 ± 1.29, P < 0.05) and HTF cells (37.31 ± 22.0, 8.66 ± 10.40, P < 0.01). Treatment of PXFG HTFs with in 5-azacytidine increased LOXL1 expression when compared with untreated PXFG HTFs (Fold change 2.26 ± 0.67, P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that LOXL1 expression is altered in PXFG via DNA methylation and that reversal of these epigenetic changes may represent future potential therapeutic targets in the management of PXFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Greene
- Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah B Eivers
- Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona McDonnell
- Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward W J Dervan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Brien
- Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Deborah M Wallace
- Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Ye M, Zhou J, Gao Y, Pan S, Zhu X. The prognostic value of the lysyl oxidase family in ovarian cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23538. [PMID: 33058284 PMCID: PMC7755792 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study intended to evaluate the prognostic value of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and its four relevant members, the lysyl oxidase-like genes (LOXL1-4), in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database was used to investigate the prognostic power of the LOX family for OC patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the clinical endpoints. The prognostic roles of the LOX family in OC patients were also analyzed according to various clinicopathological characteristics, including histological subtypes, clinical stages, pathological grades, and chemotherapeutic treatments. RESULTS Overexpression of LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 mRNA indicated poor OS and PFS in OC patients, particularly in serous and grade II + III OC patients. Overexpression of LOXL4 mRNA resulted in worse PFS in OC patients. Overexpression of LOX and LOXL1 mRNA showed worse OS and PFS in stage III + IV OC patients, and overexpression of LOXL3 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS in stage I + II OC patients. Overexpression of LOX, LOXL3, and LOXL4 mRNA indicated worse OS and PFS among OC patients who received platinum, taxol, and taxol + platinum chemotherapy. Overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL2 mRNA was related to lower OS and PFS in OC patients who received platinum chemotherapy. CONCLUSION LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL3 may become potential predictive markers for negative outcomes in OC patients. Moreover, the LOX family can serve as new molecular predictors for the efficiency of platinum-based chemotherapy in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yang N, Cao DF, Yin XX, Zhou HH, Mao XY. Lysyl oxidases: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110791. [PMID: 33152948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of extracellular proteins has attracted huge attention in treating human diseases. The lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are a family of secreted copper-dependent enzymes which initiate the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular microenvironment, thereby facilitating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and ECM homeostasis. Apart from ECM-dependent roles, LOXs are also involved in other biological processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transcriptional regulation, especially following hypoxic stress. Dysregulation of LOXs is found to underlie the onset and progression of multiple pathologies, such as carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis, fibrotic diseases, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we make a comprehensive summarization of clinical and experimental evidences that support roles of for LOXs in disease pathology and points out LOXs as promising therapeutic targets for improving prognosis. Additionally, we also propose that LOXs reshape cell-ECM interaction or cell-cell interaction due to ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles for LOXs. Therapeutic intervention of LOXs may have advantages in the maintenance of communication between ECM and cell or intercellular signaling, finally recovering organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan-Feng Cao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Xi-Xi Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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19
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Hu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu L, Wu C, Mao B, Maruthi Prasad E, Wang Y, Chin YE. LOXL1 modulates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:148. [PMID: 32912229 PMCID: PMC7488294 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LOX-like 1 (LOXL1) is a lysyl oxidase, and emerging evidence has revealed its effect on malignant cancer progression. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Methods LOXL1 expression in colorectal cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR. In vitro, colony formation, wound healing, migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the effects of LOXL1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In vivo, metastasis models and mouse xenografts were used to assess tumorigenicity and metastasis ability. Molecular biology experiments were utilized to reveal the underlying mechanisms by which LOXL1 modulates the Hippo pathway. Results LOXL1 was highly expressed in normal colon tissues compared with cancer tissues. In vitro, silencing LOXL1 in CRC cell lines dramatically enhanced migration, invasion, and colony formation, while overexpression of LOXL1 exerted the opposite effects. The results of the in vivo experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of LOXL1 in CRC cell lines drastically inhibited metastatic progression and tumour growth. Mechanistically, LOXL1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP) by interacting with MST1/2 and increasing the phosphorylation of MST1/2. Conclusions LOXL1 may function as an important tumour suppressor in regulating tumour growth, invasion and metastasis via negative regulation of YAP activity. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linpeng Wu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Mao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - E Maruthi Prasad
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen key of Laboratory of Translational medicine of Tumor, Shenzhen University Health science center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wang Z, Gao L, Guo X, Lian W, Deng K, Xing B. Development and Validation of a Novel DNA Methylation-Driven Gene Based Molecular Classification and Predictive Model for Overall Survival and Immunotherapy Response in Patients With Glioblastoma: A Multiomic Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576996. [PMID: 33015072 PMCID: PMC7494802 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of only 5.6%. This study aimed to develop a novel DNA methylation-driven gene (MDG)-based molecular classification and risk model for individualized prognosis prediction for GBM patients. Methods The DNA methylation profiles (458 samples) and gene expression profiles (376 samples) of patients were enrolled to identify MDGs using the MethylMix algorithm. Unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to develop the MDG-based molecular classification. By performing the univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a MDG-based prognostic model was developed and validated. Then, Bisulfite Amplicon Sequencing (BSAS) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to verify the methylation and expressions of MDGs in GBM cell lines. Results A total of 199 MDGs were identified, the expression patterns of which enabled TCGA and CGGA GBM patients to be divided into 2 clusters by unsupervised consensus clustering. Cluster 1 patients commonly exhibited a poor prognosis, were older in age, and were more sensitive to immunotherapies. Then, six MDGs (ANKRD10, BMP2, LOXL1, RPL39L, TMEM52, and VILL) were further selected to construct the prognostic risk score model, which was validated in the CGGA cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high-risk patients had significantly poorer OS than low-risk patients (logrank P = 3.338 × 10-6). Then, a prognostic nomogram was constructed and validated. Calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis indicated excellent predictive performance for the nomogram in both the TCGA training and CGGA validation cohorts. Finally, in vitro BSAS and qPCR analysis validated that the expressions of the MDGs were negatively regulated by methylations of target genes, especially promoter region methylation. Conclusion The MDG-based prognostic model could serve as a promising prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target to facilitate individualized survival prediction and better treatment options for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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21
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Yin H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang T, Fan J, Sun J, Yang A, Zhang R. EZH2-mediated Epigenetic Silencing of miR-29/miR-30 targets LOXL4 and contributes to Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:8494-8512. [PMID: 32754259 PMCID: PMC7392008 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a key epigenetic regulator, is involved in breast cancer progression and metastasis. LOXL4 is increasingly recognized as an important player in cancer progression. To date, how EZH2 regulates LOXL4 in the progression of breast cancer remains unclear. Methods: We evaluated the association between LOX family proteins and EZH2 in invasive breast carcinoma through the starBase v2.0 analysis, and its correlation with breast tumorigenesis using the Oncomine dataset. We then applied miRcode data combined with gene expression omnibus (GEO) data to screen candidate miRNAs mediating the regulation of LOXL4 by EZH2. We explored the regulatory mechanism of EZH2, miR-29b/miR-30d, and LOXL4 in breast cancer cells by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, cell proliferation, colony formation, and wound healing assays, xenograft experiments, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Inhibition of EZH2 or LOXL4, or miR-29b/miR-30d overexpression, decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. LOXL4 was identified as a direct target of miR-29b and miR-30d. EZH2 inhibition enhanced miR-30d and miR-29b transcription via promoter binding activity, leading to the reduced expression of LOXL4. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer specimens and flow cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in mice showed a positive association of EZH2 with LOXL4 expression and macrophage infiltration. Conclusions: Our findings identified EZH2-miR-29b/miR-30d-LOXL4 signaling pathway was involved in breast tumorigenesis, and suggested that the epigenetic modulation represents a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer by controlling macrophage activation.
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22
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Greene AG, Eivers SB, Dervan EWJ, O'Brien CJ, Wallace DM. Lysyl Oxidase Like 1: Biological roles and regulation. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107975. [PMID: 32070696 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl Oxidase Like 1 (LOXL1) is a gene that encodes for the LOXL1 enzyme. This enzyme is required for elastin biogenesis and collagen cross-linking, polymerising tropoelastin monomers into elastin polymers. Its main role is in elastin homeostasis and matrix remodelling during injury, fibrosis and cancer development. Because of its vast range of biological functions, abnormalities in LOXL1 underlie many disease processes. Decreased LOXL1 expression is observed in disorders of elastin such as Cutis Laxa and increased expression is reported in fibrotic disease such as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. LOXL1 is also downregulated in the lamina cribrosa in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and genetic variants in the LOXL1 gene have been linked with an increased risk of developing pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. However the two major risk alleles are reversed in certain ethnic groups and are present in a large proportion of the normal population, implying complex genetic and environmental regulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. It also appears that the non-coding variants in intron 1 of LOXL1 may be involved in the regulation of LOXL1 expression. Gene alteration may occur via a number of epigenetic and post translational mechanisms such as DNA methylation, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. These may represent future therapeutic targets for disease. Environmental factors such as hypoxia, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation exposure alter LOXL1 expression, and it is likely a combination of these genetic and environmental factors that influence disease development and progression. In this review, we discuss LOXL1 properties, biological roles and regulation in detail with a focus on pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Greene
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sarah B Eivers
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward W J Dervan
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Dept. of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Deborah M Wallace
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Xu J. Prognostic utility and clinical significance of lysyl oxidase-like 2 protein expression in digestive system cancers. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20713-20720. [PMID: 30997684 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) participates in the occurrence and development of digestive system cancers (DSCs). The aim of this study was to determine whether LOXL2 protein could serve as a prognostic biomarker in patients with DSCs. Relevant studies published before October 1, 2018 were identified from a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. This meta-analysis was conducted via STATA/SE 14.1 software. Finally, a total of 12 publications and 6 different kinds of DSCs were identified. Meta-analysis indicated that increased expression of LOXL2 protein was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratios [HR]: 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.72) and worse progression-free survival/disease-free survival (HR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.48-2.83) in cases with DSCs. In addition, clinicopathological parameters, including tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage were significantly related to LOXL2 protein expression in DSCs. High LOXL2 protein expression is significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes in DSCs and its expression level may represent a candidate prognostic biomarker in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, P. R. China
| | - Wanwei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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24
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Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Zenkel M. The role of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) in exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107818. [PMID: 31563608 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related systemic disease that affects the extracellular matrix. It increases the risk of glaucoma (exfoliation glaucoma, XFG) and susceptibility to diseases of elastin-rich connective tissues. LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) is still recognized as the major genetic effect locus in XFS and XFG in all populations worldwide, although its genetic architecture is incompletely understood. LOXL1 is a key cross-linking enzyme in elastic fiber formation and remodeling, which is compatible with the pathogenetic concept of XFS as a specific type of elastosis. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge about the role of LOXL1 in the etiology and pathophysiology of XFS and XFG. It covers the known genetic associations at the LOXL1 locus, potential mechanisms of gene regulation, implications of LOXL1 in XFS-associated fibrosis and connective tissue homeostasis, its role in the development of glaucoma and associated systemic diseases, and the currently available LOXL1-based in vivo and in vitro models. Finally, it also identifies gaps in knowledge and suggests potential areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Bai T, Liu Y, Li B. LncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐let‐7a‐5p/
EGFR
‐related pathway regulates the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer DU‐145 cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1537-1551. [PMID: 31188543 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
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26
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Zeltz C, Pasko E, Cox TR, Navab R, Tsao MS. LOXL1 Is Regulated by Integrin α11 and Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumorigenicity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050705. [PMID: 31121900 PMCID: PMC6562909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α11, a stromal collagen receptor, promotes tumor growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with the regulation of collagen stiffness in the tumor stroma. We have previously reported that lysyl oxidase like-1 (LOXL1), a matrix cross-linking enzyme, is down-regulated in integrin α11-deficient mice. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between LOXL1 and integrin α11, and the role of LOXL1 in NSCLC tumorigenicity. Our results show that the expression of LOXL1 and integrin α11 was correlated in three lung adenocarcinoma patient datasets and that integrin α11 indeed regulated LOXL1 expression in stromal cells. Using cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) with either a knockdown or overexpression of LOXL1, we demonstrated a role for LOXL1 in collagen matrix remodeling and collagen fiber alignment in vitro and in vivo in a NSCLC xenograft model. As a consequence of collagen reorganization in NSCLC tumor stroma, we showed that LOXL1 supported tumor growth and progression. Our findings demonstrate that stromal LOXL1, under regulation of integrin α11, is a determinant factor of NSCLC tumorigenesis and may be an interesting target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zeltz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Elena Pasko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Roya Navab
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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27
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Xie W, Huang P, Wu B, Chen S, Huang Z, Wang J, Sun H, Wu J, Xie L, Cheng Y, Xie W, Xu L, Chen LQ, Li E, Zou H. Clinical significance of LOXL4 expression and features of LOXL4-associated protein-protein interaction network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Amino Acids 2019; 51:813-828. [PMID: 30900087 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), a member of the LOX family proteins, catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residues in collagen and elastin, which are responsible for maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis. In this study, the mRNA expression of LOXL4 in seven esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and 15 ESCC pairs of clinical samples were examined. Furthermore, LOXL4 protein levels in the ESCC cell lines were determined using western blotting. With the use of immunofluorescence, LOXL4 was observed to be localized primarily in the cytoplasm, but was also present in the nucleus. In addition, the results indicated that the upregulated expression of LOXL4 was associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC even following curative resection (P = 0.010). Similar Kaplan-Meier estimator curves for proteins that interact with LOXL4, SUV39H1 (P = 0.014) and COL2A1 (P = 0.011), were plotted. The analyses based on the protein-protein interaction network depicted the expression of LOXL4 and its associated proteins as well as their functions, suggesting that LOXL4 and its associated proteins may serve a significant role in the development and progression of ESCC. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that LOXL4 is a potential biomarker for patients with ESCC, as well as SUV39H1 and COL2A1, and high expression levels of these genes are associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqi Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingli Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwei Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Medical Bioinformatics Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiying Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Yang J, Huang J, Kang G, Hu H, Xie S. Downregulation of lysyl oxidase‐like 4 LOXL4 by miR‐135a‐5p promotes lung cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18679-18687. [PMID: 30993701 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
- Department of Vascular Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
| | - Wan‐Li Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
| | - Jun‐Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
| | - Ganjun Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
| | - Hai‐Bo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Huai'an China
| | - Songpig Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District Wuhan China
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29
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Shao J, Lu J, Zhu W, Yu H, Jing X, Wang YL, Wang X, Wang XJ. Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2237-2252. [PMID: 30728460 PMCID: PMC6889417 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, whereas tumors with wild-type TP53 develop alternative strategies to survive. Identifying new regulators of p53 reactivation would greatly contribute to the development of cancer therapies. After screening the entire genome in liver cancer cells, we identified lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) as a novel regulator for p53 activation. We found that 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) induces LOXL4 upregulation, with LOXL4 subsequently binding the basic domain of p53 via its low-isoelectric point region. The interaction between LOXL4 and p53 induces the reactivation of compromised p53, resulting in cell death. Furthermore, the nude mouse xenograft model showed that the 5-aza-CR-dependent LOXL4-p53 axis reduces tumor growth. A positive correlation between LOXL4 expression and overall survival in liver cancer patients with wild-type p53 tumors was observed. In conclusion, we found that 5-aza-CR-induced LOXL4 upregulation reactivates wild-type p53 and triggers cell death, which blocks liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Shao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jiongjiong Lu
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jing
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xiong-Jun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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30
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Li R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Feng M, Ma J, Li J, Yang X, Fang F, Xia Q, Zhang Z, Shang M, Jiang S. Exosome-mediated secretion of LOXL4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:18. [PMID: 30704479 PMCID: PMC6354392 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) has been found to be dysregulated in several human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of LOXL4 in HCC progression remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and biological involvement of LOXL4 in the progression of HCC. Methods LOXL4 expression was measured in HCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression, shRNA-mediated knockdown, recombinant human LOXL4 (rhLOXL4), and deletion mutants were applied to study the function of LOXL4 in HCC. Exosomes derived from HCC cell lines were assessed for the ability to promote cancer progression in standard assays. The effects of LOXL4 on the FAK/Src pathway were examined by western blotting. Results LOXL4 was commonly upregulated in HCC tissues and predicted a poor prognosis. Elevated LOXL4 was associated with tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Overexpression of LOXL4 promoted, whereas knockdown of LOXL4 inhibited cell migration and invasion of HCC in vitro, and overexpressed LOXL4 promoted intrahepatic and pulmonary metastases of HCC in vivo. Most interestingly, we found that HCC-derived exosomes transferred LOXL4 between HCC cells, and intracellular but not extracellular LOXL4 promoted cell migration by activating the FAK/Src pathway dependent on its amine oxidase activity through a hydrogen peroxide-mediated mechanism. In addition, HCC-derived exosomes transferred LOXL4 to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) though a paracrine mechanism to promote angiogenesis. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel function of LOXL4 in tumor metastasis mediated by exosomes through regulation of the FAK/Src pathway and angiogenesis in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0948-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Rampias T, Karagiannis D, Avgeris M, Polyzos A, Kokkalis A, Kanaki Z, Kousidou E, Tzetis M, Kanavakis E, Stravodimos K, Manola KN, Pantelias GE, Scorilas A, Klinakis A. The lysine-specific methyltransferase KMT2C/MLL3 regulates DNA repair components in cancer. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846821. [PMID: 30665945 PMCID: PMC6399616 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome‐wide studies in tumor cells have indicated that chromatin‐modifying proteins are commonly mutated in human cancers. The lysine‐specific methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C/MLL3) is a putative tumor suppressor in several epithelia and in myeloid cells. Here, we show that downregulation of KMT2C in bladder cancer cells leads to extensive changes in the epigenetic status and the expression of DNA damage response and DNA repair genes. More specifically, cells with low KMT2C activity are deficient in homologous recombination‐mediated double‐strand break DNA repair. Consequently, these cells suffer from substantially higher endogenous DNA damage and genomic instability. Finally, these cells seem to rely heavily on PARP1/2 for DNA repair, and treatment with the PARP1/2 inhibitor olaparib leads to synthetic lethality, suggesting that cancer cells with low KMT2C expression are attractive targets for therapies with PARP1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kokkalis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Kanaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Kousidou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kanavakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi N Manola
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriel E Pantelias
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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32
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Dynamic matrisome: ECM remodeling factors licensing cancer progression and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:207-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Zhu X, Tian X, Sun T, Yu C, Cao Y, Yan T, Shen C, Lin Y, Fang JY, Hong J, Chen H. GeneExpressScore Signature: a robust prognostic and predictive classifier in gastric cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1871-1883. [PMID: 29957874 PMCID: PMC6210036 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several prognostic signatures have been developed for gastric cancer (GC), the utility of these tools is limited in clinical practice due to lack of validation with large and multiple independent cohorts, or lack of a statistical test to determine the robustness of the predictive models. Here, a prognostic signature was constructed using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model and a training dataset with 300 GC patients. The signature was verified in three independent datasets with a total of 658 tumors across multiplatforms. A nomogram based on the signature was built to predict disease-free survival (DFS). Based on the LASSO model, we created a GeneExpressScore signature (GESGC ) classifier comprised of eight mRNA. With this classifier patients could be divided into two subgroups with distinctive prognoses [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.41-6.66, P < 0.0001]. The prognostic value was consistently validated in three independent datasets. Interestingly, the high-GESGC group was associated with invasion, microsatellite stable/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MSS/EMT), and genomically stable (GS) subtypes. The predictive accuracy of GESGC also outperformed five previously published signatures. Finally, a well-performed nomogram integrating the GESGC and four clinicopathological factors was generated to predict 3- and 5-year DFS. In summary, we describe an eight-mRNA-based signature, GESGC , as a predictive model for disease progression in GC. The robustness of this signature was validated across patient series, populations, and multiplatform datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Xianglong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Chenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Chaoqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Yanwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, China
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34
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Li T, Wu C, Gao L, Qin F, Wei Q, Yuan J. Lysyl oxidase family members in urological tumorigenesis and fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20156-20164. [PMID: 29732010 PMCID: PMC5929453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular copper-dependent monoamine oxidase that catalyzes crosslinking of soluble collagen and elastin into insoluble, mature fibers. Lysyl oxidase-like proteins (LOXL), LOX isozymes with partial structural homology, exhibit similar catalytic activities. This review summarizes recent findings describing the roles of LOX family members in urological cancers and fibrosis. LOX/LOXL play key roles in extracellular matrix stability and integrity, which is essential for normal female pelvic floor function. LOX/LOXL inhibition may reverse kidney fibrosis and ischemic priapism. LOX and LOXL2 reportedly promote kidney carcinoma tumorigenesis, while LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL4 suppress bladder cancer growth. Multiple studies agree that the LOX propeptide may suppress tumor growth, but the role of LOX in prostate cancer remains controversial. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact effects and mechanism of LOX/LOXL on urological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Qin
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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35
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Gross-Cohen M, Feld S, Naroditsky I, Nativ O, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase 2 expression inversely correlates with bladder carcinoma grade and stage. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22556-65. [PMID: 26968815 PMCID: PMC5008381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the pro-tumorigenic function of heparanase is well taken, the role of its close homolog, heparanase 2 (Hpa2) in cancer is by far less investigated. Utilizing immunohistochemical analysis we found that Hpa2 is expressed by normal bladder transitional epithelium and its levels are decreased substantially in bladder cancer. Notably, tumors that retain high levels of Hpa2 were diagnosed as low grade (p=0.001) and low stage (p=0.002), suggesting that Hpa2 is required to preserve cell differentiation and halt cell motility. Indeed, migration of 5637 bladder carcinoma cells was attenuated significantly by exogenous addition of purified Hpa2, and over expression of Hpa2 in 5637 cells resulted in smaller tumors that were diagnosed as low grade. We also noted that tumors produced by Hpa2 over expressing cells are abundantly decorated with stromal cells and collagen deposition evident by Masson's/Trichrome staining, correlating with a marked increase in lysyl oxidase (LOX) staining. The association between Hpa2 and LOX was further confirmed clinically, because of the 16 cases that exhibited strong staining of Hpa2, 14 (87.5%) were also stained strongly for LOX (p=0.05). Collectively, our results suggest that Hpa2 functions as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer, maintaining cellular differentiation and decreasing cell motility in a manner that appears to be independent of regulating heparanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sari Feld
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Naroditsky
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Nativ
- Department of Urology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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36
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Chen J, Ren J, Loo WTY, Hao L, Wang M. Lysyl oxidases expression and histopathological changes of the diabetic rat nephron. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2431-2441. [PMID: 29207131 PMCID: PMC5783488 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes, the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered an indication of nephropathological changes. Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are also associated with ECM. However, the majority of studies on LOXs have focused on their potential role in renal fibrogenesis and there has no examination of LOXs expression or the correlation with histopathological changes of DN, including glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and glomerulosclerosis. In this study, the association between histological changes and LOXs was explored using a type 2 diabetes model of male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. The expression of LOX and lysyl oxidase-like 1 to 3 (LOXL1 to 3) levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The expression levels of LOX and LOXL2 in the kidney tissue in the diabetic group were significantly higher compared with those of the control group, but LOXL1 and LOXL3 expression levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicated that LOXL2 and LOX may be critical factors involved in the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wings T Y Loo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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37
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Trackman PC. Functional importance of lysyl oxidase family propeptide regions. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:45-53. [PMID: 29086201 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase family of proteins is primarily known for its critical role in catalyzing extracellular oxidative deamination of hydroxylysine and lysine residues in collagens, and lysine residues in elastin required for connective tissue structure and function. Lysyl oxidases have additional important biological functions in health and disease. While the enzyme domains are highly conserved, the propeptide regions are less uniform, and have biological activity, some of which are independent of their respective enzymes. This review summarizes what has been published regarding the functions of the propeptide regions of this family of proteins in the context of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, fibrosis and cancer biology. Although much has been learned, there is a need for greater attention to structure/function relationships and mechanisms to more fully understand these multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Trackman
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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38
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Choi SK, Kim HS, Jin T, Moon WK. LOXL4 knockdown enhances tumor growth and lung metastasis through collagen-dependent extracellular matrix changes in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11977-11989. [PMID: 28060764 PMCID: PMC5355319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes catalyze collagen cross-link formation. To determine the effects of lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) expression on breast tumor formation and metastasis, we evaluated primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice injected with LOXL4-knockdown MDA-MB-231 triple-negative human breast cancer cells. In addition, we analyzed overall survival in breast cancer patients based on LOXL4 expression using a public online database. In the mouse xenograft model, LOXL4 knockdown increased primary tumor growth and lung colonization as well as collagen I and IV, lysine hydroxylase 1 and 2, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 and 2 levels. Second harmonic generation imaging revealed that LOXL4 knockdown resulted in the thickening of collagen bundles within tumors. In addition, weak LOXL4 expression was associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients from the BreastMark dataset, and this association was strongest in triple-negative breast cancer patients. These results demonstrate that weak LOXL4 expression leads to remodeling of the extracellular matrix through induction of collagen synthesis, deposition, and structural changes. These alterations in turn promote tumor growth and metastasis and are associated with poor clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul Ki Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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39
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Hormaechea-Agulla D, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Gómez-Gómez E, L-López F, Carrasco-Valiente J, Valero-Rosa J, Moreno MM, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ortega-Salas R, Gracia-Navarro F, Culler MD, Ibáñez-Costa A, Gahete MD, Requena MJ, Castaño JP, Luque RM. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer. FASEB J 2017; 31:4682-4696. [PMID: 28705809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601264rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
sst5TMD4, a splice variant of the sst5 gene, is overexpressed and associated with aggressiveness in various endocrine-related tumors, but its presence, functional role, and mechanisms of actions in prostate cancer (PCa)-the most common cancer type in males-is completely unexplored. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate pieces from patients with localized PCa, which included tumoral and nontumoral adjacent regions (n = 45), fresh biopsies from patients with high-risk PCa (n = 52), and healthy fresh prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 14) were examined. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to determine the presence and functional role of sst5TMD4. Results demonstrated that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed (mRNA/protein) in PCa samples, and this is especially drastic in metastatic and/or high Gleason score tumor samples. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 expression was associated with an altered frequency of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs197055 and rs12599155. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to demonstrate that sst5TMD4 overexpression increases cell proliferation and migration in PCa cells and induces larger tumors in nude mice, whereas its silencing decreased proliferation and migration. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 overexpression activated multiple intracellular pathways (ERK/JNK, MYC/MAX, WNT, retinoblastoma), altered oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expression, and disrupted the normal response to somatostatin analogs in PCa cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in PCa, especially in those patients with a worse prognosis, and plays an important pathophysiologic role in PCa, which suggesting its potential as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.-Hormaechea-Agulla, D., Jiménez-Vacas, J. M., Gómez-Gómez, E., L.-López, F., Carrasco-Valiente, J., Valero-Rosa, J., Moreno, M. M., Sánchez-Sánchez, R., Ortega-Salas, R., Gracia-Navarro, F., Culler, M. D., Ibáñez-Costa, A., Gahete, M. D., Requena, M. J., Castaño, J. P., Luque, R. M. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Valero-Rosa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Ortega-Salas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
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40
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Pasutto F, Zenkel M, Hoja U, Berner D, Uebe S, Ferrazzi F, Schödel J, Liravi P, Ozaki M, Paoli D, Frezzotti P, Mizoguchi T, Nakano S, Kubota T, Manabe S, Salvi E, Manunta P, Cusi D, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Aung T, Khor CC, Kruse FE, Reis A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated genetic variants affect transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of LOXL1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15466. [PMID: 28534485 PMCID: PMC5457519 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) is known as the principal genetic risk factor for pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a major cause of glaucoma and cardiovascular complications, no functional variants have been identified to date. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association scan on 771 German PEX patients and 1,350 controls, followed by independent testing of associated variants in Italian and Japanese data sets. We focus on a 3.5-kb four-component polymorphic locus positioned spanning introns 1 and 2 of LOXL1 with enhancer-like chromatin features. We find that the rs11638944:C>G transversion exerts a cis-acting effect on the expression levels of LOXL1, mediated by differential binding of the transcription factor RXRα (retinoid X receptor alpha) and by modulating alternative splicing of LOXL1, eventually leading to reduced levels of LOXL1 mRNA in cells and tissues of risk allele carriers. These findings uncover a functional mechanism by which common noncoding variants influence LOXL1 expression. LOXL1 is a genetic risk factor for pseudoexfoliation syndrome of the eye but a causal variant has not been identified. Here, Pasutto et al., find intronic LOXL1 risk variants influence transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of LOXL1 in affected tissues reducing levels of LOXL1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Hoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Berner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panah Liravi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mineo Ozaki
- Ozaki Eye Hospital, 1-15 Kamezaki, Hyuga, Miyazaki 883-0066, Japan
| | - Daniela Paoli
- Ospedale Monfalcone, Centro Glaucomi, Via Galvani 1, 34074 Monfalcone, Italy
| | - Paolo Frezzotti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci SNC, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Takanori Mizoguchi
- Mizoguchi Eye Clinic, 6-13 Tawara-machi, Sasebo, Nagasaki 857-0016, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasana-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasana-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shinichi Manabe
- Hayashi Eye Hospital, 4-23-35 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, Japan
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Via Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Department of Nephrology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Centre (ITB-CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | | | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Jung J, Kim LJ, Wang X, Wu Q, Sanvoranart T, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Wallace LC, Jin X, Mack SC, Rich JN. Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90019. [PMID: 28515364 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation promotes cancer growth through not only energy production, but also epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we report that a critical node in methyl donor metabolism, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), ranked among the most consistently overexpressed metabolism genes in glioblastoma relative to normal brain. NNMT was preferentially expressed by mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). NNMT depletes S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor generated from methionine. GSCs contained lower levels of methionine, SAM, and nicotinamide, but they contained higher levels of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) than differentiated tumor cells. In concordance with the poor prognosis associated with DNA hypomethylation in glioblastoma, depletion of methionine, a key upstream methyl group donor, shifted tumors toward a mesenchymal phenotype and accelerated tumor growth. Targeting NNMT expression reduced cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor growth of mesenchymal GSCs. Supporting a mechanistic link between NNMT and DNA methylation, targeting NNMT reduced methyl donor availability, methionine levels, and unmethylated cytosine, with increased levels of DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Supporting the clinical significance of these findings, NNMT portended poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Collectively, our findings support NNMT as a GSC-specific therapeutic target in glioblastoma by disrupting oncogenic DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Jung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jy Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xun Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
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42
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Aboobakar IF, Johnson WM, Stamer WD, Hauser MA, Allingham RR. Major review: Exfoliation syndrome; advances in disease genetics, molecular biology, and epidemiology. Exp Eye Res 2016; 154:88-103. [PMID: 27845061 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a common age-related disorder that leads to deposition of extracellular fibrillar material throughout the body. The most recognized disease manifestation is exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), which is a common cause of blindness worldwide. Recent developments in XFS genetics, cell biology and epidemiology have greatly improved our understanding of the etiology of this complex inherited disease. This review summarizes current knowledge of XFS pathogenesis, identifies gaps in knowledge, and discusses areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas F Aboobakar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William M Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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43
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Moulin L, Cenizo V, Antu AN, André V, Pain S, Sommer P, Debret R. Methylation of LOXL1 Promoter by DNMT3A in Aged Human Skin Fibroblasts. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:103-110. [PMID: 27396912 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) is an amino-oxidase involved in maturation of elastic fibers. Its downregulation has been associated with elastic fibers repair loss in aging aorta, lung, ligament, and skin. Several evidences of LOXL1 epigenetic silencing by promoter methylation were reported in cancer and cutis laxa syndrome. We hypothesized that this mechanism could be implicated in skin aging process, as far as elastic fibers are also concerned. Anti-DNMT3A chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted with nuclear extracts from skin fibroblasts isolated from young and elderly individuals, and showed a higher level of DNMT3A protein binding to the LOXL1 promoter in older cells concomitantly to the decrease of LOXL1 mRNA expression and the increase of LOXL1 promoter methylation. Using luciferase reporter assay driven by LOXL1 promoter in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that LOXL1 transcriptional activity was dramatically reduced when a recombinant DNMT3A was concomitantly overexpressed. LOXL1 promoter transcriptional activity was restored in the presence of a broad-spectrum inhibitor of DNMT activity, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Finally, to assess whether the interplay between DNMT3A and LOXL1 promoter could be targeted to increase LOXL1 mRNA expression level, an Origanum majorana extract was selected among 43 plant extracts as a new inhibitor of human DNMT3A activity to restore LOXL1 secretion without cytotoxicity in aged skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Moulin
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | | | - Alengo Nyamay Antu
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Valérie André
- 2 BASF-Beauty Care Solutions France SAS , Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Pain
- 2 BASF-Beauty Care Solutions France SAS , Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Sommer
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305, CNRS, University Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
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44
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Trackman PC. Lysyl Oxidase Isoforms and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities for Fibrosis and Cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:935-45. [PMID: 26848785 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1151003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lysyl oxidase family of enzymes is classically known as being required for connective tissue maturation by oxidizing lysine residues in elastin and lysine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen precursors. The resulting aldehydes then participate in cross-link formation, which is required for normal connective tissue integrity. These enzymes have biological functions that extend beyond this fundamental biosynthetic role, with contributions to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of lysyl oxidases occurs in multiple pathologies including fibrosis, primary and metastatic cancers, and complications of diabetes in a variety of tissues. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the major findings of novel roles for lysyl oxidases in pathologies, and highlights some of the potential therapeutic approaches that are in development and which stem from these new findings. EXPERT OPINION Fundamental questions remain regarding the mechanisms of novel biological functions of this family of proteins, and regarding functions that are independent of their catalytic enzyme activity. However, progress is underway in the development of isoform-specific pharmacologic inhibitors, potential therapeutic antibodies and gaining an increased understanding of both tumor suppressor and metastasis promotion activities. Ultimately, this is likely to lead to novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Trackman
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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45
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Yilmaz M, Suer I, Karatas OF, Cansiz H, Ozen M. Differential expression of LOXL4 in normal and tumour tissue samples of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 41:206-10. [PMID: 26138381 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in worldwide with an increasing incidence rate in recent years. LOXL4 is expressed in several tissues, and its expression has been shown to display a significant correlation with local lymph node metastasis. In this study, we aimed to explore the LOXL4 expression level in metastatic and non-metastatic LSCC tissues and to determine its prognostic significance. STUDY DESIGN Basic science research study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 40 patients were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE LOXL4 expression status in metastatic, non-metastatic LSCC and normal tissue samples was investigated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that LOXL4 was significantly overexpressed in LSCC tumour tissue samples in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues (P < 0.001); however, no significant relationship has been found between LOXL4 expression and either the metastatic potential or the T classification of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS Although expression of LOXL4 is not statistically associated with neck metastases, we showed that LOXL4 expression significantly increased in laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yilmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Suer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O F Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - H Cansiz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Inhibition of Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Enzymes Has Tumour-Promoting and Tumour-Suppressing Roles in Experimental Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19608. [PMID: 26804196 PMCID: PMC4726263 DOI: 10.1038/srep19608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like (LOXL) enzymes are key players in extracellular matrix deposition and maturation. LOX promote tumour progression and metastasis, but it may also have tumour-inhibitory effects. Here we show that orthotopic implantation of rat prostate AT-1 tumour cells increased LOX and LOXLs mRNA expressions in the tumour and in the surrounding non-malignant prostate tissue. Inhibition of LOX enzymes, using Beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), initiated before implantation of AT-1 cells, reduced tumour growth. Conversely, treatment that was started after the tumours were established resulted in unaffected or increased tumour growth. Moreover, treatment with BAPN did not suppress the formation of spontaneous lymph node metastases, or lung tumour burden, when tumour cells were injected intravenously. A temporal decrease in collagen fibre content, which is a target for LOX, was observed in tumours and in the tumour-adjacent prostate tissue. This may explain why early BAPN treatment is more effective in inhibiting tumour growth compared to treatment initiated later. Our data suggest that the enzymatic function of the LOX family is context-dependent, with both tumour-suppressing and tumour-promoting properties in prostate cancer. Further investigations are needed to understand the circumstances under which LOX inhibition may be used as a therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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47
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Pignot G, le Goux C, Bieche I. [Recent advances in bladder urothelial carcinogenesis]. Bull Cancer 2015; 102:1020-35. [PMID: 26617115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the sixth cause of cancer mortality in France and prognosis of muscle-invasive tumors remains poor due to lack of effective treatments. Recent advances in molecular biology applied to tumors and results of recent genome-wide studies have brought a important impact on the understanding of bladder carcinogenesis. Main molecular alterations concern FGFR3, TP53 and HER2, and it is now possible to distinguish three subgroups of tumors according to molecular profile. This paper proposes a review of different genetic and epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer, their potential role as theranostic markers in clinical oncology and new targeted therapies according to the concept of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Pignot
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, service de chirurgie urologique, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Constance le Goux
- Université Paris Descartes, institut Curie, service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Université Paris Descartes, institut Curie, service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, 75005 Paris, France
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48
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Ohta N, Ishiguro S, Kawabata A, Uppalapati D, Pyle M, Troyer D, De S, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Tamura M. Human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells suppress the growth of breast cancer by expression of tumor suppressor genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123756. [PMID: 25942583 PMCID: PMC4420498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and rat umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) possess the ability to control the growth of breast carcinoma cells. Comparative analyses of two types of UCMSC suggest that rat UCMSC-dependent growth regulation is significantly stronger than that of human UCMSC. Their different tumoricidal abilities were clarified by analyzing gene expression profiles in the two types of UCMSC. Microarray analysis revealed differential gene expression between untreated naïve UCMSC and those co-cultured with species-matched breast carcinoma cells. The analyses screened 17 differentially expressed genes that are commonly detected in both human and rat UCMSC. The comparison between the two sets of gene expression profiles identified two tumor suppressor genes, adipose-differentiation related protein (ADRP) and follistatin (FST), that were specifically up-regulated in rat UCMSC, but down-regulated in human UCMSC when they were co-cultured with the corresponding species' breast carcinoma cells. Over-expression of FST, but not ADRP, in human UCMSC enhanced their ability to suppress the growth of MDA-231 cells. The growth of MDA-231 cells was also significantly lower when they were cultured in medium conditioned with FST, but not ADRP over-expressing human UCMSC. In the breast carcinoma lung metastasis model generated with MDA-231 cells, systemic treatment with FST-over-expressing human UCMSC significantly attenuated the tumor burden. These results suggest that FST may play an important role in exhibiting stronger tumoricidal ability in rat UCMSC than human UCMSC and also implies that human UCMSC can be transformed into stronger tumoricidal cells by enhancing tumor suppressor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Susumu Ishiguro
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Marla Pyle
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Deryl Troyer
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
| | - Supriyo De
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Abstract
Metastasis is the main reason for cancer-associated deaths and therapies are desperately needed to target the progression of cancer. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, including metastasis, and is therefore is an attractive therapeutic target. In this review we will breakdown the process of cancer progression and the various roles that LOX plays has in the advancement of cancer. We will highlight why LOX is an exciting therapeutic target for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Perryman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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50
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Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) from stromal fibroblasts stimulates the progression of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:438-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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