1
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Patel S, Vyas VK, Sharma M, Ghate M. Structure-guided discovery of adenosine triphosphate-competitive casein kinase 2 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:987-1014. [PMID: 37307219 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous, highly pleiotropic serine-threonine kinase. CK2 has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of cancer and related disorders. Several adenosine triphosphate-competitive CK2 inhibitors have been identified and have progressed at different levels of clinical trials. This review presents details of CK2 protein, structural insights into adenosine triphosphate binding pocket, current clinical trial candidates and their analogues. Further, it includes the emerging structure-based drug design approaches, chemistry, structure-activity relationship and biological screening of potent and selective CK2 inhibitors. The authors tabulated the details of CK2 co-crystal structures because these co-crystal structures facilitated the structure-guided discovery of CK2 inhibitors. The narrow hinge pocket compared with related kinases provides useful insights into the discovery of CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Manjunath Ghate
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
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2
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Franz T, Negele J, Bruno P, Böttcher M, Mitchell-Flack M, Reemts L, Krone A, Mougiakakos D, Müller AJ, Zautner AE, Kahlfuss S. Pleiotropic effects of antibiotics on T cell metabolism and T cell-mediated immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975436. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells orchestrate adaptive and innate immune responses against pathogens and transformed cells. However, T cells are also the main adaptive effector cells that mediate allergic and autoimmune reactions. Within the last few years, it has become abundantly clear that activation, differentiation, effector function, and environmental adaptation of T cells is closely linked to their energy metabolism. Beyond the provision of energy equivalents, metabolic pathways in T cells generate building blocks required for clonal expansion. Furthermore, metabolic intermediates directly serve as a source for epigenetic gene regulation by histone and DNA modification mechanisms. To date, several antibiotics were demonstrated to modulate the metabolism of T cells especially by altering mitochondrial function. Here, we set out to systematically review current evidence about how beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nitroimidazoles, and amphenicols alter the metabolism and effector functions of CD4+ T helper cell populations and CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Based on this evidence, we have developed an overview on how the use of these antibiotics may be beneficial or detrimental in T cell-mediated physiological and pathogenic immune responses, such as allergic and autoimmune diseases, by altering the metabolism of different T cell populations.
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3
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Godfred-Cato S, Cooley KM, Fleck-Derderian S, Becksted HA, Russell Z, Meaney-Delman D, Mead PS, Nelson CA. Treatment of Human Plague: A Systematic Review of Published Aggregate Data on Antimicrobial Efficacy, 1939-2019. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:S11-S19. [PMID: 32435800 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has killed millions in historic pandemics and continues to cause sporadic outbreaks. Numerous antimicrobials are considered effective for treating plague; however, well-defined information on the relative efficacy of various treatments is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of published data on antimicrobial treatment of plague reported in aggregate. METHODS We searched databases including Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and others for publications with terms related to plague and antimicrobials. Articles were included if they contained 1) a group of patients treated for plague, with outcomes reported by antimicrobial regimen, and 2) laboratory evidence of Y. pestis infection or an epidemiologic link to patients with laboratory evidence of Y. pestis. Case fatality rate by antimicrobial regimen was calculated. RESULTS In total, 5837 articles were identified; among these, 26 articles published between 1939 and 2008 met inclusion criteria. A total of 2631 cases of human plague reported within these articles were included. Among cases classified by primary clinical form of plague, 93.6% were bubonic, 5.9% pneumonic, and 0.5% septicemic with associated case fatalities of 14.2%, 31.1%, and 20.0%, respectively. Case fatality rate among patients who received monotherapy with tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, or sulfonamides was 1.3%, 1.4%, 7.5%, and 20.2%, respectively. Fluoroquinolones were only given as part of combination therapy. Penicillin was associated with a case fatality rate of 75%. CONCLUSIONS Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides were associated with the lowest case fatality rates of all antimicrobials used for treatment of plague. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of fluoroquinolones as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Godfred-Cato
- Infant Outcomes Monitoring, Research and Prevention Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katharine M Cooley
- Synergy America, contracting agency for Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shannon Fleck-Derderian
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education CDC Fellowship Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Heidi A Becksted
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education CDC Fellowship Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Russell
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education CDC Fellowship Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Emergency Preparedness and Response Branch, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Meaney-Delman
- Infant Outcomes Monitoring, Research and Prevention Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul S Mead
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina A Nelson
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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4
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Bayrakci M, Keskinates M, Yilmaz B. Antibacterial, thermal decomposition and in vitro time release studies of chloramphenicol from novel PLA and PVA nanofiber mats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111895. [PMID: 33641898 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation is the first report containing design and synthesis of novel calixarene derivatives (6-8) and their inclusion complexes (IC6-IC8) with Chloramphenicol (CAM). After synthesis, the antibiotic CAM, calixarene derivatives (6-8) and their inclusion complexes (IC6-IC8) were successfully incorporated into biodegradable PVA and/or PLA nanofiber skeleton by electrospinning. The obtained electrospun nanofibers were tested and compared for inhibition of bacterial growth towards multiple bacterial species (Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis). Moreover, we evaluated thermal decomposition and release profile of CAM by spectrophotometric methods. The results suggested that CAM can be successfully encapsulated in nanofiber webs by inclusion complexation, and these fibers could be used as a part of new controlled release packaging system for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlut Bayrakci
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Mukaddes Keskinates
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Bahar Yilmaz
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
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5
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Putra WE, Rifa'i M. Assessing the Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sambucus javanica Berries and Leaves in Chloramphenicol-Induced Aplastic Anemia Mouse Model. Trop Life Sci Res 2020; 31:175-185. [PMID: 32922674 PMCID: PMC7470477 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia, life-threatened disease, is a hematologic disorder characterised by bone marrow hypoplasia. Multiple modalities such as bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppression treatment have been proposed to ameliorate this entity, however it remains ineffective. Sambucus, a group of herb plants, possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as antioxidant, insulin-like activity, anticancer and antiviral. However, the study about its activity toward aplastic anemia incidence is based on limited data. Thus, the research aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Sambucus javanica in chloramphenicol-induced anemia aplastic mouse model. In this present study, BALB/c mice were administrated with chloramphenicol (CMP) to induce aplastic anemia then followed by S. javanica extracts treatment. Additionally, cellular and molecular aspects were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Further analysis showed that S. javanica extracts could promote the population number of regulatory T-cells and naive cytotoxic T-cells. Moreover, those extract also reduced the inflammation and necrotic incidence in CMP-induced mouse aplastic anemia model. Together, these results suggest that S. javanica has therapeutically effect to aplastic anemia by altering the immune system as an immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wira Eka Putra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
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6
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Panuzzo C, Jovanovski A, Pergolizzi B, Pironi L, Stanga S, Fava C, Cilloni D. Mitochondria: A Galaxy in the Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Universe. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113928. [PMID: 32486249 PMCID: PMC7312164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main fascinating energetic source into the cells. Their number, shape, and dynamism are controlled by the cell’s type and current behavior. The perturbation of the mitochondrial inward system via stress response and/or oncogenic insults could activate several trafficking molecular mechanisms with the intention to solve the problem. In this review, we aimed to clarify the crucial pathways in the mitochondrial system, dissecting the different metabolic defects, with a special emphasis on hematological malignancies. We investigated the pivotal role of mitochondria in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their main alterations that could induce malignant transformation, culminating in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In addition, we presented an overview of LSCs mitochondrial dysregulated mechanisms in terms of (1) increasing in oxidative phosphorylation program (OXPHOS), as a crucial process for survival and self-renewal of LSCs,(2) low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (3) aberrant expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with sustained mitophagy. Furthermore, these peculiarities may represent attractive new “hot spots” for mitochondrial-targeted therapy. Finally, we remark the potential of the LCS metabolic effectors to be exploited as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovski
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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7
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Giannopoulou PC, Missiri DA, Kournoutou GG, Sazakli E, Papadopoulos GE, Papaioannou D, Dinos GP, Athanassopoulos CM, Kalpaxis DL. New Chloramphenicol Derivatives from the Viewpoint of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010009. [PMID: 30699905 PMCID: PMC6466596 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, we have been focused on chloramphenicol conjugates that combine in their structure chloramphenicol base with natural polyamines, spermine, spermidine and putrescine, and their modifications. Conjugate 3, with spermidine (SPD) as a natural polyamine linked to chloramphenicol base, showed the best antibacterial and anticancer properties. Using 3 as a prototype, we here explored the influence of the antibacterial and anticancer activity of additional benzyl groups on N1 amino moiety together with modifications of the alkyl length of the aminobutyl fragment of SPD. Our data demonstrate that the novel modifications did not further improve the antibacterial activity of the prototype. However, one of the novel conjugates (4) showed anticancer activity without affecting bacterial growth, thus emerging as a promising anticancer agent, with no adverse effects on bacterial microflora when taken orally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dionissia A Missiri
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Georgia G Kournoutou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Eleni Sazakli
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Georgios E Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - George P Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitrios L Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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8
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Hourigan ST, Solly EL, Nankivell VA, Ridiandries A, Weimann BM, Henriquez R, Tepper ER, Zhang JQJ, Tsatralis T, Clayton ZE, Vanags LZ, Robertson S, Nicholls SJ, Ng MKC, Bursill CA, Tan JTM. The regulation of miRNAs by reconstituted high-density lipoproteins in diabetes-impaired angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13596. [PMID: 30206364 PMCID: PMC6133943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications are associated with impaired ischaemia-driven angiogenesis. We recently found that reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) rescue diabetes-impaired angiogenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate angiogenesis and are transported within HDL to sites of injury/repair. The role of miRNAs in the rescue of diabetes-impaired angiogenesis by rHDL is unknown. Using a miRNA array, we found that rHDL inhibits hsa-miR-181c-5p expression in vitro and using a hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic and antimiR identify a novel anti-angiogenic role for miR-181c-5p. miRNA expression was tracked over time post-hindlimb ischaemic induction in diabetic mice. Early post-ischaemia when angiogenesis is important, rHDL suppressed hindlimb mmu-miR-181c-5p. mmu-miR-181c-5p was not detected in the plasma or within HDL, suggesting rHDL specifically targets mmu-miR-181c-5p at the ischaemic site. Three known angiogenic miRNAs (mmu-miR-223-3p, mmu-miR-27b-3p, mmu-miR-92a-3p) were elevated in the HDL fraction of diabetic rHDL-infused mice early post-ischaemia. This was accompanied by a decrease in plasma levels. Only mmu-miR-223-3p levels were elevated in the hindlimb 3 days post-ischaemia, indicating that rHDL regulates mmu-miR-223-3p in a time-dependent and site-specific manner. The early regulation of miRNAs, particularly miR-181c-5p, may underpin the rescue of diabetes-impaired angiogenesis by rHDL and has implications for the treatment of diabetes-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Hourigan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Victoria A Nankivell
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anisyah Ridiandries
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Weimann
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Edward R Tepper
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Q J Zhang
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Zoe E Clayton
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Z Vanags
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stacy Robertson
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.,Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia. .,Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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9
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Florfenicol-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Autophagy in Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13554. [PMID: 29051574 PMCID: PMC5648778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FLO) is one of the most popular antibiotics used in veterinary clinic and aquaculture. FLO can inhibit both bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis. However, the effects of FLO on mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis remain unclear. Here we show that FLO inhibits expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. As a result, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and IV and the cellular ATP level are decreased and mitochondrial morphology is damaged. FLO represses cell growth and proliferation by suppression of phosphorylation of p70S6K through AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Furthermore, FLO also induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via increase of p21 levels through activating ROS/p53/p21 pathway. Moreover, the clearance of damaged mitochondria by autophagy is impaired, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and promotes cell senescence. In addition, FLO-induced upregulation of cytosolic p53 may contribute to mitophagy deficiency via regulation of Parkin recruitment. In summary, our data suggest that florfenicol is an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis that can induce noticeable cytotoxicity. Thus, these findings can be useful for guiding the proper use of FLO and the development of safe drugs.
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10
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Mwanyika G, Call DR, Rugumisa B, Luanda C, Murutu R, Subbiah M, Buza J. Load and Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from Fresh Goat Meat in Arusha, Tanzania. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1635-1641. [PMID: 28221939 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential public health risks associated with a burgeoning goat meat industry in Tanzania, we estimated the load of Escherichia coli and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains for goat meat by using a cross-sectional study design (June to July 2015). Five large (n = 60 samples) and five small (n = 64 samples) slaughterhouses were sampled over a period of four to six visits each. Meat rinsate was prepared and plated onto MacConkey agar, and presumptive E. coli colonies were enumerated and reported as CFU per milliliter of rinsate. In total, 2,736 presumptive E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic drug sensitivity by using breakpoint assays against 11 medically important antibiotics. E. coli was recovered from almost all the samples (96.8%), with counts ranging from 2 to 4 log CFU ml-1, and there was no significant difference (P = 0.43) in recovery according to facility size (average, 3.37 versus 3.13 log CFU ml-1, large and small, respectively). Samples from large facilities had relatively higher prevalence (P = 0.026) of antibiotic-resistant E. coli compared with small facilities. This was mostly explained by more ampicillin (30.1 versus 12.8%) and amoxicillin (17.6 versus 4.5%) resistance for large versus small facilities, respectively, and more tetracycline resistance for small facilities (5.6 versus 10.6%, respectively). Large slaughter operations may serve as foci for dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria via food products. More effective hygiene practices during slaughter and meat handling would limit the probability of transmitting antibiotic-resistant E. coli in goat meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary Mwanyika
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Douglas R Call
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Benardether Rugumisa
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Luanda
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Rehema Murutu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Joram Buza
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
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11
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Dinos GP, Athanassopoulos CM, Missiri DA, Giannopoulou PC, Vlachogiannis IA, Papadopoulos GE, Papaioannou D, Kalpaxis DL. Chloramphenicol Derivatives as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents: Historic Problems and Current Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5020020. [PMID: 27271676 PMCID: PMC4929435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAM) is the D-threo isomer of a small molecule, consisting of a p-nitrobenzene ring connected to a dichloroacetyl tail through a 2-amino-1,3-propanediol moiety. CAM displays a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity by specifically inhibiting the bacterial protein synthesis. In certain but important cases, it also exhibits bactericidal activity, namely against the three most common causes of meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Resistance to CAM has been frequently reported and ascribed to a variety of mechanisms. However, the most important concerns that limit its clinical utility relate to side effects such as neurotoxicity and hematologic disorders. In this review, we present previous and current efforts to synthesize CAM derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. In addition, we highlight potentially broader roles of these derivatives in investigating the plasticity of the ribosomal catalytic center, the main target of CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Dionissia A Missiri
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Ioannis A Vlachogiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Georgios E Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, GR-41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios L Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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12
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Yuan D, Pan M, Zou Q, Chen C, Chen S, Xu A. The effect of antibiotic exposure on eicosanoid generation from arachidonic acid and gene expression in a primitive chordate, Branchiostoma belcheri. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:615-24. [PMID: 26288743 PMCID: PMC4536258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol treatment induced immunosuppression and severe tissue damage in amphioxus. KEGG clustering showed that chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in immunostimulation. Chloramphenicol treatment induced a ∼3-fold decrease of eicosanoid levels. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in a 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid levels. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid provide insights into the effect of chloramphenicol treatment.
Chloramphenicol (Chl) is an effective antimicrobial agent widely used in veterinary medicine and commonly used in fish. Its use is restricted in the clinic because of adverse effects on the immune system and oxidative stress in mammals. However, the effects of Chl treatment on invertebrates remain unclear. Amphioxus, a basal chordate, is an ideal model to study the origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system as it has a primary vertebrate-like arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic system. Here, we combined transcriptomic and lipidomic approaches to investigate the immune system and observe the oxygenated metabolites of AA to address the antibiotic effects on amphioxus. Tissue necrosis of the gill slits occurred in the Chl-treated amphioxus, but fewer epithelial cells were lost when treated with both Chl and ampicillin (Amp). The immune related pathways were dysregulated in both of the antibiotic treatment groups. The Chl alone treatment resulted in immunosuppression with down-regulation of the innate immune genes. In contrast, the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in immunostimulation to some extent, as shown by KEGG clustering. Furthermore, Chl induced a 3-fold reduction in the level of the eicosanoids, while the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid level. Thus in amphioxus, Amp might relieve the effects of the Chl-induced immune suppression and increase the level of eicosanoids from AA. Finally, the oxygenated metabolites from AA might be crucial to evaluate the effects of Chl treatment in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China ; Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Minming Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Qiuqiong Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Anlong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China ; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Kostopoulou ON, Magoulas GE, Papadopoulos GE, Mouzaki A, Dinos GP, Papaioannou D, Kalpaxis DL. Synthesis and evaluation of chloramphenicol homodimers: molecular target, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity against human cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134526. [PMID: 26267355 PMCID: PMC4533973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As fight against antibiotic resistance must be strengthened, improving old drugs that have fallen in reduced clinical use because of toxic side effects and/or frequently reported resistance, like chloramphenicol (CAM), is of special interest. Chloramphenicol (CAM), a prototypical wide-spectrum antibiotic has been shown to obstruct protein synthesis via binding to the bacterial ribosome. In this study we sought to identify features intensifying the bacteriostatic action of CAM. Accordingly, we synthesized a series of CAM-dimers with various linker lengths and functionalities and compared their efficiency in inhibiting peptide-bond formation in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. Several CAM-dimers exhibited higher activity, when compared to CAM. The most potent of them, compound 5, containing two CAM bases conjugated via a dicarboxyl aromatic linker of six successive carbon-bonds, was found to simultaneously bind both the ribosomal catalytic center and the exit-tunnel, thus revealing a second, kinetically cryptic binding site for CAM. Compared to CAM, compound 5 exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against MRSA or wild-type strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and E. coli, but intriguingly superior activity against some CAM-resistant E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Furthermore, it was almost twice as active in inhibiting the growth of T-leukemic cells, without affecting the viability of normal human lymphocytes. The observed effects were rationalized by footprinting tests, crosslinking analysis, and MD-simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George E. Magoulas
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios E. Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P. Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitrios L. Kalpaxis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Ohnishi S, Murata M, Ida N, Oikawa S, Kawanishi S. Oxidative DNA damage induced by metabolites of chloramphenicol, an antibiotic drug. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1165-72. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li CH, Cheng YW, Liao PL, Yang YT, Kang JJ. Chloramphenicol causes mitochondrial stress, decreases ATP biosynthesis, induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression, and solid-tumor cell invasion. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:140-50. [PMID: 20338993 PMCID: PMC2886854 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Overuse and abuse of antibiotics can increase the risk of cancer. Chloramphenicol can inhibit both bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis, causing mitochondrial stress and decreased ATP biosynthesis. Chloramphenicol can accelerate cancer progression; however, the underlying mechanisms of chloramphenicol in carcinogenesis and cancer progression are still unclear. We found that chloramphenicol can induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and increase MMP-13 protein in conditioned medium, resulting in an increase in cancer cell invasion. Chloramphenicol also activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt signaling, leading to c-Jun protein phosphorylation. The activated c-Jun protein has been proven to activate binding to the MMP-13 promoter and also upregulate the amount of MMP-13. Both the SP 600125 (JNK inhibitor) and LY 294002 (PI-3K/Akt inhibitor) can inhibit chloramphenicol-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, MMP-13 expression, and cell invasion. Overexpression of the dominant-negative JNK and PI-3K p85 subunit also negate chloramphenicol-induced responses. Other antibiotics that cause mitochondrial stress and a decrease in ATP biosynthesis also induce MMP-13 expression. These findings suggest that chloramphenicol-induced PI-3K/Akt, JNK phosphorylation, and activator protein 1 activation might function as a novel mitochondrial stress signal that result in an increase of MMP-13 expression and MMP-13-associated cancer cell invasion. The findings of this study confirms that chloramphenicol, and other 70S ribosomal inhibitors, should be administered with caution, especially during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hao Li
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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