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Rodrigues L, Da Cruz Paula A, Soares P, Vinagre J. Unraveling the Significance of DGCR8 and miRNAs in Thyroid Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 38607000 PMCID: PMC11011343 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as negative regulators for protein-coding gene expression impacting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in cancer and constitute classes of blood-based biomarkers useful for cancer detection and prognosis definition. In thyroid cancer (TC), the miRNA biogenesis pathway plays a pivotal role in thyroid gland formation, ensuring proper follicle development and hormone production. Several alterations in the miRNA biogenesis genes are reported as a causality for miRNA dysregulation. Mutations in microprocessor component genes are linked to an increased risk of developing TC; in particular, a recurrent mutation affecting DGCR8, the E518K. In this review, we explore these novel findings and resume the current state-of-the-art in miRNAs in thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Gómez-Cabello D, Pappas G, Aguilar-Morante D, Dinant C, Bartek J. CtIP-dependent nascent RNA expression flanking DNA breaks guides the choice of DNA repair pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5303. [PMID: 36085345 PMCID: PMC9463442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA world is changing our views about sensing and resolution of DNA damage. Here, we develop single-molecule DNA/RNA analysis approaches to visualize how nascent RNA facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is crucial for DSB resolution in human cells. DSB-flanking, RNAPII-generated nascent RNA forms RNA:DNA hybrids, guiding the upstream DNA repair steps towards favouring the error-free Homologous Recombination (HR) pathway over Non-Homologous End Joining. Specific RNAPII inhibitor, THZ1, impairs recruitment of essential HR proteins to DSBs, implicating nascent RNA in DNA end resection, initiation and execution of HR repair. We further propose that resection factor CtIP interacts with and helps re-activate RNAPII when paused by the RNA:DNA hybrids, collectively promoting faithful repair of chromosome breaks to maintain genomic integrity. RNA has been implicated in DNA repair. This work shows that the interplay of RNAPII-generated nascent RNA, RNA:DNA hybrids and the resection factor CtIP guide DNA double strand break repair pathway choice towards error-free homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - George Pappas
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Christoffel Dinant
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark. .,Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Scheele's vag 2, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
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3
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López‐Antona I, Contreras‐Jurado C, Luque‐Martín L, Carpintero‐Leyva A, González‐Méndez P, Palmero I. Dynamic regulation of myofibroblast phenotype in cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13580. [PMID: 35266275 PMCID: PMC9009235 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an antiproliferative response with a critical role in the control of cellular balance in diverse physiological and pathological settings. Here, we set to study the impact of senescence on the regulation of cell plasticity, focusing on the regulation of the myofibroblastic phenotype in primary fibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are contractile, highly fibrogenic cells with key roles in wound healing and fibrosis. Using cellular models of fibroblast senescence, we find a consistent loss of myofibroblastic markers and functional features upon senescence implementation. This phenotype can be transmitted in a paracrine manner, most likely through soluble secreted factors. A dynamic transcriptomic analysis during paracrine senescence confirmed the non-cell-autonomous transmission of this phenotype. Moreover, gene expression data combined with pharmacological and genetic manipulations of the major SASP signaling pathways suggest that the changes in myofibroblast phenotype are mainly mediated by the Notch/TGF-β axis, involving a dynamic switch in the TGF-β pathway. Our results reveal a novel link between senescence and myofibroblastic differentiation with potential implications in the physiological and pathological functions of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López‐Antona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | | | - Laura Luque‐Martín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” CSIC Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
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4
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Non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DNA double-strand break repair signaling and tumor radioresistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4033. [PMID: 34188037 PMCID: PMC8242032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), repair proteins are recruited to the damaged sites. Ubiquitin signaling plays a critical role in coordinating protein recruitment during the DNA damage response. Here, we find that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 promotes tumor resistance to X-ray radiation independently of its Drosha-binding ability. Upon radiation, the kinase ATM and the deubiquitinase USP51 mediate the activation and stabilization of DGCR8 through phosphorylation and deubiquitination. Specifically, radiation-induced ATM-dependent phosphorylation of DGCR8 at serine 677 facilitates USP51 to bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize DGCR8, which leads to the recruitment of DGCR8 and DGCR8’s binding partner RNF168 to MDC1 and RNF8 at DSBs. This, in turn, promotes ubiquitination of histone H2A, repair of DSBs, and radioresistance. Altogether, these findings reveal the non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DSB repair and suggest that radiation treatment may result in therapy-induced tumor radioresistance through ATM- and USP51-mediated activation and upregulation of DGCR8. The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance need to be elucidated. In this study, the authors show that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 is stabilized by USP51 and ATM upon irradiation and by consequence it promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and radioresistance by recruiting RNF168 to sites of damage.
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5
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Dantas A, Al Shueili B, Yang Y, Nabbi A, Fink D, Riabowol K. Biological Functions of the ING Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1817. [PMID: 31752342 PMCID: PMC6896041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins belonging to the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins serve as epigenetic readers of the H3K4Me3 histone mark of active gene transcription and target histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein complexes, in order to alter local chromatin structure. These multidomain adaptor proteins interact with numerous other proteins to facilitate their localization and the regulation of numerous biochemical pathways that impinge upon biological functions. Knockout of some of the ING genes in murine models by various groups has verified their status as tumor suppressors, with ING1 knockout resulting in the formation of large clear-cell B-lymphomas and ING2 knockout increasing the frequency of ameloblastomas, among other phenotypic effects. ING4 knockout strongly affects innate immunity and angiogenesis, and INGs1, ING2, and ING4 have been reported to affect apoptosis in different cellular models. Although ING3 and ING5 knockouts have yet to be published, preliminary reports indicate that ING3 knockout results in embryonic lethality and that ING5 knockout may have postpartum effects on stem cell maintenance. In this review, we compile the known information on the domains of the INGs and the effects of altering ING protein expression, to better understand the functions of this adaptor protein family and its possible uses for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dantas
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, 374 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.D.); (B.A.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Buthaina Al Shueili
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, 374 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.D.); (B.A.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, 374 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.D.); (B.A.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Arash Nabbi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Dieter Fink
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, 374 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.D.); (B.A.S.); (Y.Y.)
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6
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De Lope C, Martín-Alonso S, Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Escudero C, Mulet I, Larrasa-Alonso J, López-Antona I, Matheu A, Palmero I. SIX1 represses senescence and promotes SOX2-mediated cellular plasticity during tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1412. [PMID: 30723235 PMCID: PMC6363751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Six1 is a developmental transcriptional regulator frequently overexpressed in human tumors. Recent results show that SIX1 also acts as a repressor of cell senescence, an antiproliferative response with a key role in tumor suppression, among other physiological and pathological settings. Here, we set to study the impact of SIX1 gain of function in transformation and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts, in connection with senescence. Using transcriptomic, histological, and functional analyses in murine tumors and cells of fibroblast origin, we show that SIX1 has a strong pro-tumorigenic action in this model, linked to the repression of a senescence-related gene signature and the induction of an undifferentiated phenotype mediated, at least in part, by the regulation of the stemness factor Sox2. Moreover, functional analyses with human glioma cell lines also show that SIX1 controls SOX2 expression, senescence and self-renewal in this model. Collectively, our results support a general link of SIX1 with senescence and SOX2-mediated cell plasticity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Lope
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Martín-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Escudero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mulet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Larrasa-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene López-Antona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, and CIBERfes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Regulat-INGs in tumors and diseases: Focus on ncRNAs. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:66-74. [PMID: 30673590 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ING family genes (Inhibitor of Growth) are tumor suppressor genes that play a vital role in cell homeostasis. It has been shown that their expression is lost or diminished in many cancers and other diseases. The main mechanisms by which they are regulated in oncogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. The involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well established. miRNAs are short sequences (18-25 nucleotides) that can bind to the 3 'UTR sequence of the targeted messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to its degradation or translational repression. Interactions between the ING family and miRNAs have been described in some cancers but also in other diseases. The involvement of miRNAs in ING family regulation opens up new fields of investigation, particularly for targeted therapies. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory mechanisms at the RNA and protein level of the ING family and focus on the interactions with ncRNAs.
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8
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A Functional Role for the Epigenetic Regulator ING1 in Activity-induced Gene Expression in Primary Cortical Neurons. Neuroscience 2017; 369:248-260. [PMID: 29158107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of activity-induced gene expression involves multiple levels of molecular interaction, including histone and DNA modifications, as well as mechanisms of DNA repair. Here we demonstrate that the genome-wide deposition of inhibitor of growth family member 1 (ING1), which is a central epigenetic regulatory protein, is dynamically regulated in response to activity in primary cortical neurons. ING1 knockdown leads to decreased expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity, including the regulatory subunit of calcineurin, Ppp3r1. In addition, ING1 binding at a site upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of Ppp3r1 depends on yet another group of neuroepigenetic regulatory proteins, the Piwi-like family, which are also involved in DNA repair. These findings provide new insight into a novel mode of activity-induced gene expression, which involves the interaction between different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms traditionally associated with gene repression and DNA repair.
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9
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MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2398696. [PMID: 28593022 PMCID: PMC5448073 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2398696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-related process of functional deterioration at cellular, tissue, organelle, and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest in response to cellular stress, is believed to be the driver of the aging process and age-related disorders. The free radical theory of aging, referred to as oxidative stress (OS) theory below, is one of the most studied aging promoting mechanisms. In addition, genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of aging and aging-related diseases. Among various epigenetic events, microRNAs (miRNAs) turned out to be important players in controlling OS, aging, and cellular senescence. miRNAs can generate rapid and reversible responses and, therefore, are ideal players for mediating an adaptive response against stress through their capacity to fine-tune gene expression. However, the importance of miRNAs in regulating OS in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of miRNAs in OS-induced cellular senescence.
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10
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Zhang R, Jin J, Shi J, Hou Y. INGs are potential drug targets for cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:189-197. [PMID: 27544390 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibitor of growth (ING) family consists of ING1, ING2, ING3, ING4 and ING5, which function as the type II tumor suppressors. INGs regulate cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, DNA repair, metastasis, and invasion by multiple pathways. In addition, INGs increase cancer cell sensitivity for chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while clinical observations show that INGs are frequently lost in some types of cancers. The aim of the study was to summarize the recent progress regarding INGs regulating tumor progression. METHODS The literatures of INGs regulating tumor progression were searched and assayed. RESULTS The regulating signaling pathways of ING1, ING2, ING3 or ING4 on tumor progression were shown. The mechanisms of INGs on tumor suppression were also assayed. CONCLUSIONS This review better summarized the signaling mechanism of INGs on tumor suppression, which provides a candidate therapy strategy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Fardmanesh H, Shekari M, Movafagh A, Alizadeh Shargh S, Poursadegh Zonouzi AA, Shakerizadeh S, Poursadegh Zonouzi A, Hosseinzadeh A. Upregulation of the double-stranded RNA binding protein DGCR8 in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Gene 2016; 581:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Wan RP, Zhou LT, Yang HX, Zhou YT, Ye SH, Zhao QH, Gao MM, Liao WP, Yi YH, Long YS. Involvement of FMRP in Primary MicroRNA Processing via Enhancing Drosha Translation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2585-2594. [PMID: 26993298 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), associated with fragile X syndrome, is known as an RNA-binding protein to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level in the brain. FMRP is also involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis during the process of precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) into mature miRNA. However, there is no description of the effect of FMRP on primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) processing. Here, we uncover a novel role of FMRP in pri-miRNA processing via controlling Drosha translation. We show that the expression of DROSHA protein, instead of its messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, is downregulated in both the hippocampus of Fmr1-knockout mice and the FMRP-knockdown Neuro-2a cells. Overexpression or knockdown FMRP does not alter Drosha mRNA stability. Immunoprecipitation and polysome analyses demonstrate that FMRP binds to the Drosha mRNA and enhances its translation. Additionally, we show that loss of FMRP in Fmr1-deficient mice results in the accumulation of three in six analyzed pri-miRNAs and the reduction of the corresponding pre-miRNAs and mature miRNAs. Thus, our data suggest that FMRP is involved in pri-miRNA processing via enhancing DROSHA expression that may play an important role in fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ping Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hai-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yong-Ting Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shun-Hua Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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13
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Esmaeili M, Jennek S, Ludwig S, Klitzsch A, Kraft F, Melle C, Baniahmad A. The tumor suppressor ING1b is a novel corepressor for the androgen receptor and induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:207-20. [PMID: 26993046 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical for prostate cancer (PCa) progression to the castration-resistant stage with poor clinical outcome. Altered function of AR-interacting factors may contribute to castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa). Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) is a tumor suppressor that regulates various cellular processes including cell proliferation. Interestingly, ING1 expression is upregulated in senescent primary human prostate cells; however, its role in AR signaling in PCa was unknown. Using a proteomic approach by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) combined with immunological techniques, we provide here evidence that ING1b interacts in vivo with the AR. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro GST-pull-down, and quantitative intracellular colocalization analyses. Functionally, ING1b inhibits AR-responsive promoters and endogenous key AR target genes in the human PCa LNCaP cells. Conversely, ING1b knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit enhanced AR activity, suggesting that the interaction with ING1b represses the AR-mediated transcription. Also, data suggest that ING1b expression is downregulated in CRPCa cells compared with androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Interestingly, its ectopic expression induces cellular senescence and reduces cell migration in both androgen-dependent and CRPCa cells. Intriguingly, ING1b can also inhibit androgen-induced growth in LNCaP cells in a similar manner as AR antagonists. Moreover, ING1b upregulates different cell cycle inhibitors including p27(KIP1), which is a novel target for ING1b. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel corepressor function of ING1b on various AR functions, thereby inhibiting PCa cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Esmaeili
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Jennek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Susann Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Melle
- Biomolecular Photonics Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Aguilar-Morante D, Morales-Garcia JA, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β induces motility and invasion of glioblastoma cells through transcriptional regulation of the calcium binding protein S100A4. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4369-84. [PMID: 25738360 PMCID: PMC4414196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that decreased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) inhibits the growth of glioblastoma cells and diminishes their transformation capacity and migration. In agreement with this, we showed that C/EBPβ depletion decreases the mRNA levels of different genes involved in metastasis and invasion. Among these, we found S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) to be almost undetectable in glioblastoma cells deficient in C/EBPβ. Here, we have evaluated the possible role of S100A4 in the observed effects of C/EBPβ in glioblastoma cells and the mechanism through which S100A4 levels are controlled by C/EBPβ. Our results show that C/EBPβ suppression significantly reduced the levels of S100A4 in murine GL261 and human T98G glioblastoma cells. By employing an S100A4-promoter reporter, we observed a significant induction in the transcriptional activation of the S100A4 gene by C/EBPβ. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A4 in C/EBPβ-depleted glioblastoma cells reverses the enhanced migration and motility induced by this transcription factor. Our data also point to a role of S100A4 in glioblastoma cell invasion and suggest that the C/EBPβ gene controls the invasive potential of GL261 and T98G cells through direct regulation of S100A4. Finally, this study indicates a role of C/EBPβ on the maintenance of the stem cell population present in GL261 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Modelos Experimentales de Enfermedades Humanas, Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose A Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Modelos Experimentales de Enfermedades Humanas, Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Modelos Experimentales de Enfermedades Humanas, Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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15
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Adrados I, Larrasa-Alonso J, Galarreta A, López-Antona I, Menéndez C, Abad M, Gil J, Moreno-Bueno G, Palmero I. The homeoprotein SIX1 controls cellular senescence through the regulation of p16INK4A and differentiation-related genes. Oncogene 2015; 35:3485-94. [PMID: 26500063 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an antiproliferative response with essential functions in tumor suppression and tissue homeostasis. Here we show that SIX1, a member of the SIX family of homeobox transcriptional factors, is a novel repressor of senescence. Our data show that SIX1 is specifically downregulated in fibroblasts upon oncogenic stress and other pro-senescence stimuli, as well as in senescent skin premalignant lesions. Silencing of SIX1 in human fibroblasts suffices to trigger senescence, which is mediated by p16INK4A and lacks a canonical senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Interestingly, SIX1-associated senescence is further characterized by the expression of a set of development and differentiation-related genes that significantly overlap with genes associated with SIX1 in organogenesis or human tumors, and show coincident regulation in oncogene-induced senescence. Mechanistically, we show that gene regulation by SIX1 during senescence is mediated, at least in part, by cooperation with Polycomb repressive complexes. In summary, our results identify SIX1, a key development regulator altered in human tumors, as a critical repressor of cellular senescence, providing a novel connection between senescence, differentiation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Adrados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Larrasa-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Galarreta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - I López-Antona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Abad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - G Moreno-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, UAM, IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz) and Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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16
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LincRNA-p21 acts as a mediator of ING1b-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1668. [PMID: 25741593 PMCID: PMC4385912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ING1b is a tumor suppressor that affects transcription, cell cycle control and apoptosis. ING1b is deregulated in disease, and its activity is closely linked to that of p53. In addition to regulating protein-coding genes, we found that ING1b also influences the expression of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs). In particular, lincRNA-p21 was significantly induced after DNA-damage stress or by ING1b overexpression. Furthermore, lincRNA-p21 expression in response to DNA damage was significantly attenuated in cells lacking ING1b. LincRNA-p21 is also a target of p53 and can trigger apoptosis in mouse cell models. We found that this function of lincRNA-p21 is conserved in human cell models. Moreover, ING1b and p53 could function independently to influence lincRNA-p21 expression. However, their effects become more additive under conditions of stress. In particular, ING1b regulates lincRNA-p21 levels by binding to its promoter and is required for induction of lincRNA-p21 by p53. The ability of ING1b to cause apoptosis is also impaired in the absence of lincRNA-p21. Surprisingly, deletion of the ING1b plant homeodomain, which allows it to bind histones and regulate chromatin structure, did not alter regulation of lincRNA-p21. Our findings suggest that ING1b induces lincRNA-p21 expression independently of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation mark recognition and that lincRNA-p21 functions downstream of ING1b. Thus, regulation at the level of lincRNA-p21 may represent the point at which ING1b and p53 pathways converge to induce apoptosis under specific stress conditions.
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17
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Baril P, Ezzine S, Pichon C. Monitoring the spatiotemporal activities of miRNAs in small animal models using molecular imaging modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4947-72. [PMID: 25749473 PMCID: PMC4394458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding mRNA targets via sequence complementary inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. A current challenge in the field of miRNA biology is to understand the functionality of miRNAs under physiopathological conditions. Recent evidence indicates that miRNA expression is more complex than simple regulation at the transcriptional level. MiRNAs undergo complex post-transcriptional regulations such miRNA processing, editing, accumulation and re-cycling within P-bodies. They are dynamically regulated and have a well-orchestrated spatiotemporal localization pattern. Real-time and spatio-temporal analyses of miRNA expression are difficult to evaluate and often underestimated. Therefore, important information connecting miRNA expression and function can be lost. Conventional miRNA profiling methods such as Northern blot, real-time PCR, microarray, in situ hybridization and deep sequencing continue to contribute to our knowledge of miRNA biology. However, these methods can seldom shed light on the spatiotemporal organization and function of miRNAs in real-time. Non-invasive molecular imaging methods have the potential to address these issues and are thus attracting increasing attention. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of methods used to detect miRNAs and discusses their contribution in the emerging field of miRNA biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Safia Ezzine
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France.
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18
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Defining the minimal peptide sequence of the ING1b tumour suppressor capable of efficiently inducing apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15048. [PMID: 27551477 PMCID: PMC4979497 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ING1b protein is a type-II tumour suppressor and stoichiometric member of the Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein complex in which it acts to target HDAC activity to regulate chromatin structure. Altering ING1 levels by ectopic expression of ING1b in cancer cells promotes apoptosis, whereas altering levels by knockout in normal murine fibroblasts alters sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. We have identified a minimal region of ING1b capable of inducing levels of apoptosis in targeted cells as effectively as full-length ING1b, using transient overexpression of ING1b fragments followed by the Annexin V assay. We observed high levels of apoptosis in 14 of 14 cancer cell lines tested. Infecting triple-negative tumorigenic MDA-MB-468 breast cancer, U2OS or Saos-2 cells at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ranging from 10 to 20 rapidly triggered apoptosis in ~80% of infected cells within 48 h. This was not due to the effects of virus, as infection at the same MOI with a control adenovirus expressing GFP was not effective in inducing apoptosis. When used at low MOIs, the ING1b fragment showed a cell-killing efficacy that was higher than native, full-length ING1b. Using a doxycycline-regulated inducible p53 expression system demonstrated that apoptosis induced by the ING1b fragment was p53 independent. Given the growing importance of combination therapies, we evaluated whether there was synergism between the ING1b fragment and HDAC inhibitors. Combination treatments with TSA, LBH 589 and SAHA reduced cancer cell survival by 3.9–4.7-fold as compared with single-drug treatment, and resulted in ~90% reduction in cell survival. Normalized isobologram analysis confirmed strong synergism between the ING1b fragment and drugs tested. These findings provide support for using ING1b-derived therapeutics as adjuvant treatments in combination with existing epigenetic therapies.
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19
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Satpathy S, Guérillon C, Kim TS, Bigot N, Thakur S, Bonni S, Riabowol K, Pedeux R. SUMOylation of the ING1b tumor suppressor regulates gene transcription. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2214-23. [PMID: 24903338 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins are encoded as multiple isoforms in five ING genes (ING1 -5) and act as type II tumor suppressors. They are growth inhibitory when overexpressed and are frequently mislocalized or downregulated in several forms of cancer. ING1 and ING2 are stoichiometric members of histone deacetylase complexes, whereas ING3-5 are stoichiometric components of different histone acetyltransferase complexes. The INGs target these complexes to histone marks, thus acting as epigenetic regulators. ING proteins affect angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, metastasis and senescence, but how the proteins themselves are regulated is not yet clear. Here, we find a small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) of the ING1b protein and identify lysine 193 (K193) as the preferred ING1b SUMO acceptor site. We also show that PIAS4 is the E3 SUMO ligase responsible for ING1b SUMOylation on K193. Sequence alignment reveals that the SUMO consensus site on ING1b contains a phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation motif (PDSM) and our data indicate that the SUMOylation on K193 is enhanced by the S199D phosphomimic mutant. Using an ING1b protein mutated at the major SUMOylation site (ING1b E195A), we further demonstrate that ING1b SUMOylation regulates the binding of ING1b to the ISG15 and DGCR8 promoters, consequently regulating ISG15 and DGCR8 transcription. These results suggest a role for ING1b SUMOylation in the regulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada, Present address: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire Guérillon
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France, Université de Rennes 1, 350043 Rennes, France and
| | - Tae-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bigot
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France, Université de Rennes 1, 350043 Rennes, France and
| | - Satbir Thakur
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
| | - Shirin Bonni
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada,
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
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20
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Keep-ING balance: tumor suppression by epigenetic regulation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2728-42. [PMID: 24632289 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells accumulate genetic and epigenetic changes that alter gene expression to drive tumorigenesis. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor, cell cycle, differentiation and DNA repair genes contributes to neoplastic transformation. The ING (inhibitor of growth) proteins (ING1-ING5) have emerged as a versatile family of growth regulators, phospholipid effectors, histone mark sensors and core components of HDAC1/2 - and several HAT chromatin-modifying complexes. This review will describe the characteristic pathways by which ING family proteins differentially affect the Hallmarks of Cancer and highlight the various epigenetic mechanisms by which they regulate gene expression. Finally, we will discuss their potentials as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in epigenetic treatment strategies.
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21
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Human RNAi pathway: crosstalk with organelles and cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:31-46. [PMID: 24197738 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding gene regulation mechanisms has been a serious challenge in biology. As a novel mechanism, small non-coding RNAs are an alternative means of gene regulation in a specific and efficient manner. There are growing reports on regulatory roles of these RNAs including transcriptional gene silencing/activation and post-transcriptional gene silencing events. Also, there are several known small non-coding RNAs which all work through RNA interference pathway. Interestingly, these small RNAs are secreted from cells toward targeted cells presenting new communication approach in cell-cell or cell-organ signal transduction. In fact, understanding cellular and molecular basis of these pathways will strongly improve developing targeted therapies and potent and specific regulatory tools. This study will review some of the most recent findings in this subject and will introduce a super-pathway RNA interference-based small RNA silencing network.
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22
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Guérillon C, Larrieu D, Pedeux R. ING1 and ING2: multifaceted tumor suppressor genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3753-72. [PMID: 23412501 PMCID: PMC11113716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Growth 1 (ING1) was identified and characterized as a "candidate" tumor suppressor gene in 1996. Subsequently, four more genes, also characterized as "candidate" tumor suppressor genes, were identified by homology search: ING2, ING3, ING4, and ING5. The ING proteins are characterized by a high homology in their C-terminal domain, which contains a Nuclear Localization Sequence and a Plant HomeoDomain (PHD), which has a high affinity to Histone 3 tri-methylated on lysine 4 (H3K4Me3). The ING proteins have been involved in the control of cell growth, senescence, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Within the ING family, ING1 and ING2 form a subgroup since they are evolutionarily and functionally close. In yeast, only one gene, Pho23, is related to ING1 and ING2 and possesses also a PHD. Recently, the ING1 and ING2 tumor suppressor status has been fully established since several studies have described the loss of ING1 and ING2 protein expression in human tumors and both ING1 and ING2 knockout mice were reported to have spontaneously developed tumors, B cell lymphomas, and soft tissue sarcomas, respectively. In this review, we will describe for the first time what is known about the ING1 and ING2 genes, proteins, their regulations in both human and mice, and their status in human tumors. Furthermore, we explore the current knowledge about identified functions involving ING1 and ING2 in tumor suppression pathways especially in the control of cell cycle and in genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guérillon
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U917, Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Building 2, Room 117, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
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Gómez-Cabello D, Adrados I, Gamarra D, Kobayashi H, Takatsu Y, Takatsu K, Gil J, Palmero I. DGCR8-mediated disruption of miRNA biogenesis induces cellular senescence in primary fibroblasts. Aging Cell 2013; 12:923-31. [PMID: 23773483 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical for normal development and physiology. Conversely, miRNA function is frequently impaired in cancer, and other pathologies, either by aberrant expression of individual miRNAs or dysregulation of miRNA synthesis. Here, we have investigated the impact of global disruption of miRNA biogenesis in primary fibroblasts of human or murine origin, through the knockdown of DGCR8, an essential mediator of the synthesis of canonical miRNAs. We find that the inactivation of DGCR8 in these cells results in a dramatic antiproliferative response, with the acquisition of a senescent phenotype. Senescence triggered by DGCR8 loss is accompanied by the upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21CIP1. We further show that a subset of senescence-associated miRNAs with the potential to target p21CIP1 is downregulated during DGCR8-mediated senescence. Interestingly, the antiproliferative response to miRNA biogenesis disruption is retained in human tumor cells, irrespective of p53 status. In summary, our results show that defective synthesis of canonical microRNAs results in cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence in primary fibroblasts mediated by specific miRNAs, and thus identify global miRNA disruption as a novel senescence trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Adrados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - David Gamarra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
| | - Yoshihiro Takatsu
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Kyoko Takatsu
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Ignacio Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ CSIC-UAM; Madrid; Spain
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ING4 regulates a secretory phenotype in primary fibroblasts with dual effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncogene 2013; 33:1945-53. [PMID: 23604125 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ING proteins have an essential role in the control of a variety of cellular functions whose deregulation is associated with tumor formation and dissemination, such as proliferation, apoptosis, senescence or invasion. Accordingly, loss of function of ING proteins is a frequent event in many types of human tumors. In this report, we have studied the function of ING4, a member of the ING family of tumor suppressors, in the context of normal, non-transformed primary fibroblasts. We show that ING4 negatively regulates cell proliferation in this cell type. The antiproliferative action of ING4 requires its ability to recognize chromatin marks, it is p53-dependent at least in part, and it is lost in an ING4 cancer-associated mutant. Gene expression analysis shows that ING4 regulates the expression and release of soluble factors of the chemokine family. The secretory phenotype regulated by ING4 in primary fibroblasts displays a selective paracrine effect on proliferation, fostering the division of tumor cells, while inhibiting division in primary fibroblasts. Consistently, ING4-expressing fibroblasts promoted tumor growth in vivo in co-injection tumorigenesis assays. Collectively, our results show that ING4 not only can regulate the proliferation of primary non-transformed human fibroblasts, but also orchestrates a secretory phenotype in these cells that promotes tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These findings support a critical role for ING4 expression in normal cells in the non-cell-autonomous regulation of tumor growth.
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25
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Chen J, Tran UM, Rajarajacholan U, Thalappilly S, Riabowol K. ING1b-inducible microRNA203 inhibits cell proliferation. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1143-8. [PMID: 23462723 PMCID: PMC3619068 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ING family of type II tumour suppressors serve as both epigenetic ‘readers' and target histone acetyl transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) ‘writers' of the epigenetic histone code. The ING1 protein has also been implicated in regulating microRNA (miRNA) levels. In this study, we identify a link between ING1b and the miRNA epigenetic network. Methods: Primary fibroblasts infected with adenoviruses expressing GFP control or GFP plus ING1b were examined for alterations in miRNA profiles using a miRNA PCR array. Additional experiments confirmed specificity and consequences of altered miRNA expression. Results: MicroRNAs miR-203, miR-375, miR-449b and miR-200c were increased by ING1b overexpression. Ectopic expression of miR-203 inhibited U2OS and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell growth, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest in U2OS cells as estimated by flow cytometry. Transfection with miR-203 inhibitor reversed the proliferation inhibition induced by ING1b in U2OS cells. CHIP assays showed that ING1b bound to the promoter of miR-203. Western blot analyses showed that CDK6, c-Abl and Src were downregulated by the transfection of miR-203. Conclusion: These results indicate that ING1b epigenetically regulates several miRNAs including miR-203. The several-fold increase in miR-203 by ING1b might inhibit cancer cell proliferation through coordinate downregulation of CDK6, c-Abl and Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) acts at early steps of multiple DNA repair pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:117-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wang K, Li LP, Guo QX, Miao RZ, Cheng L, Jing CQ, Wang JS. Identification and functional analysis of a miR-622 eukaryotic expression vector targeting the ING1 gene in human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2810-2815. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i27.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the function of miR-622 in human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 by constructing a miR-622 eukaryotic expression vector targeting the ING1 gene and to explore the potential role of miR-622 in gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS: A recombinant plasmid carrying miR-622 (pSuper/miR-622) was transfected into MKN-45 cells using lipofectin-mediated method. Cells stably expressing miR-622 were selected using G418. MKN-45 cells untransfected and those transfected with empty pSuper plasmid were used as controls. The expression levels of miR-622 were detected by TaqMan real-time PCR in stably transfected MKN-45 cells, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of ING1 protein.
RESULTS: Compared to untransfected MKN-45 cells, the expression of ING1 protein showed an average 4.63-fold decrease (1.83 ± 0.86 vs 8.47 ± 1.43, P < 0.05). MKN-45 cells tranfected with pSuper/miR-622 showed higher cell growth activity than control cells (P < 0.05). Over-expression of miR-622 in MKN-45 cells promoted cell cycle progression (G0/G1 phase: 21.45 ± 0.16 vs 48.21 ± 0.34; G2 / M phase: 53.67 ± 0.41 vs 20.27 ±0.18) compared to cells transfected with pSuper empty vector.
CONCLUSION: A MiR-622 eukaryotic expression vector that can stably express miR-622 in MKN-45 cells has been successfully constructed and can be used to study the functions of miR-622 in human gastric cancer.
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Abad M, Moreno A, Palacios A, Narita M, Blanco F, Moreno-Bueno G, Narita M, Palmero I. The tumor suppressor ING1 contributes to epigenetic control of cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2011; 10:158-71. [PMID: 21078114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an effective tumor-suppressive mechanism that causes a stable proliferative arrest in cells with potentially oncogenic alterations. Here, we have investigated the role of the p33ING1 tumor suppressor in the regulation of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts. We show that p33ING1 triggers a senescent phenotype in a p53-dependent fashion. Also, endogenous p33ING1 protein accumulates in chromatin in oncogene-senescent fibroblasts and its silencing by RNA interference impairs senescence triggered by oncogenes. Notably, the ability to induce senescence is lost in a mutant version of p33ING1 present in human tumors. Using specific point mutants, we further show that recognition of the chromatin mark H3K4me3 is essential for induction of senescence by p33ING1. Finally, we demonstrate that ING1-induced senescence is associated to a specific genetic signature with a strong representation of chemokine and cytokine signaling factors, which significantly overlaps with that of oncogene-induced senescence. In summary, our results identify ING1 as a critical epigenetic regulator of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts and highlight its role in control of gene expression in the context of this tumor-protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Abad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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