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Hey S, Linder S. Matrix metalloproteinases at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261898. [PMID: 38236162 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases that belong to the group of endopeptidases or matrixins. They are able to cleave a plethora of substrates, including components of the extracellular matrix and cell-surface-associated proteins, as well as intracellular targets. Accordingly, MMPs play key roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue homeostasis and cancer cell invasion. MMP activity is exquisitely regulated at several levels, including pro-domain removal, association with inhibitors, intracellular trafficking and transport via extracellular vesicles. Moreover, the regulation of MMP activity is currently being rediscovered for the development of respective therapies for the treatment of cancer, as well as infectious, inflammatory and neurological diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present an overview of the current knowledge regarding the regulation of MMP activity, the intra- and extra-cellular trafficking pathways of these enzymes and their diverse groups of target proteins, as well as their impact on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hey
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Singh P, Ramanathan V, Zhang Y, Georgakoudi I, Jay DG. Extracellular Hsp90 Binds to and Aligns Collagen-1 to Enhance Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5237. [PMID: 37958410 PMCID: PMC10648158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-secreted eHsp90 binds and activates proteins in the tumor microenvironment crucial in cancer invasion. Therefore, targeting eHsp90 could inhibit invasion, preventing metastasis-the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Previous eHsp90 studies have solely focused on its role in cancer invasion through the 2D basement membrane (BM), a form of extracellular matrix (ECM) that lines the epithelial compartment. However, its role in cancer invasion through the 3D Interstitial Matrix (IM), an ECM beyond the BM, remains unexplored. Using a Collagen-1 binding assay and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, we demonstrate that eHsp90 directly binds and aligns Collagen-1 fibers, the primary component of IM. Furthermore, we show that eHsp90 enhances Collagen-1 invasion of breast cancer cells in the Transwell assay. Using Hsp90 conformation mutants and inhibitors, we established that the Hsp90 dimer binds to Collagen-1 via its N-domain. We also demonstrated that while Collagen-1 binding and alignment are not influenced by Hsp90's ATPase activity attributed to the N-domain, its open conformation is crucial for increasing Collagen-1 alignment and promoting breast cancer cell invasion. These findings unveil a novel role for eHsp90 in invasion through the IM and offer valuable mechanistic insights into potential therapeutic approaches for inhibiting Hsp90 to suppress invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (P.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Varshini Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (V.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (V.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (P.S.); (I.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (V.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Daniel G. Jay
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (P.S.); (I.G.)
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Linder S, Cervero P, Eddy R, Condeelis J. Mechanisms and roles of podosomes and invadopodia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:86-106. [PMID: 36104625 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix or across tissue boundaries and endothelial barriers occurs in both physiological and pathological scenarios such as immune surveillance or cancer metastasis. Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively called 'invadosomes', are actin-based structures that drive the proteolytic invasion of cells, by forming highly regulated platforms for the localized release of lytic enzymes that degrade the matrix. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy techniques, in vivo imaging and high-throughput analyses have led to considerable progress in understanding mechanisms of invadosomes, revealing the intricate inner architecture of these structures, as well as their growing repertoire of functions that extends well beyond matrix degradation. In this Review, we discuss the known functions, architecture and regulatory mechanisms of podosomes and invadopodia. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of localized actin turnover and microtubule-based cargo delivery, with a special focus on matrix-lytic enzymes that enable proteolytic invasion. Finally, we point out topics that should become important in the invadosome field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eddy
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Augoff K, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Tabola R, Stach K. MMP9: A Tough Target for Targeted Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071847. [PMID: 35406619 PMCID: PMC8998077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Having the capability to proteolyze diverse structural and signaling proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), one of the best-studied secretory endopeptidases, has been identified as a crucial mediator of processes closely associated with tumorigenesis, such as the extracellular matrix reorganization, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration, new blood vessel formation, and immune response. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on MMP9 and its role in cancer growth in the context of cell adhesion/migration, cancer-related inflammation, and tumor microenvironment formation. We also summarize recent achievements in the development of selective MMP9 inhibitors and the limitations of using them as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Renata Tabola
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamilla Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Wang M, Hu J, Qu J, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li H, Cui X, Zhang F, Hu MY, Li J, Hu Y. The Therapeutic Roles of Recombinant Hsp90α on Cornea Epithelial Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:30. [PMID: 35201262 PMCID: PMC8883155 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in wound healing of injury cornea epithelium. Methods The right eye of C57BL/6N male mice were performed the debridement wounds in the center of the cornea using an algerbrush II blade. The injured area was determined by staining the cornea with fluorescein sodium and measured with image-J. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunochemistry were used for determining protein expression. The quantitation PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression. Results Hsp90α is upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, and is secreted extracellularly into the corneal stroma and tear film during the healing process after corneal injury in mice. This upregulation is associated with activation of HSF1. Administration of recombinant exogenous Hsp90α (eHsp90α) speeds up wound healing of injured corneal epithelium. The eHsp90α binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related protein-1 (LRP-1) on the corneal epithelial cells and increases phosphorylation of AKT at S473, which is associated with proliferation and migration corneal epithelial cells in vitro or vivo. Inhibition of AKT by its inhibitor LY294002 abolishes eHsp90α-induced migration and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells. Conclusions Hsp90α is upregulated and secreted after corneal injury and acts to promote the healing process. Recombinant Hsp90α may be a promising therapeutic drug candidate for corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jialin Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junwei Qu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huili Huang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiukun Cui
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Yue Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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HSP90 as a regulator of extracellular matrix dynamics. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2611-2625. [PMID: 34913470 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and organised extracellular network assembled from proteins and carbohydrates exported from the cell. The ECM is critical for multicellular life, providing spatial and temporal cellular cues to maintain tissue homeostasis. Consequently, ECM production must be carefully balanced with turnover to ensure homeostasis; ECM dysfunction culminates in disease. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone central to protein homeostasis, including in the ECM. Intracellular and extracellular Hsp90 isoforms collaborate to regulate the levels and status of proteins in the ECM via multiple mechanisms. In so doing, Hsp90 regulates ECM dynamics, and changes in Hsp90 levels or activity support the development of ECM-related diseases, like cancer and fibrosis. Consequently, Hsp90 levels may have prognostic value, while inhibition of Hsp90 may have therapeutic potential in conditions characterised by ECM dysfunction.
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NPM-ALK: A Driver of Lymphoma Pathogenesis and a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010144. [PMID: 33466277 PMCID: PMC7795840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase associated with Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma (ALCL) through oncogenic translocations mainly NPM-ALK. Chemotherapy is effective in ALK(+) ALCL patients and induces remission rates of approximately 80%. The remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. Different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available but used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. The significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in pediatric ALCL patients. Some ALCL patients do not respond to the first generation TKI or develop an acquired resistance. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge. Abstract Initially discovered in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase is a tyrosine kinase which is affected in lymphomas by oncogenic translocations, mainly NPM-ALK. To date, chemotherapy remains a viable option in ALCL patients with ALK translocations as it leads to remission rates of approximately 80%. However, the remaining patients do not respond to chemotherapy and some patients have drug-resistant relapses. It is therefore crucial to identify new and better treatment options. Nowadays, different classes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are available and used exclusively for EML4-ALK (+) lung cancers. In fact, the significant toxicities of most ALK inhibitors explain the delay in their use in ALCL patients, who are predominantly children. Moreover, some ALCL patients do not respond to Crizotinib, the first generation TKI, or develop an acquired resistance months following an initial response. Combination therapy with ALK inhibitors in ALCL is the current challenge.
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Kumar P, Siripini S, Sreedhar AS. The matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) links Hsp90 chaperone with acquired drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 5:e1261. [PMID: 32761892 PMCID: PMC9780424 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer emergence is associated with a series of cellular transformations that include acquired drug resistance followed by tumor metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Hsp90 chaperone are implicated in tumor progression, however, they are not studied in the context of drug resistance. AIMS In the present study, we aimed at understanding the cross-talk between acquired drug resistance and tumor progression, linking MMP7 and Hsp90. METHODS AND RESULTS We have developed an in vitro model system for acquired drug resistance and studied the correlation between MMP7 and Hsp90. We demonstrate that enhanced drug efflux activity correlates with the induced expression and activity of MMP7, and enhanced metastatic potential of cells, however, in Hsp90-dependent manner. The MMP7 overexpression alone could enhance the drug efflux activity marginally, and metastasis significantly. However, challenging these cells with 17AAG has significantly increased the drug efflux activity and, in contrast, decreased the metastatic potential. Evaluating our in vitro findings in mice xenografts revealed that MMP7 overexpression facilitates altered homing properties. However, these cells, in response to 17AAG treatment, exhibited increased localized tumor growth but decreased tumor metastasis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a cross-talk between Hsp90 and MMP7 in regulating the acquired drug resistance and tumor progression. Our findings provide novel insights on targeting drug resistant-tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- CSIR‐Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Pai JT, Hsu CY, Hsieh YS, Tsai TY, Hua KT, Weng MS. Suppressing migration and invasion of H1299 lung cancer cells by honokiol through disrupting expression of an HDAC6-mediated matrix metalloproteinase 9. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1534-1545. [PMID: 32180962 PMCID: PMC7063368 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the crucial mechanism to cause high mortality in lung cancer. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteolytic enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a key process for promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, targeting MMPs might be a strategy for lung cancer metastasis suppression. Honokiol, a biological active component of Magnolia officinalis, has been indicated to suppress lung cancer tumorigenesis through epigenetic regulation. However, the regulation of MMPs‐mediated migration and invasion by honokiol through epigenetic regulation in lung cancer is still a mystery. In the present study, the migration and invasion ability of H1299 lung cancer was suppressed by noncytotoxic concentrations of honokiol treatment. The proteolytic activity of MMP‐9, rather than MMP‐2, was inhibited in honokiol‐treated H1299 cells. Honokiol‐inhibited MMP‐9 expression was through promoting MMP‐9 protein degradation rather than suppressing transcription mechanism. Furthermore, the expression of specific histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) substrate, acetyl‐α‐tubulin, was accumulated after honokiol incubation. The disassociation of MMP‐9 with hyper‐acetylated heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was observed resulting in MMP‐9 degradation after honokiol treatment. Meanwhile, honokiol‐suppressed MMP‐9 expression and invasion ability of H1299 lung cancer cells was rescued by HDAC6 overexpression. Accordingly, the results suggested that the suppression of migration and invasion activities by honokiol was through inhibiting HDAC6‐mediated Hsp90/MMP‐9 interaction and followed by MMP‐9 degradation in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Tung Pai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Tao-Yuan General Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutritional Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei city Taiwan
| | - Yei-San Hsieh
- Department of Chest Surgery Tao-Yuan General Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Department of Food Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shih Weng
- Department of Nutritional Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei city Taiwan
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Costa TEMM, Raghavendra NM, Penido C. Natural heat shock protein 90 inhibitors in cancer and inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112063. [PMID: 31972392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP)90 is the most abundant HSPs, which are chaperone molecules whose major roles are cell protection and maintenance by means of aiding the folding, the stabilization and the remodeling of a wide range of proteins. A few hundreds of proteins depend on HSP90 chaperone activity, including kinases and transcriptional factors that play essential roles in cancer and inflammation, so that HSP90-targeted therapies have been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory-associated diseases. HSP90 inhibition by natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds have yield promising results in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for different types of cancers and inflammation. Natural products are a huge source of biologically active compounds widely used in drug development due to the great diversity of their metabolites which are capable to modulate several protein functions. HSP90 inhibitors have been isolated from bacteria, fungi and vegetal species. These natural compounds have a noteworthy ability to modulate HSP90 activity as well as serve as scaffolds for the development of novel synthetic or semi-synthetic inhibitors. Over a hundred clinical trials have evaluated the effect of HSP90 inhibitors as adjuvant treatment against different types of tumors and, currently, new studies are being developed to gain sight on novel promising and more effective approaches for cancer treatment. In this review, we present the naturally occurring HSP90 inhibitors and analogues, discussing their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadeu E M M Costa
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560090, India.
| | - Carmen Penido
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Liang Z, Cao J, Tian L, Shen Y, Yang X, Lin Q, Zhang R, Liu H, Du X, Shi J, Zhang J. Aromatase-induced endogenous estrogen promotes tumour metastasis through estrogen receptor-α/matrix metalloproteinase 12 axis activation in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 467:72-84. [PMID: 31499120 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen deprivation therapy remains a major obstacle advanced prostate cancer management. Aromatase catalyzes estrogen from androgens, yet the role of aromatase-generated endogenous estrogen in CRPC is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the expression and function of aromatase in CRPC. We found that aromatase expression was significantly increased in CRPC tissues and cell lines. In some prostate cancer cell lines, aromatase was predominantly expressed in CD44+ subsets. Bicalutamide treatment significantly increased aromatase expression, and CYP19A1 expression positively correlated with estrogen responses and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Aromatase knockdown in PC3 cells reduced invasiveness and decreased metastasis-related gene expression. The aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, attenuated tumour metastasis in castrated PC3-xenograft mice. Mechanistically, aromatase-induced endogenous estrogen promoted estrogen receptor-α (ERα) binding to matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) promoter estrogen response element (ERE). MMP12 co-localized with CD44 on the cell membrane and MMP12 knockdown significantly reduced estradiol-induced PC3 invasion. Taken together, our findings indicated that increased endogenous estrogen, catalysed by elevated aromatase levels, enhanced MMP12 expression via ERα, participated in CRPC progression and promoted tumour metastasis. Thus, aromatase represents a potential novel therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiasong Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qimei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Shanghai First People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiandang Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Zhang X, Xing XX, Cui JF. Invadopodia formation: An important step in matrix stiffness-regulated tumor invasion and metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:589-597. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i9.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly motile and invasive abilities are symbolic features of metastatic tumor cells. Being a critical molecular event for maintaining the highly migratory and invasive capabilities of tumor cells, invadopodia formation undoubtedly determines the progression of tumor invasion and metastasis. Growing numbers of studies suggest that increased matrix stiffness, as a notable property of physical mechanics in solid tumors, participates in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis via different molecular mechanisms. However, to date the relevant mechanisms of matrix stiffness-induced invadopodia formation and activity in tumor cells remain largely unclear. This paper is to make a review on the structure and function of invadopodia, the stages and inductive factors of invadopodia formation, the regulatory mechanisms of matrix stiffness-induced invadopodia formation and so on, with an aim to reveal the important roles of invadopodia in matrix stiffness-regulated tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie-Feng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Snigireva AV, Vrublevskaya VV, Skarga YY, Morenkov OS. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are involved in the extracellular Hsp90-stimulated migration and invasion of cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:309-322. [PMID: 30659446 PMCID: PMC6439002 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is known to participate in cell migration and invasion. Recently, we have shown that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are involved in the binding and anchoring of extracellular Hsp90 to the plasma membrane, but the biological relevance of this finding was unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the digestion of heparan sulfate (HS) moieties of HSPGs with a heparinase I/III blend and the metabolic inhibition of the sulfation of HS chains by sodium chlorate considerably impair the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma A-172 and fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells stimulated by extracellular native Hsp90. Heparin, a polysaccharide closely related to HS, also reduced the Hsp90-stimulated migration and invasion of cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an intracellular inducer of cell motility bypassing the ligand activation of receptors, restored the basal migration of heparinase- and chlorate-treated cells almost to the control level, suggesting that the cell motility machinery was insignificantly affected in cells with degraded and undersulfated HS chains. On the other hand, the downstream phosphorylation of AKT in response to extracellular Hsp90 was substantially impaired in heparinase- and chlorate-treated cells as compared to untreated cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that cell surface HSPGs play an important role in the migration and invasion of cancer cells stimulated by extracellular Hsp90 and that plasma membrane-associated HSPGs are required for the efficient transmission of signal from extracellular Hsp90 into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Snigireva
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cell Engineering, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Veronika V Vrublevskaya
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cell Engineering, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Yuri Y Skarga
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cell Engineering, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Oleg S Morenkov
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cell Engineering, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
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15
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Ghosh A, Stuehr DJ. Hsp90 and Its Role in Heme-Maturation of Client Proteins: Implications for Human Diseases. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23158-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Snigireva AV, Vrublevskaya VV, Zhmurina MA, Skarga YY, Morenkov OS. The Mechanisms of Stimulation of Migration and Invasion of Tumor Cells by Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 90 (eHsp90) in vitro. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Cutaneous Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090123. [PMID: 28895885 PMCID: PMC5615338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms. As suggested by its name, ALK was first described as part of a translocation product in cases of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, with other genetic and cytogenetic ALK mutations subsequently coming to attention in the development of many other hematologic and solid organ malignancies. ALK has now been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous malignancies, including secondary cutaneous systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and primary cutaneous ALCL, melanoma, spitzoid tumors, epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. The characterization of ALK-positivity in these cutaneous malignancies presents exciting opportunities for utilizing ALK-targeted inhibitors in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Tumor Cell Invadopodia: Invasive Protrusions that Orchestrate Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:595-607. [PMID: 28412099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are a subset of invadosomes that are implicated in the integration of signals from the tumor microenvironment to support tumor cell invasion and dissemination. Recent progress has begun to define how tumor cells regulate the plasticity necessary for invadopodia to assemble and function efficiently in the different microenvironments encountered during dissemination in vivo. Exquisite mapping by many laboratories of the pathways involved in integrating diverse invadopodium initiation signals, from growth factors, to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell contact in the tumor microenvironment, has led to insight into the molecular basis of this plasticity. Here, we integrate this new information to discuss how the invadopodium is an important conductor that orchestrates tumor cell dissemination during metastasis.
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20
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Chang TT, Thakar D, Weaver VM. Force-dependent breaching of the basement membrane. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:178-189. [PMID: 28025167 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, non-invasive carcinomas are confined to the epithelial side of the basement membrane and are classified as benign, whereas invasive cancers invade through the basement membrane and thereby acquire the potential to metastasize. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to protease-mediated degradation and chemotaxis-stimulated migration, basement membrane invasion by malignant cells is significantly influenced by the stiffness of the associated interstitial extracellular matrix and the contractility of the tumor cells that is dictated in part by their oncogenic genotype. In this review, we highlight recent findings that illustrate unifying molecular mechanisms whereby these physical cues contribute to tissue fibrosis and malignancy in three epithelial organs: breast, pancreas, and liver. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings and the biological properties and clinical challenges linked to the unique biology of each of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Dhruv Thakar
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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21
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Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase: the ultimate oncogene and therapeutic target. Blood 2016; 129:823-831. [PMID: 27879258 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-717793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase physiologically expressed by fetal neural cells. However, aberrantly expressed ALK is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse malignancies, including distinct types of lymphoma, lung carcinoma, and neuroblastoma. The aberrant ALK expression in nonneural cells results from chromosomal translocations that create novel fusion proteins. These protein hybrids compose the proximal part of a partner gene, including its promoter region, and the distal part of ALK, including the coding sequence for the entire kinase domain. ALK was first identified in a subset of T-cell lymphomas with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) morphology (ALK+ ALCL), the vast majority of which harbor the well-characterized nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK fusion protein. NPM-ALK co-opts several intracellular signal transduction pathways, foremost being the STAT3 pathway, normally activated by cytokines from the interleukin-2 (IL-2) family to promote cell proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis. Many genes and proteins modulated by NPM-ALK are also involved in evasion of antitumor immune response, protection from hypoxia, angiogenesis, DNA repair, cell migration and invasiveness, and cell metabolism. In addition, NPM-ALK uses epigenetic silencing mechanisms to downregulate tumor suppressor genes to maintain its own expression. Importantly, NPM-ALK is capable of transforming primary human CD4+ T cells into immortalized cell lines indistinguishable from patient-derived ALK+ ALCL. Preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of NPM-ALK induces long-lasting complete remissions in a large subset of heavily pretreated adult patients and the vast majority of children with high-stage ALK+ ALCL. Combining ALK inhibition with other novel therapeutic modalities should prove even more effective.
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NPM-ALK phosphorylates WASp Y102 and contributes to oncogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:2085-2094. [PMID: 27694894 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms by which NPM-ALK signaling regulates cell migration, invasion and contributes to the oncogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are not completely understood. In an attempt to identify novel actin signaling pathways regulated by NPM-ALK, a comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis of ALCL cell lines was performed in the presence or absence of NPM-ALK activity. Numerous phosphoproteins involved in actin dynamics including Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) were regulated by NPM-ALK. Network analysis revealed that WASp is a central component of the NPM-ALK-dependent actin signaling pathway. Here we show that NPM-ALK phosphorylates WASp at its known activation site (Y290) as well as at a novel residue (Y102). Phosphorylation of WASp at Y102 negatively regulates its interaction with Wiskott-Aldrich interacting protein and decreases its protein stability. Phosphorylation of WASp at Y102 enhances anchorage-independent growth and tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model and enhances invasive properties of ALCL. We show that knock-down of WASp or expression of Y102F mutant of WASp decreases colony formation and in vivo tumor growth. Our results show that WASp is a novel substrate of ALK and has a critical role in regulating invasiveness and oncogenesis of ALCL.
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Di Martino J, Henriet E, Ezzoukhry Z, Goetz JG, Moreau V, Saltel F. The microenvironment controls invadosome plasticity. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1759-68. [PMID: 27029343 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Invadosomes is a term that includes podosomes and invadopodia, which decorate normal and tumour cells, respectively. They are mainly organised into dots or rosettes, and podosomes and invadopodia are often compared and contrasted. Various internal or external stimuli have been shown to induce their formation and/or activity. In this Commentary, we address the impact of the microenvironment and the role of matrix receptors on the formation, and dynamic and degradative activities of invadosomes. In particular, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of type I collagen fibrils in inducing the formation of a new linear organisation of invadosomes. We will also discuss invadosome plasticity more generally and emphasise its physio-pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Martino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Elodie Henriet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Zakaria Ezzoukhry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Frederic Saltel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly expressed chaperone that modulates the function and stability of hundreds of cellular client proteins. In this capacity, Hsp90 impacts human health in myriad ways and it is accordingly a high-interest molecular target in the oncology setting. This interest has led to a large number of clinical trials to evaluate the potential benefit of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer treatment and, more recently, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Although these studies are still ongoing, some issues have arisen, such as toxicity effects associated with administration of these agents. We and others have identified a novel role for Hsp90 outside of cancer cells. This extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) was shown to be critical for the regulation of tumor invasiveness and metastasis, central processes associated with cancer lethality. Since these initial papers, a considerable cohort of studies has expanded upon this role, implicating eHsp90 in the activation of a number of proteins that support tumor cell invasion. As eHsp90 is preferentially detected on the surface of tumor cells, and within their surrounding microenvironment, it is possible that drugs capable of selectively targeting eHsp90 may exploit this differential expression. This selectivity may, in turn, enable treatment regimens with reduced target-related toxicity. This review will focus on our current understanding of eHsp90, particularly in cancer, and we will discuss the relevance of eHsp90 as a biomarker for invasive cancer and its potential as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senh Wong
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Jay
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Hsp90 as a "Chaperone" of the Epigenome: Insights and Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 129:107-40. [PMID: 26916003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cellular functions of Hsp90 have historically been attributed to its ability to chaperone client proteins involved in signal transduction. Although numerous stimuli and the signaling cascades they activate contribute to cancer progression, many of these pathways ultimately require transcriptional effectors to elicit tumor-promoting effects. Despite this obvious connection, the majority of studies evaluating Hsp90 function in malignancy have focused upon its regulation of cytosolic client proteins, and particularly members of receptor and/or kinase families. However, in recent years, Hsp90 has emerged as a pivotal orchestrator of nuclear events. Discovery of an expanding repertoire of Hsp90 clients has illuminated a vital role for Hsp90 in overseeing nuclear events and influencing gene transcription. Hence, this chapter will cast a spotlight upon several regulatory themes involving Hsp90-dependent nuclear functions. Highlighted topics include a summary of chaperone-dependent regulation of key transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic effectors in malignancy, as well as a discussion of how the complex interplay among a subset of these TFs and epigenetic regulators may generate feed-forward loops that further support cancer progression. This chapter will also highlight less recognized indirect mechanisms whereby Hsp90-supported signaling may impinge upon epigenetic regulation. Finally, the relevance of these nuclear events is discussed within the framework of Hsp90's capacity to enable phenotypic variation and drug resistance. These newly acquired insights expanding our understanding of Hsp90 function support the collective notion that nuclear clients are major beneficiaries of Hsp90 action, and their impairment is likely responsible for many of the anticancer effects elicited by Hsp90-targeted approaches.
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26
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Bekki H, Kohashi K, Maekawa A, Yamada Y, Yamamoto H, Harimaya K, Hakozaki M, Nabeshima K, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Elevated expression of HSP90 and the antitumor effect of an HSP90 inhibitor via inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:804. [PMID: 26502919 PMCID: PMC4623920 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a heterogeneous tumor group, and little is known about molecular target therapy for UPS. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an expressed chaperone that refolds certain denatured proteins under stress conditions. One of these proteins is Akt. The disruption of Akt signaling plays an important role in tumor progression. The present study's purpose was to analyze the HSP90 expression, Akt/mTOR pathway activation and the correlation between HSP90 expression and its pathway activation in UPS. METHODS The status of HSP90 and the profiles of the Akt/ mTOR pathway were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 79 samples of UPS, and these data were compared with clinicopathological and histopathological findings. The expressions of indicated proteins were assessed by Western blotting in five frozen samples. After treating UPS cells with the HSP90 inhibitor, we assessed the antitumor effect of the inhibitor. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p-mTOR, p-S6RP and p-4EBP were positive in 57.3, 51.9, 54.5 and 57.1% of the UPS samples, respectively. The expressions of those phosphorylated proteins were correlated with each other. HSP90 expression was elevated in 56.4% of the samples and was correlated with p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6RP. The immunohistochemical results were confirmed by Western blotting. The HSP90 inhibitor led to decreased viability and invasiveness of the cells and inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro. CONCLUSION Elevated expression of HSP90 is a poor-prognosis factor and is involved in the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in UPS. HSP90 inhibition is a potential treatment option for UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Bekki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surger, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Yang M, Jiang C, Chen H, Nian Y, Bai Z, Ha C. The involvement of osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase- 9 in the migration of endometrial epithelial cells in patients with endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:95. [PMID: 26289107 PMCID: PMC4545920 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis, which shares certain characteristics with cancers, may cause abnormal expression of proteins involved in cell migration. Endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) are believed to play an important role in endometriotic migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in endometriotic migration. METHODS We performed primary culture of EECs and investigated the expression of OPN and MMP-9 in EECs regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2). OPN-specific siRNA interference was used to down-regulate OPN and to explore the corresponding change in MMP-9 expression. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression levels of OPN and MMP-9. Gelatin zymography was performed to observe the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 in conditioned media. Transwell and wound scratch assays were performed to investigate the migration ability of EECs. RESULTS The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 in normal EECs (NEECs) were inferior to those in EECs from patients with endometriosis (EEECs). The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 from stage III/IV EEECs and secretory-phase EECs were higher than those of stage I/II EEECs or proliferative-phase EECs. The expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 in EEECs were increased by E2 treatment and remarkably decreased by siRNA interference. Active MMP-9 expression increased with E2 treatment and decreased with siRNA treatment in EEECs compared with the same treatments in NEECs. The migratory abilities of EEECs were enhanced after cells were treated with E2; in contrast, these abilities were reduced by siRNA interference. In NEECs, active MMP-9 and cellular migration abilities were only minimally influenced by E2 and siRNA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the up-regulation of MMP-9 via activation of OPN induced by estrogen may correlate with the migration of endometrial epithelial cells in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Chunfan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yan Nian
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhimiao Bai
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Chunfang Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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28
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate regulates invasion through binding and activation of Tiam1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4080. [PMID: 24905281 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PtdIns5P is a lipid messenger acting as a stress-response mediator in the nucleus, and known to maintain cell activation through traffic alterations upon bacterial infection. Here, we show that PtdIns5P regulates actin dynamics and invasion via recruitment and activation of the exchange factor Tiam1 and Rac1. Restricted Rac1 activation results from the binding of Tiam1 DH-PH domains to PtdIns5P. Using an assay that mimics Rac1 membrane anchoring by using Rac1-His and liposomes containing Ni(2+)-NTA modified lipids, we demonstrate that intrinsic Tiam1 DH-PH activity increases when Rac1 is anchored in a PtdIns5P-enriched environment. This pathway appears to be general since it is valid in different pathophysiological models: receptor tyrosine kinase activation, bacterial phosphatase IpgD expression and the invasive NPM-ALK(+) lymphomas. The discovery that PtdIns5P could be a keystone of GTPases and cytoskeleton spatiotemporal regulation opens important research avenues towards unravelling new strategies counteracting cell invasion.
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29
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Hance MW, Nolan KD, Isaacs JS. The double-edged sword: conserved functions of extracellular hsp90 in wound healing and cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1065-97. [PMID: 24805867 PMCID: PMC4074817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) represent a diverse group of chaperones that play a vital role in the protection of cells against numerous environmental stresses. Although our understanding of chaperone biology has deepened over the last decade, the “atypical” extracellular functions of Hsps have remained somewhat enigmatic and comparatively understudied. The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone is a prototypic model for an Hsp family member exhibiting a duality of intracellular and extracellular functions. Intracellular Hsp90 is best known as a master regulator of protein folding. Cancers are particularly adept at exploiting this function of Hsp90, providing the impetus for the robust clinical development of small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors. However, in addition to its maintenance of protein homeostasis, Hsp90 has also been identified as an extracellular protein. Although early reports ascribed immunoregulatory functions to extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90), recent studies have illuminated expanded functions for eHsp90 in wound healing and cancer. While the intended physiological role of eHsp90 remains enigmatic, its evolutionarily conserved functions in wound healing are easily co-opted during malignancy, a pathology sharing many properties of wounded tissue. This review will highlight the emerging functions of eHsp90 and shed light on its seemingly dichotomous roles as a benevolent facilitator of wound healing and as a sinister effector of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hance
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Krystal D Nolan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Isaacs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Bohonowych JE, Hance MW, Nolan KD, Defee M, Parsons CH, Isaacs JS. Extracellular Hsp90 mediates an NF-κB dependent inflammatory stromal program: implications for the prostate tumor microenvironment. Prostate 2014; 74:395-407. [PMID: 24338924 PMCID: PMC4306584 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in supporting and promoting tumor growth and progression. An inflammatory stroma is a widespread hallmark of the prostate TME, and prostate tumors are known to co-evolve with their reactive stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the reactive stroma play a salient role in secreting cytokines that contribute to this inflammatory TME. Although a number of inflammatory mediators have been identified, a clear understanding of key factors initiating the formation of reactive stroma is lacking. METHODS We explored whether tumor secreted extracellular Hsp90 alpha (eHsp90α) may initiate a reactive stroma. Prostate stromal fibroblasts (PrSFs) were exposed to exogenous Hsp90α protein, or to conditioned medium (CM) from eHsp90α-expressing prostate cancer cells, and evaluated for signaling, motility, and expression of prototypic reactive markers. In tandem, ELISA assays were utilized to characterize Hsp90α-mediated secreted factors. RESULTS We report that exposure of PrSFs to eHsp90 upregulates the transcription and protein secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, key inflammatory cytokines known to play a causative role in prostate cancer progression. Cytokine secretion was regulated in part via a MEK/ERK and NF-κB dependent pathway. Secreted eHsp90α also promoted the rapid and durable activation of the oncogenic inflammatory mediator signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3). Finally, eHsp90 induced the expression of MMP-3, a well-known mediator of fibrosis and the myofibroblast phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide compelling support for eHsp90α as a transducer of signaling events culminating in an inflammatory and reactive stroma, thereby conferring properties associated with prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JE Bohonowych
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - MW Hance
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - KD Nolan
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - M Defee
- Department of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - CH Parsons
- Department of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - JS Isaacs
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Murga-Zamalloa C, Lim MS. ALK-driven tumors and targeted therapy: focus on crizotinib. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2014; 7:87-94. [PMID: 24715763 PMCID: PMC3977456 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s37504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for a diverse set of tumors. Overactivation of the tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been reported in several types of malignancies such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, neuroblastoma, and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Further characterization of the molecular role of ALK has revealed an oncogenic signaling signature that results in tumor dependence on ALK. ALK-positive tumors display a different behavior than their ALK-negative counterparts; however, the specific role of ALK in some of these tumors remains to be elucidated. Although more studies are required to establish selective targeting of ALK as a definitive therapeutic option, initial trials have shown extraordinary results in the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wang J, Cui S, Zhang X, Wu Y, Tang H. High expression of heat shock protein 90 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62876. [PMID: 23638161 PMCID: PMC3637377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is overexpressed and highly associated with poor prognosis in many malignancies. However, the role of HSP90 in gastric cancer has not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of HSP90 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer, and estimate the alteration of HSP90 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. HSP90 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) antigen expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 322 advanced gastric carcinoma samples. The relationships between HSP90 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed. The response of HSP90 level was assessed in chemotherapeutic effect in 54 patients received 1-2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The positive expression of HSP90 was found to be 69.6% in 322 advanced gastric carcinoma samples. HSP90 protein expression was significantly associated with depth invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and stage of disease (P<0.001). The positive rates of HSP90 expression were higher in both prominent serosal invasion group (P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis group (P<0.001). Moreover, HSP90 was significantly correlated with MMP-9 among 322 gastric cancer tissues (P<0.001). In univariate and multivariate analyses, HSP90 was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). These results suggested that HSP90 may play an important role on tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis, and might act as a promising target for prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangliang Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinbing Wu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongsheng Tang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lai R, Ingham RJ. The pathobiology of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK: a brief update. Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 4:119-31. [PMID: 23610619 DOI: 10.1177/2040620712471553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out in the past two decades to study the pathobiology of nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), which is an oncogenic fusion protein found exclusively in a specific type of T-cell lymphoid malignancy, namely ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Results from these studies have provided highly useful insights into the mechanisms by which a constitutively tyrosine kinase, such as NPM-ALK, promotes tumorigenesis. Several previous publications have comprehensively summarized the advances in this field. In this review, we provide readers with a brief update on specific areas of NPM-ALK pathobiology. In the first part, the NPM-ALK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling axis is discussed, with an emphasis on the existence of multiple biochemical defects that have been shown to amplify the oncogenic effects of this signaling axis. Specifically, findings regarding JAK3, SHP1 and the stimulatory effects of several cytokines including interleukin (IL)-9, IL-21 and IL-22 are summarized. New concepts stemming from recent observations regarding the functional interactions among the NPM-ALK/STAT3 axis, β catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3β will be postulated. Lastly, new mechanisms by which the NPM-ALK/STAT3 axis promotes tumorigenesis, such as its modulations of Twist1, hypoxia-induced factor 1α, CD274, will be described. In the second part, we summarize recent data generated by mass spectrometry studies of NPM-ALK, and use MSH2 and heat shock proteins as examples to illustrate the use of mass spectrometry data in stimulating new research in this field. In the third part, the evolving field of microRNA in the context of NPM-ALK biology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Rm 2338, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
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Abstract
Cellular chaperones promote the folding and maturation of newly synthesized proteins and partially folded proteins in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases catalyze the reversible acetylation of histones and nonhistone substrates to control the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape of normal and tumor cells. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors results in the hyperacetylation of chaperones including heat shock protein (hsp)90, hsp70, hsp40, and the ER-resident hsp70 homolog, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which affects their function. HDAC inhibitor-mediated deregulation of chaperone function, in turn, deregulates protein homeostasis and induces protein misfolding and proteotoxic stress. In the context of tumors which are particularly dependent on functional chaperones for maintaining protein homeostasis, HDAC inhibitors tip the balance toward lethal proteotoxic and ER stress. In this chapter, we describe HDAC inhibitor-induced hyperacetylation of major chaperones and its implication for the use of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of solid and hematologic tumors.
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Hance MW, Dole K, Gopal U, Bohonowych JE, Jezierska-Drutel A, Neumann CA, Liu H, Garraway IP, Isaacs JS. Secreted Hsp90 is a novel regulator of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37732-44. [PMID: 22989880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men, and the second highest contributor of male cancer related lethality. Disease mortality is due primarily to metastatic spread, highlighting the urgent need to identify factors involved in this progression. Activation of the genetic epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is implicated as a major contributor of PCa progression. Initiation of EMT confers invasive and metastatic behavior in preclinical models and is correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) promotes cell motility and invasion in cancer cells and metastasis in preclinical models, however, the mechanistic basis for its widespread tumorigenic function remains unclear. We have identified a novel and pivotal role for eHsp90 in driving EMT events in PCa. In support of this notion, more metastatic PCa lines exhibited increased eHsp90 expression relative to their lineage-related nonmetastatic counterparts. We demonstrate that eHsp90 promoted cell motility in an ERK and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9-dependent manner, and shifted cellular morphology toward a mesenchymal phenotype. Conversely, inhibition of eHsp90 attenuated pro-motility signaling, blocked PCa migration, and shifted cell morphology toward an epithelial phenotype. Last, we report that surface eHsp90 was found in primary PCa tumor specimens, and elevated eHsp90 expression was associated with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 transcripts. We conclude that eHsp90 serves as a driver of EMT events, providing a mechanistic basis for its ability to promote cancer progression and metastasis in preclinical models. Furthermore, its newly identified expression in PCa specimens, and potential regulation of pro-metastatic genes, supports a putative clinical role for eHsp90 in PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hance
- Department of Cell, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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36
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Zohn IE, Sarkar AA. Does the cranial mesenchyme contribute to neural fold elevation during neurulation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:841-8. [PMID: 22945385 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is derived from the neural plate, which undergoes a series of complex morphogenetic events resulting in formation of the neural tube in a process known as neurulation. The cellular behaviors driving neurulation in the cranial region involve forces generated by the neural tissue itself as well as the surrounding epithelium and mesenchyme. Of interest, the cranial mesenchyme underlying the neural plate undergoes stereotypical rearrangements hypothesized to drive elevation of the neural folds. As the neural folds rise, the hyaluronate-rich extracellular matrix greatly expands resulting in increased space between individual cranial mesenchyme cells. Based on inhibitor studies, expansion of the extracellular matrix has been implicated in driving neural fold elevation; however, because the surrounding neural and epidermal ectoderm were also affected by inhibitor exposure, these studies are inconclusive. Similarly, treatment of neurulating embryos with teratogenic doses of retinoic acid results in altered organization of the cranial mesenchyme, but alterations in surrounding tissues are also observed. The strongest evidence for a critical role for the cranial mesenchyme in neural fold elevation comes from studies of genes expressed exclusively in the cranial mesenchyme that when mutated result in exencephaly associated with abnormal organization of the cranial mesenchyme. Twist is the best studied of these and is expressed in both the paraxial mesoderm and neural crest derived cranial mesenchyme. In this article, we review the evidence implicating the cranial mesenchyme in providing a driving force for neural fold elevation to evaluate whether there are sufficient data to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Song S, Kole S, Bernier M. A chemical cross-linking method for the analysis of binding partners of heat shock protein-90 in intact cells. Biotechniques 2012; 0:1-7. [PMID: 22668512 DOI: 10.2144/000113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) family are key regulators of biological processes through dynamic interaction with a multitude of protein partners. However, the transient nature of these interactions hinders the identification of Hsp90 interactors. Here we show that chemical cross-linking with ethylene glycolbis (succinimidylsuccinate), but not shorter cross-linkers, generated an abundant 240-kDa heteroconjugate of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 in different cell types. The combined use of pharmacological and genetic approaches allowed the characterization of the subunit composition and subcellular compartmentalization of the multimeric protein complex, termed p240. The in situ formation of p240 did not require the N-terminal domain or the ATPase activity of Hsp90. Utilizing subcellular fractionation techniques and a cell-impermeant cross-linker, subpopulations of p240 were found to be present in both the plasma membrane and the mitochondria. The Hsp90-interacting proteins, including Hsp70, p60Hop and the scaffolding protein filamin A, had no role in governing the formation of p240. Therefore, chemical cross-linking combined with proteomic methods has the potential to unravel the protein components of this p240 complex and, more importantly, may provide an approach to expand the range of tools available to the study of the Hsp90 interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Song
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang J, Wang P, Wu F, Li M, Sharon D, Ingham RJ, Hitt M, McMullen TP, Lai R. Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal 2012; 24:852-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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ALK+ALCLs induce cutaneous, HMGB-1-dependent IL-8/CXCL8 production by keratinocytes through NF-κB activation. Blood 2012; 119:4698-707. [PMID: 22394598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-386011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs) bearing the t(2;5) translocation (ALK(+)ALCLs) are frequently characterized by skin colonization and associated with a poor prognosis. Using conditional transgenic models of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK(+)) lymphomas and human ALK(+)ALCL cell lines, in the present study, we show that high-mobility-group box-1 (HMGB-1), a proinflammatory cytokine, is released by ALK(+) cells, and demonstrate extracellular HMGB-1-stimulated secretion of the IL-8 chemokine by HaCaT keratinocytes through the involvement of MMP-9, PAR-2, and the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in vitro, IL-8 is able to induce the invasiveness of ALK(+) cells, which express the IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. In vitro and in vivo, HMGB-1 inhibition achieved by glycyrrhizin treatment led to a drastic reduction in ALK(+) cell invasiveness. The pathophysiological relevance of our observations was confirmed by demonstrating that the HMGB-1 and IL-8 receptors are expressed in ALK(+)ALCL biopsies. We have also shown that IL-8 secretion is correlated with leukemic dissemination of ALK(+) cells in a significant number of patients. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time a relationship among the pro-inflammatory mediators HMGB-1, MMP-9, PAR-2, and IL-8. We propose that these mediators create a premetastatic niche within the skin, thereby participating in ALK(+) lymphoma epidermotropism.
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Consequences of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) expression and activity on stress-induced apoptosis in CD30+ NPM–ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2012; 26:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Linder S, Wiesner C, Himmel M. Degrading devices: invadosomes in proteolytic cell invasion. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2011; 27:185-211. [PMID: 21801014 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively known as invadosomes, are cell-matrix contacts in a variety of cell types, such as monocytic cells or cancer cells, that have to cross tissue barriers. Both structures share an actin-rich core, which distinguishes them from other matrix contacts, and are regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways including RhoGTPases, kinases, actin-associated proteins, and microtubule-dependent transport. Invadosomes recruit and secrete proteinases and are thus able to lyse extracellular matrix components. They are therefore considered to be potential key structures in proteolytic cell invasion in both physiological and pathological settings. This review provides an overview of the field, with special focus on current developments such as intracellular transport processes, ultrastructural analysis, the possible involvement of invadosomes in disease, and the tentative identification of invadosomes in 3D environments and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Dupuis-Coronas S, Lagarrigue F, Ramel D, Chicanne G, Saland E, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B, Tronchère H. The nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase oncogene interacts, activates, and uses the kinase PIKfyve to increase invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32105-14. [PMID: 21737449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NPM-ALK is a chimeric tyrosine kinase detected in most anaplastic large cell lymphomas that results from the reciprocal translocation t(2,5)(p23;q35) that fuses the N-terminal domain of nucleophosmin (NPM) to the catalytic domain of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor. The constitutive activity of the kinase is responsible for its oncogenicity through the stimulation of several downstream signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We demonstrated previously that the high level of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate measured in NPM-ALK-expressing cells is controlled by the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve, a lipid kinase known for its role in vesicular trafficking. Here, we show that PIKfyve associates with NPM-ALK and that the interaction involves the 181-300 region of the oncogene. Moreover, we demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase activity of the oncogene controls PIKfyve lipid kinase activity but is dispensable for the formation of the complex. Silencing or inhibition of PIKfyve using siRNA or the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 have no effect on NPM-ALK-mediated proliferation and migration but strongly reduce invasive capacities of NPM-ALK-expressing cells and their capacity to degrade the extracellular matrix. Accordingly, immunofluorescence studies confirm a perturbation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 localization at the cell surface and defect in maturation. Altogether, these results suggest a role for PIKfyve in NPM-ALK-mediated invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dupuis-Coronas
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Colomba A, Giuriato S, Dejean E, Thornber K, Delsol G, Tronchère H, Meggetto F, Payrastre B, Gaits-Iacovoni F. Inhibition of Rac controls NPM-ALK-dependent lymphoma development and dissemination. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e21. [PMID: 22829165 PMCID: PMC3255265 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM–ALK) is a tyrosine kinase oncogene responsible for the pathogenesis of the majority of human ALK-positive lymphomas. We recently reported that it activated the Rac1 GTPase in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), leading to Rac-dependent formation of active invadopodia required for invasiveness. Herein, we went further into the study of this pathway and used the inhibitor of Rac, NSC23766, to validate its potential as a molecular target in ALCL in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft model and in a conditional model of NPM–ALK transgenic mice. Our data demonstrate that Rac regulates important effectors of NPM–ALK-induced transformation such as Erk1/2, p38 and Akt. Moreover, inhibition of Rac signaling abrogates NPM–ALK-elicited disease progression and metastasis in mice, highlighting the potential of small GTPases and their regulators as additional therapic targets in lymphomas.
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46
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from August 2010–October 2010. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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