1
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Sukhbaatar A, Mori S, Shiga K, Kodama T. Intralymphatic injection of chemotherapy drugs modulated with glucose improves their anticancer effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115110. [PMID: 37421779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has a significant impact on cancer prognosis, emphasizing the need for effective treatment strategies. This study investigated the potential use of high osmotic pressure drug solutions with low viscosity administration using a lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) to improve LNM treatment outcomes. The hypothesis was that injection of epirubicin or nimustine at high osmotic pressure but without altered viscosity would enhance drug retention and accumulation in LNs, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment. Biofluorescence analysis revealed enhanced drug accumulation and retention in LNs after administration using LDDS compared to intravenous (i.v) injection. Histopathological results demonstrated minimal tissue damage in the LDDS groups. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed an improved treatment response with higher drug accumulation and retention in LNs. The LDDS approach offers the potential for greatly reduced side effects of chemotherapy drugs, lower dosage requirements and crucially increased drug retention in LNs. The results highlight the promise of high osmotic pressure drug solutions with low viscosity administrated using the LDDS for enhancing the treatment efficacy of LN metastasis. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate these results and optimize the clinical translation of this novel treatment technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Shiga
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate University Hospital, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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2
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Sarwar U, Naeem M, Nurjis F, Karim S, Raza A. Ultrasound-mediated in vivo biodistribution of coumarin-labeled sorafenib-loaded liposome-based nanotheranostic system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1909-1927. [PMID: 36695214 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to synthesize folate-conjugated sorafenib-loaded (FCSL) liposomes for theranostic application using ultrasound (US). Materials & methods: US parameter optimization, in vitro release, anticancer effect, in vivo biodistribution, optical imaging and biocompatibility of liposomes were studied. Results: With 84% in vitro release after 4 min of US exposure at 3 MHz (1.2 mechanical index), FCSL liposomes showed lower IC50 (8.70 μM) versus sorafenib (9.34 μM) against HepG2 cells. In vivo biodistribution of FCSL liposomes versus sorafenib after 9 mg/kg injection in the liver (8.63 vs 0.55) > intestine (8.45 vs 1.07) > stomach (5.62 vs 0.57) > kidney (5.46 vs 0.91) showed longer circulation time in plasma and can be tracked in mice. Conclusion: A threefold higher drug concentration in the liver in US-exposed mice makes this a successful nanotheranostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sarwar
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers & Optronics College (NILOP-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Nurjis
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers & Optronics College (NILOP-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Karim
- Nano Materials Research Group, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
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3
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Characterizing perfusion defects in metastatic lymph nodes at an early stage using high-frequency ultrasound and micro-CT imaging. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:539-549. [PMID: 34654990 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A perfusion defect in a metastatic lymph node (LN) can be visualized as a localized area of low contrast on contrast-enhanced CT, MRI or ultrasound images. Hypotheses for perfusion defects include abnormal hemodynamics in neovascular vessels or a decrease in blood flow in pre-existing blood vessels in the parenchyma due to compression by LN tumor growth. However, the mechanisms underlying perfusion defects in LNs during the early stage of LN metastasis have not been investigated. We show that tumor mass formation with very few microvessels was associated with a perfusion defect in a non-enlarged LN at the early stage of LN metastasis in a LN adenopathy mouse (LN size circa 10 mm). We found in a mouse model of LN metastasis, induced using non-keratinizing tumor cells, that during the formation of the perfusion defect in a non-enlarged LN, the number of blood vessels ≤ 50 μm in diameter decreased, while those of > 50 μm in diameter increased. The methods used were contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging systems, with a maximum spatial resolution of > 30 μm. Furthermore, we found no tumor angiogenesis or oxygen partial pressure (pO2) changes in the metastatic LN. Our results demonstrate that the perfusion defect appears to be a specific form of tumorigenesis in the LN, which is a vascular-rich organ. We anticipate that a perfusion defect on ultrasound, CT or MRI images will be used as an indicator of a non-enlarged metastatic LN at an early stage.
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4
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Koens R, Tabata Y, Serrano JC, Aratake S, Yoshino D, Kamm RD, Funamoto K. Microfluidic platform for three-dimensional cell culture under spatiotemporal heterogeneity of oxygen tension. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:016106. [PMID: 32161836 PMCID: PMC7060087 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in a tumor microenvironment are exposed to spatial and temporal variations in oxygen tension due to hyperproliferation and immature vascularization. Such spatiotemporal oxygen heterogeneity affects the behavior of cancer cells, leading to cancer growth and metastasis, and thus, it is essential to clarify the cellular responses of cancer cells to oxygen tension. Herein, we describe a new double-layer microfluidic device allowing the control of oxygen tension and the behavior of cancer cells under spatiotemporal oxygen heterogeneity. Two parallel gas channels were located above the media and gel channels to enhance gas exchange, and a gas-impermeable polycarbonate film was embedded in the device to prevent the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen. Variations in oxygen tension in the device with the experimental parameters and design variables were investigated computationally and validated by using oxygen-sensitive nanoparticles. The present device can generate a uniform hypoxic condition at oxygen levels down to 0.3% O2, as well as a linear oxygen gradient from 3% O2 to 17% O2 across the gel channel within 15 min. Moreover, human breast cancer cells suspended in type I collagen gel were introduced in the gel channel to observe their response under controlled oxygen tension. Hypoxic exposure activated the proliferation and motility of the cells, which showed a local maximum increase at 5% O2. Under the oxygen gradient condition, the increase in the cell number was relatively high in the central mild hypoxia region. These findings demonstrate the utility of the present device to study cellular responses in an oxygen-controlled microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Koens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Jean C. Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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5
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Fujii H, Horie S, Sukhbaatar A, Mishra R, Sakamoto M, Mori S, Kodama T. Treatment of false-negative metastatic lymph nodes by a lymphatic drug delivery system with 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2241-2251. [PMID: 30945479 PMCID: PMC6536938 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) may be the origin of systemic metastases. It will be important to develop a strategy that prevents systemic metastasis by treating these LNs at an early stage. False‐negative metastatic LNs, which are found during the early stage of metastasis development, are those that contain tumor cells but have a size and shape similar to LNs that do not host tumor cells. Here, we show that 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), delivered by means of a novel lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS), can treat LNs with false‐negative metastases in a mouse model. The effects of 5‐FU on four cell lines were investigated using in vitro cytotoxicity and cell survival assays. The therapeutic effects of LDDS‐administered 5‐FU on false‐negative metastatic LNs were evaluated using bioluminescence imaging, high‐frequency ultrasound (US), and histology in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. These experimental animals develop LNs that are similar in size to human LNs. We found that all cell lines showed sensitivity to 5‐FU in the in vitro assays. Furthermore, a concentration‐dependent effect of 5‐FU to inhibit tumor growth was observed in tumor cells with low invasive growth characteristics, although a significant reduction in metastatic LN volume was not detected in MHX10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice. Adverse effects of 5‐FU were not detected. 5‐Fluorouracil administration with a LDDS is an effective treatment method for false‐negative metastatic LNs. We anticipate that the delivery of anticancer drugs by a LDDS will be of great benefit in the prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis via LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Fujii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Horie
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Radhika Mishra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Biomedical Engineering Cancer Research Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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6
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Translational Nanodiagnostics for In Vivo Cancer Detection. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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7
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Funamoto K, Yoshino D, Matsubara K, Zervantonakis IK, Funamoto K, Nakayama M, Masamune J, Kimura Y, Kamm RD. Endothelial monolayer permeability under controlled oxygen tension. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:529-538. [PMID: 28488717 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial permeability has been extensively investigated in the context of pathologies such as cancer and also in studies of drug delivery from the circulation. Hypoxia is a critical regulator of endothelial cell (EC) behavior and affects the barrier function of endothelial linings, yet its role has been little studied. This paper reveals the effect of hypoxia on the permeability of an EC monolayer by cellular experiments using a microfluidic device and a conventional cell culture dish. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded into one microfluidic channel, creating an EC monolayer on each vertical surface of a collagen gel confined to a central chamber. Oxygen tension was regulated to produce normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (3% O2) conditions by the supply of gas mixtures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen at predefined ratios into channels fabricated into the device. Permeability of the EC monolayer quantified by analyzing diffusion of fluorescence-labelled dextrans into the collagen gel increases with barrier function loss by 6 hour hypoxic exposure, showing 11-fold and 4-fold increases for 70 kDa and 10 kDa dextrans, respectively, on average. Consistent with this, subsequent immunofluorescent staining and separate western blot analysis of HUVECs on a culture dish demonstrate loose cell-cell adhesion resulting from internalization of VE-cadherin under hypoxia. Thus, hypoxic stress increases endothelial permeability by altering cell-cell junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Funamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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8
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Ehlerding EB, Grodzinski P, Cai W, Liu CH. Big Potential from Small Agents: Nanoparticles for Imaging-Based Companion Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2106-2121. [PMID: 29462554 PMCID: PMC5878691 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of medical imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer cannot be overstated. As personalized cancer treatments are gaining popularity, a need for more advanced imaging techniques has grown significantly. Nanoparticles are uniquely suited to fill this void, not only as imaging contrast agents but also as companion diagnostics. This review provides an overview of many ways nanoparticle imaging agents have contributed to cancer imaging, both preclinically and in the clinic, as well as charting future directions in companion diagnostics. We conclude that, while nanoparticle-based imaging agents are not without considerable scientific and developmental challenges, they enable enhanced imaging in nearly every modality, hold potential as in vivo companion diagnostics, and offer precise cancer treatment and maximize intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Ehlerding
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christina H. Liu
- Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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9
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A novel treatment for metastatic lymph nodes using lymphatic delivery and photothermal therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45459. [PMID: 28368042 PMCID: PMC5377366 DOI: 10.1038/srep45459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic delivery of an anti-cancer agent often leads to only a small fraction of the administered dose accumulating in target sites. Delivering anti-cancer agents through the lymphatic network can achieve more efficient drug delivery for the treatment of lymph node metastasis. We show for the first time that polymeric gold nanorods (PAuNRs) can be delivered efficiently from an accessory axillary lymph node to a tumor-containing proper axillary lymph node, enabling effective treatment of lymph node metastasis. In a mouse model of metastasis, lymphatic spread of tumor was inhibited by lymphatic-delivered PAuNRs and near-infrared laser irradiation, with the skin temperature controlled by cooling. Unlike intravenous injection, lymphatic injection delivered PAuNRs at a high concentration within a short period. The results show that lymphatic administration has the potential to deliver anti-cancer agents to metastatic lymph nodes for inhibition of tumor growth and could be developed into a new therapeutic method.
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10
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Xing H, Hwang K, Lu Y. Recent Developments of Liposomes as Nanocarriers for Theranostic Applications. Theranostics 2016; 6:1336-52. [PMID: 27375783 PMCID: PMC4924503 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are nanocarriers comprised of lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core. The ability of liposomes to encapsulate a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic agents has led to significant interest in utilizing liposomes as nanocarriers for theranostic applications. In this review, we highlight recent progress in developing liposomes as nanocarriers for a) diagnostic applications to detect proteins, DNA, and small molecule targets using fluorescence, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging; b) therapeutic applications based on small molecule-based therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy; and c) theranostic applications for simultaneous detection and treatment of heavy metal toxicity and cancers. In addition, we summarize recent studies towards understanding of interactions between liposomes and biological components. Finally, perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for clinical translations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xing
- 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
- 2. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - Kevin Hwang
- 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - Yi Lu
- 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
- 2. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
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11
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Fushima T, Sekimoto A, Minato T, Ito T, Oe Y, Kisu K, Sato E, Funamoto K, Hayase T, Kimura Y, Ito S, Sato H, Takahashi N. Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) Model of Preeclampsia in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155426. [PMID: 27187738 PMCID: PMC4871336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria that typically develops after 20 weeks of gestation. A reduction in uterine blood flow causes placental ischemia and placental release of anti-angiogenic factors such as sFlt-1 followed by PE. Although the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model is widely used in rats, investigating the role of genes on PE using genetically engineered animals has been problematic because it has been difficult to make a useful RUPP model in mice. To establish a RUPP model of PE in mice, we bilaterally ligated ovarian vessels distal to ovarian branches, uterine vessels, or both in ICR-strain mice at 14.5 days post coitum (dpc). Consequently, these mice had elevated BP, increased urinary albumin excretion, severe endotheliosis, and mesangial expansion. They also had an increased incidence of miscarriage and premature delivery. Embryonic weight at 18.5 dpc was significantly lower than that in sham mice. The closer to the ligation site the embryos were, the higher the resorption rate and the lower the embryonic weight. The phenotype was more severe in the order of ligation at the ovarian vessels < uterine vessels < both. Unlike the RUPP models described in the literature, this model did not constrict the abdominal aorta, which allowed BP to be measured with a tail cuff. This novel RUPP model in mice should be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of PE in genetically engineered mice and for evaluating new therapies for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Fushima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiyo Sekimoto
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Minato
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Oe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kisu
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Funamoto
- Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Miura Y, Mikada M, Ouchi T, Horie S, Takeda K, Yamaki T, Sakamoto M, Mori S, Kodama T. Early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis: Importance of intranodal pressures. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:224-32. [PMID: 26716604 PMCID: PMC4814246 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional lymph node status is an important prognostic indicator of tumor aggressiveness. However, early diagnosis of metastasis using intranodal pressure, at a stage when lymph node size has not changed significantly, has not been investigated. Here, we use an MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mouse model of lymph node metastasis to show that intranodal pressure increases in both the subiliac lymph node and proper axillary lymph node, which are connected by lymphatic vessels, when tumor cells are injected into the subiliac lymph node to induce metastasis to the proper axillary lymph node. We found that intranodal pressure in the subiliac lymph node increased at the stage when metastasis was detected by in vivo bioluminescence, but when proper axillary lymph node volume (measured by high-frequency ultrasound imaging) had not increased significantly. Intravenously injected liposomes, encapsulating indocyanine green, were detected in solid tumors by in vivo bioluminescence, but not in the proper axillary lymph node. Basic blood vessel and lymphatic channel structures were maintained in the proper axillary lymph node, although sinus histiocytosis was detected. These results show that intranodal pressure in the proper axillary lymph node increases at early stages when metastatic tumor cells have not fully proliferated. Intranodal pressure may be a useful parameter for facilitating early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Miura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mikada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ouchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sachiko Horie
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazu Takeda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Tian J, Yang F, Cui H, Zhou Y, Ruan X, Gu N. A Novel Approach to Making the Gas-Filled Liposome Real: Based on the Interaction of Lipid with Free Nanobubble within the Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26579-26584. [PMID: 26567461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles with a size less than 1 μm could make a promising application in ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery. However, the fabrication of stable gas encapsulation nanobubbles is still challenging. In this study, a novel method for preparation of lipid- encapsulated nanobubbles was reported. The dispersed phospholipid molecules in the prefabricated free nanobubbles solution can be assembled to form controllable stable lipid encapsulation gas-filled ultrasound-sensitive liposome (GU-Liposome). The optimized preparation parameters and formation mechanism of GU-Liposome were investigated in detail. Results showed that this type of GU-Liposome had mean diameter of 194.4 ± 6.6 nm and zeta potential of -25.2 ± 1.9 mV with layer by layer self-assembled lipid structure. The acoustic imaging analysis in vitro indicated that ultrasound imaging enhancement could be acquired by both perfusion imaging and accumulation imaging. The imaging enhancement level and duration time was related with the ratios of lipid to gas in the GU-Liposome structure. All in all, by this novel and controllable nanobubble construction technique, it will broaden the future theranostic applications of nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Technologies , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huating Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaobo Ruan
- Xuzhou Central Hospital , Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Technologies , Suzhou 215123, China
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14
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Kato S, Mori S, Kodama T. A Novel Treatment Method for Lymph Node Metastasis Using a Lymphatic Drug Delivery System with Nano/Microbubbles and Ultrasound. J Cancer 2015; 6:1282-94. [PMID: 26640589 PMCID: PMC4643085 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy based on hematogenous administration of drugs to lymph nodes (LNs) located outside the surgically resected area shows limited tissue selectivity and inadequate response rates, resulting in poor prognosis. Here, we demonstrate proof of concept for a lymphatic drug delivery system using nano/microbubbles (NMBs) and ultrasound (US) to achieve sonoporation in LNs located outside the dissection area. First, we demonstrated the in vitro effectiveness of doxorubicin (Dox) delivered into three different tumor cell lines by sonoporation. Sonoporation increased the Dox autofluorescence signal and resulted in a subsequent decrease in cell viability. Next, we verified the antitumor effects of Dox in vivo using MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice that exhibit systemic lymphadenopathy, with some peripheral LNs reaching 10 mm in diameter. We defined the subiliac LN (SiLN) as the upstream LN within the dissection area, and the proper axillary LN (PALN) as the downstream LN outside the dissection area. Dox and NMBs were injected into the SiLN and delivered to the PALN via lymphatic vessels; the PALN was then exposed to US when it had filled with solution. We found that sonoporation enhanced the intracellular uptake of Dox leading to high cytotoxicity. We also found that sonoporation induced extravasation of Dox from lymphatic endothelia and penetration of Dox into tumor tissues within the PALN. Furthermore, our method inhibited tumor growth and diminished blood vessels in the PALN while avoiding systemic toxic effects of Dox. Our findings indicate that a lymphatic drug delivery system with sonoporation represents a promising method for treating metastatic LNs located outside the dissection area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kato
- 1. Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- 2. Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- 1. Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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15
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Walk EL, McLaughlin SL, Weed SA. High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes. J Vis Exp 2015:e52718. [PMID: 26274059 DOI: 10.3791/52718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 µm, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circulatory blood flow within lymph nodes and other organs. While HFUS has been utilized for lymph node imaging in a number of mouse model systems, a detailed protocol describing HFUS imaging and characterization of the cervical lymph nodes in mice has not been reported. Here, we show that HFUS can be adapted to detect and characterize cervical lymph nodes in mice. Combined B-mode and power Doppler imaging can be used to detect increases in blood flow in immunologically-enlarged cervical nodes. We also describe the use of B-mode imaging to conduct fine needle biopsies of cervical lymph nodes to retrieve lymph tissue for histological analysis. Finally, software-aided steps are described to calculate changes in lymph node volume and to visualize changes in lymph node morphology following image reconstruction. The ability to visually monitor changes in cervical lymph node biology over time provides a simple and powerful technique for the non-invasive monitoring of cervical lymph node alterations in preclinical mouse models of oral cavity disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse L Walk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University
| | - Sarah L McLaughlin
- Animal Models and Imaging Facility, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University;
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16
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Kato S, Shirai Y, Kanzaki H, Sakamoto M, Mori S, Kodama T. Delivery of molecules to the lymph node via lymphatic vessels using ultrasound and nano/microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:1411-21. [PMID: 25637527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) dissection is the primary option for head and neck cancer when imaging modalities and biopsy confirm metastasis to the sentinel LN. However, there are no effective alternative treatments to dissection for LN metastasis. Here, we describe a novel drug delivery system combining nano/microbubbles (NMBs) with ultrasound (US) that exhibits considerable potential for the delivery of exogenous molecules into LNs through the lymphatic vessels. A solution containing fluorophores (as a model of a therapeutic molecule) and NMBs was injected into the subiliac LNs of MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice, which develop systemic swelling of LNs (up to 13 mm in diameter, similar to human LNs). It was found that the NMBs were delivered to the entire area of the proper axillary LN (proper-ALN) via the lymphatic channels and that these were retained there for more than 8 min. Furthermore, exposure to US in the presence of NMBs enhanced the delivery of fluorophores into the lymphocytes near the lymphatic channels, compared with exposure to US in the absence of NMBs. It is proposed that a system using US and NMBs to deliver therapeutic drugs via lymphatic vessels can serve as a new treatment method for LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kato
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuko Shirai
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Maxillo-Oral Disorders, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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17
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Walk EL, McLaughlin S, Coad J, Weed SA. Use of high frequency ultrasound to monitor cervical lymph node alterations in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100185. [PMID: 24955984 PMCID: PMC4067293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical lymph node evaluation by clinical ultrasound is a non-invasive procedure used in diagnosing nodal status, and when combined with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), provides an effective method to assess nodal pathologies. Development of high-frequency ultrasound (HF US) allows real-time monitoring of lymph node alterations in animal models. While HF US is frequently used in animal models of tumor biology, use of HF US for studying cervical lymph nodes alterations associated with murine models of head and neck cancer, or any other model of lymphadenopathy, is lacking. Here we utilize HF US to monitor cervical lymph nodes changes in mice following exposure to the oral cancer-inducing carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) and in mice with systemic autoimmunity. 4-NQO induces tumors within the mouse oral cavity as early as 19 wks that recapitulate HNSCC. Monitoring of cervical (mandibular) lymph nodes by gray scale and power Doppler sonography revealed changes in lymph node size eight weeks after 4-NQO treatment, prior to tumor formation. 4-NQO causes changes in cervical node blood flow resulting from oral tumor progression. Histological evaluation indicated that the early 4-NQO induced changes in lymph node volume were due to specific hyperproliferation of T-cell enriched zones in the paracortex. We also show that HF US can be used to perform image-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsies on mice with enlarged mandibular lymph nodes due to genetic mutation of Fas ligand (Fasl). Collectively these studies indicate that HF US is an effective technique for the non-invasive study of cervical lymph node alterations in live mouse models of oral cancer and other mouse models containing cervical lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse L. Walk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Animal Models and Imaging Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - James Coad
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sato T, Mori S, Arai Y, Kodama T. The combination of intralymphatic chemotherapy with ultrasound and nano-/microbubbles is efficient in the treatment of experimental tumors in mouse lymph nodes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1237-49. [PMID: 24656719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous chemotherapy is a therapeutic option for the treatment of lymph node metastasis, but the drugs often have difficulty accessing the lymphatic system. The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of intralymphatic chemotherapy with ultrasound and nano-/microbubbles is active against tumors in mouse lymph nodes. Intralymphatic chemotherapy in mice with lymph nodes containing tumors was found to have a marked anti-tumor effect, compared with intravenous administration, and the addition of ultrasound combined with nano-/microbubbles enhanced the effect of the anti-cancer drug, but only when the drug was administered intralymphatically. Furthermore, decreases in the volumes and blood vessel densities of tumor-bearing lymph nodes are reliable measures of therapeutic effect, confirmed by histopathological evaluation. The main conclusion is that combining ultrasound with nano-/microbubbles and intralymphatic chemotherapy improves drug delivery to the lymphatic system and has a more potent anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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19
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Photothermal therapy of tumors in lymph nodes using gold nanorods and near-infrared laser light. J Control Release 2013; 172:879-84. [PMID: 24144919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node dissection for regional nodal metastasis is a primary option, but is invasive and associated with adverse effects. The development of non-invasive therapeutic methods in preclinical experiments using mice has been restricted by the small lymph node size and the limited techniques available for non-invasive monitoring of lymph node metastasis. Here, we show that photothermal therapy (PTT) using gold nanorods (GNRs) and near-infrared (NIR) laser light shows potential as a non-invasive treatment for tumors in the proper axillary lymph nodes (proper-ALNs) of MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice, which develop systemic swelling of lymph nodes (up to 13mm in diameter, similar in size to human lymph nodes). Tumor cells were inoculated into the proper-ALNs to develop a model of metastatic lesions, and any anti-tumor effects of therapy were assessed. We found that GNRs accumulated in the tumor in the proper-ALNs 24h after tail vein injection, and that irradiation with NIR laser light elevated tumor temperature. Furthermore, combining local or systemic delivery of GNRs with NIR irradiation suppressed tumor growth more than irradiation alone. We propose that PTT with GNRs and NIR laser light can serve as a new therapeutic method for lymph node metastasis, as an alternative to lymph node dissection.
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20
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Horie S, Chen R, Li L, Mori S, Kodama T. Contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound imaging of early stage liver metastasis in a preclinical mouse model. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:208-13. [PMID: 23791880 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring angiogenesis is potentially an effective strategy for the early detection of cancer. In this study, early detection was achieved by evaluating blood vessel density in the liver using a three-dimensional contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound (CE-HFUS) system and Sonazoid microbubbles. Three-dimensional CE-HFUS detected an increase in blood vessel density in the liver after intrasplenic injection of breast tumor cells into mice. The results were in agreement with immunohistochemical analysis of blood vessel density. Three-dimensional CE-HFUS using microbubbles is an attractive, novel approach for the early detection of liver metastases through quantification of new, pathological vascular growth (i.e. tumor angiogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Horie
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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21
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Mouse model of lymph node metastasis via afferent lymphatic vessels for development of imaging modalities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55797. [PMID: 23405215 PMCID: PMC3565997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies of lymph node metastasis are constrained by limitations in the techniques available for noninvasive monitoring of the progression of lymph node metastasis, as well as difficulties in the establishment of appropriate animal models. To overcome these challenges, this study has developed a mouse model of inter-lymph-node metastasis via afferent lymphatic vessels for use in the development of imaging modalities. We used 14- to 18-week-old MRL/MpJ−/lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice exhibiting remarkable systemic lymphadenopathy, with proper axillary lymph nodes (proper-ALNs) and subiliac lymph nodes (SiLNs) that are 6 to 12 mm in diameter (similar in size to human lymph nodes). When KM-Luc/GFP malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like cells stably expressing the firefly luciferase gene were injected into the SiLN, metastasis could be detected in the proper-ALN within 3 to 9 days, using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The metastasis route was found to be via the efferent lymphatic vessels of the SiLN, and metastasis incidence depended on the number of cells injected, the injection duration and the SiLN volume. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound imaging showed that the blood vessel volume and density in the metastasized proper-ALN significantly increased at 14 days after tumor cell inoculation into the SiLN. The present metastasis model, with lymph nodes similar in size to those of humans, has potential use in the development of ultrasound imaging with high-precision and high-sensitivity as well as other imaging modalities for the detection of blood vessels in lymph nodes during the progression of metastasis.
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22
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Li L, Mori S, Kodama M, Sakamoto M, Takahashi S, Kodama T. Enhanced sonographic imaging to diagnose lymph node metastasis: importance of blood vessel volume and density. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2082-92. [PMID: 23333937 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node size is an important variable in ultrasound diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. However, the size criterion often leads to oversight of tumor-positive lymph nodes within the range of "normal" size, such that more accurate diagnostic criteria for lymph node metastasis are required. In this study, we show how diagnosis of lymph node metastasis can be improved by evaluating changes in blood vessel volume and density using a novel contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound (CE-HFUS) system with Sonazoid. An MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mouse model of lymph node metastasis was used in which lymph nodes are similar in size to humans. Metastasis via lymphatic vessels to proper axillary lymph nodes (proper ALN) was induced by injection of tumor cells into the subiliac lymph nodes. Within 21 days of injection, significant increases in blood vessel volume and density, but no increases in the size of the proper ALNs, were observed. The increase in blood vessel density was confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis and was positively related to tumor cell proliferation as measured using bioluminescence imaging. Together, our results showed that alterations in blood vessel volume and density precede alterations in lymph node size in the early stages of lymph node metastasis. Detection of these changes by ultrasonography may offer new criteria for early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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23
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Shao L, Mori S, Yagishita Y, Okuno T, Hatakeyama Y, Sato T, Kodama T. Lymphatic mapping of mice with systemic lymphoproliferative disorder: usefulness as an inter-lymph node metastasis model of cancer. J Immunol Methods 2013; 389:69-78. [PMID: 23328410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of lymph node (LN) metastasis are fundamental to the study and design of new techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of LN metastasis. However, the identification of LNs and lymphatic vessels (LVs) in mice is challenging with conventional imaging modalities, since the LN diameter in normal mice is 1-2 mm. Here, we describe MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr (MXH10/Mo/lpr) inbred mice, which develop systemic swelling of LNs up to 10 mm in diameter, allowing investigation of the topography of LNs and LVs. Using a gross anatomy dissection approach, we identified 22 different LNs situated in the head and neck, limbs, thoracic and abdominal regions. Furthermore, four peripheral inter-LN vessels were found: from the subiliac LN (SiLN) to the proper axillary LN (PALN); from the parotid LN to the caudal deep cervical LN; and from the popliteal LN to both the sciatic LN and the SiLN. Metastasis to the PALN via LVs was induced by inoculating FM3A/Luc mouse mammary carcinoma cells into the SiLN. Our results demonstrate that the MXH10/Mo/lpr mouse strain is an excellent model in which to investigate lymphatic drainage and inter-LN metastasis of cancer. This paper unveils the anatomy of murine lymphatics to give new insights into the investigation of inter-LN metastasis of cancer, especially the mechanisms involved in the trafficking of cancer cells through inter-LN vessels. The results provide data that may prove very useful in the quest to develop better lymph drainage-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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24
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Jiang T, Zhu AX, Sahani DV. Established and novel imaging biomarkers for assessing response to therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2013; 58:169-77. [PMID: 22944253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is evolving because of recently introduced novel therapeutic approaches. There is growing recognition that optimal outcome requires choosing treatment tailored to suit each individual patient, necessitating an early and accurate assessment of tumor response to therapy. The established and adapted image biomarkers based on size for tumor burden measurement continues to be applied to HCC as size measurement can easily be used in any clinical practice. However, in the setting of novel targeted therapies and liver directed treatments, simple tumor anatomical changes can be less informative and usually appear later than biological changes. Therefore the importance of image biomarkers such as tumor viability measurement, functional perfusion and diffusion imaging for response assessment is increasingly being recognized. Although promising, these imaging biomarkers have not gone through all the required steps of standardization and validation. In this review, we discuss various established, evolving and emerging imaging biomarkers and the criteria of response evaluation and their challenges in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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25
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Optimization of Acoustic Liposomes for Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Stability. Pharm Res 2012; 30:218-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Quantitative ex-vivo micro-computed tomographic imaging of blood vessels and necrotic regions within tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41685. [PMID: 22848565 PMCID: PMC3404997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for visualizing and quantifying the microvasculature of tumors are essential not only for studying angiogenic processes but also for monitoring the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments. Given the relatively limited information that can be gleaned from conventional 2-D histological analyses, there has been considerable interest in methods that enable the 3-D assessment of the vasculature. To this end, we employed a polymerizing intravascular contrast medium (Microfil) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in combination with a maximal spheres direct 3-D analysis method to visualize and quantify ex-vivo vessel structural features, and to define regions of hypoperfusion within tumors that would be indicative of necrosis. Employing these techniques we quantified the effects of a vascular disrupting agent on the tumor vasculature. The methods described herein for quantifying whole tumor vascularity represent a significant advance in the 3-D study of tumor angiogenesis and evaluation of novel therapeutics, and will also find potential application in other fields where quantification of blood vessel structure and necrosis are important outcome parameters.
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