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Coperchini F, Greco A, Petrosino E, Croce L, Teliti M, Marchesi N, Pascale A, Calì B, Pignatti P, Magri F, Uddin M, Rotondi M. Selective anti-CXCR2 receptor blockade by AZD5069 inhibits CXCL8-mediated pro-tumorigenic activity in human thyroid cancer cells in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02410-6. [PMID: 38900374 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Current therapies are successful, however some patients progress to therapeutically refractive disease. The immunotherapeutic potential of the CXCL8-chemokine/CXCR2-chemokine-receptor system is currently being explored in numerous human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate if the targeting of CXCR2 by its selective antagonist, AZD5069, could modulate CXCL8-mediated pro-tumorigenic effects in thyroid-cancer (TC) cells in vitro. METHODS Normal human primary thyroid cells (NHT) and TC cell lines TPC-1 (RET/PTC), BCPAP, 8505C and 8305C (BRAFV600e) were treated with AZD5069 (100 pM-10 µM) over a time-course. Viability and proliferation were assessed by WST-1 and crystal violet assays. CXCL8 and CXCR2 mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR. CXCL8-protein concentrations were measured in cell culture supernatants by ELISA. CXCR2 on cell surface was evaluated by flow-cytometry. Cell-migration was assessed by trans-well-migration chamber-system. RESULTS AZD5069 exerted negligible effects on cell proliferation or viability. AZD5069 significantly reduced CXCR2, (but not CXCL8) mRNAs in all cell types. CXCR2 was reduced on the membrane of some TC cell lines. A significant reduction of the CXCL8 secretion was found in TPC-1 cells (basal-secretion) and NHT (TNFα-induced secretion). AZD5069 significantly reduced basal and CXCL8-induced migration in NHT and different TC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the involvement of the CXCL8/CXCR2-axis in promoting pro-tumorigenic effects in TC cells, further demonstrating its immunotherapeutic significance in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Petrosino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Teliti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - N Marchesi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Pascale
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Calì
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - P Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Uddin
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Mӧlndal, Sweden
| | - M Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Horvath L, Puschmann C, Scheiber A, Martowicz A, Sturm G, Trajanoski Z, Wolf D, Pircher A, Salcher S. Beyond binary: bridging neutrophil diversity to new therapeutic approaches in NSCLC. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:457-474. [PMID: 38360439 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant myeloid cell subtype in the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor microenvironment (TME). By anti- or protumor polarization, they impact multiple aspects of tumor biology and affect sensitivity to conventional therapies and immunotherapies. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have unraveled an extensive neutrophil heterogeneity, helping our understanding of their pleiotropic role. In this review we summarize recent data and models on tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) biology, focusing on the diversity that evolves in response to tumor-intrinsic cues. We categorize available transcriptomic profiles from different cancer entities into a defined set of neutrophil subclusters with distinct phenotypic properties, to step beyond the traditional binary N1/2 classification. Finally, we discuss potential ways to exploit these neutrophil states in the setting of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Horvath
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Constanze Puschmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Scheiber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Boehringer Ingelheim International Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Yu X, Li C, Wang Z, Xu Y, Shao S, Shao F, Wang H, Liu J. Neutrophils in cancer: dual roles through intercellular interactions. Oncogene 2024; 43:1163-1177. [PMID: 38472320 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in human blood, play crucial and diverse roles in tumor development. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer cells regulate the recruitment and behaviors of neutrophils, transforming some of them into a pro-tumor phenotype. Pro-tumor neutrophils interact with cancer cells in various ways to promote cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis, while anti-tumor neutrophils interact with cancer cells to induce senescence and death. Neutrophils can also interact with other cells in TME, including T cells, macrophages, stromal cells, etc. to exert anti- or pro-tumor functions. In this review, we will analyze the anti- and pro-tumor intercellular interactions mediated by neutrophils, with a focus on generalizing the mechanisms underlying the interaction of neutrophils with tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of cancer treatment strategies targeting neutrophil-mediated cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Changhui Li
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zijin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangwei Shao
- Biomedical and Heath Translational Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Haining, China
- -University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Biomedical and Heath Translational Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Haining, China.
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Oh A, Pardo M, Rodriguez A, Yu C, Nguyen L, Liang O, Chorzalska A, Dubielecka PM. NF-κB signaling in neoplastic transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:291. [PMID: 37853467 PMCID: PMC10585759 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of innate and adaptive immunity and major mediators of inflammatory signaling. The NF-κB signaling is dysregulated in a significant number of cancers and drives malignant transformation through maintenance of constitutive pro-survival signaling and downregulation of apoptosis. Overactive NF-κB signaling results in overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and/or growth factors leading to accumulation of proliferative signals together with activation of innate and select adaptive immune cells. This state of chronic inflammation is now thought to be linked to induction of malignant transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, subversion of adaptive immunity, and therapy resistance. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of NF-κB signaling in induction and maintenance of invasive phenotypes linked to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. In this review we summarize reported links of NF-κB signaling to sequential steps of transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes. Understanding the involvement of NF-κB in EMT regulation may contribute to formulating optimized therapeutic strategies in cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Makayla Pardo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Anaelena Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Connie Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Anna Chorzalska
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA.
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Wu Z, Wu Y, Liu Z, Song Y, Ge L, Du T, Liu Y, Liu L, Liu C, Ma L. L1CAM deployed perivascular tumor niche promotes vessel wall invasion of tumor thrombus and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:112. [PMID: 37015905 PMCID: PMC10073121 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of tumor cells in the bloodstream, and vasculature adhesion at metastatic sites are crucial for tumor metastasis. Perivascular invasion aids tumor cell self-renewal, survival, and formation of metastases by facilitating readily available oxygen, nutrients, and endothelial-derived paracrine factors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most prevalent tumors of the urinary system, and the formation of venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is a characteristic feature of RCC. We observed high expression of L1CAM in the VTT with vessel wall invasion. L1CAM promotes the adhesion, migration, and invasion ability of RCC and enhances metastasis by interacting with ITGA5, which elicits activation of signaling downstream of integrin α5β1. L1CAM promotes ADAM17 transcription to facilitate transmembrane ectodomain cleavage and release of soluble L1CAM. In response to soluble L1CAM, vascular endothelial cells release several cytokines and chemokines. Endothelial-derived CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 promote the migration and intravasation of RCC toward endothelial cells suggesting that crosstalk between endothelial cells and tumor cells has a direct guiding role in driving the metastatic spread of RCC. LICAM plays a crucial role in the invasive ability of RCC, and regulation of L1CAM expression may contribute therapeutically to preventing RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tan Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yunchong Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China.
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
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Seto-Tetsuo F, Arioka M, Miura K, Inoue T, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Sasaguri T. DIF-1 exhibits anticancer activity in breast cancer via inhibition of CXCLs/CXCR2 axis-mediated communication between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109913. [PMID: 36812674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), largely composed of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in cancer progression. A small molecule, differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) secreted by Dictyostelium discoideum, is known to exhibit anticancer activity; however, its effect on the TME remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of DIF-1 on the TME using mouse triple-negative breast cancer 4T1-GFP cells, mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and mouse primary dermal fibroblasts (DFBs). Polarization of 4T1 cell-conditioned medium-induced macrophage into TAMs was not affected by DIF-1. In contrast, DIF-1 decreased 4T1 cell co-culturing-induced C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL5, and CXCL7 expression in DFBs and suppressed DFB differentiation into CAF-like cells. Additionally, DIF-1 inhibited C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression in 4T1 cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissue samples excised from breast cancer-bearing mice showed that DIF-1 did not affect the number of CD206-positive TAMs; however, it decreased the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs and CXCR2 expression. These results indicated that the anticancer effect of DIF-1 was partially attributed to the inhibition of CXCLs/CXCR2 axis-mediated communication between breast cancer cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Seto-Tetsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biochemical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takeru Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Yu F, Huang X, Zhou D, Zhao Z, Wu F, Qian B, Wang Q, Chen J, Liang Q, Jiang Y, Ding Q, He Q, Tang J, Wang X, Liu W, Chen C. Genetic, DNA methylation, and immune profile discrepancies between early-stage single primary lung cancer and synchronous multiple primary lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36611170 PMCID: PMC9824942 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the possible carcinogenesis and help better diagnose and treat patients with synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (sMPLC), we systematically investigated the genetic and DNA methylation profiles of early-stage sMPLC and single primary lung cancer (SPLC) and explored the immune profiles in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Hundred and ninety-one patients with 191 nodules in the SPLC group and 132 patients with 295 nodules in the sMPLC group were enrolled. All the samples were subjected to wide panel-genomic sequencing. Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium Human Methylation 850 K BeadChip. RNA-seq and CIBERSORT analyses were performed to identify the immune characteristics in these two groups. RESULTS Lesions from sMPLC patients had lower TMB levels than that from SPLC patients. sMPLC had a similar genetic mutational landscape with SPLC, despite some subgroup genetic discrepancies. Distinct DNA methylation patterns were identified between the two groups. The differentially methylated genes were related to immune response pathways. RNA-seq analyses revealed more immune-related DEGs in sMPLC. Accordingly, more immune-related biological processes and pathways were identified in sMPLC. Aberrant DNA methylation was associated with the abnormal expression of immune-related genes. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the infiltration of immune cells was different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time demonstrated genetic, epigenetic, and immune profile discrepancies between sMPLC and SPLC. Relative to the similar genetic mutational landscape, the DNA methylation patterns and related immune profiles were significantly different between sMPLC and SPLC, indicating their essential roles in the initiation and development of sMPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Yu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Danting Zhou
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Banglun Qian
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Liang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Ding
- grid.512993.5Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongzhi He
- grid.512993.5Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Wu X, Xia J, Wang Z, Xu Z, Liu K, Fu X, Deng H. Feiyanning downregulating CXCLs/CXCR2 axis to suppress TANs infiltration in the prevention of lung cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115277. [PMID: 35427725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play an important role in tumor metastasis. The Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Feiyanning (FYN) has been clinically proven to effectively prevent the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer, improve immunity, and prolong the survival period of lung cancer patients. However, its anti-metastatic immune mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To this end, we studied the mechanism of FYN's regulation of neutrophils infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anti-metastatic mechanism of FYN from the perspective of anti-immunosuppressive phenotype neutrophils infiltration in the TME. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCM network pharmacological analysis was used to predict Feiyanning effective target. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of immune cell subsets in the TME. Lung metastases were investigated in C57 mice by tail vein injection. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS FYN could reshape the tumor immune microenvironment. It prevents Tregs, M2 macrophages, and neutrophils infiltration, as well as recruits T cells, NK cells, and DCs, and improves DCs activation. In addition, FYN could regulate the polarization of TANs, inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils with an immunosuppressive phenotype, downregulate CXCLs/CXCR2 axis and inhibitory factors like Arg-1 and TGF-β, and up-regulate the immune effector molecule ICAM-1. Furthermore, FYN increases anti-tumor immune effects in the TME to prevent tumor cells from spreading to the lungs. CONCLUSION This study clarifies the potential mechanism of FYN in regulating neutrophils infiltration and anti-metastasis. FYN may regulate neutrophils infiltration in the TME by regulating CXCLs/CXCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jinli Xia
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Kaile Liu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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9
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Ge X, He J, Wang L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu G, Liu W, Shu Y, Gong W, Ma XL, Wang Y, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Epigenetic alterations of CXCL5 in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155713. [PMID: 35660107 PMCID: PMC9290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] is associated with an increased risk of cancers, but the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CXCL5 levels in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and plasma from workers with occupational exposure to Cr(VI) were dramatically upregulated compared to non-exposure healthy subjects, and plasma C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) CXCL5 levels were positively correlated with Cr concentrations in subjects' toenails. Zinc chromate exposed mice showed higher levels of CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 in lung tissues, and in PBMCs. Similar CXCL5 upregulation was evident in Cr(VI)-induced transformed (Cr-T) cells with long-term Cr(VI) treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that elevated CXCL5 expression levels were regulated by Cr(VI)-induced histone modifications and DNA hypomethylation, and that the c-Myc/p300 complex was a key upstream regulator of histone H3 acetylation. CXCL5 overexpression promoted Cr(VI)-induced the epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT) by upregulating zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) to promote tumor development. Our findings identify a novel mechanism by which CXCL5 is upregulated and promotes EMT and carcinogenesis upon chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Our work also implies that CXCL5 mRNA and protein levels will elevate in PBMCs and serum after occupational Cr(VI) exposure, which may be a potential target and biomarker for cancer prevention and health surveillance among populations exposed to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Changzhou Center of Disease Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Occupational Health, Jiangsu Center of Disease Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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10
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Urbantat RM, Jelgersma C, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S, Acker G. Combining TMZ and SB225002 induces changes of CXCR2 and VEGFR signalling in primary human endothelial cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:158. [PMID: 35856448 PMCID: PMC9350968 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard of care therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) consisting of surgical removal, temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy fails to cure the disease and median survival is limited to 15 months. Therapeutic approaches targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, one of the major drivers of tumour growth, have not prolonged patient survival as reported in clinical studies. Apart from VEGFR signalling, proangiogenic C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is of special interest as its ligands C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and interleukin-8 (IL8) are upregulated and associated with reduced survival in GBM patients. As CXCR2 is also expressed by endothelial cells, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of combination therapy on gene and protein expression of primary human endothelial cells (HUVECs). To mimic the GBM specific CXCL2/IL8 oversupply environment [referred to as stimulation (STIM)], HUVECs were treated with a cocktail of CXCL2/IL8 and/or TMZ and/or CXCR2-antagonist SB225002 (SB). In brief, six treatment conditions were utilized: i) Control, ii) STIM (CXCL2/IL8), iii) TMZ + SB, iv) STIM + TMZ, v) STIM + SB, vi) STIM + TMZ + SB followed by either RNA-isolation and RT-qPCR for BAX, BCL2, vascular endothelial growth receptor (VEGFR)1/2, VEGF, CXCR1/2, CXCL2 and IL8 or immunofluorescence staining for VEGFR2 and CXCR2. SB and TMZ led to morphological changes of HUVECs and downregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 in vitro. In addition, gene expression of the alternative proangiogenic CXCL2/IL8/CXCR2 signalling pathway was significantly altered by the combination therapy, while the VEGF/VEGFR1/2 axis was only mildly affected. Furthermore, VEGFR2 and CXCR2 gene and protein expression regulation differed. VEGFR2 was not altered at the gene expression level, while combination therapy with TMZ and SB led to a 74% upregulation of VEGFR2 at the protein level. By contrast, CXCR2 was upregulated 5-fold by the combination therapy at the gene expression level and downregulated by 72.5% at the protein expression level. The present study provided first insights into the molecular changes of two major proangiogenic pathways in primary endothelial cells during treatment with TMZ and SB. Different gene and protein expression levels of the proangiogenic receptors CXCR2 and VEGFR2 in vitro must be taken into consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Urbantat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudius Jelgersma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gueliz Acker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Tokaz MC, Baik CS, Houghton AM, Tseng D. New Immuno-oncology Targets and Resistance Mechanisms. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1201-1218. [PMID: 35980521 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized the field of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); currently, most patients with advanced disease receive upfront ICI either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. These advances have recently extended into early-stage NSCLC, with ICI incorporation into neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment regimens. However, despite these successes, immunotherapy (IO) resistance remains a fundamental challenge in NSCLC, introducing a central quandary of how to precisely select the appropriate IO therapy or IO combination therapy for each individual patient. To address this vital need in the field, there has been an explosion of research in immuno-oncology to identify mechanisms of resistance, ranging from genomic alterations in the tumor to immunosuppressive conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). There remain many questions about how this complex interplay between the tumor and the immune microenvironment translates into clinical phenotypes of primary and acquired resistance. In NSCLC, a number of novel therapeutics are being developed to prevent and overcome resistance to ICI. Particular promise has been shown with therapeutics targeting novel T cell immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeting innate immune cells in the TME, chief among these cells are natural killer cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Further research into tissue-based and non-invasive biomarkers that can be prospectively integrated into therapeutic trial design will be critical to advance the field's understanding of individual resistance patterns and enable the ultimate goal of precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Tokaz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina S Baik
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane Tseng
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Mail Stop LG-540, 825 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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12
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Liu J, Wang J, Tian W, Xu Y, Li R, Zhao K, You C, Zhu Y, Bartsch JW, Niu H, Zhang H, Shu K, Lei T. PDCD10 promotes the aggressive behaviors of pituitary adenomas by up-regulating CXCR2 and activating downstream AKT/ERK signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6066-6080. [PMID: 35963638 PMCID: PMC9417224 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As the second most common primary intracranial neoplasms, about 40% of pituitary adenomas (PAs) exhibit aggressive behaviors and resulting in poor patient prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressive behaviors of PAs are not yet fully understood. Biochemical studies have reported that programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) is a component of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex and plays a dual role in cancers in a tissue- or disease-specific manner. In the present study, we report for the first time that the role of PDCD10 in PAs. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were either enhanced by overexpressing or inhibited by silencing PDCD10 in PA cells. Moreover, PDCD10 significantly promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pituitary adenoma cells. Mechanistically, we showed that the expression of CXCR2, together with phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2 were regulated by PDCD10. Activation of CXCR2 inversed inactivation of AKT/ERK signal pathways and the tumor-suppressive effects induced by PDCD10 silencing. Finally, the pro-oncogenic effect of PDCD10 was confirmed by in vivo tumor grafting. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that PDCD10 can induce aggressive behaviors of PAs by promoting cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT through CXCR2-AKT/ERK signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Hongquan Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqiu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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hMRP8-ATTAC Mice: A New Model for Conditional and Reversible Neutrophil Ablation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152346. [PMID: 35954190 PMCID: PMC9367557 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are not only crucial immune cells for the neutralization of pathogens during infections, but they are also key players in tissue repair and cancer. Several methods are available to investigate the in vivo role of neutrophils in these conditions, including the depletion of neutrophils with neutralizing antibodies against Ly6G, or the blockade of neutrophil recruitment with CXCR2 inhibitors. A limited number of transgenic mouse models were generated that rely on the disruption of genes important for neutrophil development or on the injection of diphtheria toxin to induce neutrophil ablation. However, these methods have various limitations, including a lack of neutrophil specificity, a lack of long-term efficacy, or a lack of the ability to conditionally deplete neutrophils. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse model for the inducible and reversible ablation of neutrophils using the ATTAC (Apoptosis Through Targeted Activation of Caspase 8) approach. With the ATTAC strategy, which relies on the expression of the caspase 8-FKBP fusion protein, apoptosis is induced upon administration of a chemical dimerizer (FK506 analogue) that facilitates the dimerization and activation of caspase 8. In order to achieve specific neutrophil depletion, we cloned the ATTAC construct under the human migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (hMRP8) promotor. The newly generated hMRP8-ATTAC mice expressed high levels of the transgene in neutrophils, and, as a consequence, dimerizer injection induced an efficient reduction of neutrophil levels in all the organs analyzed under homeostatic conditions. In situations with extensive pressure on the bone marrow to mobilize neutrophils, for instance in the context of cancer, effective neutrophil depletion in this model requires further optimization. In conclusion, we here describe the generation and characterization of a new transgenic model for conditional neutrophil ablation and highlight the need to improve the ATTAC strategy for the depletion of large numbers of rapidly generated short-lived cells, such as neutrophils.
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14
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Baci D, Cekani E, Imperatori A, Ribatti D, Mortara L. Host-Related Factors as Targetable Drivers of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914890. [PMID: 35874749 PMCID: PMC9298844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some significant therapeutic breakthroughs leading to immunotherapy, a high percentage of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not respond to treatment on relapse, thus experiencing poor prognosis and survival. The unsatisfying results could be related to the features of the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamic interactions between a tumor and immune infiltrate. Host-tumor interactions strongly influence the course of disease and response to therapies. Thus, targeting host-associated factors by restoring their physiologic functions altered by the presence of a tumor represents a new therapeutic approach to control tumor development and progression. In NSCLC, the immunogenic tumor balance is shifted negatively toward immunosuppression due to the release of inhibitory factors as well as the presence of immunosuppressive cells. Among these cells, there are myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells that can generate a tumor-permissive milieu by reprogramming the cells of the hosts such as tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells that acquire tumor-supporting phenotypes and functions. This review highlights the current knowledge of the involvement of host-related factors, including innate and adaptive immunity in orchestrating the tumor cell fate and the primary resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy in NSCLC. Finally, we discuss combinational therapeutic strategies targeting different aspects of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to prime the host response. Further research dissecting the characteristics and dynamic interactions within the interface host-tumor is necessary to improve a patient fitness immune response and provide answers regarding the immunotherapy efficacy, with the aim to develop more successful treatments for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elona Cekani
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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15
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Qiu J, Li M, Su C, Liang Y, Ou R, Chen X, Huang C, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Liao W, Zhang C. FOXS1 Promotes Tumor Progression by Upregulating CXCL8 in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894043. [PMID: 35898871 PMCID: PMC9309265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box S1 (FOXS1) is a member of the forkhead box (FOX) transcriptional factor superfamily. The biological roles and underlying regulatory mechanism of FOXS1 in CRC remain unclear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression FOXS1 in CRC. MTT assay, transwell assay, human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation assay, and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay were performed to investigate the effects of FOXS1 on proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Additionally, tumor formation assay and orthotopic implantation assay were used to investigate the effects of FOXS1 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the correlation between FOXS1 and EMT or angiogenesis. The correlation between FOXS1 and CXCL8 expression was analyzed in clinical CRC samples using IHC. Results The results showed that FOXS1 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal intestine tissues. A high FOXS1 expression is positively correlated with poor survival. FOXS1 promoted the malignant behavior of CRC cancer cells in vitro, including proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. In addition, FOXS1 promoted tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, FOXS1 upregulated the expression of C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) at the transcriptional level. Knockdown of CXCL8 blocked FOXS1 induced the enhancement of the EMT and angiogenesis. GSEAs in public CRC datasets revealed strong correlations between FOXS1 expression and EMT marker and angiogenesis markers. IHC showed that FOXS1 expression was positively correlated with CXCL8 expression and CD31 expression in clinical CRC samples. Conclusion The results suggest that FOXS1 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by upregulating CXCL8 in CRC. Interference with the FOXS1/CXCL8 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailin Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Liang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhang Ou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Ye, ; Wenting Liao, ; Chao Zhang,
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Ye, ; Wenting Liao, ; Chao Zhang,
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Ye, ; Wenting Liao, ; Chao Zhang,
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16
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Chemokines and NSCLC: Emerging role in prognosis, heterogeneity, and therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:233-246. [PMID: 35787939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer persists to contribute to one-quarter of cancer-associated deaths. Among the different histologies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alone accounts for 85% of the cases. The development of therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors has increased patients' survival probability and reduced mortality rates. Developing targeted therapies against essential genetic alterations also translates to better treatment strategies. But the benefits still seem farfetched due to the development of drug resistance and refractory tumors. In this review, we have highlighted the interplay of different tumor microenvironment components, essentially discussing the chemokine families (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) that regulate the tumor biology in NSCLC and promote tumor growth, metastasis, and associated heterogeneity. The development of therapeutics and prognostic markers is a complex and multipronged approach. However, some essential chemokines can act as critical players for being considered potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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17
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Murashka DI, Tahanovich AD, Kauhanka MM, Gotko OV, Prokhorova VI. On the issue of diagnostic value of determining the level of receptors and their ligands in blood in non-small cell lung cancer. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:277-285. [PMID: 35613346 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-5-277-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occupies the first place in the structure of mortality due to oncological diseases. Late diagnosis worsens the effectiveness of its treatment. There are no informative biomarkers that allow us to judge the prevalence of the tumor process, especially in the early stages of NSCLC. To determine the level of CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC to assess the possibility of their use in the diagnosis of the disease. The material was the blood of 218 patients with NSCLC, 19 patients with lung hamartoma and 42 healthy people. The concentration of CXCL5, CXCL8, and SCC in blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay, the CYFRA 21-1 level was determined by immunochemiluminescence analysis. The proportion of leukocytes equipped with CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors and the fluorescence intensity of receptor complexes with antibodies (MFI) in them were measured by flow cytometry. MFI CXCR1 in granulocytes and the proportion of lymphocytes supplied CXCR2, increased in the blood already at stage I of NSCLC and showed an even more significant increase in subsequent stages. The level of these indicators was correlatively related to the stages and characteristics of NSCLC. Measuring the level of MFI CXCR1 in the blood serum makes it possible to diagnose the early stages of NSCLC with a sensitivity of 87.4% (specificity - 73.8%). Determination of the proportion of lymphocytes equipped with CXCR2 demonstrates comparable diagnostic sensitivity (87.2%) and specificity of 66.7% in the detection of stages I-II of NSCLC. MFI CXCR1 in granulocytes can also be used to differentiate stages I and II of NSCLC (diagnostic sensitivity - 75,3%, specificity - 69,6%). The sensitivity of determining for this purpose the proportion of lymphocytes equipped with CXCR2 is 75.0% with a specificity of 71.7%. In 89.7% of patients with stages III-IV NSCLC, the MFI CXCR1 in granulocytes exceeds the threshold value of 47.8 (specificity - 74.8%). Diagnostic sensitivity of determining the proportion of lymphocytes for this purpose was 90.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Murashka
- Belarusian stage medical university, Belarusian Ministry of Health
| | - A D Tahanovich
- Belarusian stage medical university, Belarusian Ministry of Health
| | - M M Kauhanka
- Belarusian stage medical university, Belarusian Ministry of Health
| | - O V Gotko
- N.N. Alexandrov Republican Scientific-Practical Centre of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Belarusian Ministry of Health
| | - V I Prokhorova
- N.N. Alexandrov Republican Scientific-Practical Centre of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Belarusian Ministry of Health
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18
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Simoncello F, Piperno GM, Caronni N, Amadio R, Cappelletto A, Canarutto G, Piazza S, Bicciato S, Benvenuti F. CXCL5-mediated accumulation of mature neutrophils in lung cancer tissues impairs the differentiation program of anticancer CD8 T cells and limits the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2059876. [PMID: 35402081 PMCID: PMC8993093 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2059876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tumor-infiltrating neutrophils are known to support growth and dissemination of cancer cells and to suppress T cell responses. However, the precise impact of tissue neutrophils on programming and differentiation of anticancer CD8 T cells in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we identified cancer cell-autonomous secretion of CXCL5 as sufficient to drive infiltration of mature, protumorigenic neutrophils in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consistently, CXCL5 transcripts correlate with neutrophil density and poor prognosis in a large human lung adenocarcinoma compendium. CXCL5 genetic deletion, unlike antibody-mediated depletion, completely and selectively prevented neutrophils accumulation in lung tissues. Depletion of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils promoted expansion of tumor-specific CD8 T cells, differentiation into effector cells and acquisition of cytolytic functions. Transfer of effector CD8 T cells into neutrophil-rich tumors, inhibited IFN-ϒ production, indicating active suppression of effector functions. Importantly, blocking neutrophils infiltration in the lung, overcame resistance to checkpoint blockade. Hence, this study demonstrates that neutrophils curb acquisition of cytolytic functions in lung tumor tissues and suggests targeting of CXCL5 as a strategy to restore anti-tumoral T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Simoncello
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Piperno
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Caronni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Amadio
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra Cappelletto
- School of Cardiovascular Sciences, King’s College London, James Black Centre, London
| | - Giulia Canarutto
- Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
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19
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CXCR2 Receptor: Regulation of Expression, Signal Transduction, and Involvement in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042168. [PMID: 35216283 PMCID: PMC8878198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine receptors identified to date is CXCR2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose most known ligands are CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL1 (GRO-α). In this article we present a comprehensive review of literature concerning the role of CXCR2 in cancer. We start with regulation of its expression at the transcriptional level and how this regulation involves microRNAs. We show the mechanism of CXCR2 signal transduction, in particular the action of heterotrimeric G proteins, phosphorylation, internalization, intracellular trafficking, sequestration, recycling, and degradation of CXCR2. We discuss in detail the mechanism of the effects of activated CXCR2 on the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we describe the involvement of CXCR2 in cancer. We focused on the importance of CXCR2 in tumor processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells as well as the effects of CXCR2 activation on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cellular senescence. We also discuss the importance of CXCR2 in cell recruitment to the tumor niche including tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
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20
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Saxena S, Molczyk C, Purohit A, Ehrhorn E, Goel P, Prajapati DR, Atri P, Kaur S, Grandgenett PM, Hollingsworth MA, Batra SK, Singh RK. Differential expression profile of CXC-receptor-2 ligands as potential biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:68-90. [PMID: 35141005 PMCID: PMC8822283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of early detection markers of pancreatic cancer (PC) disease is highly warranted. We analyzed the expression profile of different CXC-receptor-2 (CXCR2) ligands in PC cases for the potential of biomarker candidates. Analysis of different PDAC microarray datasets with matched normal and pancreatic tumor samples and next-generation sequenced transcriptomics data using an online portal showed significantly high expression of CXCL-1, 3, 5, 6, 8 in the tumors of PC patients. High CXCL5 expression was correlated to poor PC patient survival. Interestingly, mRNA and protein expression analysis of human PC cell lines showed higher CXCL2, 3, and 5 expressions in cell lines derived from metastatic sites than primary tumors. Furthermore, we utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate the expression of CXCR2 ligands in the human PC tumors and observed positive staining for CXCL1, 3, and 8 with a higher average IHC composite score of CXCL3 in the PC tissue specimens than the normal pancreas. We also observed an increase in the expression of mouse CXCL1, 3, and 5 in the pre-cancerous lesions of tumors and metastasis tissues derived from the PDX-cre-LSL-KrasG12D mouse model. Together, our data suggest that different CXCR2 ligands show the potential of being utilized as a diagnostic biomarker in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Caitlin Molczyk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Abhilasha Purohit
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Evie Ehrhorn
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Paran Goel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Dipakkumar R Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5845, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5845, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5845, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985950 Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
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21
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Zhang C, Wang XY, Zhang P, He TC, Han JH, Zhang R, Lin J, Fan J, Lu L, Zhu WW, Jia HL, Zhang JB, Chen JH. Cancer-derived exosomal HSPC111 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:57. [PMID: 35027547 PMCID: PMC8758774 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer. The communication between cancer-derived exosomes and stroma plays an irreplaceable role in facilitating pre-metastatic niche formation and cancer metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation during colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here we identified HSPC111 was the leading upregulated gene in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) incubated with CRC cell-derived exosomes. In xenograft mouse model, CRC cell-derived exosomal HSPC111 facilitated pre-metastatic niche formation and CRC liver metastases (CRLM). Consistently, CRC patients with liver metastasis had higher level of HSPC111 in serum exosomes, primary tumors and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in liver metastasis than those without. Mechanistically, HSPC111 altered lipid metabolism of CAFs by phosphorylating ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), which upregulated the level of acetyl-CoA. The accumulation of acetyl-CoA further promoted CXCL5 expression and secretion by increasing H3K27 acetylation in CAFs. Moreover, CXCL5-CXCR2 axis reinforced exosomal HSPC111 excretion from CRC cells and promoted liver metastasis. These results uncovered that CRC cell-derived exosomal HSPC111 promotes pre-metastatic niche formation and CRLM via reprogramming lipid metabolism in CAFs, and implicate HSPC111 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Chen He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Fan Y, He S. The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1-17. [PMID: 35018117 PMCID: PMC8740624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of breast cancers with high intrinsic heterogeneity. Its unique immune microenvironment, including high expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a dual role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of TNBC. Understanding the TNBC microenvironment is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of TNBC. In this article, we describe the composition and function of immune cells in the TNBC microenvironment and summarize the major cytokine growth factors and chemokines in the TNBC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the progress of TNBC, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Hariprabu KNG, Sathya M, Vimalraj S. CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy: A review with a special focus on tumor angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:913-930. [PMID: 34655593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a critical target for cancer treatment and its inhibition has become a common anticancer approach following chemotherapy. However, due to the simultaneous activation of different compensatory molecular mechanisms that enhance tumor angiogenesis, clinically authorized anti-angiogenic medicines are ineffective. Additionally, medications used to treat cancer have an effect on normal body cells; nonetheless, more research is needed to create new cancer therapeutic techniques. With advances in molecular biology, it is now possible to use gene-editing technology to alter the genome and study the functional changes resulting from genetic manipulation. With the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, it has become a very powerful tool for altering the genomes of many organisms. It was determined that CRISPR/Cas9, which first appeared in bacteria as a part of an adaptive immune system, could be used, in modified forms, to alter genomes and function. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 could be a major step forward to cancer management by providing patients with an effective method for dealing with cancers by dissecting the carcinogenesis pathways, identifying new biologic targets, and perhaps arming cancer cells with drugs. Hence, this review will discuss the current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in tumor angiogenesis research for the purpose of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthusamy Sathya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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24
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Wen YC, Liu YN, Yeh HL, Chen WH, Jiang KC, Lin SR, Huang J, Hsiao M, Chen WY. TCF7L1 regulates cytokine response and neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:81. [PMID: 34799554 PMCID: PMC8604986 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is associated with WNT signaling activation and can be significantly observed after failure of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostatic adenocarcinomas. Cytokine signaling is stimulated in NED prostate cancer; however, how ADT-upregulated WNT signaling promotes activation of cytokine signaling and contributes to NED of prostate cancer is poorly understood. In this study, we identified ADT-mediated upregulation of transcription factor 7 like 1 (TCF7L1), which increases the cytokine response and enhances NED of prostate cancer through interleukin (IL)-8/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) signaling activation. ADT induced the secretion of WNT4 which upon engagement of TCF7L1 in prostate cancer cells, enhanced IL-8 and CXCR2 expressions. TCF7L1 directly binds to the regulatory sequence region of IL-8 and CXCR2 through WNT4 activation, thus upregulating IL-8/CXCR2 signaling-driven NED and cell motility. Analysis of prostate tissue samples collected from small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumors showed an increased intensity of nuclear TCF7L1 associated with CXCR2. Our results suggest that induction of WNT4/TCF7L1 results in increased NED and malignancy in prostate cancer that is linked to dysregulation of androgen receptor signaling and activation of the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lien Yeh
- General Education Development Center, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Morales-Valencia J, David G. The Contribution of Physiological and Accelerated Aging to Cancer Progression Through Senescence-Induced Inflammation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747822. [PMID: 34621683 PMCID: PMC8490756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are found to accumulate in aged individuals, as well as in cancer patients that receive chemotherapeutic treatment. Although originally believed to halt cancer progression due to their characteristic growth arrest, senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete a combination of inflammatory agents, growth factors and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the contribution of senescent cells to cancer progression through their ability to alter cancer cells’ properties and to generate a microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that senescent cells are able resume proliferation and drive cancer relapse, pointing to the use of senolytics and SASP modulators as a potential approach to prevent tumor resurgence following treatment cessation. Thus, a better understanding of the hallmarks of senescence and the impact of the SASP will allow the development of improved targeted therapeutic strategies to leverage vulnerabilities associated with this cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Seitlinger J, Prieto M, Guerrera F, Streit A, Gauchotte G, Siat J, Falcoz PE, Massard G, Ferri L, Spicer J, Renaud S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is correlated to driver gene mutations in surgically-resected non-small cell lung cancer and its post-operative evolution impacts outcomes. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 23:e29-e42. [PMID: 34583910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to evaluate prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its correlation to oncogenic drivers. We retrospectively reviewed data of patients who underwent anatomic lung resection for NSCLC and whose mutational status was known, from 4 department of thoracic surgery, over the period 2008 to 2019. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). Clinical and molecular factors were investigated in the univariate and multivariate analysis for their association with the primary endpoints. RESULTS 2027 patients were included in the analysis. Correlations between NLR and OS (R2=0.21), NLR and TTR (R2=0.085) were significant (P<0.0001), with corresponding Pearson R of -0.46 (P<0.0001) and -0.292 (P<0.001), respectively. ROC curve analysis defined NLR cut-off value at 4.07. In the univariable analysis, the median OS was 66 months (95% CI: 62.94 - 69.06) in case of pre-operative NLR ≤ 4.07 and 38 months (95% CI: 36.73 - 39.27) in case of pre-operative NLR > 4.07 (P<0.0001), with corresponding 5-y OS of 72% and 29% respectively. Median TTR was associated with pre-operative NLR. Median TTR was 25 months (95% CI: 21.52 - 28.48) in case of pre-operative NLR ≤ 4.07 and 17 months (95% CI: 16.04 - 17.96) in case of pre-operative NLR > 4.07 (P<0.0001), with corresponding 5-years TTR of 18% and 9% respectively. Significant correlations between NLR >4.07 and KRAS (Cramer's V = 0.082, P < 0.0001) and EGFR mutations (Cramer's V = 0.064, P = 0.004) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Low pre-operative NLR is associated with longer OS in patients with resected NSCLC. Low pre-operative NLR is not associated with longer TTR in multivariate analysis. Correlation between the high NLR and KRAS/EGFR mutations were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Seitlinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France.
| | - Mathilde Prieto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Arthur Streit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Joelle Siat
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Gilbert Massard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Renaud
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France
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27
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Ozkan E, Bakar-Ates F. The Trinity of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Inflammation, and Cancer: A Literature Review of Recent Updates. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:206-221. [PMID: 32178620 PMCID: PMC7499348 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666191023141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The critical link between cancer and inflammation has been known for many years. This complex network was further complexed by revealing the association of the matrix metalloproteinase family members with inflammatory cytokines, which were previously known to be responsible for the development of metastasis. This article summarizes the current studies which evaluate the relationship between cancer and inflammatory microenvironment as well as the roles of MMPs on invasion and metastasis together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erva Ozkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Aloe C, Wang H, Vlahos R, Irving L, Steinfort D, Bozinovski S. Emerging and multifaceted role of neutrophils in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2806-2818. [PMID: 34295679 PMCID: PMC8264329 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that cigarette smoking is a shared risk factor for lung cancer and the debilitating lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the severity of COPD increases, so does the risk for developing lung cancer, independently of pack years smoked. Neutrophilic inflammation increases with COPD severity and anti-inflammatories such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can modulate neutrophil function and cancer risk. This review discusses the biology of tumour associated neutrophils (TANs) in lung cancer, which increase in density with tumour progression, particularly in smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is now increasingly recognized that neutrophils are responsive to the tumour microenvironment (TME) and polarize into distinct phenotypes that operate in an anti- (N1) or pro-tumorigenic (N2) manner. Intriguingly, the emergence of the pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotype increases with tumour growth, to suggest that cancer cells and the surrounding stroma can re-educate neutrophils. The neutrophil itself is a potent source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), arginase, proteases and cytokines that paradoxically can exert a potent immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes including cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Indeed, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a systemic biomarker that is elevated in lung cancer patients and prognostic for poor survival outcomes. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms by which neutrophil derived mediators can suppress CTL function. Selective therapeutic strategies designed to suppress pathogenic neutrophils in NSCLC may cooperate with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to increase CTL killing of cancer cells in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aloe
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Inhibition of CXCR2 plays a pivotal role in re-sensitizing ovarian cancer to cisplatin treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13405-13420. [PMID: 34038868 PMCID: PMC8202899 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
cDNA microarray data conducted by our group revealed overexpression of CXCL2 and CXCL8 in ovarian cancer (OC) microenvironment. Herein, we have proven that the chemokine receptor, CXCR2, is a pivotal molecule in re-sensitizing OC to cisplatin, and its inhibition decreases cell proliferation, viability, tumor size in cisplatin-resistant cells, as well as reversed the overexpression of mesenchymal epithelium transition markers. Altogether, our study indicates a central effect of CXCR2 in preventing tumor progression, due to acquisition of cisplatin chemoresistant phenotype by tumor cells, and patients' high lethality rate. We found that the overexpression of CXCR2 by OC cells is persistent and anomalously confined to the cellular nuclei, thus pointing to an urge in developing highly lipophilic molecules that promptly permeate cells, bind to and inhibit nuclear CXCR2 to fight OC, instead of relying on the high-cost genetic engineered cells.
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Unver N. Identification of the dominant angiogenic CXCL class chemokines associated with non-small cell lung cancer via bioinformatics tools. Med Oncol 2021; 38:68. [PMID: 33983509 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines play a critical role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. In non-small cell lung cancer, the determination of dominant angiogenic CXCL-type chemokines may increase the efficacy of targeted therapy and modulate the prognosis of lung cancer. Also, chemokine and chemokine receptors shape the immune response in the cross-talk between both cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this computational evaluation study based on databases containing mostly RNA-seq analyses, it is aimed to determine the dominant angiogenic CXCL-type chemokines with the highest expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and particularly in non-small cell lung cancer cells. CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL7, and CXCL8, which can potentially be co-regulated and associated with poor survival, and phagocyte infiltration including neutrophils and macrophages are predominantly identified in non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, the receptors of these chemokines, CXCR1 (binding CXCL8) and CXCR2 (binding CXCL1, 5, 7, 8), are positively correlated with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. With the discovery of the common regulatory mechanisms of these angiogenic chemokines and validation studies in clinical examples, the chemokine panels specific to non-small cell lung cancer will become clear and have a decisive role in the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Unver
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ahmed M, Daoud GH, Mohamed A, Harati R. New Insights into the Therapeutic Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050723. [PMID: 34066014 PMCID: PMC8150278 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally and is among the leading causes of death in women. Its heterogenic nature is a result of the involvement of numerous aberrant genes that contribute to the multi-step pathway of tumorigenesis. Despite the fact that several disease-causing mutations have been identified, therapy is often aimed at alleviating symptoms rather than rectifying the mutation in the DNA sequence. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a groundbreaking tool that is being utilized for the identification and validation of genomic targets bearing tumorigenic potential. CRISPR/Cas9 supersedes its gene-editing predecessors through its unparalleled simplicity, efficiency and affordability. In this review, we provide an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism and discuss genes that were edited using this system for the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, we shed light on the delivery methods—both viral and non-viral—that may be used to deliver the system and the barriers associated with each. Overall, the present review provides new insights into the potential therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for the advancement of breast cancer treatment.
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Tan HW, Xu YM, Qin SH, Chen GF, Lau ATY. Epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis in lung cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3194-3206. [PMID: 33078404 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, in which angiogenesis is highly required for lung cancer cell growth and metastasis. Genetic regulation of this multistep process is being studied extensively, however, relatively less is known about the epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis in lung cancer. Several epigenetic alterations contribute to regulating angiogenesis, such as epimodifications of DNA, posttranslational modification of histones, and expression of noncoding RNAs. Here, we review the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis and discuss the potential clinical applications of epigenetic-based anticancer therapy in lung cancer. Overall, epigenetic-based therapy will likely emerge as a prominent approach to treat lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wee Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Hai Qin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Feng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Strong MJ, Rocco S, Taichman R, Clines GA, Szerlip NJ. Dura promotes metastatic potential in prostate cancer through the CXCR2 pathway. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:33-42. [PMID: 33835371 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal metastases are common in cancer. This preferential migration/growth in the spine is not fully understood. Dura has been shown to affect the surrounding microenvironment and promote cancer growth. Here, we investigate the role of dural cytokines in promoting the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) and the involvement of the CXCR2 signaling pathway. METHODS The role of dural conditioned media (DCM) in proliferation, migration and invasion of five PCa cell lines with various hormone sensitivities was assessed in the presence or absence of the CXCR2 inhibitor, SB225002. CXCR2 surface protein was examined by FACS. Cytokine levels were measured using a mouse cytokine array. RESULTS We observed high levels of cytokines produced by dura and within the vertebral body bone marrow, namely CXCL1 and CXCL2, that act on the CXCR2 receptor. All prostate cell lines treated with DCM demonstrated significant increase in growth, migration and invasion regardless of androgen sensitivity, except PC3, which did not significantly increase in invasiveness. When treated with SB225002, the growth response to DCM by cells expressing the highest levels of CXCR2 as measured by FACS (LNCaP and 22Rv1) was blunted. The increase in migration was significantly decreased in all lines in the presence of SB225002. Interestingly, the invasion increase seen with DCM was unchanged when these cells were treated with the CXCR2 inhibitor, except PC3 did demonstrate a significant decrease in invasion. CONCLUSION DCM enhances the metastatic potential of PCa with increased proliferation, migration and invasion. This phenomenon is partly mediated through the CXCR2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3552 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sabrina Rocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3552 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Russell Taichman
- School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Szerlip
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3552 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Cheng Y, Mo F, Li Q, Han X, Shi H, Chen S, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting CXCR2 inhibits the progression of lung cancer and promotes therapeutic effect of cisplatin. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:62. [PMID: 33814009 PMCID: PMC8019513 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-resistance and severe side effects of chemotherapeutic agents result in unsatisfied survival of patients with lung cancer. CXCLs/CXCR2 axis plays an important role in progression of cancer including lung cancer. However, the specific anti-cancer mechanism of targeting CXCR2 remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCR2 was performed on the microarray of tumor tissues of clinical lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. CCK8 test, TUNEL immunofluorescence staining, PI-Annexin V staining, β-galactosidase staining, and Western blot were used to verify the role of CXCR2 in vitro. Animal models of tail vein and subcutaneous injection were applied to investigate the therapeutic role of targeting CXCR2. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed for further mechanistic investigation. Results The expression of CXCR2 was elevated in both human lung cancer stroma and tumor cells, which was associated with patients’ prognosis. Inhibition of CXCR2 promoted apoptosis, senescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and anti-proliferation of lung cancer cells. In vivo study showed that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were significantly infiltrate into tumor tissues of mouse model, with up-regulated CXCLs/CXCR2 signaling and suppressive molecules, including Arg-1 and TGF-β. SB225002, a selective inhibitor of CXCR2 showed promising therapeutic effect, and significantly reduced infiltration of neutrophils and enhanced anti-tumor T cell activity via promoting CD8+ T cell activation. Meanwhile, blockade of CXCR2 could enhance therapeutic effect of cisplatin via regulation of neutrophils infiltration. Conclusions Our finds verify the therapeutic effects of targeting CXCR2 in lung cancer and uncover the potential mechanism for the increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by antagonists of CXCR2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01355-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Lee S, Hong JH, Kim JS, Yoon JS, Chun SH, Hong SA, Kim EJ, Kang K, Lee Kang J, Ko YH, Ahn YH. Cancer-associated fibroblasts activated by miR-196a promote the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:92-103. [PMID: 33775710 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote the migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells when they are activated through diverse processes, including post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). To identify the miRNAs that regulate CAF activation, we used NanoString to profile miRNA expression within normal mouse lung fibroblasts (LFs) and CAFs. Based on NanoString profiling, miR-196a was selected as a candidate that was up-regulated in CAFs. miR-196a-overexpressed LFs (LF-196a) promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in co-culture systems (Transwell migration and spheroid invasion assays). ANXA1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-196a, and adding back ANXA1 to LF-196a restored the cancer cell invasion promoted by miR-196a. miR-196a increased CCL2 secretion in fibroblasts, and that was suppressed by ANXA1. Furthermore, blocking CCL2 impeded cancer spheroid invasion. In lung adenocarcinoma patients, high miR-196a expression was associated with poor prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that CAF-specific miR-196a promotes lung cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment via ANXA1 and CCL2 and that miR-196a will be a good therapeutic target or biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Hong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yoon
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea.
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Zhang W, Wang H, Sun M, Deng X, Wu X, Ma Y, Li M, Shuoa SM, You Q, Miao L. CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor microenvironment as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 40:69-80. [PMID: 32237072 PMCID: PMC7163794 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, especially chemokines, are currently attracting much attention from scientists. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the important chemokines in TME. Overexpression of CXCL5 is closely related to the survival time, recurrence and metastasis of cancer patients. In TME, CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis can act as a bridge between tumor cells and host cells in TME. Blocking the transmission of CXCL5/CXCR2 signals can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of immunotherapy and slow down tumor progression. CXCL5 and CXCR2 are also regarded as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and molecular targets for customizing the treatment. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the biological functions and clinical significance of CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in TME. The possibility to use CXCL5 and CXCR2 as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Wu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yilan Ma
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Said Maisam Shuoa
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiang You
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Liu W, Jiang K, Wang J, Mei T, Zhao M, Huang D. Upregulation of GNPNAT1 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:605754. [PMID: 33842535 PMCID: PMC8027087 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.605754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNPNAT1) is a key enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which functions as promoting proliferation in some tumors, yet its potential biological function and mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been explored. METHODS The mRNA differential expression of GNPNAT1 in LUAD and normal tissues was analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated by real-time PCR. The clinical value of GNPNAT1 in LUAD was investigated based on the data from the TCGA database. Then, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of GNPNAT1 was applied to verify the expression and clinical significance in LUAD from the protein level. The relationship between GNPNAT1 and epigenetics was explored using the cBioPortal database, and the miRNAs regulating GNPNAT1 were found using the miRNA database. The association between GNPNAT1 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in LUAD was observed through the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Finally, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the biological signaling pathways involved in GNPNAT1 in LUAD. RESULTS GNPNAT1 was upregulated in LUAD compared with normal tissues, which was verified through qRT-PCR in different cell lines (P < 0.05), and associated with patients' clinical stage, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis status (all P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis suggested that patients with upregulated GNPNAT1 had a relatively poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that GNPNAT1 was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD (OS, TCGA dataset: HR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.013-1.044, P < 0.001; OS, validation set: HR = 1.313, 95% CI: 1.130-1.526, P < 0.001). GNPNAT1 overexpression was correlated with DNA copy amplification (P < 0.0001), low DNA methylation (R = -0.52, P < 0.0001), and downregulation of hsa-miR-30d-3p (R = -0.17, P < 0.001). GNPNAT1 expression was linked to B cells (R = -0.304, P < 0.0001), CD4+T cells (R = -0.218, P < 0.0001), and dendritic cells (R = -0.137, P = 0.002). Eventually, GSEA showed that the signaling pathways of the cell cycle, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mismatch repair and p53 were enriched in the GNPNAT1 overexpression group. CONCLUSION GNPNAT1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and novel target for intervention in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Hu J, Zhao Q, Kong LY, Wang J, Yan J, Xia X, Jia Z, Heimberger AB, Li S. Regulation of tumor immune suppression and cancer cell survival by CXCL1/2 elevation in glioblastoma multiforme. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabc2511. [PMID: 33571109 PMCID: PMC7840139 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The invasiveness and high immune suppression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) produce poor survival of afflicted patients. Unfortunately, in the past decades, no therapeutic approach has remarkably improved the survival time of patients with GBM. Our analysis of the TCGA database and brain tumor tissue arrays indicated that CXCL1 and CXCL2 overexpression is closely associated with GBM's aggressiveness. Our results showed that elevation of CXCL1 or CXCL2 facilitated myeloid cell migration and simultaneously disrupted CD8+ T cell accumulation at tumor sites, causing accelerated tumor progression. Yet, blockade of CXCL1/2 significantly prevented myeloid-derived suppressor cell migration and thereby increased CD8+ T cell accumulation in vitro and in vivo. CXCL1/2 also promoted the paracrine factor S100A9 and further activated Erk1/2 and p70S60k, whereas blocking CXCL1/2 down-regulated these prosurvival factors. The combination of targeting CXCL1/2 and standard temozolomide chemotherapy improved upon the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy alone, extending the overall survival time in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling-Yuan Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Reyes N, Figueroa S, Tiwari R, Geliebter J. CXCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:15-24. [PMID: 34286438 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is driven, to a large extent, by the action of immune cells that have been recruited to tumor sites through interactions between chemokines and their receptors. Chemokines of the CXC subfamily are secreted by both tumor and non-tumor cells within the microenvironment of the tumor, where they induce either antitumor or protumor activity that fosters either clearance or progression of the tumor, respectively. Understanding the nature of these interactions is important to envisage novel approaches targeting the essential components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the odds for favorable patient outcomes. In this chapter we describe the involvement of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) in the human tumor microenvironment and its effects on immune and non-immune cells. Because of the limited data on the CXCL3 signaling in the tumor microenvironment, we extend the review to other members of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. This review also addresses the future trends or directions for therapeutic interventions that target signaling pathways used by these molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niradiz Reyes
- School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Stephanie Figueroa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Mutalifu N, Du P, Zhang J, Akbar H, Yan B, Alimu S, Tong L, Luan X. Circ_0000215 Increases the Expression of CXCR2 and Promoted the Progression of Glioma Cells by Sponging miR-495-3p. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820957026. [PMID: 33089764 PMCID: PMC7586024 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820957026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, accumulating studies have found that circular RNA (circRNA) exerts a great effect on tumor progression. Circ_0000215, a novel circRNA, remains largely unknown in terms of its effect and mechanism in glioma. METHOD Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to detect the expressions of circ_0000215, miR-495-3p and CXCR2 in human glial cell line HEB and glioma cell lines (A172, U251, U87, SHG-44, LN-18), human glioma tissues and adjacent healthy tissues. Gain- and loss-assays of circ_0000215 were conducted. Cell proliferation ability was detected via the CCK8 assay, and cell invasion ability was examined by Transwell assay. CXCR2 expression was evaluated via RT-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, bioinformatics was applied to analyze the targeting molecules of circ_0000215 and CXCR2. Verification of the relationship between these molecules were supported through the dual-luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunocoprecipitation (RIP) assay. RESULTS Circ_0000215 and CXCR2 were remarkably upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Overexpression of circ_0000215 notably promoted the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but inhibited apoptosis of glioma cells, while knocking down circ_0000215 had the opposite effects. Additionally, miR-495-3p, a sponge RNA of circ_0000215, inhibited the growth, invasion and EMT of glioma cells. Mechanistically, miR-495-3p targeted CXCR2 and negatively regulated CXCR2/PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the effects of miR-495-3p were all dampened by overexpression of circ_0000215. CONCLUSION These data demonstrated that circ_0000215 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA by sponging miR-495-3p, thus accelerating glioma progression through CXCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurehemaiti Mutalifu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Halik Akbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sulaiman Alimu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinping Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, 223527Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Zhu F, He H, Fan L, Ma C, Xu Z, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou G. Blockade of CXCR2 suppresses proinflammatory activities of neutrophils in ulcerative colitis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5237-5251. [PMID: 33042416 PMCID: PMC7540107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one chronically remittent and progressive inflammatory disorder. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. However, how CXCR2 modulate mucosal inflammation in UC is still obscure. In this study, CXCR2 expression was determined in inflamed mucosa and peripheral blood cells from patients with UC by qRT-PCR. Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood were pretreated with CXCR2 inhibitor (SB225002), and proinflammatory mediators were examined by qRT-PCR, ELISA and IF. The migratory capacity of neutrophils after SB225002 treatment was examined by using Transwell plate. Furthermore, SB225002 was administrated daily in DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that CXCR2 expression was significantly increased in colonic mucosal tissues and peripheral blood cells from patients with active UC. Besides, CXCR2 was highly expressed in neutrophils, and was positively correlated with disease activity. Inhibition of CXCR2 in neutrophils decreased the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), MPO, S100a8, S100a9, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6, and the migratory capacity of neutrophils was markedly impaired after SB225002 treatment. Moreover, blockade of CXCR2 with SB225002 could markedly ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice. In summary, CXCR2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of UC through modulating immune responses of neutrophils. Blockade of CXCR2 may serve as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cuimei Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
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42
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Tang W, Li Z, Li X, Huo Z. High CXCR2 expression predicts poor prognosis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620720958586. [PMID: 32973988 PMCID: PMC7493249 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720958586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the associations between clinical parameters, long-term outcomes, and expression of chemokine receptor CXCR2 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS From May 2013 to May 2017, 83 adult patients newly diagnosed with AML in the Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University and Jilin Chemical Hospital, were enrolled in this study. The expression of CXCR2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Clinical information and RNA-sequencing datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 136) were obtained. The associations between clinical parameters, prognosis, and CXCR2 expression were analyzed. RESULTS From both cohorts, patients with AML with M4 and M5 subtypes showed higher CXCR2 expression levels than those with other French-American-British (FAB) subtypes. Patients with extramedullary leukemia infiltration had higher CXCR2 levels than those without. In our cohort, patients with high CXCR2 levels (⩾2.099) had lower relapse-free survival (RFS) (p < 0.000001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.000107) than those with low levels (<2.099). High CXCR2 levels (⩾2.082) also indicated a poor OS in the TCGA cohort but only in patients younger than 65 years (5-year OS: 7.7% versus 29.9% in those with CXCR2 levels < 2.082). High CXCR2 levels independently predicted poor prognosis in AML patients, as determined by Cox proportional hazards models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that high CXCR2 expression associates with the monocytic lineage of AML and is an independent risk factor for poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zunyan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Hematology, Jilin Chemical Hospital, Jilin 132021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Huo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
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Jaillon S, Ponzetta A, Di Mitri D, Santoni A, Bonecchi R, Mantovani A. Neutrophil diversity and plasticity in tumour progression and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:485-503. [PMID: 32694624 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in defence against infection and in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) have emerged as an important component of the tumour microenvironment. Here, they can exert dual functions. TANs can be part of tumour-promoting inflammation by driving angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, metastasis and immunosuppression. Conversely, neutrophils can also mediate antitumour responses by direct killing of tumour cells and by participating in cellular networks that mediate antitumour resistance. Neutrophil diversity and plasticity underlie the dual potential of TANs in the tumour microenvironment. Myeloid checkpoints as well as the tumour and tissue contexture shape neutrophil function in response to conventional therapies and immunotherapy. We surmise that neutrophils can provide tools to tailor current immunotherapy strategies and pave the way to myeloid cell-centred therapeutic strategies, which would be complementary to current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Jaillon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy.
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Diletta Di Mitri
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy.
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Li W, Yang D, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Li D, Liu M. Long non‑coding RNA PLK1S1 was associated with renal cell carcinoma progression by interacting with microRNA‑653 and altering C‑X‑C chemokine receptor 5 expression. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1985-1996. [PMID: 33000253 PMCID: PMC7551503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of renal cancer. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to play a vital role in the development and progression of various types of cancer type. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PLK1S1 in regulating RCC progression remain unclear. In the present study, PLK1S1 was upregulated in RCC tissues and cells, and PLK1S1 expression was also significantly elevated in stage IV RCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high PLK1S1 expression had a shorter overall survival time compared with those with low PLK1S1 expression. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PLK1S1 inhibited microRNA (miR)-653 expression by direct interaction. Functional analyses demonstrated that a miR-653 inhibitor promoted short hairpin PLK1S1-attenuated cell proliferation, invasion and sorafenib resistance of RCC cells. In addition, C-X-C motif chemokine receptors 5 (CXCR5) was identified as an effector of PLK1S1/miR-653-mediated tumorigenesis and drug resistance in RCC cells. Lastly, xenograft experiments demonstrated that PLK1S1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis revealed that PLK1S1 knockdown upregulated the expression level of miR-653, whilst downregulating the expression level of CXCR5. In conclusion, the present study revealed that PLK1S1 promoted tumor progression and sorafenib resistance in RCC through regulation of the miR-653/CXCR5 axis, which may offer a novel treatment strategy for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Dengke Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Shutian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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Guo N, Wen Y, Wang C, Kang L, Wang X, Liu X, Soulika AM, Liu B, Zhao M, Han X, Lv P, Xing L, Zhang X, Shen H. Lung adenocarcinoma-related TNF-α-dependent inflammation upregulates MHC-II on alveolar type II cells through CXCR-2 to contribute to Treg expansion. FASEB J 2020; 34:12197-12213. [PMID: 33000506 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000166rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MHC-II on alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells is associated with immune tolerance in an inflammatory microenvironment. Recently, we found TNF-α upregulated MHC-II in AT-II in vitro. In this study, we explored whether TNF-α-mediated inflammation upregulates MHC-II on AT-II cells to trigger Treg expansion in inflammation-driven lung adenocarcinoma (IDLA). Using urethane-induced mice IDLA model, we found that IDLA cells mainly arise from AT-II cells, which are the major source of MHC-II. Blocking urethane-induced inflammation by TNF-α neutralization inhibited tumorigenesis and reversed MHC-II upregulation on tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin in IDLA. MHC-II-dependent AT-II cells were isolated from IDLA-induced Treg expansion. In human LA samples, we found high expression of MHC-II in tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin, which was correlated with increased Foxp3+ T cells infiltration as well as CXCR-2 expression. CXCR-2 and MHC-II colocalization was observed in inflamed lung tissue and IDLA cells of AT-II cellular origin. Furthermore, at the pro-IDLA inflammatory stage, TNF-α-neutralization or CXCR-2 deficiency inhibited the upregulation of MHC-II on AT-II cells in inflamed lung tissue. Thus, tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin contribute to Treg expansion in an MHC-II-dependent manner in TNF-α-mediated IDLA. At the pro-tumor inflammatory stage, TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation plays an important role in MHC-II upregulation on AT-II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lifei Kang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bowei Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojing Han
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wu QY, Yang CK, Rong LJ, Li JC, Lei LM. Investigation of the association between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor subunits and tumor infiltration levels and prognosis in patients with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 32774489 PMCID: PMC7406880 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the malignancies with the highest morality rate due to postoperative local invasion and distant metastasis. Although C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) subunits have been reported as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer, the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in PDAC remains poorly understood. In the present study, the expression levels and biological functions of CXCR subunits were investigated using multiple publicly accessible bioinformatic platforms and databases. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in 112 early-stage PDAC cases by setting the median expression levels as the cut-off values. A nomogram was constructed to combine CXCR subunit expression levels and clinical data for prognosis prediction. Moreover, the association between CXCR subunit expression levels and tumor infiltration levels were detected in PDAC. The expression levels of CXCR subunits were elevated in PDAC tumor tissues. In the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, high CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCR6 expression levels in early-stage PDAC were associated with a more favorable prognosis. Further, it was demonstrated that the differential expression levels of CXCR subunits in PDAC for combined survival analysis could contribute to risk stratification. The nomogram model demonstrated the contribution of CXCR subunits and clinical features in the prognosis of PDAC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that CXCR subunits serve a role in immunomodulatory functions. The expression levels and somatic copy number alterations of CXCR subunits were associated with tumor infiltration levels in PDAC. CXCR subunits were associated with prognosis in patients with early-stage PDAC and may be potential drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Rong
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Chan Li
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Long-Ming Lei
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
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Chen W, Gao C, Liu Y, Wen Y, Hong X, Huang Z. Bioinformatics Analysis of Prognostic miRNA Signature and Potential Critical Genes in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:478. [PMID: 32582275 PMCID: PMC7296168 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to lay a foundation for studying the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colon cancer by applying bioinformatics methods to identify miRNAs and their potential critical target genes associated with colon cancer and prognosis. Data of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) downloaded from two independent databases (TCGA and GEO) and analyzed by R software resulted in 472 DEMs and 565 DEGs in colon cancers, respectively. Next, we developed an 8-miRNA (hsa-mir-6854, hsa-mir-4437, hsa-mir-216a, hsa-mir-3677, hsa-mir-887, hsa-mir-4999, hsa-mir-34b, and hsa-mir-3189) prognostic signature for patients with colon cancer by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. To predict the target genes of these miRNAs, we used TargetScan and miRDB. The intersection of DEGs with the target genes predicted for these eight miRNAs retrieved 112 consensus genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed these 112 genes were mainly involved in protein binding, one-carbon metabolic process, nitrogen metabolism, proteoglycans in cancer, and chemokine signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction network of the consensus genes, constructed using the STRING database and imported into Cytoscape, identified 14 critical genes in the pathogenesis of colon cancer (CEP55, DTL, FANCI, HMMR, KIF15, MCM6, MKI67, NCAPG2, NEK2, RACGAP1, RRM2, TOP2A, UBE2C, and ZWILCH). Finally, we verified the critical genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the GEO data, and further mined the core genes involved in colon cancer. In summary, this study identified an 8-miRNA model that can effectively predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients and 14 critical genes with vital roles in colon cancer carcinogenesis. Our findings contribute new ideas for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of colon cancer carcinogenesis and provide new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for future treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Marine Biomedical Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update. Genes Environ 2020; 42:18. [PMID: 32467737 PMCID: PMC7227337 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high ratio of mortality. Regarding the late diagnosis, there is a high ratio of distant metastasis among GC cases. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is not still an efficient therapeutic method to increase survival rate of metastatic GC cases. Main body Apart from the various intracellular signaling pathways which are involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis, the local microenvironment is also a critical regulator of tumor cell migration. Indeed, the intracellular signaling pathways also exert their final metastatic roles through regulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, it is required to assess the role of extra cellular components in biology of GC. Conclusion In the present review, we summarize 48 of the significant ECM components including 17 ECM modifying enzymes, seven extracellular angiogenic factors, 13 cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers, seven matricellular proteins and growth factors, and four proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins. This review paves the way of determination of a specific extra cellular diagnostic and prognostic panel marker for the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xia L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Chen G, Luo J. EZH2 enhances expression of CCL5 to promote recruitment of macrophages and invasion in lung cancer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:1011-1019. [PMID: 31855281 PMCID: PMC7818479 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) regulates epigenetic gene silencing and functions as critical regulators in various tumor progression. Macrophages infiltration promotes cancer development via stimulating tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the effect of EZH2 on macrophages infiltration, cell invasion, and migration of lung cancer remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of EZH2 inhibited macrophages chemotaxis and decreased chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Wound‐healing and transwell assays results showed that migration and invasion of lung cancer cells was inhibited by EZH2 deletion. Moreover, EZH2 overexpression increased CCL5 expression. Loss‐of functional assay indicated that the promotion ability of EZH2 on macrophages chemotaxis was inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. Mechanistically, the promotion ability of EZH2 on cell migration and invasion of lung cancer was also inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. The in vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model also revealed that silence of EZH2 suppressed lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via regulation of CCL5. In conclusion, our findings indicated that EZH2 promoted lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via upregulation of CCL5, which might be the underlying mechanism of EZH2‐induced lung cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
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Niu Y, Tang D, Fan L, Gao W, Lin H. CCL25 promotes the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating VEGF and MMPs in a CCR9-dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3571-3580. [PMID: 32346420 PMCID: PMC7185084 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its natural secreted ligand CC motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) have been implicated in cancer metastasis. However, their metastatic potential in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. In the present study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and localization of CCR9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-7 in lung cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue. The association between the expression of CCR9 and clinical variables was also examined. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were conducted to detect the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, MMP-1 and MMP-7 in lung cancer cell lines (A549 and SK-MES-1). Migration and invasion assays were conducted to examine cell migration and invasion. Survival and mutation analysis were conducted using published datasets. The expressions of CCR9, VEGF, MMP-1 and MMP-7 were upregulated in cancer tissue, compared with adjacent normal tissue (all P<0.05). Patients with lower expression of CCR9 or CCL25 had better overall survival (OS) compared with those with higher CCR9 or CCL25 expression (P<0.05 and P=0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the expressions of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, MMP-1 and MMP-7 were higher in the CCL25-treated cell lines (all P<0.05), but MMP-7 protein expression was not affected by CCL25 treatment in SK-MES-1 cells (P>0.05). Following treatment with CCL25, lung cancer cells demonstrated higher migratory and invasive potential, which could be blocked by the CCR9 antibody (P<0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated that low expression levels of both CCR9 and CCL25 mRNA indicated favorable OS in patients with NSCLC. Altogether, these results suggested that CCL25 enhanced the phenotype associated with migration and invasion in NSCLC by regulating the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, MMP-1 and MMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxu Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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