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Hu Z, Li M, Chen Y, Chen L, Han Y, Chen C, Lu X, You N, Lou Y, Huang Y, Huo Z, Liu C, Liang C, Liu S, Deng K, Chen L, Chen S, Wan G, Wu X, Fu Y, Xu A. Disruption of PABPN1 phase separation by SNRPD2 drives colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration through promoting alternative polyadenylation of CTNNBIP1. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1212-1225. [PMID: 38811444 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Generally shortened 3' UTR due to alternative polyadenylation (APA) is widely observed in cancer, but its regulation mechanisms for cancer are not well characterized. Here, with profiling of APA in colorectal cancer tissues and poly(A) signal editing, we firstly identified that the shortened 3' UTR of CTNNIBP1 in colorectal cancer promotes cell proliferation and migration. We found that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of PABPN1 is reduced albeit with higher expression in cancer, and the reduction of LLPS leads to the shortened 3' UTR of CTNNBIP1 and promotes cell proliferation and migration. Notably, the splicing factor SNRPD2 upregulated in colorectal cancer, can interact with glutamic-proline (EP) domain of PABPN1, and then disrupt LLPS of PABPN1, which attenuates the repression effect of PABPN1 on the proximal poly(A) sites. Our results firstly reveal a new regulation mechanism of APA by disruption of LLPS of PABPN1, suggesting that regulation of APA by interfering LLPS of 3' end processing factor may have the potential as a new way for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery) & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases & Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Liutao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nan You
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yawen Lou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhanfeng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Susu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ke Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liangfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery) & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases & Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Yonggui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wang Z, Hu J, Chen J, Zhang J, Li W, Tian Y, Liu H, Yang X. ICAT promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via binding to JUP and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24678. [PMID: 36036768 PMCID: PMC9551128 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor (ICAT) is a direct negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is an attractive therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence suggests that ICAT interacts with other proteins to exert additional functions, which are not yet fully elucidated. Methods The overexpression of ICAT of CRC cells was conducted by lentivirus infection and plasmids transfection and verified by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of ICAT on the mobility of CRC cells was assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. New candidate ICAT‐interacting proteins were explored and verified using the STRING database, silver staining, co‐immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis (Co‐IP/MS), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis. Result Inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor overexpression promoted in vitro cell migration and invasion and tumor metastasis in vivo. Co‐IP/MS analysis and STRING database analyses revealed that junction plakoglobin (JUP), a homolog of β‐catenin, was involved in a novel protein interaction with ICAT. Furthermore, JUP downregulation impaired ICAT‐induced migration and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, ICAT overexpression activated the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which led to enhanced CRC cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor promoted CRC cell migration and invasion by interacting with JUP and the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, ICAT could be considered a protein diagnostic biomarker for predicting the metastatic ability of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiancong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hu J, Wang Z, Chen J, Yu Z, Zhang J, Li W, Lin M, Yang X, Liu H. Overexpression of ICAT Inhibits the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Binding with β-Catenin in the Cytoplasm. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211041253. [PMID: 34569368 PMCID: PMC8485569 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor (ICAT) was first found as a polypeptide that blocks β-catenin–TCF interaction. Abundant evidence has shown that ICAT has different functions in diverse cancers’ progression. Nevertheless, the roles it plays in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been described. Here, we documented that ICAT expression was higher in CRC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue and that prognosis was better in high-ICAT expression patients. The overexpression of ICAT inhibited CRC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Wnt pathway transcriptional activity was suppressed in the CRC cells with ICAT overexpression, where the CCND1 and MYC expression, which occurs downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway, was inhibited. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that ICAT bound with β-catenin in stable overexpression cell lines; immunofluorescence showed the co-localization of ICAT and β-catenin in the cytoplasm. Overall, our study reveals that ICAT inhibits CRC cell proliferation by binding to cytoplasm-located β-catenin, and prevents its translocation, which results in Wnt signaling pathway inactivation. It may provide a scientific foundation for focusing on ICAT in treatments for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Huanliang Liu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Lazăr AD, Dinescu S, Costache M. The Non-Coding Landscape of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: A Possible Route to Efficient Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113378. [PMID: 33203119 PMCID: PMC7696690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered to be highly lethal if not diagnosed in early stages, cutaneous malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human cancers, and its incidence continues to rise, largely due to ultraviolet radiation exposure, which is the main carcinogenic factor. Over the years, researchers have started to unveil the molecular mechanisms by which malignant melanoma can be triggered and sustained, in order to establish specific, reliable biomarkers that could aid the prognosis and diagnosis of this fatal disease, and serve as targets for development of novel efficient therapies. The high mutational burden and heterogeneous nature of melanoma shifted the main focus from the genetic landscape to epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications, aiming at elucidating the role of non-coding RNA molecules in the fine tuning of melanoma progression. Here we review the contribution of microRNAs and lncRNAs to melanoma invasion, metastasis and acquired drug resistance, highlighting their potential for clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea D. Lazăr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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The Alteration of CTNNBIP1 in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225684. [PMID: 31766223 PMCID: PMC6888110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a major component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and is known to play a role in lung tumorigenesis. β-catenin-interacting protein 1 (CTNNBIP1) is a known repressor of β-catenin transactivation. However, little is known about the role of CTNNBIP1 in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to carry out a molecular analysis of CTNNBIP1 and its effect on β-catenin signaling, using samples from lung cancer patients and various lung cancer cell lines. Our results indicate a significant inverse correlation between the CTNNBIP1 mRNA expression levels and the CTNNBIP1 promoter hypermethylation, which suggests that the promoter hypermethylation is responsible for the low levels of CTNNBIP1 present in many lung cancer patient samples. The ectopic expression of CTNNBIP1 is able to reduce the β-catenin transactivation; this then brings about a decrease in the expression of β-catenin-targeted genes, such as matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7). Conversely, CTNNBIP1 knockdown is able to increase β-catenin transactivation and the expression of MMP7. In agreement with these findings, a low level of CTNNBIP1 was found to be correlated with a high level of MMP7 when a publicly available microarray dataset for lung cancer was analyzed. Also, in agreement with the above, the ectopic expression of CTNNBIP1 inhibits the migration of lung cancer cells, whereas the CTNNBIP1 knockdown increases cancer cell migration. Our findings suggest that CTNNBIP1 is a suppressor of cancer migration, thus making it a potential prognostic predictor for lung cancer.
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Wang P, Sun S, Ma H, Sun S, Zhao D, Wang S, Liang X. Treating tumors with minimally invasive therapy: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110198. [PMID: 31923997 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With high level of morbidity and mortality, tumor is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Aiming to tackle tumor, researchers have developed a lot of strategies. Among these strategies, the minimally invasive therapy (MIT) is very promising, for its capability of targeting tumor cells and resulting in a small incision or no incisions. In this review, we will first illustrate some mechanisms and characteristics of tumor metastasis from the primary tumor to the secondary tumor foci. Then, we will briefly introduce the history, characteristics, and advantages of some of the MITs. Finally, emphasis will be, respectively, focused on an overview of the state-of-the-art of the HIFU-, PDT-, PTT-and SDT-based anti-tumor strategies on each stage of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huide Ma
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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7
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Fan X, Song J, Zhao Z, Chen M, Tu J, Lu C, Wu F, Zhang D, Weng Q, Zheng L, Xu M, Ji J. Piplartine suppresses proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by LINC01391-modulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway inactivation through ICAT. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:119-127. [PMID: 31207322 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although piplartine is regarded as an anticancer agent, the relationship between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are involved in various diseases (e.g., tumors) and piplartine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We identified LINC01391 using microarray analysis and validated its expression by qRT-PCR. Functional assays were applied to evaluate the biological effects of LINC01391 and inhibitory of β-catenin and T-cell factor (ICAT) on HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. The binding relationship between LINC01391 and ICAT was determined by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Results showed that piplartine attenuated cell proliferation and invasion but promoted cell apoptosis. Upregulation of LINC01391 induced by piplartine inhibited HCC cell proliferation, invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. LINC01391 interacted with ICAT and promoted its inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as enhanced interaction between β-catenin and ICAT, and dampened interaction of β-catenin and TCF/LEF were induced by overexpression of LINC01391. Knockdown of ICAT also promoted cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our study supported a role for piplartine and LINC01391 in HCC treatment. We found that LINC01391 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and suppressed tumor growth via ICAT.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Piperidones/pharmacology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Chenying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Fazong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Dengke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China; Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China.
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8
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Gajos-Michniewicz A, Czyz M. Role of miRNAs in Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E326. [PMID: 30866509 PMCID: PMC6468614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is a multistep process. Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer and metastasis accounts for the majority of patient deaths. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of their target genes. When aberrantly expressed they contribute to the development of melanoma. While miRNAs can act locally in the cell where they are synthesized, they can also influence the phenotype of neighboring melanoma cells or execute their function in the direct tumour microenvironment by modulating ECM (extracellular matrix) and the activity of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. miRNAs are involved in all stages of melanoma metastasis, including intravasation into the lumina of vessels, survival during circulation in cardiovascular or lymphatic systems, extravasation, and formation of the pre-metastatic niche in distant organs. miRNAs contribute to metabolic alterations that provide a selective advantage during melanoma progression. They play an important role in the development of drug resistance, including resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Distinct profiles of miRNA expression are detected at each step of melanoma development. Since miRNAs can be detected in liquid biopsies, they are considered biomarkers of early disease stages or response to treatment. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs in melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Yang X, Liang R, Liu C, Liu JA, Cheung MPL, Liu X, Man OY, Guan XY, Lung HL, Cheung M. SOX9 is a dose-dependent metastatic fate determinant in melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:17. [PMID: 30642390 PMCID: PMC6330758 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this research, we aimed to resolve contradictory results whether SOX9 plays a positive or negative role in melanoma progression and determine whether SOX9 and its closely related member SOX10 share the same or distinct targets in mediating their functions in melanoma. Methods Immunofluorescence, TCGA database and qPCR were used to analyze the correlation between the expression patterns and levels of SOX9, SOX10 and NEDD9 in melanoma patient samples. AlamarBlue, transwell invasion and colony formation assays in melanoma cell lines were conducted to investigate the epistatic relationship between SOX10 and NEDD9, as well as the effects of graded SOX9 expression levels. Lung metastasis was determined by tail vein injection assay. Live cell imaging was conducted to monitor dynamics of melanoma migratory behavior. RHOA and RAC1 activation assays measured the activity of Rho GTPases. Results High SOX9 expression was predominantly detected in patients with distant melanoma metastases whereas SOX10 was present in the different stages of melanoma. Both SOX9 and SOX10 exhibited distinct but overlapping expression patterns with metastatic marker NEDD9. Accordingly, SOX10 was required for NEDD9 expression, which partly mediated its oncogenic functions in melanoma cells. Compensatory upregulation of SOX9 expression in SOX10-inhibited melanoma cells reduced growth and migratory capacity, partly due to elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and lack of NEDD9 induction. Conversely, opposite phenomenon was observed when SOX9 expression was further elevated to a range of high SOX9 expression levels in metastatic melanoma specimens, and that high levels of SOX9 can restore melanoma progression in the absence of SOX10 both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, overexpression of SOX9 can also promote invasiveness of the parental melanoma cells by modulating the expression of various matrix metalloproteinases. SOX10 or high SOX9 expression regulates melanoma mesenchymal migration through the NEDD9-mediated focal adhesion dynamics and Rho GTPase signaling. Conclusions These results unravel NEDD9 as a common target for SOX10 or high SOX9 to partly mediate their oncogenic events, and most importantly, reconcile previous discrepancies that suboptimal level of SOX9 expression is anti-metastatic whereas high level of SOX9 is metastatic in a heterogeneous population of melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0998-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunxi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jessica Aijia Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Pui Lai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuelai Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - On Ying Man
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Garcia JP, Stein J, Cai Y, Riemers F, Wexselblatt E, Wengel J, Tryfonidou M, Yayon A, Howard KA, Creemers LB. Fibrin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel-based delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for ADAMTS5 inhibition in co-delivered and resident joint cells in osteoarthritis. J Control Release 2018; 294:247-258. [PMID: 30572032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date no disease-modifying drugs for osteoarthritis (OA) are available, with treatment limited to the use of pain killers and prosthetic replacement. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metallo Proteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) enzyme family is thought to be instrumental in the loss of proteoglycans during cartilage degeneration in OA, and their inhibition was shown to reverse osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration. Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (gapmers) released from biomaterial scaffolds for specific and prolonged ADAMTS inhibition in co-delivered and resident chondrocytes, is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here, a gapmer sequence identified from a gapmer screen showed 90% ADAMTS5 silencing in a monolayer culture of human OA chondrocytes. Incorporation of the gapmer in a fibrin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibited a sustained release profile up to 14 days. Gapmers loaded in hydrogels were able to transfect both co-embedded chondrocytes and chondrocytes in a neighboring gapmer-free hydrogel, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Efficient knockdown of ADAMTS5 was shown up to 14 days in both cell populations, i.e. the gapmer-loaded and gapmer-free hydrogel. This work demonstrates the use applicability of a hydrogel as a platform for combined local delivery of chondrocytes and an ADAMTS-targeting gapmer for catabolic gene modulation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Stein
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Frank Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Marianna Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Hu XY, Hou PF, Li TT, Quan HY, Li ML, Lin T, Liu JJ, Bai J, Zheng JN. The roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related lncRNAs in cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:2003-2011. [PMID: 30585264 PMCID: PMC6299370 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), with length of more than 200 nucleotides, are not translated into proteins but involved in multiple diverse diseases, especially tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs greatly contributes to the progression of various tumors through specific signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is associated with malignant features of tumors. The interactions between lncRNAs, which have specific expression characteristics in diverse cancer tissues, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exhibit potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to present research findings on the roles of Wnt pathway-related lncRNAs and their effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling to regulate tumorigenesis in different cancer types. Results may be used as basis to develop or improve strategies for treatment of different carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Hu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ping-Fu Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng-Teng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao-Yu Quan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Le Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Lin
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Jin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Bagati A, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Moparthy S, Kolesnikova K, Fink EE, Lipchick BC, Kolesnikova M, Jowdy P, Polechetti A, Mahpour A, Ross J, Wawrzyniak JA, Yun DH, Paragh G, Kozlova NI, Berman AE, Wang J, Liu S, Nemeth MJ, Nikiforov MA. Melanoma Suppressor Functions of the Carcinoma Oncogene FOXQ1. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2820-2832. [PMID: 28930679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-specific regulation of tumor progression by the same transcription factor is understudied. We find that levels of the FOXQ1 transcription factor, an oncogene in carcinomas, are decreased during melanoma progression. Moreover, in contrast to carcinomas, FOXQ1 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis in melanoma cells. We find that these lineage-specific functions of FOXQ1 largely depend on its ability to activate (in carcinomas) or repress (in melanoma) transcription of the N-cadherin gene (CDH2). We demonstrate that FOXQ1 interacts with nuclear β-catenin and TLE proteins, and the β-catenin/TLE ratio, which is higher in carcinoma than melanoma cells, determines the effect of FOXQ1 on CDH2 transcription. Accordingly, other FOXQ1-dependent phenotypes can be manipulated by altering nuclear β-catenin or TLE proteins levels. Our data identify FOXQ1 as a melanoma suppressor and establish a mechanism underlying its inverse lineage-specific transcriptional regulation of transformed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archis Bagati
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Sudha Moparthy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kateryna Kolesnikova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Emily E Fink
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany C Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masha Kolesnikova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter Jowdy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Polechetti
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amin Mahpour
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jason Ross
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Wawrzyniak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Yun
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Albert E Berman
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail A Nikiforov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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13
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Chen Q, Cai J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu M, Yang J, Zhou J, Kang C, Li M, Jiang C. Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1, Regulated by the EGFR Pathway, Contributes to Glioblastoma Progression Through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway by Scaffolding EZH2. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:684-695. [PMID: 29138341 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
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14
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Erturk K, Tas F, Serilmez M, Bilgin E, Duranyildiz D. Significance of serum neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 9 in melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:204-208. [PMID: 29387415 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9) is a promoter for various cellular functions that result in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to analyse the serum levels of NEDD9 in melanoma patients in order to evaluate its prognostic, predictive and diagnostic value. Data from 112 melanoma patients were retrospectively analyzed and ELISA assays were used to measure serum NEDD9 concentration. The median serum NEDD9 levels of the patients were significantly higher compared with those of the controls. Serum NEDD9 was not found to be associated with any of the clinicopathological parameters, and was also not found to be prognostic for survival in melanoma. Therefore, serum NEDD9 may be of diagnostic value in melanoma, but its usefulness in prognosis remains controversial. The important role of NEDD9 in tumor angiogenesis necessitates efforts to elucidate its interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a therapeutic target for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayhan Erturk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Faruk Tas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Murat Serilmez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Elif Bilgin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Derya Duranyildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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15
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Kang DW, Lee BH, Suh YA, Choi YS, Jang SJ, Kim YM, Choi KY, Min DS. Phospholipase D1 Inhibition Linked to Upregulation of ICAT Blocks Colorectal Cancer Growth Hyperactivated by Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/Akt Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7340-7350. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Jiang Y, Ren W, Wang W, Xia J, Gou L, Liu M, Wan Q, Zhou L, Weng Y, He T, Zhang Y. Inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF (ICAT) promotes cervical cancer growth and metastasis by disrupting E-cadherin/β-catenin complex. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2597-2606. [PMID: 29048651 PMCID: PMC5780012 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF (ICAT) blocks the binding of TCF to β-catenin and has been demonstrated as a suppressor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It has been reported to exert a different function around a wide variety of cancers. However, its function and underlying mechanisms in human cervical cancer remains unknown. In the present study, the expression of ICAT in 41 human cervical cancer tissues and 30 normal cervical tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. ICAT was found highly expressed in cancer tissues. ICAT overexpression significantly promoted SiHa cell proliferation in vitro by causing G1 arrest, and enhanced cell migration and invasion whereas, ICAT knockdown induced opposite effects in Caski cells which have higher expression of ICAT. Downregulation or overexpression of ICAT resulted in an altered expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ICAT pormoted cervical cancer EMT by competing in E-cadhenin binding to β-caterin. Overexpression of ICAT in SiHa cells promoted tumor growth and EMT was also demonstrated by the xenograft mouse experiment. These results demonstrate that ICAT contributed to the progression of cervical cancer and may play a role in the regulation of EMT by distrupting the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex. It may be a novel potential therapeutic target for therapy in human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528493, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liyao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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17
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Bertrand JU, Petit V, Hacker E, Berlin I, Hayward NK, Pouteaux M, Sage E, Whiteman DC, Larue L. UVB represses melanocyte cell migration and acts through β-catenin. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:875-882. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette U. Bertrand
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Elke Hacker
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Irina Berlin
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | | | - Marie Pouteaux
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Evelyne Sage
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | | | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
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18
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Domingues MJ, Martinez-Sanz J, Papon L, Larue L, Mouawad L, Bonaventure J. Structure-based mutational analysis of ICAT residues mediating negative regulation of β-catenin co-transcriptional activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172603. [PMID: 28273108 PMCID: PMC5342195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ICAT (Inhibitor of β-CAtenin and TCF) is a small acidic protein that negatively regulates β-catenin co-transcriptional activity by competing with TCF/LEF factors in their binding to β-catenin superhelical core. In melanoma cells, ICAT competes with LEF1 to negatively regulate the M-MITF and NEDD9 target genes. The structure of ICAT consists of two domains: the 3-helix bundle N-terminal domain binds to β-catenin Armadillo (Arm) repeats 10–12 and the C-terminal tail binds to Arm repeats 5–9. To elucidate the structural mechanisms governing ICAT/β-catenin interactions in melanoma cells, three ICAT residues Y15, K19 and V22 in the N-terminal domain, contacting hydrophobic β-catenin residue F660, were mutated and interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Despite the moderate hydrophobicity of the contact, its removal completely abolished the interaction. In the ICAT C-terminal tail consensus sequence, neutralization of the electrostatic interactions between residues D66, E75 and β-catenin residues K435, K312, coupled to deletion of the hydrophobic contact between F71 and β-catenin R386, markedly reduced, but failed to abolish the ICAT-mediated negative regulation of M-MITF and NEDD9 promoters. We conclude that in melanoma cells, anchoring of ICAT N-terminal domain to β-catenin through the hook made by residue F660, trapped in the pincers formed by ICAT residues Y15 and V22, is crucial for stabilizing the ICAT/β-catenin complex. This is a prerequisite for binding of the consensus peptide to Arm repeats 5–9 and competition with LEF1. Differences between ICAT and LEF1 in their affinity for β-catenin may rely on the absence in ICAT of hydrophilic residues between D66 and F71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J. Domingues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Juan Martinez-Sanz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm, U1196, Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR 9187, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Papon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Liliane Mouawad
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm, U1196, Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology, Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR 9187, Orsay, France
| | - Jacky Bonaventure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Inserm U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Wu G, Liu A, Zhu J, Lei F, Wu S, Zhang X, Ye L, Cao L, He S. MiR-1207 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell-like traits in ovarian cancer by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28882-94. [PMID: 26337084 PMCID: PMC4745698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is strictly controlled by multiple negative regulators. However, how tumor cells override the negative regulatory effects to maintain constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is commonly observed in various cancers, remains puzzling. In current study, we reported that overexpression of miR-1207 in ovarian cancer activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly targeting and suppressing secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), AXIN2 and inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF-4 (ICAT), which are vital negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We found that the expression of miR-1207 was ubiquitously upregulated in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells, which inversely correlated with patient overall survival. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1207 enhanced, while silencing miR-1207 reduced, stem cell-like traits of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, including tumor sphere formation capability and proportion of SP+ and CD133+ cells. Importantly, upregulating miR-1207 promoted, while silencing miR-1207 inhibited, the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Hence, our results suggest that miR-1207 plays a vital role in promoting the cancer stem cell-like phenotype in ovarian cancer and might represent a potential target for anti-ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Liping Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
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20
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Thuault S, Comunale F, Hasna J, Fortier M, Planchon D, Elarouci N, De Reynies A, Bodin S, Blangy A, Gauthier-Rouvière C. The RhoE/ROCK/ARHGAP25 signaling pathway controls cell invasion by inhibition of Rac activity. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2653-61. [PMID: 27413008 PMCID: PMC5007086 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle origin in children and adolescents. Among RMS subtypes, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), which is characterized by the presence of the PAX3-FOXO1A or PAX7-FOXO1A chimeric oncogenic transcription factor, is associated with poor prognosis and a strong risk of metastasis compared with the embryonal subtype (ERMS). To identify molecular pathways involved in ARMS aggressiveness, we first characterized the migratory behavior of cell lines derived from ARMS and ERMS biopsies using a three-dimensional spheroid cell invasion assay. ARMS cells were more invasive than ERMS cells and adopted an ellipsoidal morphology to efficiently invade the extracellular matrix. Moreover, the invasive potential of ARMS cells depended on ROCK activity, which is regulated by the GTPase RhoE. Specifically, RhoE expression was low in ARMS biopsies, and its overexpression in ARMS cells reduced their invasion potential. Conversely, ARHGAP25, a GTPase-activating protein for Rac, was up-regulated in ARMS biopsies. Moreover, we found that ARHGAP25 inhibits Rac activity downstream of ROCKII and is required for ARMS cell invasion. Our results indicate that the RhoE/ROCK/ARHGAP25 signaling pathway promotes ARMS invasive potential and identify these proteins as potential therapeutic targets for ARMS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Thuault
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jessy Hasna
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fortier
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien De Reynies
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Université de Montpellier, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
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21
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Rambow F, Bechadergue A, Luciani F, Gros G, Domingues M, Bonaventure J, Meurice G, Marine JC, Larue L. Regulation of Melanoma Progression through the TCF4/miR-125b/NEDD9 Cascade. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1229-1237. [PMID: 26968260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma progression from a primary lesion to a distant metastasis is a complex process associated with genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, and phenotypic switches. Elucidation of these phenomena may indicate how to interfere with this fatal disease. The role of microRNAs as key negative regulators of gene expression, controlling all cellular processes including cell migration and invasion, is now being recognized. Here, we used in silico analysis of microRNA expression profiles of primary and metastatic melanomas and functional experiments to show that microRNA-125b (miR-125b) is a determinant candidate of melanoma progression: (i) miR-125b is more strongly expressed in aggressive metastatic than primary melanomas, (ii) there is an inverse correlation between the amount of miR-125b and overall patient survival, (iii) invasion/migration potentials in vitro are inversely correlated with the amount of miR-125b in a series of human melanoma cell lines, and (iv) inhibition of miR-125b reduces migratory and invasive potentials without affecting cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we show that neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9 (i.e., NEDD9) is a direct target of miR-125b and is involved in modulating melanoma cell migration and invasion. Also, transcription factor 4, associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion, induces the transcription of miR-125b-1. In conclusion, the transcription factor 4/miR-125b/NEDD9 cascade promotes melanoma cell migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rambow
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Bechadergue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Flavie Luciani
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwendoline Gros
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Melanie Domingues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Jacky Bonaventure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France.
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22
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Frequent inactivation of MCC/CTNNBIP1 and overexpression of phospho-beta-catenin(Y654) are associated with breast carcinoma: Clinical and prognostic significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1472-84. [PMID: 27208794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of β-catenin is a hallmark of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The MCC (Mutated in colorectal cancers) and CTNNBIP1 (catenin, beta interacting protein 1) are two candidate genes which inhibit the transcriptional activity of nuclear β-catenin. The importance of MCC and CTNNBIP1 in breast cancer (BC) development has not yet been studied in detail. For this reason, in present study, the alterations (deletion/methylation/mutation/expression) of MCC and CTNNBIP1 were analyzed in BC of Indian patients (N=120) followed by expression/mutation analysis of β-catenin. Then transcriptional activity of β-catenin was checked by expression analysis of its target genes (EGFR, C-MYC and CCND1) in the same set of samples. Frequent methylation (44-45%) than deletion (20-32%) with overall alterations of 52-55% was observed in MCC/CTNNBIP1 in the BC samples. The alterations of MCC/CTNNBIP1 showed significant correlation with increased nuclear β-catenin/p-β-catenin(Y654) expression. Also, a significant correlation was seen between nuclear β-catenin expression and overexpression of its target genes like EGFR, MYC and CCND1 in the BC samples (P<0.0001). An upregulation of MCC and CTNNBIP1 expression by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines lead to downregulation of β-catenin and its target genes. The expression of nuclear p-β-catenin(Y654), EGFR, MYC and CCND1 were significantly high in TNBC (Triple negative BC) and Her2+ compared to Luminal A/B+ subtypes. The TNBC patients in stage III/IV having reduced expression of MCC in the tumors showed poor prognosis. Thus, our data suggests that inactivation of MCC/CTNNBIP1 could be an important event in activation of β-catenin mediated transcription of target genes in BC.
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23
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Conde-Perez A, Gros G, Longvert C, Pedersen M, Petit V, Aktary Z, Viros A, Gesbert F, Delmas V, Rambow F, Bastian BC, Campbell AD, Colombo S, Puig I, Bellacosa A, Sansom O, Marais R, Van Kempen LCLT, Larue L. A caveolin-dependent and PI3K/AKT-independent role of PTEN in β-catenin transcriptional activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8093. [PMID: 26307673 PMCID: PMC4560817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN is frequent in human melanoma, results in MAPK activation, suppresses senescence and mediates metastatic behaviour. How PTEN loss mediates these effects is unknown. Here we show that loss of PTEN in epithelial and melanocytic cell lines induces the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of β-catenin independent of the PI3K-AKT-GSK3β axis. The absence of PTEN leads to caveolin-1 (CAV1)-dependent β-catenin transcriptional modulation in vitro, cooperates with NRAS(Q61K) to initiate melanomagenesis in vivo and induces efficient metastasis formation associated with E-cadherin internalization. The CAV1-β-catenin axis is mediated by a feedback loop in which β-catenin represses transcription of miR-199a-5p and miR-203, which suppress the levels of CAV1 mRNA in melanoma cells. These data reveal a mechanism by which loss of PTEN increases CAV1-mediated dissociation of β-catenin from membranous E-cadherin, which may promote senescence bypass and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Conde-Perez
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Gwendoline Gros
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Christine Longvert
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Valérie Petit
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Zackie Aktary
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Amaya Viros
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Florian Rambow
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | - Sophie Colombo
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Isabel Puig
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | | | - Owen Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Leon C L T Van Kempen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lionel Larue
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
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24
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Mozūraitienė J, Bielskienė K, Atkočius V, Labeikytė D. Molecular alterations in signal pathways of melanoma and new personalized treatment strategies: Targeting of Notch. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2015; 51:133-145. [PMID: 28705475 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite modern achievements in therapy of malignant melanomas new treatment strategies are welcomed in clinics for survival of patients. Now it is supposed that personalized molecular therapies for each patient are needed concerning a specificity of molecular alterations in patient's tumors. In human melanoma, Notch signaling interacts with other pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-AKT, NF-kB, and p53. This article discusses mutated genes and leading aberrant signal pathways in human melanoma which are of interest concerning to their perspective for personalized treatment strategies in melanoma. We speculate that E3 ubiquitin ligases MDM2 and MDM4 can be attractive therapeutic target for p53 and Notch signaling pathways in malignant melanoma by using small molecule inhibitors. It is possible that restoration of p53-MDM2-NUMB complexes in melanoma can restore wild type p53 function and positively modulate Notch pathway. In this review we summarize recent data about novel US Food and Drug Administration approved target drugs for metastatic melanoma treatment, and suppose model for treatment strategy by targeting Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Bielskienė
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Danutė Labeikytė
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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25
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Zhang K, Zhu S, Liu Y, Dong X, Shi Z, Zhang A, Liu C, Chen L, Wei J, Pu P, Zhang J, Jiang T, Han L, Kang C. ICAT inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin activity. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:404-411. [PMID: 25434796 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor (ICAT) is a key component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ICAT blocks the formation of the β-catenin/TCF complex and has been demonstrated to be involved in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. As an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, ICAT was presumed to be a tumor-suppressor gene. However, the ICAT functions in human glioma remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression of ICAT in 305 human glioma tissues and found that negative ICAT expression correlated with higher grade glioma and poor survival in patients with glioma. Then we transfected glioma cells with ICAT plasmid. Western blotting showed an increased ICAT protein expression level in glioma cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry and cell invasion assay were used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and invasion. Our studies confirmed that ICAT inhibits glioma cell proliferation and invasion, and it induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression arrest. Besides, ICAT slowed down tumor growth in a glioblastoma xenograft model. Therefore, our study demonstrates that ICAT may serve as a tumor-suppressor in human glioma suggesting a promising direction for targeting therapy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shanjun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Zhendong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Anling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luyue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peiyu Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China; Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), 6 Tiantanxi Li, Beijing 100050, China.
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