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Liu C, Chen H, Cao S, Guo J, Liu Z, Long S. RNA-binding MSI proteins and their related cancers: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107044. [PMID: 38134522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Musashi1 and Musashi2 are RNA-binding proteins originally found in drosophila, in which they play a crucial developmental role. These proteins are pivotal in the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells in other organisms. Research has confirmed that the Musashi proteins are highly involved in cell signal-transduction pathways such as Notch and TGF-β. These signaling pathways are related to the induction and development of cancers, such as breast cancer, leukemia, hepatoma and liver cancer. In this review we focus on how Musashi proteins interact with molecules in different signaling pathways in various cancers and how they affect the physiological functions of these pathways. We further illustrate the status quo of Musashi proteins-targeted therapies and predict the target RNA regions that Musashi proteins interact with, in the hope of exploring the prospect of the design of Musashi protein-targeted medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
| | - Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1(st) Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Campos Segura AV, Velásquez Sotomayor MB, Gutiérrez Román AIF, Ortiz Rojas CA, Murillo Carrasco AG. Impact of mini-driver genes in the prognosis and tumor features of colorectal cancer samples: a novel perspective to support current biomarkers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15410. [PMID: 37214090 PMCID: PMC10198153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its development is associated with the gains and/or losses of genetic material, which leads to the emergence of main driver genes with higher mutational frequency. In addition, there are other genes with mutations that have weak tumor-promoting effects, known as mini-drivers, which could aggravate the development of oncogenesis when they occur together. The aim of our work was to use computer analysis to explore the survival impact, frequency, and incidence of mutations of possible mini-driver genes to be used for the prognosis of CRC. Methods We retrieved data from three sources of CRC samples using the cBioPortal platform and analyzed the mutational frequency to exclude genes with driver features and those mutated in less than 5% of the original cohort. We also observed that the mutational profile of these mini-driver candidates is associated with variations in the expression levels. The candidate genes obtained were subjected to Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, making a comparison between mutated and wild-type samples for each gene using a p-value threshold of 0.01. Results After gene filtering by mutational frequency, we obtained 159 genes of which 60 were associated with a high accumulation of total somatic mutations with Log2 (fold change) > 2 and p values < 10-5. In addition, these genes were enriched to oncogenic pathways such as epithelium-mesenchymal transition, hsa-miR-218-5p downregulation, and extracellular matrix organization. Our analysis identified five genes with possible implications as mini-drivers: DOCK3, FN1, PAPPA2, DNAH11, and FBN2. Furthermore, we evaluated a combined classification where CRC patients with at least one mutation in any of these genes were separated from the main cohort obtaining a p-value < 0.001 in the evaluation of CRC prognosis. Conclusion Our study suggests that the identification and incorporation of mini-driver genes in addition to known driver genes could enhance the accuracy of prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vladimir Campos Segura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology (GIBBS-UNFV), Lima, Peru
- Research Group in Immunology and Cancer (IMMUCA), Lima, Peru
| | - Mariana Belén Velásquez Sotomayor
- Research Group in Immunology and Cancer (IMMUCA), Lima, Peru
- School of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Isabel Flor Gutiérrez Román
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology (GIBBS-UNFV), Lima, Peru
| | - César Alexander Ortiz Rojas
- Research Group in Immunology and Cancer (IMMUCA), Lima, Peru
- Hematology Division, LIM31, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Research Group in Immunology and Cancer (IMMUCA), Lima, Peru
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wang L, Cao G, Li W, Chen XW, Xiong SS, Mu YN, Jiang JF, Yang L, Zhang DR, Cao YW. Expressions and Prognostic Values of Notch3 and DLL4 in Human Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221118984. [PMID: 36740988 PMCID: PMC9903027 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Notch signaling played a critical role in promoting breast tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role and prognostic value of Notch3 combined with DLL4 expression in breast carcinoma had not been explored. Methods: The retrospective study enrolled 90 breast cancer tissues and 60 noncancerous tissues from (conceal). The expression and prognostic value of Notch3 and DLL4 in patients with breast carcinoma were investigated using Oncomine and UALCAN database. Notch3 and DLL4 expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the correlation between both proteins expression and clinicopathological parameters and survival data, respectively. Results: The expressions of Notch3 and DLL4 were increased, and Notch3 expression was significantly positively associated with DLL4 in breast carcinoma. The 2 proteins dramatically correlated with advanced stage, high grade and negative Her2 status. The overexpressing of single or both Notch3 and DLL4 resulted in shortened survival of breast cancer patients. And Notch3 overexpression was one of independent risk predictors to poor prognosis. Conclusion: The interaction of Notch3 receptor and DLL4 ligand accelerates oncogenesis, progression, and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Notch3 protein may serve as one of biomarker to independently predict prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,Changle People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Cao
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, , Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Ya-Nan Mu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - De-Rui Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cao
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,Yu-Wen Cao, Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Huang K, Luo W, Fang J, Yu C, Liu G, Yuan X, Liu Y, Wu W. Notch3 signaling promotes colorectal tumor growth by enhancing immunosuppressive cells infiltration in the microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36647017 PMCID: PMC9843853 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment participates in the regulation of tumor progression. Previous studies have found that Notch signaling pathway is involved in regulating the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS The correlation between Notch signaling pathway and macrophage infiltration was investigated in TCGA database and verified in clinical samples of patients with CRC using immunohistochemistry. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to find out genes related to Notch3 expression. Colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were utilized to test tumor growth and immune cell infiltration in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Using bioinformatics analysis and clinical sample validation, we found that Notch3 was highly expressed in colon tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and it participated in regulating the recruitment of macrophages to the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we found that the Notch3 expression was positively correlated with the expression of macrophage recruitment-related cytokines in colon tumor tissues. Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of Notch3 had no significant effect on the growth of colon tumor cells in vitro, while, attenuated the growth of colon cancer tumors in vivo. Simultaneous, immunosuppressive cells, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration were dramatically reduced in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our study illustrated that Notch3 could facilitate the progression of CRC by increasing the infiltration of macrophages and MDSCs to promote the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Targeting Notch3 specifically is a potentially effective treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Wenwu Luo
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Jinmei Fang
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changjun Yu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Organ Transplant Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Liu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China ,Department of General Surgery, Anhui No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230011 China
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Zhou H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wen X, Amador EH, Yuan L, Ran X, Xiong L, Ran Y, Chen W, Wen Y. Colorectal liver metastasis: molecular mechanism and interventional therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:70. [PMID: 35246503 PMCID: PMC8897452 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancy tumors with a high morbidity additionally, CRC patients may develop liver metastasis, which is the major cause of death. Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the survival rate of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients remains very low. CRLM, as a complex cascade reaction process involving multiple factors and procedures, has complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment of CRLM. We also focus on an overview of the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CRLM with a special emphasis on tumor microenvironment and promise of newer targeted therapies for CRLM, further improving the prognosis of CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhongtao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Eric H Amador
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liqin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA. .,Medical Technology Research Centre, Chelmsford Campus, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK.
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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Xiu M, Wang Y, Li B, Wang X, Xiao F, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhou B, Hua F. The Role of Notch3 Signaling in Cancer Stemness and Chemoresistance: Molecular Mechanisms and Targeting Strategies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:694141. [PMID: 34195229 PMCID: PMC8237348 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.694141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling profoundly affects cancer progression. Especially the Notch3 receptor was found to be dysregulated in cancer, where its expression is correlated with worse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. The activation of Notch3 signaling is closely related to the activation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation in cancer that is responsible for cancer progression. In addition, Notch3 signaling also contributes to tumor chemoresistance against several drugs, including doxorubicin, platinum, taxane, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and gemcitabine, through complex mechanisms. In this review, we mainly focus on discussing the molecular mechanisms by which Notch3 modulates cancer stemness and chemoresistance, as well as other cancer behaviors including metastasis and angiogenesis. What’s more, we propose potential treatment strategies to block Notch3 signaling, such as non-coding RNAs, antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, providing a comprehensive reference for research on precise targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Xiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Shoulin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Bley N, Hmedat A, Müller S, Rolnik R, Rausch A, Lederer M, Hüttelmaier S. Musashi-1-A Stemness RBP for Cancer Therapy? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:407. [PMID: 34062997 PMCID: PMC8148009 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) promotes stemness during development and cancer. By controlling target mRNA turnover and translation, MSI1 is implicated in the regulation of cancer hallmarks such as cell cycle or Notch signaling. Thereby, the protein enhanced cancer growth and therapy resistance to standard regimes. Due to its specific expression pattern and diverse functions, MSI1 represents an interesting target for cancer therapy in the future. In this review we summarize previous findings on MSI1's implications in developmental processes of other organisms. We revisit MSI1's expression in a set of solid cancers, describe mechanistic details and implications in MSI1 associated cancer hallmark pathways and highlight current research in drug development identifying the first MSI1-directed inhibitors with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bley
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Simon Müller
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Robin Rolnik
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
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Anusewicz D, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK. Notch Signaling Pathway in Cancer-Review with Bioinformatic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040768. [PMID: 33673145 PMCID: PMC7918426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway, which controls multiple cell differentiation processes during the embryonic stage and adult life, is associated with carcinogenesis and disease progression. The aim of the present study was to highlight cancer heterogeneity with respect to the Notch pathway. Our analysis concerns the effects of the Notch signaling at different levels, including core components and downstream target genes. We also demonstrate overall and disease-free survival results, pointing out the characteristics of particular Notch components. Depending on tissue context, Notch members can be either oncogenic or suppressive. We observed different expression profile core components and target genes that could be associated with distinct survival of patients. Advances in our understanding of the Notch signaling in cancer are very promising for the development of new treatment strategies for the benefit of patients. Abstract Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating normal embryonic development and homeostasis in a wide variety of tissues. It is also critically involved in carcinogenesis, as well as cancer progression. Activation of the Notch pathway members can be either oncogenic or suppressive, depending on tissue context. The present study is a comprehensive overview, extended with a bioinformatics analysis of TCGA cohorts, including breast, bladder, cervical, colon, kidney, lung, ovary, prostate and rectum carcinomas. We performed global expression profiling of the Notch pathway core components and downstream targets. For this purpose, we implemented the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection algorithm to reduce the dimensions. Furthermore, we determined the optimal cutpoint using Evaluate Cutpoint software to established disease-free and overall survival with respect to particular Notch members. Our results demonstrated separation between tumors and their corresponding normal tissue, as well as between tumors in general. The differentiation of the Notch pathway, at its various stages, in terms of expression and survival resulted in distinct profiles of biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, whether oncogenic or suppressive, Notch signaling is proven to be associated with various types of malignancies, and thus may be of interest as a potential therapeutic target.
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10
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NOTCH3, a crucial target of miR-491-5p/miR-875-5p, promotes gastric carcinogenesis by upregulating PHLDB2 expression and activating Akt pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:1578-1594. [PMID: 33452458 PMCID: PMC7932926 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch activation has been implicated in multiple malignancies and the identification of NOTCH receptors and related pathways is critical for targeted therapy. In this study, we aim to delineate the most prominent dysregulated NOTCH receptor and comprehensively reveal its deregulation in gastric cancer (GC). In the four Notch members, NOTCH3 was found uniformly upregulated and associated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple GC datasets. siRNA-mediated NOTCH3 knockdown demonstrated antitumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation, inhibiting monolayer formation, and impairing cell invasion abilities. Its depletion also induced early and late apoptosis. NOTCH3 was confirmed to be a direct target of two tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), namely miR-491-5p and miR-875-5p. The activation of NOTCH3 is partly due to the silence of these two miRNAs. Through RNA-seq profiling and functional validation, PHLDB2 was identified as a potent functional downstream modulator for NOTCH3 in gastric carcinogenesis. PHLDB2 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with NOTCH3, but was negatively correlated with miR-491-5p. Akt-mTOR was revealed as the downstream signaling of PHLDB2. The NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt co-activation was found in 33.7% GC patients and the activation of this axis predicted poor clinical outcome. GC cells treated with siNOTCH3, siPHLDB2, miR-491-5p, miR-875-5p, were more sensitive to Cisplatin and 5-FU. Taken together, the NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt cascade plays oncogenic role in gastric carcinogenesis and serves as a therapeutic target. Our study provided insights into Notch-mediated underlying molecular mechanisms and implied translational potential.
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Niclosamide-loaded polymeric micelles ameliorate hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo through targeting Wnt and Notch pathways. Life Sci 2020; 261:118458. [PMID: 32961231 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Niclosamide (NIC) is an anthelmintic agent repurposed as a potent anticancer agent. However, its use is hindered by its poor solubility. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of NIC anticancer activity employing a novel oral NIC pluronic-based nanoformulation and tested its effect in thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. We evaluated its antitumor effect through regulating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways and apoptosis. MAIN METHODS Niclosamide-loaded pluronic nanoparticles (NIC-NPs) were optimally developed and characterized with sustained release properties up to 7 days. Sixteen weeks after HCC induction, NIC (70 mg/kg) and an equivalent dose of NIC-NPs were administered orally for 3 consecutive weeks. Hepatocyte integrity was assessed by measuring serum levels of aminotransferases, ALP, GGT, bilirubin, albumin and total protein. HCC development was detected by measuring AFP expression. Necroinflammation and fibrosis were scored by histopathological examination. Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling were evaluated by measuring hepatic mRNA levels of Wnt3A, Lrp5 and Lrp6 Co-receptors, Dvl-2, Notch1 and Hes1 and β-catenin protein levels. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 and caspase-3. KEY FINDING The novel NIC-NPs restored liver integrity, reduced AFP levels and showed improved anticancer and proapoptotic activities compared to drug alone. The inhibitory effect of NIC on Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways was potentiated by the NIC-NPs formulation. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that NIC acts by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling and inducing apoptosis in HCC. Developing pluronic-based nanoformulations may be a promising approach to improve NIC solubility and offer the possibility of controlled release.
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Gonulcu SC, Unal B, Bassorgun IC, Ozcan M, Coskun HS, Elpek GO. Expression of Notch pathway components (Numb, Itch, and Siah-1) in colorectal tumors: A clinicopathological study. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3814-3833. [PMID: 32774060 PMCID: PMC7383841 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i26.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the Notch pathway in carcinogenesis and tumor progression has been demonstrated in many organs, including the colon. Accordingly, studies aimed at developing therapies targeting this pathway in various cancers require the identification of several factors that may play a role in regulating Notch-1 expression. Although Numb, Itch, and seven in absentia homolog-1 (Siah-1) have been shown to contribute to the regulation of Notch signaling, their role in colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression has not been fully elucidated to date.
AIM To evaluate Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 expression in colorectal tumors to clarify their relationship with Notch-1 expression and their role in carcinogenesis and tumor behavior.
METHODS Expression of Notch-1, Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was investigated in 50 colorectal carcinomas, 30 adenomas, and 20 healthy colonic tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses.
RESULTS In contrast to Notch-1, which is expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues and adenomas, expression of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was stronger and more frequent in normal mucosa (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between Notch-1 expression and high histological grade, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and advanced-stage tumors, whereas expression of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was absent or reduced in tumors with these clinicopathological parameters (P < 0.05). In survival analysis, expression of Notch was related to poor prognosis but that of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 correlated with improved survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed Notch-1 expression and loss of Numb expression to be independent prognostic parameters together with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Our findings support the role of Notch-1 in colorectal carcinoma and indicate that loss of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 expression is associated with carcinogenesis. Our data also suggest that these three proteins might be involved in the Notch-1 pathway during colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progression and might play an essential role in approaches targeting Notch as novel molecular therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Cil Gonulcu
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | | | - Mualla Ozcan
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hasan Senol Coskun
- Department of Oncology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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Forouzanfar M, Lachinani L, Dormiani K, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Gure AO, Ghaedi K. Intracellular functions of RNA-binding protein, Musashi1, in stem and cancer cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:193. [PMID: 32448364 PMCID: PMC7245930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein, musashi1 (MSI1), is a main protein in asymmetric cell division of the sensory organ precursor cells, whereas its expression is reported to be upregulated in cancers. This protein is a critical element in proliferation of stem and cancer stem cells, which acts through Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Moreover, MSI1 modulates malignancy and chemoresistance of lung cancer cells via activating the Akt signaling. Due to the main role of MSI1 in metastasis and cancer development, MSI1 would be an appropriate candidate for cancer therapy. Downregulation of MSI1 inhibits proliferation of cancer stem cells and reduces the growth of solid tumors in several cancers. On the other hand, MSI1 expression is regulated by microRNAs in such a way that several different tumor suppressor miRNAs negatively regulate oncogenic MSI1 and inhibit migration and tumor metastasis. The aim of this review is summarizing the role of MSI1 in stem cell proliferation and cancer promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, P.O. Code 81746, Iran
| | - Liana Lachinani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, P.O. Code 816513-1378, Iran
| | - Kianoush Dormiani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, P.O. Code 816513-1378, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, P.O. Code 816513-1378, Iran. .,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, P.O. Code 81746, Iran. .,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Frequent Activation of Notch Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancers and Its Implication in Patient Survival Outcome. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:6768942. [PMID: 32211044 PMCID: PMC7085396 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6768942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major health concern as it ranks third in incidence and second major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A leading cause of treatment failure has been attributed to cancer stem cells that can invariably resist existing chemotherapeutic regimens. Notch signaling pathway has been involved in the maintenance of stem cells besides being crucial in cell fate decision and embryonic development. This pathway has also been implicated in several human malignancies including colorectal cancer. We investigated mRNA expression of four Notch receptors (Notch1–4), five ligands (Jag1, Jag2, Dll1, Dll3, and Dll4), and four target genes (Hes1, Hes5, Hey1, and Hey2) using highly specific TaqMan gene expression assays in colorectal adenomas and cancers. Upregulated expression of Notch receptors ranged between 29 and 73% in colorectal cancers and between 11 and 56% in adenomas. Expression of Notch3 and Notch4 receptors was significantly higher in colorectal cancers compared to normal and adenoma tissues. The Jagged and Delta-like ligands were overexpressed between 25 and 52% in colorectal cancers, while in adenomas, it ranged between 0 and 33%. Combining the data for upregulation of receptors and ligands suggests that 86% colorectal cancers and 56% adenomas exhibited overexpression of Notch pathway genes in our cohort. Notch target genes were upregulated between 24 and 33% in colorectal cancers and between 11 and 22% in adenomas. Collating upregulation of Notch receptors and ligands with the target genes showed concordance in 58% colorectal tumors. Additionally, we evaluated expression of Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes with prognosis using the TCGA mRNA expression dataset. Patients overexpressing Notch3, Notch4, and Hey1 had significantly poorer overall survival relative to those having lower levels of these genes. Taken together, Notch signaling components are aberrantly overexpressed in colorectal tumors, and development of therapeutics targeting the Notch pathway may prove to be beneficial in the management of colorectal cancers.
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15
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Chagas PF, Baroni M, Brassesco MS, Tone LG. Interplay between the RNA binding‐protein Musashi and developmental signaling pathways. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3136. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ferreira Chagas
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of GeneticsRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
- Department of PediatricsRibeirão Preto Medical School São Paulo
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16
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Perilli L, Tessarollo S, Albertoni L, Curtarello M, Pastò A, Brunetti E, Fassan M, Rugge M, Indraccolo S, Amadori A, Bortoluzzi S, Zanovello P. Silencing of miR-182 is associated with modulation of tumorigenesis through apoptosis induction in an experimental model of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:821. [PMID: 31429725 PMCID: PMC6700772 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-182-5p (miR-182) is an oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) found in different tumor types and one of the most up-regulated miRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although this microRNA is expressed in the early steps of tumor development, its role in driving tumorigenesis is unclear. METHODS The effects of miR-182 silencing on transcriptomic profile were investigated using two CRC cell lines characterized by different in vivo biological behavior, the MICOL-14h-tert cell line (dormant upon transfer into immunodeficient hosts) and its tumorigenic variant, MICOL-14tum. Apoptosis was studied by annexin/PI staining and cleaved Caspase-3/PARP analysis. The effect of miR-182 silencing on the tumorigenic potential was addressed in a xenogeneic model of MICOL-14tum transplant. RESULTS Endogenous miR-182 expression was higher in MICOL-14tum than in MICOL-14h-tert cells. Interestingly, miR-182 silencing had a strong impact on gene expression profile, and the positive regulation of apoptotic process was one of the most affected pathways. Accordingly, annexin/PI staining and caspase-3/PARP activation demonstrated that miR-182 treatment significantly increased apoptosis, with a prominent effect in MICOL-14tum cells. Moreover, a significant modulation of the cell cycle profile was exerted by anti-miR-182 treatment only in MICOL-14tum cells, where a significant increase in the fraction of cells in G0/G1 phases was observed. Accordingly, a significant growth reduction and a less aggressive histological aspect were observed in tumor masses generated by in vivo transfer of anti-miR-182-treated MICOL-14tum cells into immunodeficient hosts. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that increased miR-182 expression may promote cell proliferation, suppress the apoptotic pathway and ultimately confer aggressive traits on CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perilli
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Tessarollo
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Curtarello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pastò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Efrem Brunetti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology & Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology & Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Paola Zanovello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology & Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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17
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Molinaro R, Pastò A, Corbo C, Taraballi F, Giordano F, Martinez JO, Zhao P, Wang X, Zinger A, Boada C, Hartman KA, Tasciotti E. Macrophage-derived nanovesicles exert intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties and prolong survival in sepsis through a direct interaction with macrophages. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13576-13586. [PMID: 31290914 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in medical treatment, sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Sepsis is characterized by the involvement of all organs and tissues as a consequence of blood poisoning, resulting in organ failure and eventually death. Effective treatment remains an unmet need and novel approaches are urgently needed. The growing evidence of clinical and biological heterogeneity of sepsis suggests precision medicine as a possible key for achieving therapeutic breakthroughs. In this scenario, biomimetic nanomedicine represents a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. We investigated the role of macrophage-derived biomimetic nanoparticles, namely leukosomes, in a lipopolysaccharide-induced murine model of sepsis. We observed that treatment with leukosomes was associated with significantly prolonged survival. In vitro studies elucidated the potential mechanism of action of these biomimetic vesicles. The direct treatment of endothelial cells (ECs) with leukosomes did not alter the gene expression profile of EC-associated cell adhesion molecules. In contrast, the interaction of leukosomes with macrophages induced a decrease of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-α), an increase of anti-inflammatory ones (IL-10 and TGF-β), and indirectly an anti-inflammatory response on ECs. Taken together, these results showed the ability of leukosomes to regulate the inflammatory response in target cells, acting as a bioactive nanotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Molinaro
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy. and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Pastò
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Corbo
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Federica Giordano
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jonathan O Martinez
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Picheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Assaf Zinger
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Christian Boada
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico
| | - Kelly A Hartman
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA and Houston Methodist Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Wang CF, Zhang HC, Feng XM, Song XM, Wu YN. Knockdown of MSI1 inhibits the proliferation of human oral squamous cell carcinoma by inactivating STAT3 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:115-124. [PMID: 31059073 PMCID: PMC6559311 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi RNA-binding protein 1 (MSI1) is highly expressed in several types of cancer; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable mechanism underlying the involvement of MSI1 in OSCC. The results demonstrated that MSI1 was upregulated in OSCC tissues, but not in adjacent healthy tissues. MSI1 silencing resulted in decreased cell proliferative, invasive and migrative capacity. In addition, MSI1 silencing led to cell cycle arrest at the S phase, downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1, and upregulation of p21 and p27 levels. Additional studies demonstrated that MSI1 suppression inhibited the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Accordingly, the findings of the present study suggested that MSI1 silencing can suppress OSCC cell proliferation and progression, in part by inhibiting the activation of the c-Myc/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Mei Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 216000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Meng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Nong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Organista-Nava J, Gómez-Gómez Y, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Illades-Aguiar B. Cervical cancer stem cell-associated genes: Prognostic implications in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:7-14. [PMID: 31289465 PMCID: PMC6540231 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of gynecological malignancy to affect females, worldwide. Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the primary etiologic agent associated with the development of cervical cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) also serve a prominent role in the development, metastasis, recurrence and prognosis of the disease. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells that have the ability to self-renew and are present in the majority of tumors, including cervical cancer. Studies describing the phenotype of cervical CSCs (CCSCs) vary in their definition of the expression pattern of principal biomarkers, including Musashi-1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, Oct3/4, Sox2 and CD49f. However, these markers are not observed in all cancers, although several may be present in multiple tumor types. The present review describes the potential biomarkers of CSCs in cervical cancer. These CCSC biomarkers may serve as molecular targets to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects associated with chemotherapeutic treatment in HR-HPV-positive cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Organista-Nava
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Gómez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
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Masuda K, Kuwano Y. Diverse roles of RNA-binding proteins in cancer traits and their implications in gastrointestinal cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 10:e1520. [PMID: 30479000 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression patterns in cancer cells are strongly influenced by posttranscriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation; they can interact with target mRNAs in a sequence- and structure-dependent manner, and determine cellular behavior by manipulating the processing of these mRNAs. Numerous RBPs are aberrantly deregulated in many human cancers and hence, affect the functioning of mRNAs that encode proteins, implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the key roles of RBPs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, describe RBPs disrupted in cancer, and lastly focus on RBPs that are responsible for implementing cancer traits in the digestive tract. These evidences may reveal a potential link between changes in expression/function of RBPs and malignant transformation, and a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Masuda
- Kawasaki Medical School at Kurashiki-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School at Tokushima-City, Tokushima, Japan
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22
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Histone deacetylase 6 controls Notch3 trafficking and degradation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:3839-3851. [PMID: 29643474 PMCID: PMC6041259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that endosomal sorting controls the steady-state levels of Notch at the cell surface in normal cells and prevents its inappropriate activation in the absence of ligands. However, whether this highly dynamic physiologic process can be exploited to counteract dysregulated Notch signaling in cancer cells remains unknown. T-ALL is a malignancy characterized by aberrant Notch signaling, sustained by activating mutations in Notch1 as well as overexpression of Notch3, a Notch paralog physiologically subjected to lysosome-dependent degradation in human cancer cells. Here we show that treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly decreases Notch3 full-length protein levels in T-ALL cell lines and primary human T-ALL cells xenografted in mice without substantially reducing NOTCH3 mRNA levels. Moreover, TSA markedly reduced the levels of Notch target genes, including pTα, CR2, and DTX-1, and induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells. We further observed that Notch3 was post-translationally regulated following TSA treatment, with reduced Notch3 surface levels and increased accumulation of Notch3 protein in the lysosomal compartment. Surface Notch3 levels were rescued by inhibition of dynein with ciliobrevin D. Pharmacologic studies with HDAC1, 6, and 8-specific inhibitors disclosed that these effects were largely due to inhibition of HDAC6 in T-ALL cells. HDAC6 silencing by specific shRNA was followed by reduced Notch3 expression and increased apoptosis of T-ALL cells. Finally, HDAC6 silencing impaired leukemia outgrowth in mice, associated with reduction of Notch3 full-length protein in vivo. These results connect HDAC6 activity to regulation of total and surface Notch3 levels and suggest HDAC6 as a potential novel therapeutic target to lower Notch signaling in T-ALL and other Notch3-addicted tumors.
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23
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Pastò A, Pagotto A, Pilotto G, De Paoli A, De Salvo GL, Baldoni A, Nicoletto MO, Ricci F, Damia G, Bellio C, Indraccolo S, Amadori A. Resistance to glucose starvation as metabolic trait of platinum-resistant human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6433-6445. [PMID: 28031535 PMCID: PMC5351643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated glucose metabolism is observed in cancer but whether this metabolic trait influences response to or is modulated by cytotoxic drugs is unknown. We show here that tumor cells from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients can be categorized, according to their in vitro viability under glucose starvation, into glucose deprivation-sensitive (glucose-addicted, GA) and glucose deprivation-resistant (glucose non-addicted, GNA). When EOC cells were cultured in the absence of glucose, all samples from platinum (PLT)-sensitive patients felt into the GA group; they disclosed higher expression of glucose metabolism enzymes, higher proliferation rates and in vitro sensitivity to PLT. Moreover, GA patients showed reduced multi-drug resistance pump expression and autophagy, compared to GNA samples. The close association between PLT sensitivity and glucose metabolic profile was confirmed in a xenograft model, where a stringent parallelism between PLT sensitivity/resistance and glucose metabolism was identified. Finally, in a cohort of naïve EOC patients categorized as GA or GNA at diagnosis, Kaplan Meier curves showed that the GA phenotype was associated with significantly better progression-free survival, compared to GNA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pastò
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pilotto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Oncology Department, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Oncology Department, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Amadori
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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24
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Opdenaker LM, Kowash R, Masters G, Boman BM, Zhang T, Modarai SR. Increased Musashi-2 and Decreased NUMB Protein Levels Observed in Human Colorectal Cancer are reverted to Normal Levels by ATRA-Induced Cell Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3. [PMID: 32984754 PMCID: PMC7517600 DOI: 10.33140/ijcrt/03/02/00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Musashi stem cell (SC) proteins (MSI-1 & MSI-2) are known to become over expressed during colorectal tumorigenesis in humans and mice. MSI-1 overexpression induces tumorigenesis through Notch activation via inactivation of NUMB. Previous studies also show that MSI-2 overexpression in mice induces intestinal tumorigenesis but the mechanism is independent of NUMB. However, whether the MSI-2/NUMB pathway contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) development in humans is still undetermined. Methods: We evaluated expression of MSI-2 and NUMB proteins in matched normal and CRC patient samples, as well as in human CRC cell lines. We also determined whether induction of cellular differentiation by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) influences MSI-2 and NUMB expression. Results: Analysis of matched patient tissue samples and CRC cell lines showed that MSI-2 protein expression is significantly increased and NUMB expression is decreased in CRCs compared to the normal colonic tissue. Immunostaining of normal and adenomatous colonic epithelium revealed that MSI-1+ andMSI-2+ SCs reside in the SC niche and they become overpopulated during colon tumorigenesis. Moreover, promoting cellular differentiation by ATRA reduces MSI-2 protein levels, while increasing NUMB protein levels in human CRC cell lines. Conclusions: MSI-2/NUMB protein expression is altered during colon tumorigenesis, and indicates that MSI-2/NUMB signaling in human colonic stem cells is closely linked to normal colonic epithelial homeostasis. Implications: The ability to normalize MSI-2/NUMB signaling by inducing differentiation of cancer SCs suggests a novel therapeutic approach for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Opdenaker
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Ryan Kowash
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE.,Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA
| | - Gabriel Masters
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE.,Hamilton College, Clinton, NY
| | - Bruce M Boman
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Tao Zhang
- Childrens Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Shirin R Modarai
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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25
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Bellavia D, Checquolo S, Palermo R, Screpanti I. The Notch3 Receptor and Its Intracellular Signaling-Dependent Oncogenic Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:205-222. [PMID: 30030828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, gene duplication of the Notch receptor suggests a progressive functional diversification. The Notch3 receptor displays a number of structural differences with respect to Notch1 and Notch2, most of which have been reported in the transmembrane and in the intracellular regions, mainly localized in the negative regulatory region (NRR) and trans-activation domain (TAD). Targeted deletion of Notch3 does not result in embryonic lethality, which is in line with its highly restricted tissue expression pattern. Importantly, deregulated Notch3 expression and/or activation, often results in disrupted cell differentiation and/or pathological development, most notably in oncogenesis in different cell contexts. Mechanistically this is due to Notch3-related genetic alterations or epigenetic or posttranslational control mechanisms. In this chapter we discuss the possible relationships between the structural differences and the pathological role of Notch3 in the control of mouse and human cancers. In future, targeting the unique features of Notch3-oncogenic mechanisms could be exploited to develop anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Brzozowa-Zasada M, Piecuch A, Michalski M, Segiet O, Kurek J, Harabin-Słowińska M, Wojnicz R. Notch and its oncogenic activity in human malignancies. Eur Surg 2017; 49:199-209. [PMID: 29104587 PMCID: PMC5653712 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-017-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Notch signaling is deregulated in human hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This signaling has a protumorigenic effect but may also act as a tumor suppressor. How induction of a single pathway gives rise to the opposite effects in different cell types is still unknown. METHODS This review article includes available data from peer-reviewed publications associated with the role of Notch signaling during cancer pathogenesis. RESULTS Numerous reports have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling and its oncogenic activity were originally associated with the pathogenesis of T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), an aggressive hematologic tumor affecting children and adolescents. The possibility that Notch could play a significant role in human breast cancer development comes from studies on mouse mammary tumor virus-induced cancer. Numerous findings over the past several years have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling are also responsible for ovarian cancer development. Mention should also be made of the connection between expression of Notch 3 and increased resistance to chemotherapy, which remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. Notch as an oncogenic factor is also involved in the development of colon cancer, lung carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. CONCLUSION Notch is a binary cell fate determinant and its overexpression has been described as oncogenic in a wide array of human malignancies. This finding led to interest in therapeutically targeting this pathway, especially by the use of gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) blocking the cleavage of Notch receptors at the cell membrane by the inhibition of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) releasing. Preclinical cancer models have revealed that GSIs suppress the growth of cancers such as pancreatic, breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Piecuch
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Michalski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oliwia Segiet
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Harabin-Słowińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Romuald Wojnicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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27
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Qin G, Lian J, Yue D, Chen X, Nan S, Qi Y, Li B, Cui G, Li X, Zhao S, Zhang Y. Musashi1, a potential prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1724-1732. [PMID: 28713964 PMCID: PMC5549024 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cancer stemness is mainly considered to be the key factor for cancer recurrence particularly in esophageal cancer. It is important to identify cancer stem cell markers as targets in future therapies. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of putative cancer stem cell-related marker musashi1 (Msi1) and assess the correlation with clinicopathologcal status of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases. We then clarified the role of Msi1 in esophageal cancer cells during proliferation, apoptosis, sphere formation and migration. Finally, we investigated the relationship of Msi1 with the prognosis of ESCC patients. ESCC tissue samples from 93 patients and 20 paired histologically normal tissues were procured for immunohistochemical analysis. We analyzed the characteristics of Msi1, using sphere formation and anchorage independent growth. Moreover, using flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, we investigated the role of Msi1 in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, we clarified the role of Msi1 in the process of sphere formation and migration of ESCC cells through knockdown of Msi1 expression by siRNA in ESCC cell lines. The results revealed that there was a higher expression of Msi1 in ESCC specimens compared with normal tissues. In addition, Msi1 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Most importantly, the increased immunocytochemical staining of Msi1 in spheroid cells revealed the stemness characteristics of Msi1 in ESCC. In addition, we found that silencing of Msi1 decreased cell proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis in TE-7 and KYSE70 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of Msi1 attenuated the sphere formation ability of ESCC cells. Patients with higher expression of Msi1 had a shorter survival. In conclusion, Msi1 acts as a stemness-associated gene in esophageal cancer cell lines and could serve as a prognostic marker in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Nan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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28
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Notch3 signaling-mediated melanoma-endothelial crosstalk regulates melanoma stem-like cell homeostasis and niche morphogenesis. J Transl Med 2017; 97:725-736. [PMID: 28165469 PMCID: PMC5446297 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most virulent cancers, owing to its propensity to metastasize and its resistance to current therapies. The treatment failure is largely attributed to tumor heterogeneity, particularly subpopulations possessing stem cell-like properties, ie, melanoma stem-like cells (MSLCs). Evidence indicates that the MSLC phenotype is malleable and may be acquired by non-MSLCs through phenotypic switching upon appropriate stimuli, the so-called 'dynamic stemness'. Since the phenotypic characteristics and functional integrity of MSLCs depend on their vascular niche, using a two-dimensional (2D) melanoma-endothelium co-culture model, where the MSLC niche is recapitulated in vitro, we identified Notch3 signaling pathway as a micro-environmental cue governing MSLC phenotypic plasticity via pathway-specific gene expression arrays. Accordingly, lentiviral shRNA-mediated Notch3 knockdown (KD) in melanoma cell lines exhibiting high levels of endogenous Notch3 led to retarded/abolished tumorigenicity in vivo through both depleting MSLC fractions, evinced by MSLC marker downregulation (eg, CD133 and CD271); and impeding the MSLC niche, corroborated by the attenuated tumor angiogenesis as well as vasculogenic mimicry. In contrast, Notch3 KD affected neither tumor growth nor MSLC subsets in a melanoma cell line with relatively low endogenous Notch3 expression. Thus, Notch3 signaling may facilitate MSLC plasticity and niche morphogenesis in a cell context-dependent manner. Our findings illustrate Notch3 as a molecular switch driving melanoma heterogeneity, and provide the biological rationale for Notch inhibition as a promising therapeutic option.
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29
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Chiou GY, Yang TW, Huang CC, Tang CY, Yen JY, Tsai MC, Chen HY, Fadhilah N, Lin CC, Jong YJ. Musashi-1 promotes a cancer stem cell lineage and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2172. [PMID: 28526879 PMCID: PMC5438397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are a critical health issue worldwide. Cancer stem cell (CSC) lineages are associated with tumour transformation, progression, and malignant transformation. However, how lineages are transformed and how chemoresistance is acquired by CRCs remain largely unknown. In this report, we demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 enhanced the development of CD44+ colorectal CSCs and triggered the formation of anti-apoptotic stress granules (SGs). Our results indicated that CD44+ CSC lineage-specific induction of tumour malignancies was controlled by Musashi-1. In addition, Musashi-1 formed SGs when CRC cell lines were treated with 5-fluorouracil. The C-terminal domain of Musashi-1 was critical for recruitment of Musashi-1 into SGs. Intracellular Musashi-1 SGs enhanced the chemoresistance of CRCs. Analysis of clinical CRC samples indicated that Musashi-1 expression was prominent in CRC stage IIA and IIB. In summary, we demonstrated that Musashi-1, a stemness gene, is a critical modulator that promotes the development of CD44+ colorectal CSCs and also enhances CRC chemoresistance via formation of SGs. Our findings elucidated a novel mechanism of CRC chemoresistance through increased anti-apoptotic effects via Musashi-1-associated SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yi Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nurul Fadhilah
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Departments of Paediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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30
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Xie T, Li Y, Li SL, Luo HF. Astragaloside IV Enhances Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Human Colorectal Cancer via Regulating NOTCH3. Oncol Res 2017; 24:447-453. [PMID: 28281965 PMCID: PMC7838626 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14685034103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although astragaloside IV exhibits anti-inflammation, immunoregulatory, and anticancer properties, the chemosensitization effects of astragaloside IV in colorectal cancer have never been reported. Our study tested whether astragaloside could increase cisplatin sensitivity in colorectal cancer. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell viability of colorectal cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Our data revealed that astragaloside IV administration significantly suppressed the cell growth of colorectal cancer cells, whereas no obvious cytotoxicity of astragaloside IV was observed in nonmalignant colonic cells. In addition, combined treatment with astragaloside IV dramatically elevated the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin. Mechanical investigation revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of NOTCH3 was significantly lower in cisplatin and astragaloside IV-treated cells compared with cells treated with cisplatin alone. On the contrary, no obvious changes in tumor cell growth were shown after upregulation of NOTCH3 whether in the presence or absence of astragaloside IV. Thus, our data demonstrate that astragaloside IV increases the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin, at least partly, through inhibition of NOTCH3. This study suggests that combined therapy with astragaloside IV might be a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
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31
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Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome expression and activity in cancer and cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:101042831769224. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a multi-protein organelle that participates in cellular proteostasis by destroying damaged or short-lived proteins in an organized manner guided by the ubiquitination signal. By being in a central place in the cellular protein complement homeostasis, proteasome is involved in virtually all cell processes including decisions on cell survival or death, cell cycle, and differentiation. These processes are important also in cancer, and thus, the proteasome is an important regulator of carcinogenesis. Cancers include a variety of cells which, according to the cancer stem cell theory, descend from a small percentage of cancer stem cells, alternatively termed tumor-initiating cells. These cells constitute the subsets that have the ability to propagate the whole variety of cancer and repopulate tumors after cytostatic therapies. Proteasome plays a role in cellular processes in cancer stem cells, but it has been found to have a decreased function in them compared to the rest of cancer cells. This article will discuss the transcriptional regulation of proteasome sub-unit proteins in cancer and in particular cancer stem cells and the relationship of the proteasome with the pluripotency that is the defining characteristic of stem cells. Therapeutic opportunities that present from the understanding of the proteasome role will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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32
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Kudinov AE, Karanicolas J, Golemis EA, Boumber Y. Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins as Cancer Drivers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2143-2153. [PMID: 28143872 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression that drives human cancer can arise from epigenetic dysregulation. Although much attention has focused on altered activity of transcription factors and chromatin-modulating proteins, proteins that act posttranscriptionally can potently affect expression of oncogenic signaling proteins. The RNA-binding proteins (RBP) Musashi-1 (MSI1) and Musashi-2 (MSI2) are emerging as regulators of multiple critical biological processes relevant to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Following identification of Musashi as a regulator of progenitor cell identity in Drosophila, the human Musashi proteins were initially linked to control of maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, then stem cell compartments for additional cell types. More recently, the Musashi proteins were found to be overexpressed and prognostic of outcome in numerous cancer types, including colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers; glioblastoma; and several leukemias. MSI1 and MSI2 bind and regulate the mRNA stability and translation of proteins operating in essential oncogenic signaling pathways, including NUMB/Notch, PTEN/mTOR, TGFβ/SMAD3, MYC, cMET, and others. On the basis of these activities, MSI proteins maintain cancer stem cell populations and regulate cancer invasion, metastasis, and development of more aggressive cancer phenotypes, including drug resistance. Although RBPs are viewed as difficult therapeutic targets, initial efforts to develop MSI-specific inhibitors are promising, and RNA interference-based approaches to inhibiting these proteins have had promising outcomes in preclinical studies. In the interim, understanding the function of these translational regulators may yield insight into the relationship between mRNA expression and protein expression in tumors, guiding tumor-profiling analysis. This review provides a current overview of Musashi as a cancer driver and novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2143-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kudinov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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33
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Huang T, Zhou Y, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To KF, Kang W. NOTCH receptors in gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers: oncogenes or tumor suppressors? Mol Cancer 2016; 15:80. [PMID: 27938406 PMCID: PMC5148895 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks the most common cancer types and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Due to delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency, 5-year survival rate of GC is rather low. It is a complex disease resulting from the interaction between environmental factors and host genetic alterations that deregulate multiple signaling pathways. The Notch signaling pathway, a highly conserved system in the regulation of the fate in several cell types, plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation, survival and proliferation. Notch is also one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in tumors and its aberrant activation plays a key role in cancer advancement. Whether Notch cascade exerts oncogenic or tumor suppressive function in different cancer types depends on the cellular context. Mammals have four NOTCH receptors that modulate Notch pathway activity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on the functional role of NOTCH receptors in gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers. Increasing knowledge of NOTCH receptors in gastrointestinal cancers will help us recognize the underlying mechanisms of Notch signaling and develop novel therapeutic strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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Pan T, Xu J, Zhu Y. Self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:9-20. [PMID: 27909729 PMCID: PMC5179189 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) represent a small fraction of the colorectal cancer cell population that possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential and drive tumorigenicity. Self-renewal is essential for the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer stem cells. While the self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells are not yet fully understood, the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Hedgehog-Gli (HH-GLI), specific roles mediated by cell surface markers and micro-environmental factors are involved in the regulation of self-renewal. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind self-renewal may lead to the development of novel targeted interventions for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Pan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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35
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Peng S, Hu GQ. Colorectal cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3953-3962. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i28.3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and its initiation, promotion and prognosis are closely related to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined as a minority population of cancer cells with self-renewal ability, multi-lineage differentiation potential and highly aggressive behaviors, which have been identified in many types of cancers including CRC as one of the key mediators driving cancer metastasis and progression. The presence of these CSCs can be attributed to the failure of cancer treatments as these cells are believed to exhibit therapy resistance. Here, we review the current understanding of colorectal CSCs, with an emphasis on candidate markers, biological properties, related signaling pathways, and clinical applications.
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Holla S, Prakhar P, Singh V, Karnam A, Mukherjee T, Mahadik K, Parikh P, Singh A, Rajmani RS, Ramachandra SG, Balaji KN. MUSASHI-Mediated Expression of JMJD3, a H3K27me3 Demethylase, Is Involved in Foamy Macrophage Generation during Mycobacterial Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005814. [PMID: 27532872 PMCID: PMC4988650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy macrophages (FM)s harbor lipid bodies that not only assist mycobacterial persistence within the granulomas but also are sites for intracellular signaling and inflammatory mediators which are essential for mycobacterial pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms that regulate intracellular lipid accumulation in FMs during mycobacterial infection are not clear. Here, we report for the first time that jumonji domain containing protein (JMJD)3, a demethylase of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, orchestrates the expression of M. tuberculosis H37Rv-, MDR-JAL2287-, H37Ra- and M. bovis BCG-induced genes essential for FM generation in a TLR2-dependent manner. Further, NOTCH1-responsive RNA-binding protein MUSASHI (MSI), targets a transcriptional repressor of JMJD3, Msx2-interacting nuclear target protein, to positively regulate infection-induced JMJD3 expression, FM generation and M2 phenotype. Investigations in in vivo murine models further substantiated these observations. Together, our study has attributed novel roles for JMJD3 and its regulators during mycobacterial infection that assist FM generation and fine-tune associated host immunity. Foamy macrophages (FMs) not only provide a suitable survival niche for the mycobacteria in the granuloma but also are reservoirs for several inflammatory mediators that regulate mycobacterial pathogenesis. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that regulate infection-induced FM generation assumes importance. In this investigation, we present empirical evidence to support the role of host epigenetic mechanisms in generating FMs and thus facilitating mycobacterial persistence in vivo. We show that the signaling pathways that mediate mycobacteria-induced expression of JMJD3, a demethylase of the facultative repression mark, regulate the genes assisting in FM generation. Importantly, the identified pathway could largely contribute to the evasive responses during mycobacterial infection and suppression of such pathways during infection could confer stronger immunity. Together, these regulators could be potential candidates for host-directed therapies against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Holla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Karnam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kasturi Mahadik
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankti Parikh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. S. Rajmani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Suliman MA, Zhang Z, Na H, Ribeiro ALL, Zhang Y, Niang B, Hamid AS, Zhang H, Xu L, Zuo Y. Niclosamide inhibits colon cancer progression through downregulation of the Notch pathway and upregulation of the tumor suppressor miR-200 family. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:776-84. [PMID: 27460529 PMCID: PMC4990307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a need for the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CRC. Accumulating evidence has revealed that niclosamide, an anthelminthic drug, exerts antitumor activity in several types of cancer, including colon cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of this drug remain elusive. Previous studies have shown that the aberrant Notch signaling pathway contributes to the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. Herein, we examined the effects of niclosamide on the growth, migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cells, and the role of the Notch signaling pathway. By performing MTT, wound-healing and Transwell migration assays, we observed that niclosamide suppressed the growth and migration of colon cancer cells, and flow cytometry demonstrated that cell apoptosis was induced. This was associated with the decreased protein expression of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3 and Hey1, and the increased expression of the tumor suppressor microRNA (miR or miRNA)-200 family members (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429) that are typically downregulated in colon cancer. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that niclosamide potentially inhibits the progression of colon cancer by downregulating Notch signaling and by upregulating the miR-200 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Suliman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Heya Na
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ailton L L Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Bachir Niang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Abdu Salim Hamid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Mamoori A, Gopalan V, Smith RA, Lam AKY. Modulatory roles of microRNAs in the regulation of different signalling pathways in large bowel cancer stem cells. Biol Cell 2016; 108:51-64. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Mamoori
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Babylon; Iraq
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
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39
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Moghbeli M, Sadrizadeh A, Forghanifard MM, Mozaffari HM, Golmakani E, Abbaszadegan MR. Role of Msi1 and PYGO2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma depth of invasion. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 10:49-53. [PMID: 26643817 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt/b-catenin and NOTCH are commonly observed in different cancers. A normal wnt pathway is essential for development and tissue homeostasis to preserve a normal balance between the differentiation and proliferation. PYGO2 is the main transcription factor of wnt pathway, while Msi1 is one of the wnt inhibitors. In this study we assessed the correlation between Msi1 and PYGO2 mRNA expression using Real time polymerase chain reaction in 48 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Although, there was not any significant correlation between the levels of Msi1 and PYGO2 mRNA expression, we observed a significant correlation between the Msi1 and PYGO2 overexpressed cases and depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.05). In conclusion, despite the role of these markers in tumor depth of invasion there is not any feedback between Msi1 and PYGO2 gene expression in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Sadrizadeh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hooman Mosannen Mozaffari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Golmakani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
Pathway analysis is a common approach to gain insight from biological experiments. Signaling-pathway impact analysis (SPIA) is one such method and combines both the classical enrichment analysis and the actual perturbation on a given pathway. Because this method focuses on a single pathway, its resolution generally is not very high because the differentially expressed genes may be enriched in a local region of the pathway. In the present work, to identify cancer-related pathways, we incorporated a recent subpathway analysis method into the SPIA method to form the “sub-SPIA method.” The original subpathway analysis uses the k-clique structure to define a subpathway. However, it is not sufficiently flexible to capture subpathways with complex structure and usually results in many overlapping subpathways. We therefore propose using the minimal-spanning-tree structure to find a subpathway. We apply this approach to colorectal cancer and lung cancer datasets, and our results show that sub-SPIA can identify many significant pathways associated with each specific cancer that other methods miss. Based on the entire pathway network in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, we find that the pathways identified by sub-SPIA not only have the largest average degree, but also are more closely connected than those identified by other methods. This result suggests that the abnormality signal propagating through them might be responsible for the specific cancer or disease.
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Abstract
Both acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia are thought to arise from a subpopulation of primitive cells, termed leukemic stem cells that share properties with somatic stem cells. Leukemic stem cells are capable of continued self-renewal, and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and are considered to be responsible for disease relapse. In recent years, improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myeloid leukemia biology has led to the development of novel and targeted therapies. This review focuses on clinically relevant patent applications and their relevance within the known literature in two areas of prevailing therapeutic interest, namely monoclonal antibody therapy and small molecule inhibitors in disease-relevant signaling pathways.
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Mao F, Xu M, Zuo X, Yu J, Xu W, Moussalli MJ, Elias E, Li HS, Watowich SS, Shureiqi I. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer through inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2015; 29:2359-70. [PMID: 25713055 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is a critical signaling pathway for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ, a lipid nuclear receptor, up-regulates IL-6. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), which is crucial to production of lipid signaling mediators to terminate inflammation, down-regulates PPAR-δ. 15-LOX-1 effects on IL-6/STAT3 signaling and CAC tumorigenesis have not been determined. We report that intestinally targeted transgenic 15-LOX-1 expression in mice inhibited azoxymethane- and dextran sodium sulfate-induced CAC, IL-6 expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and IL-6/STAT3 downstream target (Notch3 and MUC1) expression. 15-LOX-1 down-regulation was associated with IL-6 up-regulation in human colon cancer mucosa. Reexpression of 15-LOX-1 in human colon cancer cells suppressed IL-6 mRNA expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, IL-6 promoter activity, and PPAR-δ mRNA and protein expression. PPAR-δ overexpression in colonic epithelial cells promoted CAC tumorigenesis in mice and increased IL-6 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas concomitant 15-LOX-1 expression in colonic epithelial cells (15-LOX-1-PPAR-δ-Gut mice) suppressed these effects: the number of tumors per mouse (mean ± sem) was 4.22 ± 0.68 in wild-type littermates, 6.67 ± 0.83 in PPAR-δ-Gut mice (P = 0.026), and 2.25 ± 0.25 in 15-LOX-1-PPAR-δ-Gut mice (P = 0.0006). Identification of 15-LOX-1 suppression of PPAR-δ to inhibit IL-6/STAT3 signaling-driven CAC tumorigenesis provides mechanistic insights that can be used to molecularly target CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Micheline J Moussalli
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Elias Elias
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Departments of *Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Minuzzo S, Agnusdei V, Pusceddu I, Pinazza M, Moserle L, Masiero M, Rossi E, Crescenzi M, Hoey T, Ponzoni M, Amadori A, Indraccolo S. DLL4 regulates NOTCH signaling and growth of T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:115-21. [PMID: 25355291 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NOTCH pathway occurs commonly in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) mainly due to mutations in NOTCH1 or alterations in FBW7 and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Since mutations hit different domains of the receptor, they are predicted to heterogeneously perturb ligand-induced NOTCH1 activity. Moreover, T-ALL cells also co-express NOTCH3 receptors which could be triggered by different ligands. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of DLL4 in the regulation of NOTCH signaling in T-ALL cells in the context of different types of NOTCH1 mutation or wild-type NOTCH receptor, as well as the effects of DLL4 neutralization on T-ALL engraftment in mice. We found that NOTCH signaling can be stimulated in T-ALL cells in vitro by either human or murine DLL4 with heterogeneous effects, according to NOTCH1/FBW7 mutation status, and that these effects can be blocked by antibodies neutralizing DLL4, NOTCH1 or NOTCH2/3. In vivo, DLL4 is expressed in the spleen and the bone marrow (BM) of NOD/SCID mice bearing T-ALL xenografts as well as the BM of T-ALL patients. Importantly, DLL4 blockade impaired growth of T-ALL cells in NOD/SCID mice and increased leukemia cell apoptosis. These results show that DLL4 is an important component of the tumor microenvironment which contributes to the early steps of T-ALL cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Minuzzo
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Agnusdei
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Pusceddu
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy, Present addresses: Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marica Pinazza
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Moserle
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy, Tumor Angiogenesis Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK and
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Marika Crescenzi
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy, Gastroenterology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Timothy Hoey
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, 94002 CA, USA and
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit and Leukemia Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology and Oncology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy,
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Prognostic significance of neural stem cell markers, Nestin and Musashi-1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma: expression pattern of Nestin in the precancerous stages of oral squamous epithelium. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1251-60. [PMID: 25352468 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the tissue-specific stem cell markers, neural and hematopoietic stem cell markers were found to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Based on this background, we have investigated the expression pattern and prognostic significance of neural stem cell markers, Nestin and Musashi-1, in oral cancer. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses to study the expression pattern and correlation between Nestin and Musashi-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct overall and disease-free survival curves, and the differences were calculated using log-rank test. RESULTS Nestin expression was gradually increased in the transformation stages of oral cancer. Both Nestin and Musashi-1 expressions were associated with higher stage and poorly differentiated status of oral carcinoma. Interestingly, Nestin and Musashi-1 double positive cases showed statistically highly significant correlation with poorer survival of oral carcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS Expression of Nestin in the preneoplastic lesions indicates its role in the transformation of oral squamous epithelium. Clinicopathological and survival analyses suggest that Nestin and Musashi-1 might be associated with invasion, differentiation and poorer survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to their role as independent prognostic indicators, Nestin and Musashi-1 double positivity can be used to select high-risk cases for effective therapy and this is the novel finding of this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nestin and Musashi-1 are found to be independent prognostic markers of oral cancer, and they might be used as molecular targets for effective therapy.
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Kushwah R, Guezguez B, Lee JB, Hopkins CI, Bhatia M. Pleiotropic roles of Notch signaling in normal, malignant, and developmental hematopoiesis in the human. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1128-38. [PMID: 25252682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved across species and plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. It has been implicated in several different hematopoietic processes including early hematopoietic development as well as adult hematological malignancies in humans. This review focuses on recent developments in understanding the role of Notch signaling in the human hematopoietic system with an emphasis on hematopoietic initiation from human pluripotent stem cells and regulation within the bone marrow. Based on recent insights, we summarize potential strategies for treatment of human hematological malignancies toward the concept of targeting Notch signaling for fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwah
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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