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Liang L, Cai T, Li X, An J, Yu S, Zhang Y, Guo F, Wei F, He J, Xie K, Jiang T. Down-regulation of microRNA-23a promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation and progression by up-regulation of FOXM1 expression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101203. [PMID: 39022126 PMCID: PMC11252794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) plays an important role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and progression. The molecular mechanisms underlying its dysregulation remain unclear. We identified and functionally validated the microRNAs (miRNAs) that critically regulate FOXM1 expression in PDAC. The expression levels of miRNA-23a (miR-23a-3p and -5p) were altered in PDAC cell lines and their effects on FOXM1 signaling and cell proliferation and migration and tumorigenesis were examined in vitro and in vivo using mouse PDAC models. Compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, PDAC tissues and cell lines exhibited significantly reduced levels of miR-23a expression. Reduced miR-23a expression and concomitant increase in FOXM1 expression were also observed in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the major premalignant lesions of PDAC. Transgenic expression of miR-23a reduced the expression of FOXM1 and suppressed cell proliferation and migration in PDAC cells, whereas the inhibitors of miR-23a did the opposite. Loss or reduced levels of miR-23a increased the levels of FOXM1 expression, while increased expression of FOXM1 down-regulated miR-23a expression, suggesting that miR-23a and FOXM1 were mutual negative regulators of their expression in PDAC cells. Therefore, the miR-23a/FOXM1 signaling axis is important in PDAC initiation and progression and could serve as an interventional or therapeutic target for patients with early or late stages of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tian Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital and Nanhai People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jianhong An
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Sen Yu
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fengjie Guo
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fang Wei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jie He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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2
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Dong Q, Wang D, Song C, Gong C, Liu Y, Zhou X, Yue J, Hu Y, Liu H, Zhu L, Niu X, Zheng T, Zhang X, Jin J, Wang T, Ju R, Wang C, Jiang Q, Gao T, Jin Y, Li P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang GF, Cao C, Liu X. ABL1-mediated phosphorylation promotes FOXM1-related tumorigenicity by Increasing FOXM1 stability. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01339-w. [PMID: 39060421 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXM1, which plays critical roles in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, is highly expressed in rapidly proliferating cells and various tumor tissues, and high FOXM1 expression is related to a poor prognosis. However, the mechanism responsible for FOXM1 dysregulation is not fully understood. Here, we show that ABL1, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, contributes to the high expression of FOXM1 and FOXM1-dependent tumor development. Mechanistically, ABL1 directly binds FOXM1 and mediates FOXM1 phosphorylation at multiple tyrosine (Y) residues. Among these phospho-Y sites, pY575 is indispensable for FOXM1 stability as phosphorylation at this site protects FOXM1 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. The interaction of FOXM1 with CDH1, a coactivator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is responsible for FOXM1 degradation, is significantly inhibited by Y575 phosphorylation. The phospho-deficient FOXM1(Y575F) mutant exhibited increased ubiquitination, a shortened half-life, and consequently a substantially decreased abundance. Compared to wild-type cells, a homozygous Cr-Y575F cell line expressing endogenous FOXM1(Y575F) that was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 showed obviously delayed mitosis progression, impeded colony formation and inhibited xenotransplanted tumor growth. Overall, our study demonstrates that ABL1 kinase is involved in high FOXM1 expression, providing clear evidence that ABL1 may act as a therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors with high FOXM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Caiwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxue Gong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xiayang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ruixia Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guang-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 100850, Beijing, China.
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3
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Martinez S, Wu S, Geuenich M, Malik A, Weber R, Woo T, Zhang A, Jang GH, Dervovic D, Al-Zahrani KN, Tsai R, Fodil N, Gros P, Gallinger S, Neely GG, Notta F, Sendoel A, Campbell K, Elling U, Schramek D. In vivo CRISPR screens reveal SCAF1 and USP15 as drivers of pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5266. [PMID: 38902237 PMCID: PMC11189927 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Functionally characterizing the genetic alterations that drive pancreatic cancer is a prerequisite for precision medicine. Here, we perform somatic CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis screens to assess the transforming potential of 125 recurrently mutated pancreatic cancer genes, which revealed USP15 and SCAF1 as pancreatic tumor suppressors. Mechanistically, we find that USP15 functions in a haploinsufficient manner and that loss of USP15 or SCAF1 leads to reduced inflammatory TNFα, TGF-β and IL6 responses and increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition and Gemcitabine. Furthermore, we find that loss of SCAF1 leads to the formation of a truncated, inactive USP15 isoform at the expense of full-length USP15, functionally coupling SCAF1 and USP15. Notably, USP15 and SCAF1 alterations are observed in 31% of pancreatic cancer patients. Our results highlight the utility of in vivo CRISPR screens to integrate human cancer genomics and mouse modeling for the discovery of cancer driver genes with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Martinez
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shifei Wu
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Geuenich
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Malik
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramona Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tristan Woo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Zhang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dzana Dervovic
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kieran Campbell
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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4
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Guo Z, Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Zhang X. Molecular profile of metastasis, cell plasticity and EMT in pancreatic cancer: a pre-clinical connection to aggressiveness and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:29-53. [PMID: 37453022 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis and proliferation. The metastasis and cell plasticity are considered major causes of cancer-related deaths since they improve the malignancy of cancer cells and provide poor prognosis for patients. Furthermore, enhancement in the aggressiveness of cancer cells has been related to the development of drug resistance. Metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells has been considered one of the major causes of death in patients and their undesirable prognosis. PC is among the most malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and in addition to lifestyle, smoking, and other factors, genomic changes play a key role in its progression. The stimulation of EMT in PC cells occurs as a result of changes in molecular interaction, and in addition to increasing metastasis, EMT participates in the development of chemoresistance. The epithelial, mesenchymal, and acinar cell plasticity can occur and determines the progression of PC. The major molecular pathways including STAT3, PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt participate in regulating the metastasis of PC cells. The communication in tumor microenvironment can provide by exosomes in determining PC metastasis. The components of tumor microenvironment including macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts can modulate PC progression and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Keng VW, Chiu AP, To JC, Li XX, Linden MA, Amin K, Moriarity BS, Yusa K. Transposon delivery for CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in mice identifies NF2 as a cooperating gene involved with the canonical WNT signaling molecular class of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18774. [PMID: 37576222 PMCID: PMC10412851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exists, with many novel cooperating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in its tumorigenesis. The emerging importance of WNT signaling in HCC has been established. However, the intricate genetic mechanisms involved in this complex signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. Importantly, while some cooperating genes have been identified, there are still many unknown genes associated with catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1)-induced HCC. Mutations in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are required for HCC tumorigenesis. The emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has allowed researchers now to target both alleles efficiently. In this novel study, the Sleeping Beauty transposon system was used as a gene delivery system in vivo to stably integrate an expression cassette that carry pools of gRNAs and overexpress a mutant version of CTNNB1 into the hepatocyte genome. We identified 206 candidate genes that drive HCC tumorigenesis in the context of WNT signaling activation and, neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, a known tumor suppressor gene with clinical relevance was validated in this proof-of-principle study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W. Keng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy P. Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeffrey C. To
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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6
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Khan MA, Khan P, Ahmad A, Fatima M, Nasser MW. FOXM1: A small fox that makes more tracks for cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:1-15. [PMID: 36958703 PMCID: PMC10199453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are indispensable for the modulation of various signaling pathways associated with normal cell homeostasis and disease conditions. Among cancer-related TFs, FOXM1 is a critical molecule that regulates multiple aspects of cancer cells, including growth, metastasis, recurrence, and stem cell features. FOXM1 also impact the outcomes of targeted therapies, chemotherapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various cancer types. Recent advances in cancer research strengthen the cancer-specific role of FOXM1, providing a rationale to target FOXM1 for developing targeted therapies. This review compiles the recent studies describing the pivotal role of FOXM1 in promoting metastasis of various cancer types. It also implicates the contribution of FOXM1 in the modulation of chemotherapeutic resistance, antitumor immune response/immunotherapies, and the potential of small molecule inhibitors of FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aatiya Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mahek Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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7
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Agrawal R, Natarajan KN. Oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:251-283. [PMID: 37268398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (∼90% cases) pancreatic neoplasm and one of the most lethal cancer among all malignances. PDAC harbor aberrant oncogenic signaling that may result from the multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as the mutation in driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, p53), genomic amplification of regulatory genes (MYC, IGF2BP2, ROIK3), deregulation of chromatin-modifying proteins (HDAC, WDR5) among others. A key event is the formation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) that often results from the activating mutation in KRAS. Mutated KRAS can direct a variety of signaling pathways and modulate downstream targets including MYC, which play an important role in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent literature shedding light on the origins of PDAC from the perspective of major oncogenic signaling pathways. We highlight how MYC directly and indirectly, with cooperation with KRAS, affect epigenetic reprogramming and metastasis. Additionally, we summarize the recent findings from single cell genomic approaches that highlight heterogeneity in PDAC and tumor microenvironment, and provide molecular avenues for PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Histone Modifications Represent a Key Epigenetic Feature of Epithelial-to-Mesenchyme Transition in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054820. [PMID: 36902253 PMCID: PMC10003015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant diseases due to its high invasiveness, early metastatic properties, rapid disease progression, and typically late diagnosis. Notably, the capacity for pancreatic cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is key to their tumorigenic and metastatic potential, and is a feature that can explain the therapeutic resistance of such cancers to treatment. Epigenetic modifications are a central molecular feature of EMT, for which histone modifications are most prevalent. The modification of histones is a dynamic process typically carried out by pairs of reverse catalytic enzymes, and the functions of these enzymes are increasingly relevant to our improved understanding of cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which histone-modifying enzymes regulate EMT in pancreatic cancer.
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9
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Neogenin suppresses tumor progression and metastasis via inhibiting Merlin/YAP signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 36746934 PMCID: PMC9902585 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From in situ growth to invasive dissemination is the most lethal attribute of various tumor types. This transition is majorly mediated by the dynamic interplay between two cancer hallmarks, EMT and cell cycle. In this study, we applied nonlinear association analysis in 33 cancer types and found that most signaling receptors simultaneously associating with EMT and cell cycle are potential tumor suppressors. Here we find that a top co-associated receptor, Neogenin (NEO1), inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) and Glioma in situ growth and metastasis by forming a complex with Merlin (NF2), and subsequent simultaneous promoting the phosphorylation of YAP. Furthermore, Neogenin protein level is associated with good prognosis and correlates with Merlin status in CRC and Glioma. Collectively, our results define Neogenin as a tumor suppressor in CRC and Glioma that acts by restricting oncogenic signaling by the Merlin-YAP pathway, and suggest Neogenin as a candidate therapeutic agent for CRC and Glioma.
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10
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Wang JZ, Nassiri F, Mawrin C, Zadeh G. Genomic Landscape of Meningiomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1416:137-158. [PMID: 37432625 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29750-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most common primary brain tumor in adults, until recently, the genomics of meningiomas have remained quite understudied. In this chapter we will discuss the early cytogenetic and mutational changes uncovered in meningiomas, from the discovery of the loss of chromosome 22q and the neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2) gene to other non-NF2 driver mutations (KLF4, TRAF7, AKT1, SMO, etc.) discovered using next generation sequencing. We discuss each of these alterations in the context of their clinical significance and conclude the chapter by reviewing recent multiomic studies that have integrated our knowledge of these alterations together to develop novel molecular classifications for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z Wang
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Zhang W, Qian W, Gu J, Gong M, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhou C, Jiang Z, Jiang J, Han L, Wang X, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. Mutant p53 driven-LINC00857, a protein scaffold between FOXM1 and deubiquitinase OTUB1, promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215976. [PMID: 36272615 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is the major adverse factor for recurrence and death in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. P53 mutations are considered to be the second most common type of mutation in PC and significantly promote PC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of p53 mutations, especially the regulatory relationship of the protein with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the lncRNA LINC00857 exhibits a significantly elevated level in PC and that it is associated with poor prognosis; furthermore, TCGA data showed that LINC00857 expression was significantly upregulated in the mutant p53 group compared with the wild-type p53 group. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that LINC00857 promotes the metastasis of PC cells. We further found that LINC00857 upregulates FOXM1 protein expression and thus accelerates metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00857 bound simultaneously to FOXM1 and to the deubiquitinase OTUB1, thereby serving as a protein scaffold and enhancing the interaction between FOXM1 and OTUB1, which inhibits FOXM1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Interestingly, we found that mutant p53 promotes LINC00857 transcription by binding to its promoter region. Finally, atorvastatin, a commonly prescribe lipid-lowering drug, appeared to inhibit PC metastasis by inhibiting the mutant p53-LINC00857 axis. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the biology driving PC metastasis and indicate that the mutant p53-LINC00857 axis might represent a novel therapeutic target for PC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingtao Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mengyuan Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wunai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Simei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Pancreatic Disease Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Kim NH, Kwon M, Jung J, Chae HB, Lee J, Yoon YJ, Moon IS, Lee HK, Namkung W, Stankovic KM, Lee SA, Lee JD, Park SA. Celastrol suppresses the growth of vestibular schwannoma in mice by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2993-3001. [PMID: 35478244 PMCID: PMC9622805 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS), one of characteristic tumors of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), is an intracranial tumor that arises from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. VS results in hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and even death, but there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for treatment. In this study, we established a high-throughput screening to discover effective compounds that could inhibit the viability of VS cells. Among 1019 natural products from the Korea Chemical Bank screened, we found that celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene derived from a Tripterygium Wilfordi plant, exerted potent inhibitory effect on the viability of VS cells with an IC50 value of 0.5 µM. Celastrol (0.5, 1 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of primary VS cells derived from VS patients. Celastrol also inhibited the growth, and induced apoptosis of two other VS cell lines (HEI-193 and SC4). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been found in VS isolated from clinically defined NF2 patients. In HEI-193 and SC4 cells, we demonstrated that celastrol (0.1, 0.5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited TOPFlash reporter activity and protein expression of β-catenin, but not mRNA level of β-catenin. Furthermore, celastrol accelerated the degradation of β-catenin by promoting the formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In nude mice bearing VS cell line SC4 allografts, administration of celastrol (1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p. once every 3 days for 2 weeks) significantly suppressed the tumor growth without showing toxicity. Collectively, this study demonstrates that celastrol can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, consequently inhibiting the growth of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Byeong Chae
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho K Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Se A Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Focal adhesion kinase priming in pancreatic cancer, altering biomechanics to improve chemotherapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1129-1141. [PMID: 35929603 PMCID: PMC9444069 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dense desmoplastic and fibrotic stroma is a characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), regulating disease progression, metastasis and response to treatment. Reciprocal interactions between the tumour and stroma are mediated by bidirectional integrin-mediated signalling, in particular by Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). FAK is often hyperactivated and overexpressed in aggressive cancers, promoting stromal remodelling and inducing tissue stiffness which can accelerate cancer cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Therapeutic targeting of the PDAC stroma is an evolving area of interest for pre-clinical and clinical research, where a subtle reshaping of the stromal architecture prior to chemotherapy may prove promising in the clinical management of disease and overall patient survival. Here, we describe how transient stromal manipulation (or ‘priming’) via short-term FAK inhibition, rather than chronic treatment, can render PDAC cells exquisitely vulnerable to subsequent standard-of-care chemotherapy. We assess how our priming publication fits with the recent literature and describe in this perspective how this could impact future cancer treatment. This highlights the significance of treatment timing and warrants further consideration of anti-fibrotic therapies in the clinical management of PDAC and other fibrotic diseases.
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Qiu J, Tang Y, Liu L, Yu J, Chen Z, Chen H, Yuan R. FOXM1 is regulated by DEPDC1 to facilitate development and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815998. [PMID: 36072787 PMCID: PMC9443502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Disheveled, EGL-10, Pleckstrin domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) is a new oncogene that has recently been described. The mechanisms and functions of its expression are yet to be determined in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, the impact of DEPDC1 on the growth and development of OSCC was investigated using animal models, cell lines and human tissue samples. Elevated DEPDC1 expression within cancer cell lines and human OSCC has been identified. Mechanistic examination showed that restored DEPDC1 expression in vivo and in vitro stimulated OSCC tumour development. In addition, FOXM1 interacts with DEPDC1 as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence testing. Functionally, DEPDC1 facilitated Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction and β-catenin protein nuclear expression. In summary, the DEPDC1, interacting with FOXM1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the closely regulated OSCC pathogenesis, suggesting that targeting the novel DEPDC1/FOXM1/β-catenin complex is an essential OSCC therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongping Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
- Research Institute of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Rongtao Yuan, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Rongtao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Rongtao Yuan, ; Hao Chen,
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Chen L, Xu Z, Li Q, Feng Q, Zheng C, Du Y, Yuan R, Peng X. USP28 facilitates pancreatic cancer progression through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway via stabilising FOXM1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:887. [PMID: 34584067 PMCID: PMC8478945 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that can be reversed by a family of enzymes called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28), a member of the DUBs family, functions as a potential tumour promoter in various cancers. However, the biological function and clinical significance of USP28 in pancreatic cancer (PC) are still unclear. Here, we showed that PC tumours had higher USP28 expression compared with that of normal pancreatic tissues, and high USP28 level was significantly correlated with malignant phenotype and shorter survival in patients with PC. Overexpression of USP28 accelerated PC cell growth, whereas USP28 knockdown impaired PC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we found that USP28 promoted PC cell growth by facilitating cell cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, USP28 deubiquitinated and stabilised FOXM1, a critical mediator of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. USP28-mediated stabilisation of FOXM1 significantly promoted nucleus β-catenin trans-activation, which in turn led to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Finally, restoration of FOXM1 expression abolished the anti-tumour effects of USP28-silencing. Thus, USP28 contributes to PC pathogenesis through enhancing the FOXM1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling, and could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for PC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cihua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yunyan Du
- Department of Medical, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Koch S. Regulation of Wnt Signaling by FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143446. [PMID: 34298659 PMCID: PMC8307807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by a breakdown of cell-to-cell communication, which results in the unrestricted expansion of cells within a tissue. In many cases, tumor growth is maintained by the continuous activation of cell signaling programs that normally drive embryonic development and wound repair. In this review article, I discuss how one of the largest human protein families, namely FOX proteins, controls the activity of the Wnt pathway, a major regulatory signaling cascade in developing organisms and adult stem cells. Evidence suggests that there is considerable crosstalk between FOX proteins and the Wnt pathway, which contributes to cancer initiation and progression. A better understanding of FOX biology may therefore lead to the development of new targeted treatments for many types of cancer. Abstract Aberrant activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of numerous types of cancer. However, in many cases, it is unclear how a chronically high Wnt signaling tone is maintained in the absence of activating pathway mutations. Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and there is mounting evidence that they act in part by fine-tuning the Wnt signaling output in a tissue-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, I review the diverse ways in which FOX transcription factors interact with the Wnt pathway, and how the ectopic reactivation of FOX proteins may affect Wnt signaling activity in various types of cancer. Many FOX transcription factors are partially functionally redundant and exhibit a highly restricted expression pattern, especially in adults. Thus, precision targeting of individual FOX proteins may lead to safe treatment options for Wnt-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koch
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-132-829-69
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Establishment and characterization of a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line from osteosarcoma lung metastases. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100378. [PMID: 34221892 PMCID: PMC8243521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ZOSL-1 was the first report that isolated directly from lung metastases of OS. ZOSL-1 cells were highly metastatic, and the lung metastasis rate was 100% in vivo. ZOSL-1 cells were high expression in GNAS, SCARB1 and CXCR4 genes.
OS (Osteosarcoma) is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents, and lung metastasis limits its therapeutic outcome. The present study aimed to establish a highly metastatic human OS cell line directly from lung metastases and characterize its biological functions. In this study, epithelioid tumor cells with large nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and abundant organelles were obtained by the tissue mass adherent and repeated digestion adherent method and named ZOSL-1 cells. ZOSL-1 cells had the potential to proliferate in vitro with a doubling time of 39.28 ± 3.04 h and migrate with or without a matrix. ZOSL-1 cells were tumorigenic in vivo, and had the ability to develop lung metastasis after intratibial injection. ZOSL-1 cells expressed the osteogenic-related genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, the expression of ZOSL-1 in Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), CD44 molecule (CD44), GNAS complex locus (GNAS), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), cadherin 11 (CDH11), neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and ezrin (EZR) genes may be related to its transfer efficiency. Taken together, these results indicated the high metastatic capability and important biological functions of ZOSL-1 cells. ZOSL-1 establishment provided a relevant model for the study of osteosarcoma lung metastasis.
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FOXM1/LINC00152 feedback loop regulates proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:221642. [PMID: 31854447 PMCID: PMC6974425 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic disease, is featured with inflammatory synovitis, which can lead to destruction on bone and cartilage and even cause disability. Emerging studies demonstrated that Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is a vital cellular participant in RA progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also reported to participate in the pathogenesis of RA. In our present study, lncRNA microarray analysis was applied to screen out lncRNAs differentially expressed in RA FLS. Among which, cytoskeleton regulator RNA (LINC00152) presented biggest fold change. Gain- or loss-of function assays were further carried out in RA FLS, and the results revealed that LINC00152 promoted proliferation but induced apoptosis in RA FLS. Furthermore, up-regulation of LINC00152 may induce promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RA FLS. Mechanistically, we found that forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcriptionally activated LINC00152 in RA FLS. Additionally, LINC00152 positively regulated FOXM1 via sponging miR-1270. In conclusion, the present study focused on elucidating the function of FOXM1/LINC00152 positive feedback loop in RA FLS and its association with Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential process from embryogenesis to cell death. This is tightly regulated by numerous proteins that help in proper functioning of the cell. In diseases like cancer, this process is deregulated and helps in the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary site to secondary sites initiating the process of metastasis. For metastasis to be efficient, cytoskeletal components like actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments and their associated proteins should co-ordinate in an orderly fashion leading to the formation of many cellular protrusions-like lamellipodia and filopodia and invadopodia. Knowledge of this process is the key to control metastasis of cancer cells that leads to death in 90% of the patients. The focus of this review is giving an overall understanding of these process, concentrating on the changes in protein association and regulation and how the tumor cells use it to their advantage. Since the expression of cytoskeletal proteins can be directly related to the degree of malignancy, knowledge about these proteins will provide powerful tools to improve both cancer prognosis and treatment. Abstract Successful metastasis depends on cell invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, and angiogenesis. The process of cell invasion and migration relies on the dynamic changes taking place in the cytoskeletal components; actin, tubulin and intermediate filaments. This is possible due to the plasticity of the cytoskeleton and coordinated action of all the three, is crucial for the process of metastasis from the primary site. Changes in cellular architecture by internal clues will affect the cell functions leading to the formation of different protrusions like lamellipodia, filopodia, and invadopodia that help in cell migration eventually leading to metastasis, which is life threatening than the formation of neoplasms. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved, will give a better insight of the changes during metastasis, which will eventually help targeting proteins for treatment resulting in reduced mortality and longer survival.
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20
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Malinda RR, Zeeberg K, Sharku PC, Ludwig MQ, Pedersen LB, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF. TGFβ Signaling Increases Net Acid Extrusion, Proliferation and Invasion in Panc-1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells: SMAD4 Dependence and Link to Merlin/NF2 Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:687. [PMID: 32457840 PMCID: PMC7221161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival of <10% and severely limited treatment options. PDAC hallmarks include profound metabolic acid production and aggressive local proliferation and invasiveness. This phenotype is supported by upregulated net acid extrusion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the latter typically induced by aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling. It is, however, unknown whether TGFβ-induced EMT and upregulation of acid extrusion are causally related. Here, we show that mRNA and protein expression of the net acid extruding transporters Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1, SLC9A1) and Na+, HCO3- cotransporter 1 (NBCn1, SLC4A7) are increased in a panel of human PDAC cell lines compared to immortalized human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Treatment of Panc-1 cells (which express SMAD4, required for canonical TGFβ signaling) with TGFβ-1 for 48 h elicited classical EMT with down- and upregulation of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, respectively, in a manner inhibited by SMAD4 knockdown. Accordingly, less pronounced EMT was induced in BxPC-3 cells, which do not express SMAD4. TGFβ-1 treatment elicited a SMAD4-dependent increase in NHE1 expression, and a smaller, SMAD4-independent increase in NBCn1 in Panc-1 cells. Consistent with this, TGFβ-1 treatment led to elevated intracellular pH and increased net acid extrusion capacity in Panc-1 cells, but not in BxPC-3 cells, in an NHE1-dependent manner. Proliferation was increased in Panc-1 cells and decreased in BxPC-3 cells, upon TGFβ-1 treatment, and this, as well as EMT per se, was unaffected by NHE1- or NBCn1 inhibition. TGFβ-1-induced EMT was associated with a 4-fold increase in Panc-1 cell invasiveness, which further increased ~10-fold upon knockdown of the tumor suppressor Merlin (Neurofibromatosis type 2). Knockdown of NHE1 or NBCn1 abolished Merlin-induced invasiveness, but not that induced by TGFβ-1 alone. In conclusion, NHE1 and NBCn1 expression and NHE-dependent acid extrusion are upregulated during TGFβ-1-induced EMT of Panc-1 cells. NHE1 upregulation is SMAD4-dependent, and SMAD4-deficient BxPC-3 cells show no change in pHi regulation. NHE1 and NBCn1 are not required for EMT per se or EMT-associated proliferation changes, but are essential for the potentiation of invasiveness induced by Merlin knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj R Malinda
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia C Sharku
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Q Ludwig
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren T Christensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Deng J, Hua L, Han T, Tian M, Wang D, Tang H, Sun S, Chen H, Cheng H, Zhang T, Xie Q, Wan L, Zhu H, Gong Y. The CREB-binding protein inhibitor ICG-001: a promising therapeutic strategy in sporadic meningioma with NF2 mutations. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdz055. [PMID: 32642722 PMCID: PMC7212891 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas with Neurofibromin 2 gene mutations (NF2-mutant meningiomas) account for ~40% of the sporadic meningiomas. However, there is still no effective drug treatment for the disease. Methods Expression profile of Merlin protein was explored through immunohistochemistry in a meningioma patient cohort (n = 346). A 20-agent library covering a wide range of meningioma relevant targets was tested using meningioma cell lines IOMM-Lee (NF2 wildtype) and CH157-MN (NF2 deficient). Therapeutic effects and biological mechanisms of the identified compound, ICG-001, in NF2-mutant meningiomas were further characterized in vitro and in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Results Low Merlin expression was associated with meningioma proliferation and poor clinical outcomes in a large patient series. ICG-001, a cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) inhibitor, selectively suppressed tumor growth of cells with low Merlin expression. Besides, ICG-001 mediated CH157-MN and IOMM-Lee growth inhibition primarily through robust induction of the G1 cell-cycle arrest. Treatment with ICG-001 alone significantly reduced the growth of NF2-mutant xenografts in mice, as well. We also provide further evidence that ICG-001 inhibits proliferation of NF2-mutant meningioma cells at least partly through attenuating the FOXM1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of ligand-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling as well as its drugable potency in NF2-mutant meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sánchez NC, Medrano-Jiménez E, Aguilar-León D, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced miR-146a Upregulation Promotes Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis by Targeting Merlin. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:484-497. [PMID: 31999471 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. This process involves the inactivation of tumor suppressor molecules, yet the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation impairs tumor suppressors are not completely understood. In this study, we show that proinflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) support lung cancer metastasis by reducing the levels of the tumor suppressor Merlin through regulation of miR-146a. Immunodeficient mice inoculated with A549 cells expressing high miR-146a levels and low Merlin protein levels exhibited reduced survival, which correlated with the number of metastatic nodes formed. Accordingly, restoring Merlin protein levels inhibited metastasis and increased survival of the mice. Consistent with these results, we found that elevated miR-146a expression levels correlated with low Merlin protein levels in human lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, human invasive and metastatic tumors showed higher TNF and miR-146a levels, but lower Merlin protein levels than noninvasive tumors. These findings indicate that upregulation of miR-146a by TNF in lung adenocarcinoma promotes Merlin protein inhibition and metastasis. Thus, we suggest that the ratio between miR-146a and Merlin protein levels could be a relevant molecular biomarker that can predict lung cancer progression and that the TNF/miR-146a/Merlin pathway is a promising new therapeutic target to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda C Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Elisa Medrano-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Diana Aguilar-León
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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Forkhead box (FOX) G1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial-Mesenchymal transition by activating Wnt signal through forming T-cell factor-4/Beta-catenin/FOXG1 complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:475. [PMID: 31771611 PMCID: PMC6880489 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) is a member of the Fox transcription factor family involved in regulation of many cancers. However, the role of FOXG1 in hepatocellular carcinogenesisis largely unclear. The present study aimed at examining the biological function and underlying mechanism of FOXG1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor metastasis as well as its clinical significance. Methods Levels of FOXG1 were determined by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis in HCC cell lines and human HCC samples. The effect of FOXG1 on cancer cell invasion and metastasis was investigated in vitro and in vivo in either FOXG1-silenced or overexpressing human HCC cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to investigate the interaction of FOXG1, β-catenin, TCF4 and the effect on Wnt target-gene promoters. Results In human HCC, the level of FOXG1 progressively increased from surrounding non tumorous livers to HCC, reaching the highest levels in metastatic HCC. Furthermore, expression levels of FOXG1 directly correlated with cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In FOXG1-overexpressing cells, FOXG1 promotes the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin by directly binding to β-catenin and it associates with the lymphoid enhancer factor/T cell factor proteins (LEF/TCFs) on Wnt responsive enhancers (WREs) in chromatin. Conclusions The results show that FOXG1 plays a key role in mediating cancer cell metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC cells and predicts HCC prognosis after surgery. Targeting FOXG1 may provide a new approach for therapeutic treatment in the future.
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Vasudevan HN, Braunstein SE, Phillips JJ, Pekmezci M, Tomlin BA, Wu A, Reis GF, Magill ST, Zhang J, Feng FY, Nicholaides T, Chang SM, Sneed PK, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Perry A, Raleigh DR. Comprehensive Molecular Profiling Identifies FOXM1 as a Key Transcription Factor for Meningioma Proliferation. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3672-3683. [PMID: 29590631 PMCID: PMC8204688 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, but the molecular drivers of aggressive meningioma are incompletely understood. Using 280 human meningioma samples and RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, and targeted gene expression profiling, we comprehensively define the molecular profile of aggressive meningioma. Transcriptomic analyses identify FOXM1 as a key transcription factor for meningioma proliferation and a marker of poor clinical outcomes. Consistently, we discover genomic and epigenomic factors associated with FOXM1 activation in aggressive meningiomas. Finally, we define a FOXM1/Wnt signaling axis in meningioma that is associated with a mitotic gene expression program, poor clinical outcomes, and proliferation of primary meningioma cells. In summary, we find that multiple molecular mechanisms converge on a FOXM1/Wnt signaling axis in aggressive meningioma. Using multiplatform molecular profiling, Vasudevan et al. comprehensively define the molecular profile of aggressive meningioma. They identify genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic mechanisms that converge on a FOXM1/Wnt signaling axis in aggressive meningioma that is associated with meningioma cell proliferation and is a marker of poor clinical outcomes across molecular subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve E Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan A Tomlin
- Department of Economics, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerald F Reis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen T Magill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Nicholaides
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Penny K Sneed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W McDermott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Fong CYK, Burke E, Cunningham D, Starling N. Up-to-Date Tailored Systemic Treatment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:7135437. [PMID: 31582971 PMCID: PMC6748185 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is still regarded as an aggressive and life-limiting malignancy. Combination chemotherapy regimens that underpin the current treatment approach in the advanced setting have led to incremental survival gains in recent years but have failed to confer patients with a median overall survival that exceeds 12 months from diagnosis. Research has since focussed on understanding the role and interplay between various components of the desmoplastic stroma and tumour microenvironment, in addition to developing targeted therapies based on molecular features to improve the prognosis associated with this malignancy. This review will summarise the available systemic treatment options and discuss potential methods to refine the resolution of patient selection to enhance responses to currently available therapies. Furthermore, it will explore newer approaches anticipated to come to the fore of future clinical practice, such as agents targeting the DNA damage response and tumour microenvironment as well as immunotherapy-based combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Burke
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Naureen Starling
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
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Parkin A, Man J, Timpson P, Pajic M. Targeting the complexity of Src signalling in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: from mechanism to therapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:3510-3539. [PMID: 31330086 PMCID: PMC6771888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, a disease with extremely poor prognosis, has been notoriously resistant to virtually all forms of treatment. The dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma, frequently mediated by intricate Src/FAK signalling, is increasingly recognised as a key player in pancreatic tumourigenesis, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. These important cues are fundamental for defining the invasive potential of pancreatic tumours, and several components of the Src and downstream effector signalling have been proposed as potent anticancer therapeutic targets. Consequently, numerous agents that block this complex network are being extensively investigated as potential antiinvasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agents for this disease. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence of Src signalling in PDAC progression, fibrotic response and resistance to therapy. We will examine future opportunities for the development and implementation of more effective combination regimens, targeting key components of the oncogenic Src signalling axis, and in the context of a precision medicine-guided approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Parkin
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Jennifer Man
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
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Ram Makena M, Gatla H, Verlekar D, Sukhavasi S, K Pandey M, C Pramanik K. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: The Culprit in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4242. [PMID: 31480221 PMCID: PMC6747343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is responsible for 7.3% of all cancer deaths. Even though there is a steady increase in patient survival for most cancers over the decades, the patient survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains low with current therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls the maintenance of somatic stem cells in many tissues and organs and is implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Further, dysregulated Wnt has been shown to cause drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Although different Wnt antagonists are effective in pancreatic patients, limitations remain that must be overcome to increase the survival benefits associated with this emerging therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer and suggested future directions to enhance the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Himavanth Gatla
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dattesh Verlekar
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sahithi Sukhavasi
- Center for Distance Learning, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA.
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Targeting acquired oncogenic burden in resilient pancreatic cancer: a novel benefit from marine polyphenols. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:175-193. [PMID: 31367889 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The upsurge of marine-derived therapeutics for cancer treatment is evident, with many drugs in clinical use and in clinical trials. Seaweeds harbor large amounts of polyphenols and their anti-cancer benefit is linear to their anti-oxidant activity. Our studies identified three superlative anti-cancer seaweed polyphenol drug candidates (SW-PD). We investigated the acquisition of oncogenic burden in radiation-resilient pancreatic cancer (PC) that could drive tumor relapse, and elucidated the efficacy of SW-PD candidates as adjuvants in genetically diverse in vitro systems and a mouse model of radiation-residual disease. QPCR profiling of 88 oncogenes in therapy-resilient PC cells identified a 'shared' activation of 40 oncogenes. SW-PD pretreatment inflicted a significant mitigation of acquired (shared) oncogenic burden, in addition to drug- and cell-line-specific repression signatures. Tissue microarray with IHC of radiation-residual tumors in mice signified acquired cellular localization of key oncoproteins and other critical architects. Conversely, SW-PD treatment inhibited the acquisition of these critical drivers of tumor genesis, dissemination, and evolution. Heightened death of resilient PC cells with SW-PD treatment validated the translation aspects. The results defined the acquisition of oncogenic burden in resilient PC and demonstrated that the marine polyphenols effectively target the acquired oncogenic burden and could serve as adjuvant(s) for PC treatment.
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Alcantara KMM, Garcia RL. MicroRNA‑92a promotes cell proliferation, migration and survival by directly targeting the tumor suppressor gene NF2 in colorectal and lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2103-2116. [PMID: 30816526 PMCID: PMC6412542 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein Merlin leads to the development of benign nervous system tumors in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Documented causes of Merlin inactivation include deleterious mutations in the encoding neurofibromin 2 gene (NF2) and aberrant Merlin phosphorylation leading to proteasomal degradation. Rare somatic NF2 mutations have also been detected in common human malignancies not associated with NF2, including colorectal and lung cancer. Furthermore, tumors without NF2 mutations and with unaltered NF2 transcript levels, but with low Merlin expression, have been reported. The present study demonstrated that NF2 is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) through direct interaction with evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) within its 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR). Dual-Luciferase assays in human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells revealed downregulation of NF2 by miR-92a-3p via its wild-type 3′UTR, but not NF2−3′UTR with mutated miR-92a-3p MRE. HCT116 cells overexpressing miR-92a-3p exhibited significant downregulation of endogenous NF2 mRNA and protein levels, which was rescued by co-transfection of a target protector oligonucleotide specific for the miR-92a-3p binding site within NF2−3′UTR. miR-92a-3p overexpression in HCT116 and A549 cells promoted migration, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as altered F-actin organization compared with controls. Knockdown of NF2 by siRNA phenocopied the oncogenic effects of miR-92a overexpression on HCT116 and A549 cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study provide functional proof of the unappreciated role of miRNAs in NF2 regulation and tumor progression, leading to enhanced oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizelle Mae M Alcantara
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Reynaldo L Garcia
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Yu C, Zhang L, Luo D, Yan F, Liu J, Shao S, Zhao L, Jin T, Zhao J, Gao L. MicroRNA-146b-3p Promotes Cell Metastasis by Directly Targeting NF2 in Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2018; 28:1627-1641. [PMID: 30244634 PMCID: PMC6308293 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: MiR-146b has been reported to be overexpressed in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues and associated with aggressive PTC. MiR-146b is regarded as a relevant diagnostic marker for this type of cancer. MiR-146b-5p has been confirmed to increase cell proliferation by repressing SMAD4. However, detailed functional analysis of another mature form of miR-146b, miR-146b-3p, has not been carried out. This study aimed to identify the differential expression of miR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p in more aggressive PTC associated with lymph node metastasis, and further elucidate the contribution and mechanism of miR-146b-3p in the process of PTC metastasis. Methods: Expression of miR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p was assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from PTC patients, and the relationship with lymph node metastasis was analyzed. A variety of PTC cells, including BHP10-3, BHP10-3SCmice, and K1 cells, were cultured and treated with miR-146b-5p or miR-146b-3p mimics/inhibitors. The cell migration and invasion abilities were characterized by the real-time cell analyzer assay and Transwell™ assay. PTC xenograft models were used to examine the effect of miR-146b-3p on PTC metastatic ability in vivo. Direct downstream targets of miR-146b-3p were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting. The mechanism by which miR-146b-3p affects cell metastasis was further characterized by co-transfection with merlin, the protein product of the NF2 gene. Results: MiR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p expression was significantly higher in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines than in normal thyroid tissue and cells. Moreover, expression of miR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p was further increased in thyroid metastatic nodes than in thyroid cancer. After overexpression of miR-146b-5p or miR-146b-3p in BHP10-3 or K1 cells, PTC migration and invasion were increased. Notably, miR-146b-3p increased cell migration and invasion more obviously than did miR-146b-5p. Overexpression of miR-146b-3p also significantly promoted PTC tumor metastasis in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay results revealed that NF2 is a downstream target of miR-146b-3p in PTC cells, as miR-146b-3p bound directly to the 3' untranslated region of NF2, thus reducing protein levels of NF2. Overexpression of merlin reversed the enhanced aggressive effects of miR-146b-3p. Conclusions: Overexpression of miR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p is associated with PTC metastasis. MiR-146b-3p enhances cell invasion and metastasis more obviously than miR-146b-5p through the suppression of the NF2 gene. These findings suggest a potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of these miRNAs in PTC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
- Address correspondence to: Chunxiao Yu, PhD, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong 2500021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
- Ling Gao, PhD, MD, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong 2500021, China
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Parkin A, Man J, Chou A, Nagrial AM, Samra J, Gill AJ, Timpson P, Pajic M. The Evolving Understanding of the Molecular and Therapeutic Landscape of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6040103. [PMID: 30428574 PMCID: PMC6313363 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, characterised by poor survival, marked molecular heterogeneity and high intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. Only 10⁻20% of pancreatic cancer patients present with surgically resectable disease and even then, 80% die within 5 years. Our increasing understanding of the genomic heterogeneity of cancer suggests that the failure of definitive clinical trials to demonstrate efficacy in the majority of cases is likely due to the low proportion of responsive molecular subtypes. As a consequence, novel treatment strategies to approach this disease are urgently needed. Significant developments in the field of precision oncology have led to increasing molecular stratification of cancers into subtypes, where individual cancers are selected for optimal therapy depending on their molecular or genomic fingerprint. This review provides an overview of the current status of clinically used and emerging treatment strategies, and discusses the advances in and the potential for the implementation of precision medicine in this highly lethal malignancy, for which there are currently no curative systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Parkin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Man
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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The FOXC1/FBP1 signaling axis promotes colorectal cancer proliferation by enhancing the Warburg effect. Oncogene 2018; 38:483-496. [PMID: 30171256 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors plays vital roles in carcinogenesis. However, the function of the FOX family member FOXC1 in maintenance of colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy is unknown. Herein, FOXC1 expression in CRC specimens in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was analyzed and validated using immunohistochemistry with a tissue microarray. The effect of FOXC1 expression on proliferation of and glycolysis in CRC cells was assessed by altering its expression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation was carried out using cell and molecular biological approaches. Our results showed that FOXC1 expression was higher in CRC specimens than in adjacent benign tissue specimens. Univariate survival analyses of the patients from whom the study specimens were obtained, and validated cohorts indicated that ectopic FOXC1 expression was significantly correlated with shortened survival. Silencing FOXC1 expression in CRC cells inhibited their proliferation and colony formation and decreased their glucose consumption and lactate production. In contrast, FOXC1 overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, increased expression of FOXC1 downregulated that of a key glycolytic enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). Mechanistically, FOXC1 bound directly to the promoter regions of the FBP1 gene and negatively regulated its transcriptional activity. Collectively, aberrant FBP1 expression contributed to CRC tumorigenicity, and decreased FBP1 expression coupled with increased FOXC1 expression provided better prognostic information than did FOXC1 expression alone. Therefore, the FOXC1/FBP1 axis induces CRC cell proliferation, reprograms metabolism in CRCs, and constitutes potential prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Li L, Wu D, Yu Q, Li L, Wu P. Prognostic value of FOXM1 in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32298-32308. [PMID: 28427178 PMCID: PMC5458285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of the association between Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) expression and survival of human solid tumors. To address this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis with 23 studies identified from PubMed and Medline. We found elevated FOXM1-protein expression was significantly associated with worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.56 to 4.25, P < 0.00001) 5-year OS (OR =3.35, 95% CI = 2.64 to 4.26, P < 0.00001) and 10-year OS (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.61 to 10.52, P < 0.00001) of human solid tumors. Similar results were observed when disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed that FOXM1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. High expression level of FOXM1 was also associated with advanced tumor stage. In conclusion, elevated FOXM1 expression is associated with poor survival in most solid tumors. FOXM1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and a promising therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Surgery, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Fourth Ward of Neurosurgery, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdi Li
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kitao A, Matsui O, Yoneda N, Kozaka K, Kobayashi S, Koda W, Minami T, Inoue D, Yoshida K, Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Takamura H, Ohta T, Ikeda H, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Kita R, Gabata T. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reflects co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:205-216. [PMID: 28488786 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation of the co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α with the findings of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B3 expression, and histological findings in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS One hundred and ninety-six HCCs surgically resected from 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The HCCs were classified into four groups by immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, glutamine synthetase (GS), and HNF4α: (i) β-catenin/GS (positive [+]) HNF4α (+); (ii) β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (negative [-]); (iii) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (+); and (iv) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (-). We compared the four groups in terms of the enhancement ratio on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, immunohistochemical organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B3 (a main uptake transporter of gadoxetic acid) expression and histological features, overall survival, and no recurrence survival. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons test, Fisher's exact test, and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). The OATP1B3 grade was also significantly higher in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) (P < 0.001). Hepatocellular carcinoma with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) showed the highest differentiation grade as compared to the other groups (P < 0.004). There were no significant differences in portal vein invasion, macroscopic growth pattern, or prognosis analyses between the four groups. CONCLUSION Co-activation of β-catenin and HNF4α would promote OATP1B3 expression, and consequently higher enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and higher differentiation grade in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kitao
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihide Yoneda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kozaka
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Koda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Minami
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dai Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Gabata
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Sklavos A, Poutahidis T, Giakoustidis A, Makedou K, Angelopoulou K, Hardas A, Andreani P, Zacharioudaki A, Saridis G, Goulopoulos T, Tsarea K, Karamperi M, Papadopoulos V, Papanikolaou V, Papalois A, Iliadis S, Mudan S, Azoulay D, Giakoustidis D. Effects of Wnt-1 blockade in DEN-induced hepatocellular adenomas of mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1211-1219. [PMID: 29399175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may contribute to the development and growth of HCC. Consequently, elements of this pathway have begun to emerge as potential targets for improving outcomes of anti-HCC. Thus, the present study sought to examine the effects of Wnt-1 blockade using the classical diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced chemical carcinogenesis mouse model of HCC. The depletion of Wnt-1 using neutralizing antisera was done for ten consecutive days at the age of 9 months and mice were examined for the following 20 days. At that time, DEN-treated mice had multiple variably-sized hepatic cell adenomas. Anti-Wnt-1 was particularly potent in suppressing the expression of critical elements of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, such as β-catenin and Frizzled-1 receptor, however, not Dickkopf-related protein 1. This effect co-existed with the suppression of Cyclin D1, FOXM1, NF-κΒ and c-Jun commensurate with proliferation and apoptosis blockade in hepatocellular adenomas, and reduced Bcl-2 and c-Met in the serum of mice. Nonetheless, tumor size and multiplicity were found to be unaffected, suggesting that apoptosis may be equally important to proliferation in the context of counteracting DEN induced hepatocellular adenomas of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Sklavos
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Alexander Hardas
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Paola Andreani
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France
| | | | - George Saridis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Thomas Goulopoulos
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Tsarea
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Maria Karamperi
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Propedeutic Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papanikolaou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental and Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Athens 19009, Greece
| | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Candidate tumor suppressor ZNF154 suppresses invasion and metastasis in NPC by inhibiting the EMT via Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85749-85758. [PMID: 29156753 PMCID: PMC5689643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is especially prevalent in southeast Asia and southern China, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. DNA methylation is associated with initiation and progression of tumors, including NPC. Through a genome-wide DNA methylation screening approach, we discovered ZNF154, but its methylation status and roles in NPC have not been investigated. Methods The methylation status of ZNF154 in NPC was detected with Methylation specific-PCR (MSP) and Quantitative Sequenom MassARRAY. The invasion and migration capacities were examined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. The role of ZNF154 in NPC metastasis was clarified with experimental metastasis assay in vivo. Western blotting analysis was used to investigate protein changes followed by ZNF154 over-expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the association between ZNF154 methylation and prognosis in NPC. Results Compared to immortalized nasopharyngeal tissues and cells, ZNF154 expression was frequently downregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines due to promoter methylation. Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) restored ZNF154 expression in NPC cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of ZNF154 in NPC cells inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung nodule formation in an in vivo tumor metastasis assay. Mechanistic investigations suggested ZNF154 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activation and prevents the EMT in NPC. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed hypermethylation of the ZNF154 promoter was associated with significantly poorer disease-free survival (P = 0.032) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.040) among patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Conclusions Taken together, these findings define a novel role for ZNF154 as a tumor suppressor in NPC.
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Genomic Variations in Pancreatic Cancer and Potential Opportunities for Development of New Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061201. [PMID: 28587243 PMCID: PMC5486024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5% and an average median survival time of six months. This is largely due to metastatic disease, which is already present in the majority of patients when diagnosed. Although our understanding of the molecular events underlying multi-step carcinogenesis in pancreatic cancer has steadily increased, translation into more effective therapeutic approaches has been inefficient in recent decades. Therefore, it is imperative that novel and targeted approaches are designed to facilitate the early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Presently, there are numerous ongoing studies investigating the types of genomic variations in pancreatic cancer and their impact on tumor initiation and growth, as well as prognosis. This has led to the development of therapeutics to target these genetic variations for clinical benefit. Thus far, there have been minimal clinical successes directly targeting these genomic alterations; however research is ongoing to ultimately discover an innovative approach to tackle this devastating disease. This review will discuss the genomic variations in pancreatic cancer, and the resulting potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Mukhopadhyay NK, Chand V, Pandey A, Kopanja D, Carr JR, Chen YJ, Liao X, Raychaudhuri P. Plk1 Regulates the Repressor Function of FoxM1b by inhibiting its Interaction with the Retinoblastoma Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46017. [PMID: 28387346 PMCID: PMC5384083 DOI: 10.1038/srep46017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxM1b is a cell cycle-regulated transcription factor, whose over-expression is a marker for poor outcome in cancers. Its transcriptional activation function requires phosphorylation by Cdk1 or Cdk2 that primes FoxM1b for phosphorylation by Plk1, which triggers association with the co-activator CBP. FoxM1b also possesses transcriptional repression function. It represses the mammary differentiation gene GATA3 involving DNMT3b and Rb. We investigated what determines the two distinct functions of FoxM1b: activation and repression. We show that Rb binds to the C-terminal activation domain of FoxM1b. Analyses with phospho-defective and phospho-mimetic mutants of FoxM1b identified a critical role of the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in regulating the binding of FoxM1b to Rb and DNMT3b. That is opposite of what was seen for the interaction of FoxM1b with CBP. We show that, in addition to GATA3, FoxM1b also represses the mammary luminal differentiation marker FoxA1 by promoter-methylation, and that is regulated by the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b. Our results show that the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b serve as a regulator for its repressor function, and they provide insights into how FoxM1b inhibits differentiation genes and activates proliferation genes during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit K. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Vaibhav Chand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Akshay Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Dragana Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Janai R. Carr
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiubei Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL-60612, USA
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Liu K, Fan J, Wu J. Forkhead Box Protein J1 (FOXJ1) is Overexpressed in Colorectal Cancer and Promotes Nuclear Translocation of β-Catenin in SW620 Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:856-866. [PMID: 28209947 PMCID: PMC5328203 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FOXJ1, which is a forkhead transcription factor, has been previously studied mostly as a ciliary transcription factor. The role of FOXJ1 in cancer progression is still elusive and controversial. In the present study, the effect of FOXJ1 in progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Material/Methods The pattern of FOXJ1 expression was investigated using the method of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray (TMA) incorporating 50 pairs of colon cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissue. In addition, the correlation of FOXJ1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated in the other TMA containing 208 cases of colon cancer. Moreover, the influence of regulating FOXJ1 level on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was evaluated. Results Increased expression of FOXJ1was significantly associated with clinical stage (p<0.05), metastasis of lymph node (p<0.05), and invasion depth (p<0.001) in colon cancer, suggesting FOXJ1 is a tumor promoter in CRC. Consistently, FOXJ1 overexpression significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, while silencing of FOXJ1 induced the opposite effect. Furthermore, up-regulation of FOXJ1 in SW620 cells markedly inhibited the level of truncated APC and the phosphorylation of β-catenin, while the level of cyclinD1 was decreased. In addition, overexpression of FOXJ1 significantly promoted nuclear translocation of β-catenin in SW620 cells. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that increased FOXJ1 contributes to the progression of CRC, which might be associated with the promotion effect of β-catenin nuclear translocation. FOXJ1 may be a novel therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jianghao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Yu G, Yu W, Jin G, Xu D, Chen Y, Xia T, Yu A, Fang W, Zhang X, Li Z, Xie K. PKM2 regulates neural invasion of and predicts poor prognosis for human hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:193. [PMID: 26576639 PMCID: PMC4650283 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic and prognostic value of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase (PK) has been implicated in a variety of cancers, while their roles in treatment of and prognosis for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) remain unclear. In this study, we determined the expression of PKM2 in and its impact on biology and clinical outcome of human HC. METHODS The regulation and function of PKM2 in HC pathogenesis was evaluated using human tissues, molecular and cell biology, and animal models, and its prognostic significance was determined according to its impact on patient survival. RESULTS We found that expression of hexokinase 1 and the M2 splice isoform of PK (PKM2) was upregulated in HC tissues and that this expression correlated with tumor recurrence and outcome. PKM2 expression was increased in HC cases with chronic cholangitis as demonstrated by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification. High PKM2 expression was highly correlated with high syndecan 2 (SDC2) expression and neural invasion. PKM2 downregulation led to a decrease in SDC2 expression. Treatment with metformin markedly suppressed PKM2 and SDC2 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and inhibited HC cell proliferation and tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 regulates neural invasion of HC cells at least in part via regulation of SDC2. Inhibition of PKM2 and SDC2 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of metformin on HC. Therefore, PKM2 is an independent prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for human HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Xu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Allan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenzheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese People's Liberation Army, No 411 Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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