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Wang TH, Shen YW, Chen HY, Chen CC, Lin NC, Shih YH, Hsia SM, Chiu KC, Shieh TM. Arecoline Induces ROS Accumulation, Transcription of Proinflammatory Factors, and Expression of KRT6 in Oral Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:412. [PMID: 38398015 PMCID: PMC10887121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca nut is a major contributor to the high prevalence of oral cancer in Asia. The precise mechanisms by which areca nut stimulates mucosal cells and contributes to the progression of oral cancer urgently require clarification. The current study aimed to assess the effects of arecoline on the normal human gingival epithelium cell line S-G. Cell viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein expression, cellular morphology, and gene expression were evaluated using the MTT test, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, optical or confocal microscopy, and RT-qPCR. Keratin (KRT6) analysis involved matched normal and cancer tissues from clinical head and neck specimens. The results demonstrated that 12.5 µg/mL of arecoline induced ROS production, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in S-G cells. This activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway increased KRT6 expression while limiting cell migration. In head and neck cancer tissues, KRT6B gene expression exceeded that of normal tissues. This study confirms that arecoline induces ROS accumulation in normal cells, leading to the secretion of proinflammatory factors and KRT6 expression. This impedes oral mucosal healing, thereby promoting the progression of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Chen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chin Lin
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500011, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of General Dentistry, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411228, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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Han Y, Sun Y, Yang F, Liu Q, Fei W, Qiu W, Wang J, Li L, Zhang X, Wang A, Cui Y. Non-invasive imaging of pathological scars using a portable handheld two-photon microscope. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:329-337. [PMID: 37519215 PMCID: PMC10836882 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological scars are a disorder that can lead to various cosmetic, psychological, and functional problems, and no effective assessment methods are currently available. Assessment and treatment of pathological scars are based on cutaneous manifestations. A two-photon microscope (TPM) with the potential for real-time non-invasive assessment may help determine the under-surface pathophysiological conditions in vivo . This study used a portable handheld TPM to image epidermal cells and dermal collagen structures in pathological scars and normal skin in vivo to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in scar patients. METHODS Fifteen patients with pathological scars and three healthy controls were recruited. Imaging was performed using a portable handheld TPM. Five indexes were extracted from two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) perspectives, including collagen depth, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) contour ratio, thickness, orientation, and occupation (proportion of collagen fibers in the field of view) of collagen. Two depth-dependent indexes were computed through the 3D second harmonic generation image and three morphology-related indexes from the 2D images. We assessed index differences between scar and normal skin and changes before and after treatment. RESULTS Pathological scars and normal skin differed markedly regarding the epidermal morphological structure and the spectral characteristics of collagen fibers. Five indexes were employed to distinguish between normal skin and scar tissue. Statistically significant differences were found in average depth ( t = 9.917, P <0.001), thickness ( t = 4.037, P <0.001), occupation ( t = 2.169, P <0.050), orientation of collagen ( t = 3.669, P <0.001), and the DEJ contour ratio ( t = 5.105, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Use of portable handheld TPM can distinguish collagen from skin tissues; thus, it is more suitable for scar imaging than reflectance confocal microscopy. Thus, a TPM may be an auxiliary tool for scar treatment selection and assessing treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feili Yang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qingwu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenmin Fei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wenzhuo Qiu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linshuang Li
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Villarreal PP, Pal R, Qiu S, Coblens O, Villasante-Tezanos A, Resto V, McCammon S, Vargas G. Label-Free Imaging and Histo-Optical Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancers with Multiphoton Autofluorescence Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1302. [PMID: 36831646 PMCID: PMC9953923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Depth-resolved label-free optical imaging by the method of multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) may offer new ways to examine cellular and extracellular atypia associated with epithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MPAM was evaluated for its ability to identify cellular and microstructural atypia in head and neck tissues from resected discarded tumor tissue. Three-dimensional image volumes were obtained from tissues from the floor of the mouth, tongue, and larynx, and were then processed for histology. MPAM micrographs were evaluated for qualitative metrics of cell atypia and quantitative measures associated with nuclear pleomorphism. Statistical analyses correlated MPAM endpoints with histological grade from each imaged site. Cellular overcrowding, discohesion, anisonucleosis, and multinucleated cells, as observed through MPAM, were found to be statistically associated with dysplasia and SCC grading, but not in histologically benign regions. A quantitative measure of the coefficient of variance in nuclear size in SCC and dysplasia was statistically elevated above histologically benign regions. MPAM also allowed for the identification of cellular heterogeneity across transitional areas and other features, such as inflammatory infiltrates. In the future, MPAM could be evaluated for the non-invasive detection of neoplasia, possibly as an adjunct to traditional conventional examination and biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Patricia Villarreal
- The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Orly Coblens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School for Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Oncology Division, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Xu Y, Deng X, Sun Y, Wang X, Xiao Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Jiang L. Optical Imaging in the Diagnosis of OPMDs Malignant Transformation. J Dent Res 2022; 101:749-758. [PMID: 35114846 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211072477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a heterogeneous group of oral lesions with a variable risk of malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The current OPMDs malignant transformation screening depends on conventional oral examination (COE) and is confirmed by biopsy and histologic examination. However, early malignant lesions with subtle mucosal changes are easily unnoticed by COE based on visual inspection and palpation. Optical techniques have been used to determine the biological structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues noninvasively by analyzing the changes in their optical properties. The oral epithelium and stroma undergo persistent structural, functional, and biochemical alterations during malignant transformation, leading to variations in optical tissue properties; optical techniques are thus powerful tools for detecting OPMDs malignant transformation. The optical imaging methods already used to detect OPMDs malignant transformation in vivo include autofluorescence imaging, narrowband imaging, confocal reflectance microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. They exhibit advantages over COE in detecting biochemical or morphologic changes at the molecular or cellular level in vivo; however, limitations also exist. This article comprehensively reviews the various real-time in vivo optical imaging methods used in the adjunctive diagnosis of OPMDs malignant transformation. We focus on the principles of these techniques, review their clinical application, and compare and summarize their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pal R, Villarreal P, Yu X, Qiu S, Vargas G. Multimodal widefield fluorescence imaging with nonlinear optical microscopy workflow for noninvasive oral epithelial neoplasia detection: a preclinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200213R. [PMID: 33200597 PMCID: PMC7667429 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Early detection of epithelial cancers and precancers/neoplasia in the presence of benign lesions is challenging due to the lack of robust in vivo imaging and biopsy guidance techniques. Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) has shown promise for optical biopsy through the detection of cellular and extracellular signatures of neoplasia. Although in vivo microscopy techniques continue to be developed, the surface area imaged in microscopy is limited by the field of view. FDA-approved widefield fluorescence (WF) imaging systems that capture autofluorescence signatures of neoplasia provide molecular information at large fields of view, which may complement the cytologic and architectural information provided by NLOM. AIM A multimodal imaging approach with high-sensitivity WF and high-resolution NLOM was investigated to identify and distinguish image-based features of neoplasia from normal and benign lesions. APPROACH In vivo label-free WF imaging and NLOM was performed in preclinical hamster models of oral neoplasia and inflammation. Analyses of WF imaging, NLOM imaging, and dual modality (WF combined with NLOM) were performed. RESULTS WF imaging showed increased red-to-green autofluorescence ratio in neoplasia compared to inflammation and normal oral mucosa (p < 0.01). In vivo assessment of the mucosal tissue with NLOM revealed subsurface cytologic (nuclear pleomorphism) and architectural (remodeling of extracellular matrix) atypia in histologically confirmed neoplastic tissue, which were not observed in inflammation or normal mucosa. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of macroscopic and microscopic image-based features indicated improved performance (94% sensitivity and 97% specificity) of a multiscale approach over WF alone, even in the presence of benign lesions (inflammation), a common confounding factor in diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal imaging approach integrating strengths from WF and NLOM may be beneficial in identifying oral neoplasia. Our study could guide future studies on human oral neoplasia to further evaluate merits and limitations of multimodal workflows and inform the development of multiscale clinical imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paula Villarreal
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Suimin Qiu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Gracie Vargas
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
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Sriram G, Sudhaharan T, Wright GD. Multiphoton Microscopy for Noninvasive and Label-Free Imaging of Human Skin and Oral Mucosa Equivalents. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2150:195-212. [PMID: 30941721 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a powerful modality for noninvasive, spatial, and temporal imaging of biological tissues without the use of labels and/or dyes. It provides complimentary imaging modalities, which include two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). 2PEF from endogenous chromophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADH), flavins and keratin enable visualization of cellular and subcellular structures. SHG provides visualization of asymmetric macromolecular structures such as collagen. These modalities enable the visualization of biochemical and biological alterations within live tissues in their native state.Organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents have been increasingly used across basic and translational research. However, assessment of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents is predominantly based on histological techniques which are not suited for real-time imaging and longitudinal studies of the tissues in their native state. 2PEF from endogenous chromophores and SHG from collagen can be effectively used as an imaging tool for noninvasive and label-free acquisition of cellular and matrix structures of live skin and oral mucosa cultures.In this chapter, the methods for noninvasive and label-free imaging of monolayer and organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa using multiphoton microscopy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thankiah Sudhaharan
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Graham D Wright
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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Farah CS, Fox SA. Dysplastic oral leukoplakia is molecularly distinct from leukoplakia without dysplasia. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1715-1723. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camile S. Farah
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Simon A. Fox
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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Wael Youssef E. Age-Dependent Differential Expression of Apoptotic Markers in Rat Oral Mucosa. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3245-3250. [PMID: 30486627 PMCID: PMC6318412 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that gingival tissue produces age-dependent activation of apoptotic markers. Methods: To address the hypothesis, a prospective experimental study was conducted on 20 adult male albino rats, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised rats aged six months (weighing 150–200 g), and group 2 included old rats aged one year (weighing 250–300 g). Gingival tissue and buccal mucosa biopsy samples were obtained from both groups. Histological and immunohistochemical (Bax apoptotic protein marker) sections were analyzed for both groups. Results: Our data showed a significant decrease in the proliferative activity of oral mucosa (gingiva and buccal mucosa) in old rats and an increase in the immunoreactivity of Bax apoptotic proteins related to increased susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. The mucosal structures (epithelium and lamina propria) were significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for Bax was different between young and old rats. Conclusions: Aging is associated with changes that lead to progressive, irreversible deterioration of the functional capacities of several tissues and organs. Our study demonstrated the effect of age on the histological and apoptotic behavior of oral mucosa (gingiva and buccal mucosa) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Wael Youssef
- Oral Diagnostic Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Precise Segmentation and Classification of Epithelial Rete-Pegs Signature in Assessing Lower Limb Wound Healing Progression. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-018-0442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Richardson LS, Vargas G, Brown T, Ochoa L, Sheller-Miller S, Saade GR, Taylor RN, Menon R. Discovery and Characterization of Human Amniochorionic Membrane Microfractures. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2821-2830. [PMID: 28939208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study obtained visual evidence of novel cellular and extracellular matrix-level structural alterations in term and preterm human fetal amniochorionic membranes. Amniochorions were collected from term cesarean (not in labor) or vaginal (labor) deliveries, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and spontaneous preterm birth. To determine the effect of oxidative stress on membranes at term or preterm labor, term not in labor samples in an organ explant culture in vitro were exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Tissues were imaged using multiphoton autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. Images were analyzed using ImageJ and IMARIS software. Three-dimensional microscopic analysis of membranes revealed microfractures that were characterized by amnion cell puckering, basement membrane degradation, and tunnels that extended into the collagen matrix with migrating cells. Numbers of microfractures were similar at term regardless of labor status; however, morphometric measures (width and depth) were higher in term labor membranes. Oxidative stress induced higher numbers of microfractures in term not in labor membranes, with morphometry resembling that seen in term labor membranes. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes had the highest number of microfractures compared to membranes from term and other preterm births. Microfractures are structural alterations indicative of areas of tissue remodeling during gestation. Their increase at preterm and in response to oxidative stress may indicate failure to reseal, predisposing membranes to rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology and Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Tyra Brown
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology and Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lorenzo Ochoa
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology and Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - George R Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas.
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Pal R, Edward K, Ma L, Qiu S, Vargas G. Spectroscopic characterization of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma using multiphoton autofluorescence micro-spectroscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:866-873. [PMID: 28677822 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) has shown potential in identifying features that are directly related to tissue microstructural and biochemical changes throughout epithelial neoplasia. In this study, we evaluate the autofluorescence spectral characteristics of neoplastic epithelium in dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using multiphoton autofluorescence spectroscopy (MPAS) in an in vivo hamster model of oral neoplasia in order to identify unique signatures that could be used to delineate normal oral mucosa from neoplasia. MATERIALS/METHODS A 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) hamster model of oral precancer and OSCC was used for in vivo MPAM and MPAS. Multiphoton Imaging and spectroscopy were performed with 780 nm excitation while a bandpass emission 450-650 nm was used for MPAM. Autofluorescence spectra was collected in the spectral window of 400-650 nm. RESULTS MPAS with fluorescence excitation at 780 nm revealed an overall red shift of a primary blue-green peak (480-520 nm) that is attributed to NADH and FAD. In the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and some high-grade dysplasia an additional prominent peak at 635 nm, attributed to PpIX was observed. The fluorescence intensity at 635 nm and an intensity ratio of the primary blue-green peak versus 635 nm peak, showed statistically significant difference between control and neoplastic tissue. DISCUSSION Neoplastic transformation in the epithelium is known to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important tissue metabolites such as NADH, FAD, and PpIX, which was observed by MPAS in their native environment. A combination of deep tissue microscopy owing to higher penetration depth of multiphoton excitation and depth resolved spectroscopy could prove to be invaluable in identification of cytologic as well as biomolecular spectral characteristic of oral epithelial neoplasia. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:866-873, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Kert Edward
- Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, UWI Mona, Kingston 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Liang Ma
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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12
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Kandel ME, Sridharan S, Liang J, Luo Z, Han K, Macias V, Shah A, Patel R, Tangella K, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Guzman G, Popescu G. Label-free tissue scanner for colorectal cancer screening. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66016. [PMID: 28655054 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The current practice of surgical pathology relies on external contrast agents to reveal tissue architecture, which is then qualitatively examined by a trained pathologist. The diagnosis is based on the comparison with standardized empirical, qualitative assessments of limited objectivity. We propose an approach to pathology based on interferometric imaging of “unstained” biopsies, which provides unique capabilities for quantitative diagnosis and automation. We developed a label-free tissue scanner based on “quantitative phase imaging,” which maps out optical path length at each point in the field of view and, thus, yields images that are sensitive to the “nanoscale” tissue architecture. Unlike analysis of stained tissue, which is qualitative in nature and affected by color balance, staining strength and imaging conditions, optical path length measurements are intrinsically quantitative, i.e., images can be compared across different instruments and clinical sites. These critical features allow us to automate the diagnosis process. We paired our interferometric optical system with highly parallelized, dedicated software algorithms for data acquisition, allowing us to image at a throughput comparable to that of commercial tissue scanners while maintaining the nanoscale sensitivity to morphology. Based on the measured phase information, we implemented software tools for autofocusing during imaging, as well as image archiving and data access. To illustrate the potential of our technology for large volume pathology screening, we established an “intrinsic marker” for colorectal disease that detects tissue with dysplasia or colorectal cancer and flags specific areas for further examination, potentially improving the efficiency of existing pathology workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Kandel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesbUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Shamira Sridharan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatescUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesdUniversity of California, Biomedical Engineering Department, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jon Liang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Zelun Luo
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kevin Han
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Virgilia Macias
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anish Shah
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Roshan Patel
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Grace Guzman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesbUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United StatescUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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