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Tushoski-Alemán GW, Herremans KM, Underwood PW, Akki A, Riner AN, Trevino JG, Han S, Hughes SJ. Infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in association with inflammation and survival in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297325. [PMID: 38346068 PMCID: PMC10861089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) have heterogeneous tumor microenvironments relatively devoid of infiltrating immune cells. We aimed to quantitatively assess infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in a treatment-naïve patient cohort and assess associations with overall survival and microenvironment inflammatory proteins. METHODS Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and quantitatively assessed using QuPath. Levels of inflammation-associated proteins were quantified by multiplexed, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay panels on matching tumor and tissue samples. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant increase in both CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes populations in PDAC compared with non-PDAC tissue, except when comparing CD8+ percentages in PDAC versus intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (p = 0.5012). Patients with quantitatively assessed CD3+ low tumors (lower 50%) had shorter survival (median 273 days) compared to CD3+ high tumors (upper 50%) with a median overall survival of 642.5 days (p = 0.2184). Patients with quantitatively assessed CD8+ low tumors had significantly shorter survival (median 240 days) compared to CD8+ high tumors with a median overall survival of 1059 days (p = 0.0003). Of 41 proteins assessed in the inflammation assay, higher levels of IL-1B and IL-2 were significantly associated with decreased CD3+ infiltration (r = -0.3704, p = 0.0187, and r = -0.4275, p = 0.0074, respectively). Higher levels of IL-1B were also significantly associated with decreased CD8+ infiltration (r = -0.4299, p = 0.0045), but not IL-2 (r = -0.0078, p = 0.9616). Principal component analysis of the inflammatory analytes showed diverse inflammatory responses in PDAC. CONCLUSION In this work, we found a marked heterogeneity in infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and individual inflammatory responses in PDAC. Future mechanistic studies should explore personalized therapeutic strategies to target the immune and inflammatory components of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerik W. Tushoski-Alemán
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashwin Akki
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Zheng H, Wu X, Guo L, Liu J. MyD88 signaling pathways: role in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336696. [PMID: 38347830 PMCID: PMC10859757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MyD88 plays a central role in breast cancer, exerting a multitude of effects that carry substantial implications. Elevated MyD88 expression is closely associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, suggesting its potential as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target. MyD88 exerts influence over several critical aspects of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance, and the regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Furthermore, MyD88 modulates the release of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, thereby shaping the tumor's immune microenvironment. Its role in immune response modulation underscores its potential in influencing the dynamic interplay between tumors and the immune system. MyD88 primarily exerts intricate effects on tumor progression through pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-like Receptor/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), and others. Nevertheless, in-depth research is essential to unveil the precise mechanisms underlying the diverse roles of MyD88 in breast cancer. The translation of these findings into clinical applications holds great promise for advancing precision medicine approaches for breast cancer patients, ultimately enhancing prognosis and enabling the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Zhang P, Liu N, Xue M, Zhang M, Liu W, Xu C, Fan Y, Meng Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of β-Sitosterol in Copper Sulfate-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:391. [PMID: 36829951 PMCID: PMC9952786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Sitosterol, which is used extensively in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, has high nutritional value along with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of β-sitosterol in zebrafish and explored the associated molecular mechanisms. In an in vivo antioxidant experiment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were treated with different concentrations of β-sitosterol and then exposed to a nonlethal concentration of CuSO4 to induce oxidative stress. Treatment with β-sitosterol at 70 or 100 μg/mL significantly reduced CuSO4-induced oxidative stress in the zebrafish, demonstrating the strong antioxidant activity of β-sitosterol. Treatment with β-sitosterol protected zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage from CuSO4 by upregulating the expressions of sod and gpx4b. In a zebrafish model of inflammation, pretreatment with β-sitosterol before CuSO4 exposure inhibited neutrophil recruitment and damage to lateral line neuromasts, indicating a potent anti-inflammatory effect derived from reductions in the expressions of il-8 and myd88. The results demonstrate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of β-sitosterol and suggest that β-sitosterol may be useful for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Naicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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Zhou Q, Chen D, Zhang J, Xiang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhang Y. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma holds unique features to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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5
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Lavania S. Delivering a Double Whammy: Targeting Stroma to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1159-1161. [PMID: 36067817 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Lavania
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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6
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Herremans KM, Riner AN, Cameron ME, McKinley KL, Triplett EW, Hughes SJ, Trevino JG. The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:93. [PMID: 35701831 PMCID: PMC9199224 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with limited diagnostic and treatment options. Not all populations are affected equally, as disparities exist in pancreatic cancer prevalence, treatment and outcomes. Recently, next-generation sequencing has facilitated a more comprehensive analysis of the human oral microbiome creating opportunity for its application in precision medicine. Oral microbial shifts occur in patients with pancreatic cancer, which may be appreciated years prior to their diagnosis. In addition, pathogenic bacteria common in the oral cavity have been found within pancreatic tumors. Despite these findings, much remains unknown about how or why the oral microbiome differs in patients with pancreatic cancer. As individuals develop, their oral microbiome reflects both their genotype and environmental influences. Genetics, race/ethnicity, smoking, socioeconomics and age affect the composition of the oral microbiota, which may ultimately play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oral dysbiosis found in patients with pancreatic cancer though they have yet to be confirmed. With a better understanding of the interplay between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer, improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may be implemented to reduce healthcare disparities. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Miles E. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kelley L. McKinley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Eric W. Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23298-0645 USA
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7
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Lu SY, Hua J, Xu J, Wei MY, Liang C, Meng QC, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu XJ, Shi S. Microorganisms in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview of current research and future directions. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2666-2682. [PMID: 34326701 PMCID: PMC8315022 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with a very high mortality rate. While gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the predominant treatment for terminal pancreatic cancer, its therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. Recently, many studies have found that microorganisms not only play a consequential role in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer but also modulate the effect of chemotherapy to some extent. Moreover, microorganisms may become an important biomarker for predicting pancreatic carcinogenesis and detecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. However, the existing experimental literature is not sufficient or convincing. Therefore, further exploration and experiments are imperative to understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between microorganisms and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we primarily summarize and discuss the influences of oncolytic viruses and bacteria on pancreatic cancer chemotherapy because these are the two types of microorganisms that are most often studied. We focus on some potential methods specific to these two types of microorganisms that can be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Schmiechen ZC, Stromnes IM. Mechanisms Governing Immunotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613815. [PMID: 33584701 PMCID: PMC7876239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of 10%. Disease lethality is due to late diagnosis, early metastasis and resistance to therapy, including immunotherapy. PDA creates a robust fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment that contributes to immunotherapy resistance. While previously considered an immune privileged site, evidence demonstrates that in some cases tumor antigen-specific T cells infiltrate and preferentially accumulate in PDA and are central to tumor cell clearance and long-term remission. Nonetheless, PDA can rapidly evade an adaptive immune response using a myriad of mechanisms. Mounting evidence indicates PDA interferes with T cell differentiation into potent cytolytic effector T cells via deficiencies in naive T cell priming, inducing T cell suppression or promoting T cell exhaustion. Mechanistic research indicates that immunotherapy combinations that change the suppressive tumor microenvironment while engaging antigen-specific T cells is required for treatment of advanced disease. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding mechanisms limiting T cell function and current strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe C. Schmiechen
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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9
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Cannon A, Thompson CM, Maurer HC, Atri P, Bhatia R, West S, Ghersi D, Olive KP, Kumar S, Batra SK. CXCR3 and Cognate Ligands are Associated with Immune Cell Alteration and Aggressiveness of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6051-6063. [PMID: 32873571 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytokine milieu in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) promotes tumor progression and immune suppression, contributing to the dismal prognosis of patients with PDAC. The roles of many of these cytokines, however, have not been thoroughly investigated in PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PDAC microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were analyzed to identify cytokines and cognate receptors overexpressed in PDAC and associated with survival. Pathway and CIBERSORT analyses were used to elucidate potential mechanisms of altered patient survival. Comparative analysis of cytokine expression in KPC (K-rasG12D; TP53R172H; Pdx-1cre) and KC (K-rasG12D; Pdx-1cre) PDAC models and multicolor immunofluorescence (IF) staining of human PDAC-resected samples were used to validate these findings. RESULTS CXCL9 and CXCL10 were among the most highly overexpressed cytokines by bioinformatics analyses, while their receptor, CXCR3, was significantly overexpressed by IHC analysis. Higher CXCR3 ligand expression was associated with shorter overall survival, while high CXCR3 expression was associated with better survival. The CXCR3 ligands, CXCL4, 9, and 10, were overexpressed in KPC compared with KC mice. Pathway analysis of CXCR3- and CXCR3 ligand-associated genes showed that CXCR3 is a marker of antitumor immunity, while its ligands may promote immunosuppression. CIBERSORT and IF studies of PDAC tissues demonstrated that high CXCR3 expression was associated with increased CD8+ T-cell and naïve B-cell signatures and loss of plasma cell signatures. CXCR3 ligand expression was associated with increased CD8+ T-cell signatures and loss of natural killer-cell signatures. CONCLUSIONS CXCR3 ligands are overexpressed in PDAC and are associated with poor survival likely related to alterations in tumor immune infiltrate/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Christopher M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Medical Center, New York, New York.,Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sean West
- College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dario Ghersi
- College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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10
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Quoc Lam B, Shrivastava SK, Shrivastava A, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. The Impact of obesity and diabetes mellitus on pancreatic cancer: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7706-7716. [PMID: 32458441 PMCID: PMC7348166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Western world has increased dramatically during the recent decades. According to the American Cancer Society, pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. The relationship among obesity, T2DM and PC is complex. Due to increase in obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle, the mortality due to PC is expected to rise significantly by year 2040. The underlying mechanisms by which diabetes and obesity contribute to pancreatic tumorigenesis are not well understood. Furthermore, metabolism and microenvironment within the pancreas can also modulate pancreatic carcinogenesis. The risk of PC on a population level may be reduced by modifiable lifestyle risk factors. In this review, the interactions of diabetes and obesity to PC development were summarized, and novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and PC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Quoc Lam
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Oncology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Meng Z, Ren D, Zhang K, Zhao J, Jin X, Wu H. Using ESTIMATE algorithm to establish an 8-mRNA signature prognosis prediction system and identify immunocyte infiltration-related genes in Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5048-5070. [PMID: 32181755 PMCID: PMC7138590 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tumour microenvironment is one of the significant factors driving the carcinogenesis of Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, the underlying mechanism of how the tumour microenvironment impacts the prognosis of PAAD is not completely clear. RESULTS The transcriptome and clinical data of 182 PAAD program cases were downloaded from the TCGA database. Three hundred thirty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low stromal groups and 314 DEGs between high and low immune score groups were identified using ESTIMATE score. Based on the 203 genes differentially expressed simultaneously in two score-related comparisons, we established an 8-mRNA signature to evaluate the prognosis of PAAD patients. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly worse survival for patients with high-risk scores in both the training and validation groups. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor and had a high predictive value for the prognosis of patients with PAAD. By searching the TCGA database, we showed that CA9, CXCL9, and GIMAP7 from the 8-mRNA signature were associated with the infiltration levels of immunocytes by regulating FOXO1 expression in PAAD. CONCLUSIONS Unlike traditional methods of screening for differential genes in cancer and healthy tissues, we constructed a novel 8-mRNA signature to predict the prognosis of PAAD patients by applying ESTIMATE scoring to RNA-seq-based transcriptome data. Most importantly, we identified CA9, CXCL9, and GIMAP7 from the above eight genes as regulators of immunocyte infiltration by adjusting the expression of FOXO1 in PAAD. Thus, CA9, CXCL9, and GIMAP7 might be the ideal targets of immune therapy of PAAD. METHODS ESTIMATE scoring was used to determine the stromal and immune scores of transcriptome datasets downloaded from the TCGA database. An mRNA-based prognostic signature was built for the training cohort via the LASSO Cox regression model. The signature was verified using a validation cohort. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank analysis were used to identify survival differences. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR analysis were carried out to analyze the expression of specific proteins and mRNAs. IHC was performed to assess the protein levels of Forkhead box-O 1 (FOXO1), Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), and GTPase, IMAP family member 7 (GIMAP7) in the tissue microarray of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head And Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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12
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Pancreatic Cancer, Gut Microbiota, and Therapeutic Efficacy. J Cancer 2020; 11:2749-2758. [PMID: 32226493 PMCID: PMC7086274 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Current treatment relies on surgical resection and adjuvant therapies. The gut microbiota plays important roles in metabolism and immunomodulation. Accumulating evidence has implied that the gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which could affect the efficacy of both conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the history and highlights of the interactions among pancreatic cancer, the gut microbiota and therapeutic efficacy and showed the promising future of manipulating the gut microbiota to improve clinical outcomes of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Zhou Q, Tao X, Xia S, Guo F, Pan C, Xiang H, Shang D. T Lymphocytes: A Promising Immunotherapeutic Target for Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer? Front Oncol 2020; 10:382. [PMID: 32266154 PMCID: PMC7105736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic disorders cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, mainly including acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and are associated with high global rates of morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease remains obscure, and there is a lack of specific treatments. T lymphocytes (T cells) play a vital role in the adaptive immune systems of multicellular organisms. During pancreatic disease development, local imbalances in T-cell subsets in inflammatory and tumor environments and the circulation have been observed. Furthermore, agents targeting T cells have been shown to reverse the natural course of pancreatic diseases. In this review, we have discussed the clinical relevance of T-cell alterations as a potential outcome predictor and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the present status of immunotherapy targeting T cells in pancreatitis and neoplasms. The breakthrough findings summarized in this review have important implications for innovative drug development and the prospective use of immunotherapy for pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Xiang
| | - Dong Shang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dong Shang
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14
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Shen Y, Xu L, Ning Z, Liu L, Lin J, Chen H, Meng Z. ARHGAP4 regulates the cell migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer by the HDAC2/β-catenin signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1405-1414. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway that mediates multiple cellular processes, such as cell migration and invasion. HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2), a deacetylase that maintains histone H3 in a deacetylated state in the promoter region of Wnt-targeted genes where β-catenin is bound, negatively regulating β-catenin activation. However, the regulation of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway remains unclear. Here, we report ARHGAP4 as a new regulator of the β-catenin pathway that regulates cell invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer as well as the downstream effector MMP2 and MMP9 expression in vitro. Mechanistically, ARHGAP4 interacts with and ubiquitinates HDAC2, which in turn inhibits β-catenin activation. Furthermore, treatment of CAY10683, an HDAC2 inhibitor, and XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, attenuated the effects of ARHGAP4 silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, our findings establish ARHGAP4 as a novel regulator of HDAC2/β-catenin pathway with a critical role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Shen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Litao Xu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyu Ning
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Lin
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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IL-8 Released from Human Pancreatic Cancer and Tumor-Associated Stromal Cells Signals through a CXCR2-ERK1/2 Axis to Induce Muscle Atrophy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121863. [PMID: 31769424 PMCID: PMC6966692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived cytokines are known to drive the catabolism of host tissues, including skeletal muscle. However, our understanding of the specific cytokines that initiate this process remains incomplete. In the current study, we conducted multiplex analyte profiling of cytokines in conditioned medium (CM) collected from human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, human tumor-associated stromal (TAS) cells, and their co-culture. Of the factors identified, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is released at high levels from PC cells and PC/TAS co-culture and has previously been associated with low muscle mass in cancer patients. We, therefore, treated C2C12 myotubes with IL-8 which led to the activation of ERK1/2, STAT, and Smad signaling, and induced myotube atrophy. Moreover, the treatment of mice with IL-8 also induced significant muscle wasting, confirming the in vivo relevance of IL-8 on muscle. Mechanistically, IL-8-induced myotube atrophy is inhibited by treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, or by treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126. We further demonstrate that this axis mediates muscle atrophy induced by pancreatic cancer cell CM, as neutralization of IL-8 or treatment with SB225002 or U0126 significantly inhibit CM-induced myotube atrophy. Thus, these data support a key role of IL-8 released from human PC cells in initiating atrophy of muscle cells via CXCR2-ERK1/2.
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16
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Bhagat TD, Von Ahrens D, Dawlaty M, Zou Y, Baddour J, Achreja A, Zhao H, Yang L, Patel B, Kwak C, Choudhary GS, Gordon-Mitchell S, Aluri S, Bhattacharyya S, Sahu S, Bhagat P, Yu Y, Bartenstein M, Giricz O, Suzuki M, Sohal D, Gupta S, Guerrero PA, Batra S, Goggins M, Steidl U, Greally J, Agarwal B, Pradhan K, Banerjee D, Nagrath D, Maitra A, Verma A. Lactate-mediated epigenetic reprogramming regulates formation of human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. eLife 2019; 8:e50663. [PMID: 31663852 PMCID: PMC6874475 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with fibrotic stroma, the molecular pathways regulating the formation of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are not well elucidated. An epigenomic analysis of patient-derived and de-novo generated CAFs demonstrated widespread loss of cytosine methylation that was associated with overexpression of various inflammatory transcripts including CXCR4. Co-culture of neoplastic cells with CAFs led to increased invasiveness that was abrogated by inhibition of CXCR4. Metabolite tracing revealed that lactate produced by neoplastic cells leads to increased production of alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) within mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In turn, aKG mediated activation of the demethylase TET enzyme led to decreased cytosine methylation and increased hydroxymethylation during de novo differentiation of MSCs to CAF. Co-injection of neoplastic cells with TET-deficient MSCs inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Thus, in PDAC, a tumor-mediated lactate flux is associated with widespread epigenomic reprogramming that is seen during CAF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dagny Von Ahrens
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Meelad Dawlaty
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yiyu Zou
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Changsoo Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Gaurav S Choudhary
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Srinivas Aluri
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Srabani Sahu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Prafulla Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yiting Yu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Matthias Bartenstein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Orsi Giricz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Davendra Sohal
- Department of MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | | | | | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Deepak Nagrath
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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17
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Underwood PW, Trevino JG. A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: the key to developing effective immunotherapies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:162. [PMID: 31168443 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Underwood
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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18
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Garg B, Giri B, Modi S, Sethi V, Castro I, Umland O, Ban Y, Lavania S, Dawra R, Banerjee S, Vickers S, Merchant NB, Chen SX, Gilboa E, Ramakrishnan S, Saluja A, Dudeja V. NFκB in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Reduces Infiltration of Tumors by Cytotoxic T Cells and Killing of Cancer Cells, via Up-regulation of CXCL12. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:880-891.e8. [PMID: 29909021 PMCID: PMC6679683 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immunotherapies are ineffective against pancreatic cancer. We investigated whether the activity of nuclear factor (NF)κB in pancreatic stromal cells contributes to an environment that suppresses antitumor immune response. METHODS Pancreata of C57BL/6 or Rag1-/- mice were given pancreatic injections of a combination of KrasG12D/+; Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx-1cre (KPC) pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) extracted from C57BL/6 (control) or mice with disruption of the gene encoding the NFκB p50 subunit (Nfkb1 or p50-/- mice). Tumor growth was measured as an endpoint. Other mice were given injections of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) lung cancer cells or B16-F10 melanoma cells with control or p50-/- fibroblasts. Cytotoxic T cells were depleted from C57BL/6 mice by administration of antibodies against CD8 (anti-CD8), and growth of tumors from KPC cells, with or without control or p50-/- PSCs, was measured. Some mice were given an inhibitor of CXCL12 (AMD3100) and tumor growth was measured. T-cell migration toward cancer cells was measured using the Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS C57BL/6 mice coinjected with KPC cells (or LLC or B16-F10 cells) and p50-/- PSCs developed smaller tumors than mice given injections of the cancer cells along with control PSCs. Tumors that formed when KPC cells were injected along with p50-/- PSCs had increased infiltration by activated cytotoxic T cells along with decreased levels of CXCL12, compared with tumors grown from KPC cells injected along with control PSCs. KPC cells, when coinjected with control or p50-/- PSCs, developed the same-size tumors when CD8+ T cells were depleted from C57BL/6 mice or in Rag1-/- mice. The CXCL12 inhibitor slowed tumor growth and increased tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T cells. In vitro expression of p50 by PSCs reduced T-cell migration toward and killing of cancer cells. When cultured with cancer cells, control PSCs expressed 10-fold higher levels of CXCL12 than p50-/- PSCs. The CXCL12 inhibitor increased migration of T cells toward KPC cells in culture. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice and cell lines, we found that NFκB activity in PSCs promotes tumor growth by increasing expression of CXCL12, which prevents cytotoxic T cells from infiltrating the tumor and killing cancer cells. Strategies to block CXCL12 in pancreatic tumor cells might increase antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Garg
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shrey Modi
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vrishketan Sethi
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Iris Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rajinder Dawra
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Selwyn Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Steven Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sundaram Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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19
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Kondo Y, Fu J, Wang H, Hoover C, McDaniel JM, Steet R, Patra D, Song J, Pollard L, Cathey S, Yago T, Wiley G, Macwana S, Guthridge J, McGee S, Li S, Griffin C, Furukawa K, James JA, Ruan C, McEver RP, Wierenga KJ, Gaffney PM, Xia L. Site-1 protease deficiency causes human skeletal dysplasia due to defective inter-organelle protein trafficking. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121596. [PMID: 30046013 PMCID: PMC6124414 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-1 protease (S1P), encoded by MBTPS1, is a serine protease in the Golgi. S1P regulates lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, and lysosome biogenesis in mice and in cultured cells. However, how S1P differentially regulates these diverse functions in humans has been unclear. In addition, no human disease with S1P deficiency has been identified. Here, we report a pediatric patient with an amorphic and a severely hypomorphic mutation in MBTPS1. The unique combination of these mutations results in a frequency of functional MBTPS1 transcripts of approximately 1%, a finding that is associated with skeletal dysplasia and elevated blood lysosomal enzymes. We found that the residually expressed S1P is sufficient for lipid homeostasis but not for ER and lysosomal functions, especially in chondrocytes. The defective S1P function specifically impairs activation of the ER stress transducer BBF2H7, leading to ER retention of collagen in chondrocytes. S1P deficiency also causes abnormal secretion of lysosomal enzymes due to partial impairment of mannose-6-phosphate-dependent delivery to lysosomes. Collectively, these abnormalities lead to apoptosis of chondrocytes and lysosomal enzyme-mediated degradation of the bone matrix. Correction of an MBTPS1 variant or reduction of ER stress mitigated collagen-trafficking defects. These results define a new congenital human skeletal disorder and, more importantly, reveal that S1P is particularly required for skeletal development in humans. Our findings may also lead to new therapies for other genetic skeletal diseases, as ER dysfunction is common in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura Pollard
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Cathey
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Graham Wiley
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel Guthridge
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Judith A James
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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20
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Lu C, Yang D, Sabbatini ME, Colby AH, Grinstaff MW, Oberlies NH, Pearce C, Liu K. Contrasting roles of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 in regulation of apoptosis and gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:149. [PMID: 29409480 PMCID: PMC5801751 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the most dismal prognosis among all human cancers since it is highly resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The anticipated consequence of all therapies is induction of tumor apoptosis. The highly resistance nature of PDACs to all therapies suggests that the intrinsic tumor cell factors, likely the deregulated apoptosis pathway, are key mechanisms underlying PDAC non-response to these therapies, rather than the therapeutic agents themselves. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that epigenetic dysregulation of apoptosis mediators underlies PDAC resistance to gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapy for human PDAC. Methods PDAC cells were analyzed for apoptosis sensitivity in the presence of a selective epigenetic inhibitor. The epigenetic regulation of apoptosis regulators was determined by Western Blotting and quantitative PCR. The specific epigenetic modification of apoptosis regulator promoter chromatin was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation in PDAC cells. Results Inhibition of histone methyltransferase (HMTase) by a selective HMTase inhibitor, verticillin A, significantly increased human PDAC cell sensitivity to gemcitabine-induced growth suppression. Verticillin A treatment decreased FLIP, Mcl-1, Bcl-x and increased Bak, Bax and Bim protein level in the tumor cells, resulting in activation of caspases, elevated cytochrome C release and increased apoptosis as determined by upregulated PARP cleavage in tumor cells. Analysis of human PDAC specimens indicated that the expression levels of anti-apoptotic mediators Bcl-x, Mcl-1, and FLIP were significantly higher, whereas the expression levels of pro-apoptotic mediators Bim, Bak and Bax were dramatically lower in human PDAC tissues as compared to normal pancreas. Verticillin A downregulated H3K4me3 levels at the BCL2L1, CFLAR and MCL-1 promoter to decrease Bcl-x, FLIP and Mcl-1 expression level, and inhibited H3K9me3 levels at the BAK1, BAX and BCL2L11 promoter to upregulate Bak, Bax and Bim expression level. Conclusion We determined that PDAC cells use H3K4me3 to activate Bcl-x, FLIP and Mcl-1, and H3K9me3 to silence Bak, Bax and Bim to acquire an apoptosis-resistant phenotype. Therefore, selective inhibition of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 is potentially an effective approach to overcome PDAC cells resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Aaron H Colby
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Brookline, MA, 02445, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | | | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
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21
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Rubiano A, Delitto D, Han S, Gerber M, Galitz C, Trevino J, Thomas RM, Hughes SJ, Simmons CS. Viscoelastic properties of human pancreatic tumors and in vitro constructs to mimic mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:331-340. [PMID: 29191507 PMCID: PMC5797706 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost universally fatal, in large part due to a protective fibrotic barrier generated by tumor-associated stromal (TAS) cells. This barrier is thought to promote cancer cell survival and confounds attempts to develop effective therapies. We present a 3D in vitro system that replicates the mechanical properties of the PDAC microenvironment, representing an invaluable tool for understanding the biology of the disease. Mesoscale indentation quantified viscoelastic metrics of resected malignant tumors, inflamed chronic pancreatitis regions, and histologically normal tissue. Both pancreatitis (2.15 ± 0.41 kPa, Mean ± SD) and tumors (5.46 ± 3.18 kPa) exhibit higher Steady-State Modulus (SSM) than normal tissue (1.06 ± 0.25 kPa; p < .005). The average viscosity of pancreatitis samples (63.2 ± 26.7 kPa·s) is significantly lower than that of both normal tissue (252 ± 134 kPa·s) and tumors (349 ± 222 kPa·s; p < .005). To mimic this remodeling behavior, PDAC and TAS cells were isolated from human PDAC tumors. Conditioned medium from PDAC cells was used to culture TAS-embedded collagen hydrogels. After 7 days, TAS-embedded gels in control medium reached SSM (1.45 ± 0.12 kPa) near normal pancreas, while gels maintained with conditioned medium achieved higher SSM (3.38 ± 0.146 kPa) consistent with tumors. Taken together, we have demonstrated an in vitro system that recapitulates in vivo stiffening of PDAC tumors. In addition, our quantification of viscoelastic properties suggests that elastography algorithms incorporating viscosity may be able to more accurately distinguish between pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Understanding tumor-stroma crosstalk in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenged by a lack of stroma-mimicking model systems. To design appropriate models, pancreatic tissue must be characterized with a method capable of evaluating in vitro models as well. Our indentation-based characterization tool quantified the distinct viscoelastic signatures of inflamed resections from pancreatitis, tumors from PDAC, and otherwise normal tissue to inform development of mechanically appropriate engineered tissues and scaffolds. We also made progress toward a 3D in vitro system that recapitulates mechanical properties of tumors. Our in vitro model of stromal cells in collagen and complementary characterization system can be used to investigate mechanisms of cancer-stroma crosstalk in PDAC and to propose and test innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Rubiano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Michael Gerber
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Carly Galitz
- Department of Mathematics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Ryan M Thomas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Chelsey S Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, United States; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, United States.
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22
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Identification of genes highly downregulated in pancreatic cancer through a meta-analysis of microarray datasets: implications for discovery of novel tumor-suppressor genes and therapeutic targets. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:309-320. [PMID: 29288362 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lack of specific symptoms at early tumor stages, together with a high biological aggressiveness of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate for pancreatic cancer (PC), which has a 5-year survival rate of about 7%. Recent failures of targeted therapies inhibiting kinase activity in clinical trials have highlighted the need for new approaches towards combating this deadly disease. METHODS In this study, we have identified genes that are significantly downregulated in PC, through a meta-analysis of large number of microarray datasets. We have used qRT-PCR to confirm the downregulation of selected genes in a panel of PC cell lines. RESULTS This study has yielded several novel candidate tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) including GNMT, CEL, PLA2G1B and SERPINI2. We highlight the role of GNMT, a methyl transferase associated with the methylation potential of the cell, and CEL, a lipase, as potential therapeutic targets. We have uncovered genetic links to risk factors associated with PC such as smoking and obesity. Genes important for patient survival and prognosis are also discussed, and we confirm the dysregulation of metabolic pathways previously observed in PC. CONCLUSIONS While many of the genes downregulated in our dataset are associated with protein products normally produced by the pancreas for excretion, we have uncovered some genes whose downregulation appear to play a more causal role in PC. These genes will assist in providing a better understanding of the disease etiology of PC, and in the search for new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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A Biomimetic Microfluidic Tumor Microenvironment Platform Mimicking the EPR Effect for Rapid Screening of Drug Delivery Systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9359. [PMID: 28839211 PMCID: PMC5571192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of tumor drug delivery in vivo is a daunting challenge due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a biomimetic microfluidic tumor microenvironment (bMTM) comprising co-culture of tumor and endothelial cells in a 3D environment. The platform consists of a vascular compartment featuring a network of vessels cultured with endothelial cells forming a complete lumen under shear flow in communication with 3D solid tumors cultured in a tumor compartment. Endothelial cell permeability to both small dye molecules and large liposomal drug carriers were quantified using fluorescence microscopy. Endothelial cell intercellular junction formation was characterized by immunostaining. Endothelial cell permeability significantly increased in the presence of either tumor cell conditioned media (TCM) or tumor cells. The magnitude of this increase in permeability was significantly higher in the presence of metastatic breast tumor cells as compared to non-metastatic ones. Immunostaining revealed impaired endothelial cell-cell junctions in the presence of either metastatic TCM or metastatic tumor cells. Our findings indicate that the bMTM platform mimics the tumor microenvironment including the EPR effect. This platform has a significant potential in applications such as cell-cell/cell-drug carrier interaction studies and rapid screening of cancer drug therapeutics/carriers.
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24
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Reha J, Katz SC. Regional immunotherapy for liver and peritoneal metastases. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:46-54. [PMID: 28543176 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a biologically aggressive disease, with liver and peritoneal metastases being a frequent cause of death. We examine how the pancreatic carcinoma microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape favor tumor progression. Immunotherapy has shown promise in select solid tumors, yet challenges remain in applying these gains to stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We discuss how regional therapy strategies may be leveraged to open new avenues for treating pancreatic carcinoma metastases with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Reha
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Steven C Katz
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
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