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Huang X, Xue Z, Zhang D, Lee HJ. Pinpointing Fat Molecules: Advances in Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy for Lipid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7945-7958. [PMID: 38700460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zexin Xue
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Computer-Aided Detection of Quantitative Signatures for Breast Fibroepithelial Tumors Using Label-Free Multi-Photon Imaging. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103340. [PMID: 35630817 PMCID: PMC9144626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroadenomas (FAs) and phyllodes tumors (PTs) are major benign breast tumors, pathologically classified as fibroepithelial tumors. Although the clinical management of PTs differs from FAs, distinction by core needle biopsy diagnoses is still challenging. Here, a combined technique of label-free imaging with multi-photon microscopy and artificial intelligence was applied to detect quantitative signatures that differentiate fibroepithelial lesions. Multi-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals were detected in tissue sections. A pixel-wise semantic segmentation method using a deep learning framework was used to separate epithelial and stromal regions automatically. The epithelial to stromal area ratio and the collagen SHG signal strength were investigated for their ability to distinguish fibroepithelial lesions. An image segmentation analysis with a pixel-wise semantic segmentation framework using a deep convolutional neural network showed the accurate separation of epithelial and stromal regions. A further investigation, to determine if scoring the epithelial to stromal area ratio and the SHG signal strength within the stromal area could be a marker for differentiating fibroepithelial tumors, showed accurate classification. Therefore, molecular and morphological changes, detected through the assistance of computational and label-free multi-photon imaging techniques, enable us to propose quantitative signatures for epithelial and stromal alterations in breast tissues.
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Gillette AA, DeStefanis RA, Pritzl SL, Deming DA, Skala MC. Inhibition of B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins alters optical redox ratio, mitochondrial polarization, and cell energetics independent of cell state. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210354GR. [PMID: 35643815 PMCID: PMC9142839 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.5.056505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The optical redox ratio (ORR) [autofluorescence intensity of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H)/flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)] provides a label-free method to quantify cellular metabolism. However, it is unclear whether changes in the ORR with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family protein inhibition are due to metabolic stress alone or compromised cell viability. AIM Determine whether ABT-263 (navitoclax, Bcl-2 family inhibitor) changes the ORR due to changes in mitochondrial function that are independent of changes in cell viability. APPROACH SW48 colon cancer cells were used to investigate changes in ORR, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rates, and cell state (cell growth, viability, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence) with ABT-263, TAK-228 [sapanisertib, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC 1/2) inhibitor], and their combination at 24 h. RESULTS Changes in the ORR with Bcl-2 inhibition are driven by increases in both NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence, corresponding with increased basal metabolic rate and increased mitochondrial polarization. ABT-263 treatment does not change cell viability or induce autophagy but does induce a senescent phenotype. The metabolic changes seen with ABT-263 treatment are mitigated by combination with mTORC1/2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The ORR is sensitive to increases in mitochondrial polarization, energetic state, and cell senescence, which can change independently from cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A. Gillette
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rebecca A. DeStefanis
- University of Wisconsin, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Pritzl
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dustin A. Deming
- University of Wisconsin, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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5
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Fung AA, Hoang K, Zha H, Chen D, Zhang W, Shi L. Imaging Sub-Cellular Methionine and Insulin Interplay in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Lipid Droplet Metabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858017. [PMID: 35359364 PMCID: PMC8960266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive cancer subtype that is difficult to diagnose due to its discriminating epidemiology and obscure metabolome. For the first time, 3D spatial and chemometric analyses uncover the unique lipid metabolome of TNBC under the tandem modulation of two key metabolites - insulin and methionine - using non-invasive optical techniques. By conjugating heavy water (D2O) probed Raman scattering with label-free two-photon fluorescence (TPF) microscopy, we observed altered de novo lipogenesis, 3D lipid droplet morphology, and lipid peroxidation under various methionine and insulin concentrations. Quantitative interrogation of both spatial and chemometric lipid metabolism under tandem metabolite modulation confirms significant interaction of insulin and methionine, which may prove to be critical therapeutic targets, and proposes a powerful optical imaging platform with subcellular resolution for metabolic and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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6
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Nonlinear optical response of cancer cells following conventional and nano-technology based treatment strategies: Results of chemo-, thermo- and radiation therapies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102686. [PMID: 34915185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although traditional treatments are able to increase cancer survival rate, undesirable impact on off-target tissues are considered a limitation of these approaches. Nanotechnology-based treatments have been proposed as a possible option to enhance targeting., Further,current methods for evaluating cellular damage, are time consuming, highly dependent on the operator skills, and expensive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of nonlinear optical response of cells to determine cellular damages during conventional and nano-technology based treatments. METHODS Three different cancer cell lines, CT26, KB, and MCF-7 were used in this study. The alginate hydrogel co-loaded with cisplatin and Au nanoparticle (ACA) nanocomplex and gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticle (Au@IONP) were considered for chemo- and chemo-photothermal therapies, and thermo-radiation therapy, respectively. The sign and value of nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of cells were computed. MTT assay was utilized as a reference method. RESULTS The value of nonlinear optical indices increased with increasing cellular damage and cell death. The linear regression analysis indicated high correlation between nonlinear optical indices and MTT results, in all treatments. CONCLUSION The nonlinear optical indices are robust from confounding factors, namely treatment approach (traditional and nano-technology based), treatment modality (chemotherapy, thermotherapy, photothermal therapy, and radiation therapy), and cell types. Nonlinear optical properties of cells can be used as a rapid estimation method for cell damage, at the nanoscale level.
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7
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Prince RC, Potma EO. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy: capable solution in search of a larger audience. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210102-PER. [PMID: 34085436 PMCID: PMC8174578 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is an optical imaging technique with capabilities that could benefit a broad range of biomedical research studies. AIM We reflect on the birth, rapid rise, and inescapable growing pains of the technique and look back on nearly four decades of developments to examine where the CRS imaging approach might be headed in the next decade to come. APPROACH We provide a brief historical account of CRS microscopy, followed by a discussion of the challenges to disseminate the technique to a larger audience. We then highlight recent progress in expanding the capabilities of the CRS microscope and assess its current appeal as a practical imaging tool. RESULTS New developments in Raman tagging have improved the specificity and sensitivity of the CRS technique. In addition, technical advances have led to CRS microscopes that can capture hyperspectral data cubes at practical acquisition times. These improvements have broadened the application space of the technique. CONCLUSION The technical performance of the CRS microscope has improved dramatically since its inception, but these advances have not yet translated into a substantial user base beyond a strong core of enthusiasts. Nonetheless, new developments are poised to move the unique capabilities of the technique into the hands of more users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Prince
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Eric O. Potma
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Chemistry, Irvine, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Eric O. Potma,
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8
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Premadasa UI, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Doughty B, Ma YZ. Spatially co-registered wide-field nonlinear optical imaging of living and complex biosystems in a total internal reflection geometry. Analyst 2021; 146:3062-3072. [PMID: 33949432 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy that leverages an objective based total internal reflection (TIR) excitation scheme is an attractive means for rapid, wide-field imaging with enhanced surface sensitivity. Through select combinations of distinct modalities, one can, in principle, access complementary chemical and structural information for various chemical species near interfaces. Here, we report a successful implementation of such a wide-field nonlinear optical microscope system, which combines coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon fluorescence (TPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and sum frequency generation (SFG) modalities on the same platform. The intense optical fields needed to drive these high order nonlinear optical processes are achieved through the use of femtosecond pulsed light in combination with the intrinsic field confinement induced by TIR over a large field of view. The performance of our multimodal microscope was first assessed through the experimental determination of its chemical fidelity, intensity and polarization dependences, and spatial resolution using a set of well-defined model systems. Subsequently, its unique capabilities were validated through imaging complex biological systems, including Hydrangea quercifolia pollen grains and Pantoea sp. YR343 bacterial cells. Specifically, the spatial distribution of different molecular groups in the former was visualized via vibrational contrast mechanisms of CARS, whereas co-registered TPF imaging allowed the identification of spatially localized intrinsic fluorophores. We further demonstrate the feasibility of our microscope for wide-field CARS imaging on live cells through independent characterization of cell viability using spatially co-registered TPF imaging. This approach to TIR enabled wide-field imaging is expected to provide new insights into bacterial strains and their interactions with other species in the rhizosphere in a time-resolved and chemically selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Amber N Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Cao D, Li W, Jing Y, Zhong H, Liu H, Zhu X. Optical biopsy of laryngeal lesions using femtosecond multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1308-1319. [PMID: 33796355 PMCID: PMC7984806 DOI: 10.1364/boe.414931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. Detection of early lesions in vivo could improve the survival rate significantly. In this study, we demonstrated that femtosecond multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an effective tool to visualize the microscopic features within fixed laryngeal tissues, without sectioning, staining, or labeling. Accurate detection of lesions and determination of the tumor grading can be achieved, with excellent consistency with conventional histological examination. These results suggest that MPM may represent a powerful tool for in-vivo or fast ex-vivo diagnosis of laryngeal lesions at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing 100730, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Chen
- Femtosecond Research Center (Guangzhou), A616 80 Lanyue Road, Guangzhou 510663, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dingfang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanlei Jing
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Femtosecond Research Center (Guangzhou), A616 80 Lanyue Road, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Femtosecond Research Center (Guangzhou), A616 80 Lanyue Road, Guangzhou 510663, China
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10
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Borrego SL, Fahrmann J, Hou J, Lin DW, Tromberg BJ, Fiehn O, Kaiser P. Lipid remodeling in response to methionine stress in MDA-MBA-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100056. [PMID: 33647277 PMCID: PMC8042402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid and critical precursor to the cellular methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine. Unlike nontransformed cells, cancer cells have a unique metabolic requirement for Met and are unable to proliferate in growth media where Met is replaced with its metabolic precursor, homocysteine. This metabolic vulnerability is common among cancer cells regardless of tissue origin and is known as "methionine dependence", "methionine stress sensitivity", or the Hoffman effect. The response of lipids to Met stress, however, is not well-understood. Using mass spectroscopy, label-free vibrational microscopy, and next-generation sequencing, we characterize the response of lipids to Met stress in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and its Met stress insensitive derivative, MDA-MB-468res-R8. Lipidome analysis identified an immediate, global decrease in lipid abundances with the exception of triglycerides and an increase in lipid droplets in response to Met stress specifically in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, specific gene expression changes were observed as a secondary response to Met stress in MDA-MB-468, resulting in a downregulation of fatty acid metabolic genes and an upregulation of genes in the unfolded protein response pathway. We conclude that the extensive changes in lipid abundance during Met stress is a direct consequence of the modified metabolic profile previously described in Met stress-sensitive cells. The changes in lipid abundance likely results in changes in membrane composition inducing the unfolded protein response we observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Borrego
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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11
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Chen WC, Chen YJ, Lin ST, Hung WH, Chan MC, Wu IC, Wu MT, Kuo CT, Das S, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Label-free characterization of collagen fibers in cancerous esophagus tissues using ratiometric nonlinear optical microscopy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1213-1221. [PMID: 32536201 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The issue of classifying esophageal cancer at various developmental stages is crucial for determining the optimized treatment protocol for the patients, as well as the prognosis. Precision improvement in staging esophageal cancer keeps seeking quantitative and analytical imaging methods that could augment histopathological techniques. In this work, we used nonlinear optical microscopy for ratiometric analysis on the intrinsic signal of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from single collagen fibers only in submucosa of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blind tests of TPEF/SHG and forward (F)/backward (B) SHG were demonstrated to compare with the histology conclusion. The discussion of sensitivity and specificity was provided via statistical comparison between the four stages of esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of using these two ratios in combination for staging ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Hung
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwans
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12
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Hou J, Reid NE, Tromberg BJ, Potma EO. Kinetic Analysis of Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells via Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. Biophys J 2020; 119:258-264. [PMID: 32610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the behavior of breast cancer cells via reaction kinetics may help unravel the mechanisms that underlie metabolic changes in tumors. However, obtaining human in vivo kinetic data is challenging because of difficulties associated with measuring these parameters. Nondestructive methods of measuring lipid content in live cells provide a novel approach to quantitatively model lipid synthesis and consumption. In this study, coherent Raman scattering microscopy was used to probe de novo intracellular lipid content. Combining nonlinear optical microscopy and Michaelis-Menten kinetics-based simulations, we isolated fatty acid synthesis/consumption rates and elucidated effects of altered lipid metabolism in T47D breast cancer cells. When treated with 17β-estradiol, the lipid utilization in cancer cells jumped by twofold. Meanwhile, the rate of de novo lipid synthesis in cancer cells treated with 17β-estradiol was increased by 42%. To test the model in extreme metabolic conditions, we treated T47D cells with etomoxir. Our kinetic analysis demonstrated that the rate of key enzymatic reactions dropped by 75%. These results underline the capability to probe lipid alterations in live cells with minimum interruption and to characterize lipid metabolism in breast cancer cells via quantitative kinetic models and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Nellone E Reid
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Eric O Potma
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
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13
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Le D, Dhamecha D, Gonsalves A, Menon JU. Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemiluminescence for Bioimaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32117914 PMCID: PMC7016203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue imaging has emerged as an important aspect of theragnosis. It is essential not only to evaluate the degree of the disease and thus provide appropriate treatments, but also to monitor the delivery of administered drugs and the subsequent recovery of target tissues. Several techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computational tomography (CT), acoustic tomography (AT), biofluorescence (BF) and chemiluminescence (CL), have been developed to reconstruct three-dimensional images of tissues. While imaging has been achieved with adequate spatial resolution for shallow depths, challenges still remain for imaging deep tissues. Energy loss is usually observed when using a magnetic field or traditional ultrasound (US), which leads to a need for more powerful energy input. This may subsequently result in tissue damage. CT requires exposure to radiation and a high dose of contrast agent to be administered for imaging. The BF technique, meanwhile, is affected by strong scattering of light and autofluorescence of tissues. The CL is a more selective and sensitive method as stable luminophores are produced from physiochemical reactions, e.g. with reactive oxygen species. Development of near infrared-emitting luminophores also bring potential for application of CL in deep tissues and whole animal studies. However, traditional CL imaging requires an enhancer to increase the intensity of low-level light emissions, while reducing the scattering of emitted light through turbid tissue environment. There has been interest in the use of focused ultrasound (FUS), which can allow acoustic waves to propagate within tissues and modulate chemiluminescence signals. While light scattering is decreased, the spatial resolution is increased with the assistance of US. In this review, chemiluminescence detection in deep tissues with assistance of FUS will be highlighted to discuss its potential in deep tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jyothi U. Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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14
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Kim YS, Gupta Vallur P, Jones VM, Worley BL, Shimko S, Shin DH, Crawford LC, Chen CW, Aird KM, Abraham T, Shepherd TG, Warrick JI, Lee NY, Phaeton R, Mythreye K, Hempel N. Context-dependent activation of SIRT3 is necessary for anchorage-independent survival and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:1619-1633. [PMID: 31723239 PMCID: PMC7036012 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells must alter their antioxidant capacity for maximal metastatic potential. Yet the antioxidant adaptations required for ovarian cancer transcoelomic metastasis, which is the passive dissemination of cells in the peritoneal cavity, remain largely unexplored. Somewhat contradicting the need for oxidant scavenging are previous observations that expression of SIRT3, a nutrient stress sensor and regulator of mitochondrial antioxidant defenses, is often suppressed in many primary tumors. We have discovered that this mitochondrial deacetylase is specifically upregulated in a context-dependent manner in cancer cells. SIRT3 activity and expression transiently increased following ovarian cancer cell detachment and in tumor cells derived from malignant ascites of high-grade serous adenocarcinoma patients. Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents mitochondrial superoxide surges in detached cells by regulating the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). This mitochondrial stress response is under dual regulation by SIRT3. SIRT3 rapidly increases SOD2 activity as an early adaptation to cellular detachment, which is followed by SIRT3-dependent increases in SOD2 mRNA during sustained anchorage-independence. In addition, SIRT3 inhibits glycolytic capacity in anchorage-independent cells thereby contributing to metabolic changes in response to detachment. While manipulation of SIRT3 expression has few deleterious effects on cancer cells in attached conditions, SIRT3 upregulation and SIRT3-mediated oxidant scavenging are required for anoikis resistance in vitro following matrix detachment, and both SIRT3 and SOD2 are necessary for colonization of the peritoneal cavity in vivo. Our results highlight the novel context-specific, pro-metastatic role of SIRT3 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Piyushi Gupta Vallur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Victoria M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Beth L Worley
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sara Shimko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dong-Hui Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - LaTaijah C Crawford
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
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15
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Andreana M, Sentosa R, Erkkilä MT, Drexler W, Unterhuber A. Depth resolved label-free multimodal optical imaging platform to study morpho-molecular composition of tissue. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:997-1008. [PMID: 30882117 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging platforms offer a vast array of tissue information in a single image acquisition by combining complementary imaging techniques. By merging different systems, better tissue characterization can be achieved than is possible by the constituent imaging modalities alone. The combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with non-linear optical imaging (NLOI) techniques such as two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) provides access to detailed information of tissue structure and molecular composition in a fast, label-free and non-invasive manner. We introduce a multimodal label-free approach for morpho-molecular imaging and spectroscopy and validate the system in mouse skin demonstrating the potential of the system for colocalized acquisition of OCT and NLOI signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andreana
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Spectral tracing of deuterium for imaging glucose metabolism. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:402-413. [PMID: 31036888 PMCID: PMC6599680 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues often display pronounced spatial and dynamical metabolic heterogeneity. Prevalent glucose-imaging techniques report glucose uptake or catabolism activity, yet do not trace the functional utilization of glucose-derived anabolic products. Here, we report a microscopy technique for the optical imaging, via the spectral tracing of deuterium (referred to as STRIDE), of diverse macromolecules derived from glucose. Based on stimulated-Raman-scattering imaging, STRIDE visualizes the metabolic dynamics of newly synthesized macromolecules, such as DNA, protein, lipids and glycogen, via the enrichment and distinct spectra of carbon–deuterium bonds transferred from the deuterated glucose precursor. STRIDE can also use spectral differences derived from different glucose isotopologues to visualize temporally separated glucose populations in a pulse–chase manner. We also show that STRIDE can be used to image glucose metabolism in many mouse tissues, including tumours, the brain, the intestine and the liver, at a detection limit of 10 mM of carbon–deuterium bonds. STRIDE provides a high-resolution and chemically informative assessment of glucose anabolic utilization.
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