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Yalamanchali A, Hassan KA. MUC1-C: The Occam Razor of Osimertinib Resistance? J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:370-372. [PMID: 38453323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled A Hassan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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2
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Research on the influence of APOBEC family on the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of various tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:357-366. [PMID: 36222899 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) is a family of highly efficient cytidine deaminase enzymes. APOBECs have been proven to deaminate cytidine on single-stranded DNA or RNA. Inducing the deamination of cytosine on the target gene into uracil, which exerts a variety of physiological functions, plays an important role in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and antiviral. As the research progresses, APOBECs have been confirmed to be highly expressed in a variety of tumors, causing abnormal mutations in host genes, leading to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes or activation of proto-oncogenes, and their role in tumor development and as diagnostic and treatment markers gradually be found. CONCLUSION This article will review the mechanism of APOBECs and their impact on tumor occurrence, development, diagnosis, and treatment, and provide a theoretical basis for future tumor treatment.
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3
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Liu Z, Li X, Gao J, Yin P, Teng Y, Yu P. The therapeutic inhibition of topoisomerase inhibitor and crizotinib combination in EGFR wild and mutant lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Hsieh PC, Wu YK, Huang CY, Yang MC, Kuo CY, Tzeng IS, Lan CC. Comparison of T790M Acquisition After Treatment With First- and Second-Generation Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869390. [PMID: 35837103 PMCID: PMC9274284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is a common disease with a high mortality rate. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are found in adenocarcinomas, and oral EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) show good responses. EGFR-TKI therapy eventually results in resistance, with the most common being T790M. T790M is also a biomarker for predicting resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs and is sensitive to osimertinib. The prognosis was better for patients with acquired T790M who were treated with osimertinib than for those treated with chemotherapy. Therefore, T790M mutation is important for deciding further treatment and prognosis. Previous studies based on small sample sizes have reported very different T790 mutation rates. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the T790M mutation rate after EGFR-TKI treatment. Methods We systematic reviewed the electronic databases to evaluate the T790M mutation rate after treatment with first-generation (gefitinib, erlotinib, and icotinib) and second-generation (afatinib and dacomitinib) EGFR-TKIs. Random-effects network meta-analysis and single-arm meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the T790M mutation rate of the target EGFR-TKIs. Results A total of 518 studies were identified, of which 29 were included. Compared with afatinib, a higher odds ratio (OR) of the T790M mutation rate was observed after erlotinib [OR = 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.09–2.00] and gefitinib (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.11–1.90) treatments. An even OR of the T790M mutation rate was noted after icotinib treatment (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.46–1.79) compared with that after afatinib. The T790M mutation rate was significantly lower with afatinib (33%) than that with gefitinib (49%) and erlotinib treatments (47%) (p < 0.001). The acquired T790M mutation rate in all participants was slightly lower in Asians (43%) than that in Caucasians (47%). Conclusions Erlotinib and gefitinib had a higher OR for the T790M mutation than afatinib. The T790M mutation rate was significantly lower in afatinib than in gefitinib and erlotinib. T790M is of great significance because osimertinib shows a good prognosis in patients with T790M mutation. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021257824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chou-Chin Lan,
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5
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Cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA Overcomes Acquired EGFR-TKI Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122940. [PMID: 35740609 PMCID: PMC9221089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the first discovery of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), they have become the gold standard treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. However, the inevitable acquisition of secondary TKI resistance after treatment with TKIs remains an unresolved issue. Here, we evaluated the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, Akt, IL-6, Jak2, and Stat3 by EGFR-TKI-resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), and found that NF-κB and AICDA are major players in the acquired resistance of lung cancer to TKIs. Therefore, treatment with an EGFR-TKI plus cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA may be a promising strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in LACs. Abstract Background: Acquired resistance after EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is the rule rather than the exception. Overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKIs is essential if we are to develop better therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients. Here, we examine the effector signaling pathways underlying TKI resistance and propose targets to overcome the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) to TKI. Methods: We compared the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, Akt, IL-6, Jak2, and Stat3 by EGFR-TKI-resistant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive LAC cell lines, and by LAC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs; we then evaluated links between expression and treatment responses. We also examined the therapeutic effects of NF-κB and AICDA inhibition in EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs. Results: NF-κB and AICDA were more expressed by EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs than by EGFR-TKI-sensitive LACs. EGFR-TKIs induced a dose-dependent increase in the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, and IL-6. Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the expression of AICDA, Akt, and IL-6 in EGFR-TKI-resistant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive LACs, whereas knockdown of AICDA suppressed the expression of NF-κB and Akt in both cell types. Treating EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs with an EGFR-TKI, alongside cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA, had a significant therapeutic effect. Conclusion: Treatment with an EGFR-TKI plus cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA may be a promising strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in LACs.
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Ntzifa A, Londra D, Rampias T, Kotsakis A, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. DNA Methylation Analysis in Plasma Cell-Free DNA and Paired CTCs of NSCLC Patients before and after Osimertinib Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235974. [PMID: 34885084 PMCID: PMC8656722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib has been an effective second-line treatment in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients; however, resistance inevitably occurs. DNA methylation has been previously implicated in NSCLC progression and often in therapy resistance, however its distinct role in osimertinib resistance is not elucidated as yet. In the present study, we directly compared DNA methylation of nine selected genes (RASSF1A, RASSF10, APC, WIF-1, BRMS1, SLFN11, RARβ, SHISA3, and FOXA1) in plasma-cfDNA and paired CTCs of NSCLC patients who were longitudinally monitored during osimertinib treatment. Peripheral blood (PB) from 42 NSCLC patients was obtained at two time points: (a) baseline: before treatment with osimertinib and (b) at progression of disease (PD). DNA methylation of the selected genes was detected in plasma-cfDNA (n = 80) and in paired CTCs (n = 74). Direct comparison of DNA methylation of six genes between plasma-cfDNA and paired CTC samples (n = 70) revealed a low concordance, indicating that CTCs and cfDNA give complementary information. DNA methylation analysis of plasma-cfDNA and CTCs indicated that when at least one of these genes was methylated there was a statistically significant increase at PD compared to baseline (p = 0.031). For the first time, DNA methylation analysis in plasma-cfDNA and paired CTCs of NSCLC patients during osimertinib therapy indicated that DNA methylation of these genes could be a possible resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Ntzifa
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Dora Londra
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), 11471 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.N.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4311
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7
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Ai X, Wang Y. [Research Progress of Epigenetic Mechanism in Acquired Resistance of
Targeted Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:705-713. [PMID: 34696542 PMCID: PMC8560982 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
驱动基因阳性的非小细胞肺癌患者能从靶向治疗中获益,但最终都不可避免地出现获得性耐药。表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA调控、染色质重塑等,是非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗获得性耐药的重要机制。近年来,已有研究发现表观遗传修饰的改变可以有效逆转耐药性,靶向治疗联合表观调控可能成为有前景的治疗策略。本文就非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗获得性耐药后表观遗传机制的进展进行了综述,希望为筛选优势人群、克服靶向耐药提供参考和思路。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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8
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Genomic instability as a major mechanism for acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:82-89. [PMID: 34319535 PMCID: PMC8783936 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Li F, Deng L, Jackson KR, Talukder AH, Katailiha AS, Bradley SD, Zou Q, Chen C, Huo C, Chiu Y, Stair M, Feng W, Bagaev A, Kotlov N, Svekolkin V, Ataullakhanov R, Miheecheva N, Frenkel F, Wang Y, Zhang M, Hawke D, Han L, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Decker WK, Sonnemann HM, Roszik J, Forget MA, Davies MA, Bernatchez C, Yee C, Bassett R, Hwu P, Du X, Lizee G. Neoantigen vaccination induces clinical and immunologic responses in non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002531. [PMID: 34244308 PMCID: PMC8268925 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoantigen (NeoAg) peptides displayed at the tumor cell surface by human leukocyte antigen molecules show exquisite tumor specificity and can elicit T cell mediated tumor rejection. However, few NeoAgs are predicted to be shared between patients, and none to date have demonstrated therapeutic value in the context of vaccination. Methods We report here a phase I trial of personalized NeoAg peptide vaccination (PPV) of 24 stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had previously progressed following multiple conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Primary endpoints of the trial evaluated feasibility, tolerability, and safety of the personalized vaccination approach, and secondary trial endpoints assessed tumor-specific immune reactivity and clinical responses. Of the 16 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, nine continued TKI therapy concurrent with PPV and seven patients received PPV alone. Results Out of 29 patients enrolled in the trial, 24 were immunized with personalized NeoAg peptides. Aside from transient rash, fatigue and/or fever observed in three patients, no other treatment-related adverse events were observed. Median progression-free survival and overall survival of the 24 vaccinated patients were 6.0 and 8.9 months, respectively. Within 3–4 months following initiation of PPV, seven RECIST-based objective clinical responses including one complete response were observed. Notably, all seven clinical responders had EGFR-mutated tumors, including four patients that had continued TKI therapy concurrently with PPV. Immune monitoring showed that five of the seven responding patients demonstrated vaccine-induced T cell responses against EGFR NeoAg peptides. Furthermore, two highly shared EGFR mutations (L858R and T790M) were shown to be immunogenic in four of the responding patients, all of whom demonstrated increases in peripheral blood neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell frequencies during the course of PPV. Conclusions These results show that personalized NeoAg vaccination is feasible and safe for advanced-stage NSCLC patients. The clinical and immune responses observed following PPV suggest that EGFR mutations constitute shared, immunogenic neoantigens with promising immunotherapeutic potential for large subsets of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, PPV with concurrent EGFR inhibitor therapy was well tolerated and may have contributed to the induction of PPV-induced T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenge Li
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ligang Deng
- Tianjin HengJia Biotechnology Development Co Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Kyle R Jackson
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amjad H Talukder
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arjun S Katailiha
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sherille D Bradley
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingwei Zou
- Tianjin HengJia Biotechnology Development Co Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Tianjin HengJia Biotechnology Development Co Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Huo
- Tianjin HengJia Biotechnology Development Co Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulun Chiu
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Stair
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Weihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaling Wang
- Tianjin HengJia Biotechnology Development Co Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Biological Sample Resource Sharing Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather M Sonnemann
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andree Forget
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Bassett
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xueming Du
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gregory Lizee
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA .,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Filipska M, Rosell R. Mutated circulating tumor DNA as a liquid biopsy in lung cancer detection and treatment. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1667-1682. [PMID: 33969622 PMCID: PMC8169447 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, substantial developments have been made in the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments released into the circulation from tumor cells and displaying the genetic alterations of those cells. As such, ctDNA detected in liquid biopsies serves as a powerful tool for cancer patient stratification, therapy guidance, detection of resistance, and relapse monitoring. In this Review, we describe lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring strategies using ctDNA detection technologies and compile recent evidence regarding lung cancer-related mutation detection in liquid biopsy. We focus not only on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations, but also on significant co-mutations that shed more light on novel ctDNA-based liquid biopsy applications. Finally, we discuss future perspectives of early-cancer detection and clonal hematopoiesis filtering strategies, with possible inclusion of microbiome-driven liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Filipska
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and HospitalBadalonaSpain
- Autonomous University of BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallesSpain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and HospitalBadalonaSpain
- Autonomous University of BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallesSpain
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11
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Kinoshita K, Uemura M, Shimizu T, Kinoshita S, Marusawa H. Stepwise generation of AID knock-in and conditional knockout mice from a single gene-targeting event. Int Immunol 2021; 33:387-398. [PMID: 33903914 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) encoded by the Aicda gene initiates class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. In addition to this function, AID is also implicated in the epigenetic regulation in pluripotent stem cells and in the oncogenesis of lymphoid and non-lymphoid origins. To examine AID's role in specific cell types, we developed mouse strains of conditional knockout (Aicda-FL) and knock-in with a red fluorescent protein gene (RFP) inserted into the Aicda locus (Aicda-RFP). These two strains were obtained from a single targeting event in embryonic stem cells by a three-loxP or tri-lox strategy. Partial and complete recombination among the three loxP sites in the Aicda-RFP locus gave rise to Aicda-FL and AID-deficient loci (Aicda-KO), respectively, after mating Aicda-RFP mice with Cre-expressing mice driven by tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphate promoter. We confirmed RFP expression in B cells of germinal centers of intestine-associated lymphoid tissue. Mice homozygous for each allele were obtained and were checked for AID activity by class-switch and hypermutation assays. AID activity was normal for Aicda-FL but partially and completely absent for Aicda-RFP and Aicda-KO, respectively. Aicda-FL and Aicda-RFP mice would be useful for studying AID function in subpopulations of B cells and in non-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kinoshita
- Evolutionary Medicine, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan.,Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama 524-0022, Japan
| | - Munehiro Uemura
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama 524-0022, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Kinoshita
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Denis MG, Bennouna J. Osimertinib for Front-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients: Efficacy, Acquired Resistance and Perspectives for Subsequent Treatments. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12593-12602. [PMID: 33324104 PMCID: PMC7733376 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s218751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most efficient models for precision medicine in oncology. The most appropriate therapeutic for the patient is chosen according to the molecular characteristics of the tumor, schematically distributed between immunogenicity and oncogenic addiction. For this last concept, advanced NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is one of the most illustrative models. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the therapeutic backbone for this type of tumor. The recent development of a third-generation TKI, osimertinib, has been a new step forward in the treatment of NSCLC patients. In this article, we first review the clinical development of osimertinib and highlight its efficacy results. We then present the most frequent tumor escape mechanisms when osimertinib is prescribed in first line: off-target (MET amplification, HER2 amplification, BRAF mutation, gene fusions, histologic transformation) and on-target mechanisms (EGFR mutation). Finally, we discuss subsequent biomarker-driven treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Denis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,INSERM U1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- INSERM U1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Thoracic Oncology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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13
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Wu SG, Chiang CL, Liu CY, Wang CC, Su PL, Hsia TC, Shih JY, Chang GC. An Observational Study of Acquired EGFR T790M-Dependent Resistance to EGFR-TKI Treatment in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients in Taiwan. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1481. [PMID: 33014788 PMCID: PMC7498675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Taiwan, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are served as first-line therapy for non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR sensitizing mutations. However, the majority of patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKIs, progress through acquiring EGFR T790M mutations (T790M), which is the most common resistant mechanism. Patients with T790M gain the opportunity of subsequent treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prior EGFR-TKI therapy and incidence of acquired T790M resistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients who have progressed on first/second-generation EGFR-TKI therapy. This retrospective study included lung adenocarcinoma patients who had a radiographically-confirmed progressive disease under EGFR-TKI treatment and had re-biopsy samples for T790M testing from seven medical centers in Taiwan from June 2013 to December 2018. Patients harboring de novo T790M or using more than one EGFR-TKI were excluded. Of the 407 patients enrolled, the overall T790M acquisition rate was 52.8%. The patients treated with gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib had a statistically significant difference in the T790M rates (59.9, 45.5, and 52.7%, respectively; p = 0.037) after disease progression. Patients with common baseline EGFR mutations (Del-19 and L858R) (p = 0.005) and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs (p < 0.001) had higher chances of T790M acquisition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that patients with common baseline EGFR mutations, gefitinib (compared to erlotinib) administration, and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs had higher T790M incidence. There was no significant difference in the incidence of acquired T790M between different re-biopsy tissue samples or complications. In conclusion, this study showed that patients who progressed from gefitinib treatment, bearing common EGFR mutations, and with longer EGFR-TKI treatment duration had increased incidence of T790M acquisition and, therefore, were suitable for subsequent osimertinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Gin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lu Chiang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lan Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Mechanisms of drug resistance mediated by long non-coding RNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:175-187. [PMID: 32843741 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer and has a poor five-year survival rate of 15%. Chemotherapy and targeted therapies have significantly improved patients' prognosis. Nevertheless, after a successful initial response, some patients relapse when cancer cells become resistant to drug treatments, representing an important clinical limitation. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms of drug resistance is of significant importance. Recently, considerable attention has been given to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a heterogeneous class of regulatory molecules that play essential roles in tumorigenesis by modulating genes and signalling pathways involved in cell growth, metastasis and drug response. In this article, we review recent research findings on the role of lncRNAs in drug resistance in NSCLC, highlighting their mechanisms of action.
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15
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Wagener-Ryczek S, Heydt C, Süptitz J, Michels S, Falk M, Alidousty C, Fassunke J, Ihle MA, Tiemann M, Heukamp L, Wolf J, Büttner R, Merkelbach-Bruse S. Mutational spectrum of acquired resistance to reversible versus irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:408. [PMID: 32397977 PMCID: PMC7216404 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past years, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) revolutionized treatment response. 1st-generation (reversible) EGFR TKI and later the 2nd –generation irreversible EGFR TKI Afatinib were aimed to improve treatment response. Nevertheless, diverse resistance mechanisms develop within the first year of therapy. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of acquired resistance mechanisms towards reversible and irreversible EGFR TKI. Methods Rebiopsies of patients after progression to EGFR TKI therapy (> 6 months) were targeted to histological and molecular analysis. Multiplexed targeted sequencing (NGS) was conducted to identify acquired resistance mutations (e.g. EGFR p.T790M). Further, Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was applied to investigate the status of bypass mechanisms like, MET or HER2 amplification. Results One hundred twenty-three rebiopsy samples of patients that underwent first-line EGFR TKI therapy (PFS ≥6 months) were histologically and molecularly profiled upon clinical progression. The EGFR p.T790M mutation is the major mechanism of acquired resistance in patients treated with reversible as well as irreversible EGFR TKI. Nevertheless a statistically significant difference for the acquisition of T790M mutation has been identified: 45% of afatinib- vs 65% of reversible EGFR TKI treated patients developed a T790M mutation (p-value 0.02). Progression free survival (PFS) was comparable in patients treated with irreversible EGFR irrespective of the sensitising primary mutation or the acquisition of p.T790M. Conclusions The EGFR p.T790M mutation is the most prominent mechanism of resistance to reversible and irreversible EGFR TKI therapy. Nevertheless there is a statistically significant difference of p.T790M acquisition between the two types of TKI, which might be of importance for clinical therapy decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wagener-Ryczek
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Carina Heydt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Süptitz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Michels
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Falk
- Insitute for Haematopathology, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Alidousty
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Fassunke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Angelika Ihle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Tiemann
- Insitute for Haematopathology, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- Insitute for Haematopathology, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,NEO New Oncology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Molina-Vila MA, Stahel RA, Dafni U, Jordana-Ariza N, Balada-Bel A, Garzón-Ibáñez M, García-Peláez B, Mayo-de-las-Casas C, Felip E, Curioni Fontecedro A, Gautschi O, Peters S, Massutí B, Palmero R, Ponce Aix S, Carcereny E, Früh M, Pless M, Popat S, Cuffe S, Bidoli P, Kammler R, Roschitzki-Voser H, Tsourti Z, Karachaliou N, Rosell R. Evolution and Clinical Impact of EGFR Mutations in Circulating Free DNA in the BELIEF Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:416-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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19
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Suda K. Targeting the reversible drug-tolerant state: aurora kinase A, is that the final answer? Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:S564-S568. [PMID: 35117132 PMCID: PMC8797747 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.05.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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20
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Zhang D, Han LL, Du F, Liu XM, Li J, Wang HH, Song MH, Li Z, Li GY. FGFR1 Induces Acquired Resistance Against Gefitinib By Activating AKT/mTOR Pathway In NSCLC. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9809-9816. [PMID: 31819480 PMCID: PMC6874148 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As an epidermal growth factor, receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), gefitinib demonstrates a good therapeutic effect in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, an overwhelming majority of these patients inevitably develop resistance against gefitinib. Unfortunately, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still not fully understood. Here we aim to reveal the mechanism of gefitinib resistance in NSCLC induced by FGFR1. Materials and methods We used high-throughput sequencing to compare the mRNA expression profiles of PC9 and PC9-GR (gefitinib-resistant) cells. The clinical significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in NSCLC was also investigated using immunohistochemistry and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Finally, the in vitro molecular mechanisms were analyzed using confocal laser microscopy, Western blotting, transwell assay, colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis assay. Results We observed that FGFR1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and was closely associated with poor prognosis. Cytological experiments showed that FGFR1 promoted the proliferation and migration of PC9-GR cells and mediated their resistance to gefitinib. Furthermore, studies aimed at unraveling this mechanism revealed that FGFR1 activated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings show that the FGFR1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a vital role in acquired resistance against gefitinib in NSCLC. Conclusion This work provides new evidence that FGFR1 functions as a key regulator of gefitinib resistance, thereby demonstrating its potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Han
- Department of Respiratory, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Nursing, Hanzhong Vocational Technical College, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hui Song
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yin Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhou W, Sun G, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Xu L, Yuan H, Li S, Dong Z, Song Y, Fang X. Proteasome-Independent Protein Knockdown by Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the Undruggable Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18492-18499. [PMID: 31657561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic target identification and corresponding drug development is a demanding task for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, especially the most malignant proximal-proliferative subtype without druggable protein kinase mutations. Using a cell-SELEX-generated aptamer, we discovered a new tumor driver protein, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC), which is specifically overexpressed in the most lethal subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Targeted LRPPRC protein knockdown is a promising therapeutic strategy for the undruggable LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma). Nevertheless, LRPPRC is mainly located in mitochondria and degraded by protease. Current protein knockdown approaches, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have limitations in their applications to the proteins degraded through proteasome-independent ways. Here, we designed an aptamer-assisted high-throughput method to screen small molecules that could bind to LRPPRC directly, disrupt the interaction of LRPPRC with its stabilizing chaperon protein, and lead to LRPPRC degradation by mitochondrial protease. The screened compound, gossypolacetic acid (GAA), is an old medicine that can accomplish the new function for targeted LRPPRC knockdown. It showed significant antitumor effects even with the LRPPRC-positive patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. This work not only extended the application of aptamers to screen small-molecule inhibitors for the undruggable lung cancers, but more importantly provided a new strategy to develop protein knockdown methods beyond the proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guogui Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology , North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated People's Hospital , Tangshan 063000 , China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Shumu Li
- Graduate School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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22
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Khrustalev VV, Khrustaleva TA, Stojarov AN, Sharma N, Bhaskar B, Giri R. The history of mutational pressure changes during the evolution of adeno-associated viruses: A message to gene therapy and DNA-vaccine vectors designers. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104100. [PMID: 31678645 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of virus-associated vectors for gene therapy and vaccination have emerged as safe and effective delivery system. Like all other genetic materials, these vehicles are also prone to spontaneous mutations. To understand what types of nucleotide mutations are expected in the vector, one needs to know distinct characteristics of mutational process in the corresponding virus. In this study we analyzed mutational pressure directions along the length of the genomes of all types of primate adeno-associated viruses (AAV) that are frequently used in gene therapy or DNA-vaccines. We observed clear evidences of transcription-associated mutational pressure in AAV: nucleotide usage biases are changing drastically after each of the three promoters: the higher the rate of transcription, the stronger the bias towards GC to AT mutations. Moreover, the usage of G decreased at the lower transcription rate (after P19 promoter) than the usage of C (after P40 promoter). Since nucleotide usage biases are retrospective indices, we created a scenario of changes in transcriptional map during the AAV evolution. Current mutational pressure directions are different for AAV types, while all of them demonstrate high rates of T to C transitions in the second long ORF. Since transcription rate and cell tropism are the main factors determining the preferable direction of nucleotide mutations in AAV, mutational pressure should be checked experimentally in DNA vectors before their final design with the aim to make the transferred gene more stable against those mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Aleksandrovna Khrustaleva
- Biochemical Group of Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Nitin Sharma
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Bhaskar Bhaskar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, 175005, India
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23
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Terlizzi M, Colarusso C, Pinto A, Sorrentino R. Drug resistance in non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC): Impact of genetic and non-genetic alterations on therapeutic regimen and responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Karachaliou N, Codony-Servat J, Bracht JWP, Ito M, Filipska M, Pedraz C, Chaib I, Bertran-Alamillo J, Cardona AF, Molina MA, Rosell R. Characterising acquired resistance to erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1019-1028. [PMID: 31411906 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1656068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The therapy of patients with lung adenocarcinoma has significantly changed after the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. EGFR mutations occur in 10-15% of Caucasian lung cancer patients and are associated with favorable outcome to orally administered EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), like erlotinib. However, as soon as the tumor cells are under the pressure of the specific inhibitor, compensatory signaling pathways are activated and resistance emerges. Areas covered: In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of resistance to the first-generation EGFR TKI, erlotinib, and will mainly summarize the findings throughout the last 10 years in the field of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Expert opinion: Widespread research has been performed and several mechanisms of resistance to EGFR TKIs, especially first- and second-generation, have been identified. Still, no adequate combinatory therapies have received regulatory approval for the treatment of EGFR-mutant patients at the time of resistance. The third-generation EGFR TKI, osimertinib has been approved for patients whose tumor has become resistant through the secondary T790M resistant EGFR mutation. The identification of the mechanisms of resistance and the application of the adequate therapy to each patient is still an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Karachaliou
- Global Clinical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jordi Codony-Servat
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Masaoki Ito
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Martyna Filipska
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain
| | - Carlos Pedraz
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain
| | - Imane Chaib
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain
| | - Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Andres Felipe Cardona
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clinica del Country , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Miguel Angel Molina
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain.,Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain.,Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quiron-Dexeus University Institute , Barcelona , Spain.,Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain
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25
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Ward NP, DeNicola GM. Sulfur metabolism and its contribution to malignancy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:39-103. [PMID: 31451216 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is an appreciated hallmark of cancer and a target for therapeutic intervention. Cellular metabolism involves a series of oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions that yield the energy and biomass required for tumor growth. Cells require diverse molecular species with constituent sulfur atoms to facilitate these processes. For humans, this sulfur is derived from the dietary consumption of the proteinogenic amino acids cysteine and methionine, as only lower organisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and plants) can synthesize them de novo. In addition to providing the sulfur required to sustain redox chemistry, the metabolism of these sulfur-containing amino acids yield intermediate metabolites that constitute the cellular antioxidant system, mediate inter- and intracellular signaling, and facilitate the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, all of which contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Ward
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.
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26
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Kannan S, Fox SJ, Verma CS. Exploring Gatekeeper Mutations in EGFR through Computer Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2850-2858. [PMID: 31099565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance against drugs that inhibit a particular protein is a major problem in targeted therapy. There is a clear need for rigorous methods to predict the likelihood of specific drug-resistance mutations arising in response to the binding of a drug. In this work we attempt to develop a robust computational protocol for predicting drug resistant mutations at the gatekeeper position (T790) in EGFR. We explore how mutations at this site affects interactions with ATP and three drugs that are currently used in clinics. We found, as expected, that certain mutations are not tolerated structurally, while some other mutations interfere with the natural substrate and hence are unlikely to be selected for. However, we found five possible mutations that are well tolerated structurally and energetically. Two of these mutations were predicted to have increased affinity for the drugs over ATP, as has been reported earlier. By reproducing the trends in the experimental binding affinities of the data, the methods chosen here are able to correctly predict the effects of these mutations on the binding affinities of the drugs. However, the increased affinity does not always translate into increased efficacy, because the efficacy is affected by several other factors such as binding kinetics, competition with ATP, and residence times. The computational methods used in the current study are able to reproduce or predict the effects of mutations on the binding affinities. However, a different set of methods is required to predict the kinetics of drug binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute , Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street , #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - Stephen J Fox
- Bioinformatics Institute , Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street , #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute , Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street , #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551 , Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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