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Kim J, Lee J, Choi S, Lee H, Yang J, Jeon H, Sung M, Kim WJ, Kim C. 3D Multiparametric Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of Primary and Metastatic Tumors in Living Mice. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18176-18190. [PMID: 38941553 PMCID: PMC11256897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), an emerging imaging modality in preclinical cancer research, can provide multiparametric 3D information about structures, physiological functions, and pharmacokinetics. Here, we demonstrate the use of high-definition 3D multiparametric PACT imaging of both primary and metastatic tumors in living mice to noninvasively monitor angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, hypoxia, and pharmacokinetics. The high-definition PACT system with a 1024-element hemispherical ultrasound transducer array provides an isotropic spatial resolution of 380 μm, an effective volumetric field-of-view of 12.8 mm × 12.8 mm × 12.8 mm without scanning, and an acquisition time of <30 s for a whole mouse body. Initially, we monitor the structural progression of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., angiogenesis and vessel tortuosity) after tumor cell inoculation. Then, we analyze the change in oxygen saturation of the tumor during carcinogenesis, verifying induced hypoxia in the tumor's core region. Finally, the whole-body pharmacokinetics are photoacoustically imaged after intravenous injection of micelle-loaded IR780 dye, and the in vivo PACT results are validated in vivo and ex vivo by fluorescence imaging. By employing the premium PACT system and applying multiparametric analyses to subcutaneous primary tumors and metastatic liver tumors, we demonstrate that this PACT system can provide multiparametric analyses for comprehensive cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwook Choi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinge Yang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseo Jeon
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Sung
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation
Center, Pohang University of Science and
Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Ozcan BB, Wanniarachchi H, Mason RP, Dogan BE. Current status of optoacoustic breast imaging and future trends in clinical application: is it ready for prime time? Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10600-2. [PMID: 38308678 PMCID: PMC11297194 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) is an emerging field with increasing applications in patients and exploratory clinical trials for breast cancer. Optoacoustic imaging (or photoacoustic imaging) employs non-ionizing, laser light to create thermoelastic expansion in tissues and detect the resulting ultrasonic emission. By combining high optical contrast capabilities with the high spatial resolution and anatomic detail of grayscale ultrasound, OAI offers unique opportunities for visualizing biological function of tissues in vivo. Over the past decade, human breast applications of OAI, including benign/malignant mass differentiation, distinguishing cancer molecular subtype, and predicting metastatic potential, have significantly increased. We discuss the current state of optoacoustic breast imaging, as well as future opportunities and clinical application trends. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Optoacoustic imaging is a novel breast imaging technique that enables the assessment of breast cancer lesions and tumor biology without the risk of ionizing radiation exposure, intravenous contrast, or radionuclide injection. KEY POINTS: • Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) is a safe, non-invasive imaging technique with thriving research and high potential clinical impact. • OAI has been considered a complementary tool to current standard breast imaging techniques. • OAI combines parametric maps of molecules that absorb light and scatter acoustic waves (like hemoglobin, melanin, lipids, and water) with anatomical images, facilitating scalable and real-time molecular evaluation of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bersu Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard MC 8896, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA.
| | - Hashini Wanniarachchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard MC 8896, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard MC 8896, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
| | - Basak E Dogan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard MC 8896, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA
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3
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Juhong A, Li B, Liu Y, Yao CY, Yang CW, Agnew DW, Lei YL, Luker GD, Bumpers H, Huang X, Piyawattanametha W, Qiu Z. Recurrent and convolutional neural networks for sequential multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300142. [PMID: 37382181 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a beneficial technique for diagnosing and analyzing biological samples since it provides meticulous details in anatomy and physiology. However, acquiring high through-plane resolution volumetric MSOT is time-consuming. Here, we propose a deep learning model based on hybrid recurrent and convolutional neural networks to generate sequential cross-sectional images for an MSOT system. This system provides three modalities (MSOT, ultrasound, and optoacoustic imaging of a specific exogenous contrast agent) in a single scan. This study used ICG-conjugated nanoworms particles (NWs-ICG) as the contrast agent. Instead of acquiring seven images with a step size of 0.1 mm, we can receive two images with a step size of 0.6 mm as input for the proposed deep learning model. The deep learning model can generate five other images with a step size of 0.1 mm between these two input images meaning we can reduce acquisition time by approximately 71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniwat Juhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheng-You Yao
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Yang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Harvey Bumpers
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Wibool Piyawattanametha
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Chen Z, Gezginer I, Augath MA, Ren W, Liu YH, Ni R, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Hybrid magnetic resonance and optoacoustic tomography (MROT) for preclinical neuroimaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:332. [PMID: 36418860 PMCID: PMC9684112 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modal imaging is essential for advancing our understanding of brain function and unraveling pathophysiological processes underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders. Magnetic resonance (MR) and optoacoustic (OA) imaging have been shown to provide highly complementary contrasts and capabilities for preclinical neuroimaging. True integration between these modalities can thus offer unprecedented capabilities for studying the rodent brain in action. We report on a hybrid magnetic resonance and optoacoustic tomography (MROT) system for concurrent noninvasive structural and functional imaging of the mouse brain. Volumetric OA tomography was designed as an insert into a high-field MR scanner by integrating a customized MR-compatible spherical transducer array, an illumination module, and a dedicated radiofrequency coil. A tailored data processing pipeline has been developed to mitigate signal crosstalk and accurately register image volumes acquired with T1-weighted, angiography, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) sequences onto the corresponding vascular and oxygenation data recorded with the OA modality. We demonstrate the concurrent acquisition of dual-mode anatomical and angiographic brain images with the scanner, as well as real-time functional readings of multiple hemodynamic parameters from animals subjected to oxygenation stress. Our approach combines the functional and molecular imaging advantages of OA with the superb soft-tissue contrast of MR, further providing an excellent platform for cross-validation of functional readings by the two modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irmak Gezginer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark-Aurel Augath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wuwei Ren
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Akhmedzhanova KG, Kurnikov AA, Khochenkov DA, Khochenkova YA, Glyavina AM, Kazakov VV, Yudintsev AV, Maslennikova AV, Turchin IV, Subochev PV, Orlova AG. In vivo monitoring of vascularization and oxygenation of tumor xenografts using optoacoustic microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5695-5708. [PMID: 36733761 PMCID: PMC9872889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.469380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The research is devoted to comparison of the blood vessel structure and the oxygen state of three xenografts: SN-12C, HCT-116 and Colo320. Differences in the vessel formation and the level of oxygenation are revealed by optoacoustic (OA) microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) respectively. The Colo320 tumor is characterized by the highest values of vessel size and fraction. DOS showed increased content of deoxyhemoglobin that led to reduction of saturation level for Colo320 as compared to other tumors. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for CD31 demonstrates the higher number of vessels in Colo320. The IHC for hypoxia was consistent with DOS results and revealed higher values of the relative hypoxic fraction in Colo320.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Akhmedzhanova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. A. Kurnikov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - D. A. Khochenkov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Yu. A. Khochenkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. M. Glyavina
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. V. Kazakov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. V. Yudintsev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. V. Maslennikova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I. V. Turchin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - P. V. Subochev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. G. Orlova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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6
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Vonk J, Kukačka J, Steinkamp P, de Wit J, Voskuil F, Hooghiemstra W, Bader M, Jüstel D, Ntziachristos V, van Dam G, Witjes M. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography for in vivo detection of lymph node metastases in oral cancer patients using an EGFR-targeted contrast agent and intrinsic tissue contrast: A proof-of-concept study. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100362. [PMID: 35541024 PMCID: PMC9079001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer patients undergo diagnostic surgeries to detect occult lymph node metastases missed by preoperative structural imaging techniques. Reducing these invasive procedures that are associated with considerable morbidity, requires better preoperative detection. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a rapidly evolving imaging technique that may improve preoperative detection of (early-stage) lymph node metastases, enabling the identification of molecular changes that often precede structural changes in tumorigenesis. Here, we characterize the optoacoustic properties of cetuximab-800CW, a tumor-specific fluorescent tracer showing several photophysical properties that benefit optoacoustic signal generation. In this first clinical proof-of-concept study, we explore its use as optoacoustic to differentiate between malignant and benign lymph nodes. We characterize the appearance of malignant lymph nodes and show differences in the distribution of intrinsic chromophores compared to benign lymph nodes. In addition, we suggest several approaches to improve the efficiency of follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vonk
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. Kukačka
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P.J. Steinkamp
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.G. de Wit
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F.J. Voskuil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - W.T.R. Hooghiemstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. Bader
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D. Jüstel
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - V. Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - G.M. van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- AxelaRx / TRACER B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M.J.H. Witjes
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Quiros-Gonzalez I, Tomaszewski MR, Golinska MA, Brown E, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Hacker L, Couturier DL, Sainz RM, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic Tomography Detects Response and Resistance to Bevacizumab in Breast Cancer Mouse Models. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1658-1668. [PMID: 35404400 PMCID: PMC9359720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an established prognostic factor in advanced breast cancer, yet response to antiangiogenic therapies in this disease remains highly variable. Noninvasive imaging biomarkers could help identify patients that will benefit from antiangiogenic therapy and provide an ideal tool for longitudinal monitoring, enabling dosing regimens to be altered with real-time feedback. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging imaging modality that provides a direct readout of tumor hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. We hypothesized that PAT could be used in the longitudinal setting to provide an early indication of response or resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. To test this hypothesis, PAT was performed over time in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse models undergoing treatment with the antiangiogenic bevacizumab as a single agent. The cohort of treated tumors, which were mostly resistant to the treatment, contained a subset that demonstrated a clear survival benefit. At endpoint, the PAT data from the responding subset showed significantly lower oxygenation and higher hemoglobin content compared with both resistant and control tumors. Longitudinal analysis revealed that tumor oxygenation diverged significantly in the responding subset, identifying early treatment response and the evolution of different vascular phenotypes between the subsets. Responding tumors were characterized by a more angiogenic phenotype when analyzed with IHC, displaying higher vessel density, yet poorer vascular maturity and elevated hypoxia. Taken together, our findings indicate that PAT shows promise in providing an early indication of response or resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic assessment of tumor oxygenation is a noninvasive early indicator of response to bevacizumab therapy, clearly distinguishing between control, responding, and resistant tumors within just a few weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R. Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika A. Golinska
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique-Laurent Couturier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M. Sainz
- Cell Morphology and Biology Department, IUOPA and ISPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Lefebvre TL, Brown E, Hacker L, Else T, Oraiopoulou ME, Tomaszewski MR, Jena R, Bohndiek SE. The Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging in Radiation Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803777. [PMID: 35311156 PMCID: PMC8928467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recognized globally as a mainstay of treatment in most solid tumors and is essential in both curative and palliative settings. Ionizing radiation is frequently combined with surgery, either preoperatively or postoperatively, and with systemic chemotherapy. Recent advances in imaging have enabled precise targeting of solid lesions yet substantial intratumoral heterogeneity means that treatment planning and monitoring remains a clinical challenge as therapy response can take weeks to manifest on conventional imaging and early indications of progression can be misleading. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality for molecular imaging of cancer, enabling non-invasive assessment of endogenous tissue chromophores with optical contrast at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Preclinical studies in mouse models have shown that PAI could be used to assess response to radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy based on changes in the tumor vascular architecture and blood oxygen saturation, which are closely linked to tumor hypoxia. Given the strong relationship between hypoxia and radio-resistance, PAI assessment of the tumor microenvironment has the potential to be applied longitudinally during radiotherapy to detect resistance at much earlier time-points than currently achieved by size measurements and tailor treatments based on tumor oxygen availability and vascular heterogeneity. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in PAI in the context of radiotherapy research. Based on these studies, we identify promising applications of PAI in radiation oncology and discuss the future potential and outstanding challenges in the development of translational PAI biomarkers of early response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry L. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Else
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R. Tomaszewski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rajesh Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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A scalable open-source MATLAB toolbox for reconstruction and analysis of multispectral optoacoustic tomography data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19872. [PMID: 34615891 PMCID: PMC8494751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispectral photoacoustic tomography enables the resolution of spectral components of a tissue or sample at high spatiotemporal resolution. With the availability of commercial instruments, the acquisition of data using this modality has become consistent and standardized. However, the analysis of such data is often hampered by opaque processing algorithms, which are challenging to verify and validate from a user perspective. Furthermore, such tools are inflexible, often locking users into a restricted set of processing motifs, which may not be able to accommodate the demands of diverse experiments. To address these needs, we have developed a Reconstruction, Analysis, and Filtering Toolbox to support the analysis of photoacoustic imaging data. The toolbox includes several algorithms to improve the overall quantification of photoacoustic imaging, including non-negative constraints and multispectral filters. We demonstrate various use cases, including dynamic imaging challenges and quantification of drug effect, and describe the ability of the toolbox to be parallelized on a high performance computing cluster.
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Guo Y, Wang H, Gerberich JL, Odutola SO, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Li M, Tanpure RP, Tidmore JK, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP, Liu L. Imaging-Guided Evaluation of the Novel Small-Molecule Benzosuberene Tubulin-Binding Agent KGP265 as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194769. [PMID: 34638255 PMCID: PMC8507561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vascular-disrupting agents promise significant therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors by selectively damaging tumor-associated vasculature. Dynamic BLI and oxygen-enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following administration of KGP265. BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused a significant growth delay in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T1 syngeneic breast tumors growing orthotopically in mice. Abstract The selective disruption of tumor-associated vasculature represents an attractive therapeutic approach. We have undertaken the first in vivo evaluation of KGP265, a water-soluble prodrug of a benzosuberene-based tubulin-binding agent, and found promising vascular-disrupting activity in three distinct tumor types. Dose escalation in orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc breast tumor xenografts in mice indicated that higher doses produced more effective vascular shutdown, as revealed by dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In syngeneic orthotopic 4T1-luc breast and RENCA-luc kidney tumors, dynamic BLI and oxygen enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following the administration of KGP265 (7.5 mg/kg). The BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h, indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. A correlative histology confirmed increased necrosis and hemorrhage. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused significant growth delay in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 breast tumors, with no obvious systemic toxicity. A combination with carboplatin produced significantly greater tumor growth delay than carboplatin alone, though significant carboplatin-associated toxicity was observed (whole-body weight loss). KGP265 was found to be effective at low concentrations, generating long-term vascular shutdown and tumor growth delay, thus providing strong rationale for further development, particularly in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Samuel O. Odutola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Amanda K. Charlton-Sevcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Maoping Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
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Liapis E, Karlas A, Klemm U, Ntziachristos V. Chemotherapeutic effects on breast tumor hemodynamics revealed by eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT). Theranostics 2021; 11:7813-7828. [PMID: 34335966 PMCID: PMC8315054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic tumor responses to chemotherapy could provide unique insights into the development of therapeutic resistance and inform therapeutic decision-making in the clinic. Methods: Here, we examined the longitudinal and dynamic effects of the common chemotherapeutic drug Taxotere on breast tumor (KPL-4) blood volume and oxygen saturation using eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) imaging over a period of 41 days. Tumor vascular function was assessed by dynamic oxygen-enhanced eMSOT (OE-eMSOT). The obtained in vivo optoacoustic data were thoroughly validated by ex vivo cryoimaging and immunohistochemical staining against markers of vascularity and hypoxia. Results: We provide the first preclinical evidence that prolonged treatment with Taxotere causes a significant drop in mean whole tumor oxygenation. Furthermore, application of OE-eMSOT showed a diminished vascular response in Taxotere-treated tumors and revealed the presence of static blood pools, indicating increased vascular permeability. Conclusion: Our work has important translational implications and supports the feasibility of eMSOT imaging for non-invasive assessment of tumor microenvironmental responses to chemotherapy.
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Joseph J, Ajith Singh MK, Sato N, Bohndiek SE. Technical validation studies of a dual-wavelength LED-based photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 22:100267. [PMID: 33948434 PMCID: PMC8080074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high power, pulsed, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown potential as fast, robust and relatively inexpensive excitation sources for photoacoustic imaging (PAI), yet systematic characterization of performance for biomedical imaging is still lacking. We report here technical and biological validation studies of a commercial dual-wavelength LED-based PAI and ultrasound system. Phantoms and small animals were used to assess temporal precision. In phantom studies, we found high temporal stability of the LED-based PAI system, with no significant drift in performance observed during 6 h of operation or over 30 days of repeated measurements. In vivo dual-wavelength imaging was able to map the dynamics of changes in blood oxygenation during oxygen-enhanced imaging and reveal the kinetics of indocyanine green contrast agent inflow after intravenous administration (Tmax∼6 min). Taken together, these studies indicate that LED-based excitation could be promising for future application in functional and molecular PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Now at School of Science and Engineering, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | | | - Naoto Sato
- Research and Development Division, CYBERDYNE INC, Tsukuba, 305-0818, Japan
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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Liu L, O’Kelly D, Schuetze R, Carlson G, Zhou H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Acute Effects of Tubulin Binding Agents: A Review of Imaging Vascular Disruption in Tumors. Molecules 2021; 26:2551. [PMID: 33925707 PMCID: PMC8125421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature proliferates rapidly, generally lacks pericyte coverage, and is uniquely fragile making it an attractive therapeutic target. A subset of small-molecule tubulin binding agents cause disaggregation of the endothelial cytoskeleton leading to enhanced vascular permeability generating increased interstitial pressure. The resulting vascular collapse and ischemia cause downstream hypoxia, ultimately leading to cell death and necrosis. Thus, local damage generates massive amplification and tumor destruction. The tumor vasculature is readily accessed and potentially a common target irrespective of disease site in the body. Development of a therapeutic approach and particularly next generation agents benefits from effective non-invasive assays. Imaging technologies offer varying degrees of sophistication and ease of implementation. This review considers technological strengths and weaknesses with examples from our own laboratory. Methods reveal vascular extent and patency, as well as insights into tissue viability, proliferation and necrosis. Spatiotemporal resolution ranges from cellular microscopy to single slice tomography and full three-dimensional views of whole tumors and measurements can be sufficiently rapid to reveal acute changes or long-term outcomes. Since imaging is non-invasive, each tumor may serve as its own control making investigations particularly efficient and rigorous. The concept of tumor vascular disruption was proposed over 30 years ago and it remains an active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Devin O’Kelly
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Graham Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
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Keša P, Pokorná E, Grajciarová M, Tonar Z, Vočková P, Trochet P, Kopeček M, Jakša R, Šefc L, Klener P. Quantitative In Vivo Monitoring of Hypoxia and Vascularization of Patient-Derived Murine Xenografts of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Using Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1099-1107. [PMID: 33455807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor oxygenation and vascularization are important parameters that determine the aggressiveness of the tumor and its resistance to cancer therapies. We introduce dual-modality ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (US-PAI) for the direct, non-invasive real-time in vivo evaluation of oxygenation and vascularization of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of B-cell mantle cell lymphomas. The different optical properties of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin make it possible to determine oxygen saturation (sO2) in tissues using PAI. High-frequency color Doppler imaging enables the visualization of blood flow with high resolution. Tumor oxygenation and vascularization were studied in vivo during the growth of three different subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lymphomas (VFN-M1, VFN-M2 and VFN-M5 R1). Similar values of sO2 (sO2 Vital), determined from US-PAI volumetric analysis, were obtained in small and large VFN-M1 tumors ranging from 37.9 ± 2.2 to 40.5 ± 6.0 sO2 Vital (%) and 37.5 ± 4.0 to 35.7 ± 4.6 sO2 Vital (%) for small and large VFN-M2 PDXs. In contrast, the higher sO2 Vital values ranging from 57.1 ± 4.8 to 40.8 ± 5.7 sO2 Vital (%) (small to large) of VFN-M5 R1 tumors corresponds with the higher aggressiveness of that PDX model. The different tumor percentage vascularization (assessed as micro-vessel areas) of VFN-M1, VFN-M2 and VFN-M5 R1 obtained by color Doppler (2.8 ± 0.1%, 3.8 ± 0.8% and 10.3 ± 2.7%) in large-stage tumors clearly corresponds with their diverse growth and aggressiveness. The data obtained by color Doppler were validated by histology. In conclusion, US-PAI rapidly and accurately provided relevant and reproducible information on tissue oxygenation in PDX tumors in real time without the need for a contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keša
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Pokorná
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vočková
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Department of Medicine-Hematology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Radek Jakša
- Institute of Pathology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Department of Medicine-Hematology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Jardim-Perassi BV, Mu W, Huang S, Tomaszewski MR, Poleszczuk J, Abdalah MA, Budzevich MM, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Reed DR, Bui MM, Johnson JO, Martinez GV, Gillies RJ. Deep-learning and MR images to target hypoxic habitats with evofosfamide in preclinical models of sarcoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:5313-5329. [PMID: 33859749 PMCID: PMC8039958 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypoxic regions (habitats) within tumors are heterogeneously distributed and can be widely variant. Hypoxic habitats are generally pan-therapy resistant. For this reason, hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) have been developed to target these resistant volumes. The HAP evofosfamide (TH-302) has shown promise in preclinical and early clinical trials of sarcoma. However, in a phase III clinical trial of non-resectable soft tissue sarcomas, TH-302 did not improve survival in combination with doxorubicin (Dox), possibly due to a lack of patient stratification based on hypoxic status. Therefore, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify hypoxic habitats and non-invasively follow therapies response in sarcoma mouse models. Methods: We developed deep-learning (DL) models to identify hypoxia, using multiparametric MRI and co-registered histology, and monitored response to TH-302 in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of rhabdomyosarcoma and a syngeneic model of fibrosarcoma (radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, RIF-1). Results: A DL convolutional neural network showed strong correlations (>0.76) between the true hypoxia fraction in histology and the predicted hypoxia fraction in multiparametric MRI. TH-302 monotherapy or in combination with Dox delayed tumor growth and increased survival in the hypoxic PDX model (p<0.05), but not in the RIF-1 model, which had a lower volume of hypoxic habitats. Control studies showed that RIF-1 resistance was due to hypoxia and not other causes. Notably, PDX tumors developed resistance to TH-302 under prolonged treatment that was not due to a reduction in hypoxic volumes. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence analysis of pre-therapy MR images can predict hypoxia and subsequent response to HAPs. This approach can be used to monitor therapy response and adapt schedules to forestall the emergence of resistance.
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Serkova NJ, Glunde K, Haney CR, Farhoud M, De Lille A, Redente EF, Simberg D, Westerly DC, Griffin L, Mason RP. Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1189-1200. [PMID: 33262127 PMCID: PMC8026542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, and the Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David C Westerly
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Tomaszewski MR, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Ortiz A, Shi Y, Costello JR, Enderling H, Rosenberg SA, Gillies RJ. Heterogeneity analysis of MRI T2 maps for measurement of early tumor response to radiotherapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4454. [PMID: 33325086 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy (XRT) is a widely used cancer treatment, yet responses vary dramatically among patients. These differences are not accounted for in clinical practice, partly due to a lack of sensitive early response biomarkers. We hypothesize that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures reflecting tumor heterogeneity can provide a sensitive and robust biomarker of early XRT response. MRI T2 mapping was performed every 72 hours following 10 Gy dose XRT in two models of pancreatic cancer propagated in the hind limb of mice. Interquartile range (IQR) of tumor T2 was presented as a potential biomarker of radiotherapy response compared with tumor growth kinetics, and biological validation was performed through quantitative histology analysis. Quantification of tumor T2 IQR showed sensitivity for detection of XRT-induced tumor changes 72 hours after treatment, outperforming T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI, with very good robustness. Histological comparison revealed that T2 IQR provides a measure of spatial heterogeneity in tumor cell density, related to radiation-induced necrosis. Early IQR changes were found to correlate to subsequent tumor volume changes, indicating promise for treatment response prediction. Our preclinical findings indicate that spatial heterogeneity analysis of T2 MRI can provide a translatable method for early radiotherapy response assessment. We propose that the method may in future be applied for personalization of radiotherapy through adaptive treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William Dominguez-Viqueira
- Small Imaging Laboratory Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Radiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - James R Costello
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen A Rosenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Ren W, Deán-Ben XL, Augath MA, Razansky D. Development of concurrent magnetic resonance imaging and volumetric optoacoustic tomography: A phantom feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000293. [PMID: 33169918 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic tomography (OAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide highly complementary capabilities for anatomical and functional imaging of living organisms. Herein, we investigate on the feasibility of combining both modalities to render concurrent images. This was achieved by introducing a specifically-designed copper-shielded spherical ultrasound array into a preclinical MRI scanner. Phantom experiments revealed that the OAT probe caused minimal distortion in the MRI images, while synchronization of the laser and the MRI pulse sequence enabled defining artifact-free acquisition windows for OAT. Good dynamic OAT contrast from superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, a commonly used agent for MRI contrast enhancement, was also observed. The hybrid OAT-MRI system thus provides an excellent platform for cross-validating functional readings of both modalities. Overall, this initial study serves to establish the technical feasibility of developing a hybrid OAT-MRI system for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Ren
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark-Aurel Augath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Dadgar S, Troncoso JR, Siegel ER, Curry NM, Griffin RJ, Dings RPM, Rajaram N. Spectroscopic investigation of radiation-induced reoxygenation in radiation-resistant tumors. Neoplasia 2021; 23:49-57. [PMID: 33220616 PMCID: PMC7683290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated radiation therapy is believed to reoxygenate and subsequently radiosensitize surviving hypoxic cancer cells. Measuring tumor reoxygenation between radiation fractions could conceivably provide an early biomarker of treatment response. However, the relationship between tumor reoxygenation and local control is not well understood. We used noninvasive optical fiber-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to monitor radiation-induced changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) in tumor xenografts grown from two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines - UM-SCC-22B and UM-SCC-47. Tumors were treated with 4 doses of 2 Gy over 2 consecutive weeks and diffuse reflectance spectra were acquired every day during the 2-week period. There was a statistically significant increase in sO2 in the treatment-responsive UM-SCC-22B tumors immediately following radiation. This reoxygenation trend was due to an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and disappeared over the next 48 h as sO2 returned to preradiation baseline values. Conversely, sO2 in the relatively radiation-resistant UM-SCC-47 tumors increased after every dose of radiation and was driven by a significant decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin (dHb). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) in the UM-SCC-47 tumors prior to radiation and up to 48 h postradiation compared with the UM-SCC-22B tumors. Our observation of a decrease in dHb, a corresponding increase in sO2, as well as greater HIF-1α expression only in UM-SCC-47 tumors strongly suggests that the reoxygenation within these tumors is due to a decrease in oxygen consumption in the cancer cells, which could potentially play a role in promoting radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Dadgar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Natalie M Curry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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20
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Liapis E, Klemm U, Karlas A, Reber J, Ntziachristos V. Resolution of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Bevacizumab-Treated Breast Tumors by Eigenspectra Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5291-5304. [PMID: 32994204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temporal and spatial hemodynamic heterogeneity as a function of tumor growth or therapy affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we employed eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) as a next-generation optoacoustic method to impart high accuracy in resolving tumor hemodynamics during bevacizumab therapy in two types of breast cancer xenografts (KPL-4 and MDA-MB-468). Patterns of tumor total hemoglobin concentration (THb) and oxygen saturation (sO2) were imaged in control and bevacizumab-treated tumors over the course of 58 days (KPL-4) and 16 days (MDA-MB-468), and the evolution of functional vasculature "normalization" was resolved macroscopically. An initial sharp drop in tumor sO2 and THb content shortly after the initiation of bevacizumab treatment was followed by a recovery in oxygenation levels. Rim-core subregion analysis revealed steep spatial oxygenation gradients in growing tumors that were reduced after bevacizumab treatment. Critically, eMSOT imaging findings were validated directly by histopathologic assessment of hypoxia (pimonidazole) and vascularity (CD31). These data demonstrate how eMSOT brings new abilities for accurate observation of entire tumor responses to challenges at spatial and temporal dimensions not available by other techniques today. SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate assessment of hypoxia and vascularization over space and time is critical for understanding tumor development and the role of spatial heterogeneity in tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Liapis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Hacker L, Brunker J, Smith ESJ, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustics resolves species-specific differences in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200056RR. [PMID: 32888263 PMCID: PMC7471783 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) enables the detection of blood hemoglobin (HB) concentration and oxygenation (sO2) with high contrast and resolution. Despite the heavy use of photoacoustically determined total hemoglobin (THb) and oxygenation (sO2) biomarkers in PAI research, their relationship with underlying biochemical blood parameters and the impact of intra- and interspecies genetic variability have yet to be established. AIM To explore the relationship between THb and sO2 photoacoustic biomarkers and the underlying biochemical blood parameters in a species-specific manner. APPROACH Experiments were performed on blood in vitro using tissue-mimicking agar phantoms. Blood was extracted from mouse, rat, human, and naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), anticoagulated in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and measured within 48 h. THb and sO2 were measured using a commercial photoacoustic tomography system (InVision 128, iThera Medical GmBH). Biochemical blood parameters such as HB concentration (g/dL), hematocrit (HCT, %), and red blood cell (RBC) count (μL - 1) were assessed using a hematology analyzer (Mythic 18 Vet, Woodley Equipment). RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between THb and biochemical HB, HCT, and RBC in mouse and rat blood. Moreover, PAI accurately recapitulated interspecies variations in HB and HCT between mouse and rat blood and resolved differences in the oxygen dissociation curves measured using sO2 between human, mouse, and rat. With these validation data in hand, we applied PAI to studies of blood obtained from naked mole-rats and could confirm the high oxygen affinity of this species in comparison to other rodents of similar size. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the high sensitivity of photoacoustically determined hemoglobin biomarkers toward species-specific variations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brunker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pharmacology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Mahmoodkalayeh S, Zarei M, Ansari MA, Kratkiewicz K, Ranjbaran M, Manwar R, Avanaki K. Improving vascular imaging with co-planar mutually guided photoacoustic and diffuse optical tomography: a simulation study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4333-4347. [PMID: 32923047 PMCID: PMC7449743 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) are functional imaging modalities that provide absorption coefficient maps of the tissue. Spatial resolution of DOT is relatively low due to light scattering characteristics of the tissue. On the other hand, although PAT can resolve regions of different absorptions with a high spatial resolution, measuring the absolute value of optical absorptions using PAT is challenging due to unknown light fluence distribution in the tissue. Development of image guidance techniques using a priori information of imaging target structure has been shown to increase the accuracy of DOT. PAT is one such method that can be used as a complementary modality to serve as a guide for DOT image reconstruction. On the other hand, estimated fluence map provided by DOT can be used to quantitatively correct PAT images. In this study we introduce a mutually-guided imaging system for fast and simultaneous optical and photoacoustic measurements of tissue absorption map, where DOT is guided by the PAT image and vice versa. Using the obtained absorption map of the tissue, we then estimate the tissue scattering map. We conducted this study using a series of simulations on digital phantoms and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ansari
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
| | - Karl Kratkiewicz
- Wayne State University, Bioengineering Department, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Mohsen Ranjbaran
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Wayne State University, Bioengineering Department, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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23
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Ghosh P, Guo Y, Ashrafi A, Chen J, Dey S, Zhong S, Liu J, Campbell J, Konduri PC, Gerberich J, Garrossian M, Mason RP, Zhang L, Liu L. Oxygen-Enhanced Optoacoustic Tomography Reveals the Effectiveness of Targeting Heme and Oxidative Phosphorylation at Normalizing Tumor Vascular Oxygenation. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3542-3555. [PMID: 32546631 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is an emerging noninvasive imaging modality that can detect real-time dynamic information about the tumor microenvironment in humans and animals. Oxygen enhanced (OE)-MSOT can monitor tumor vasculature and oxygenation during disease development or therapy. Here, we used MSOT and OE-MSOT to examine in mice the response of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts to a new class of antitumor drugs, heme-targeting agents heme-sequestering peptide 2 (HSP2) and cyclopamine tartrate (CycT). HSP2 inhibits heme uptake, while CycT inhibits heme synthesis in NSCLC cells, where heme is essential for ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation. HSP2 and CycT can inhibit ATP generation and thereby suppress NSCLC cell tumorigenic functions. MSOT showed that treatment of NSCLC tumors with HSP2 or CycT reduced total hemoglobin, increased oxygen saturation, and enhanced the amplitude of response to oxygen gas breathing challenge. HSP2 and CycT normalized tumor vasculature and improved tumor oxygenation, where levels of several hypoxia markers in NSCLC tumors were reduced by treatment with HSP2 or CycT. Furthermore, treatment with HSP2 or CycT reduced levels of angiogenic factor VEGFA, its receptor VEGFR1, and vascular marker CD34. Together, our data show that heme-targeting drugs HSP2 and CycT elicit multiple tumor-suppressing functions, such as inhibiting angiogenic function, normalizing tumor vasculature, alleviating tumor hypoxia, and inhibiting oxygen consumption and ATP generation. SIGNIFICANCE: Heme-targeting agents HSP2 and CycT effectively normalize tumor vasculature and alleviate tumor hypoxia, raising the possibility of their combination with chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapies to improve antitumor efficacy.See related commentary by Tomaszewski, p. 3461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Adnin Ashrafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Ultrasound Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanchareeka Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Shigen Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Ultrasound, The General Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hedong District, Tianjin, China
| | - James Campbell
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Jeni Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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24
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Gehrung M, Tomaszewski M, McIntyre D, Disselhorst J, Bohndiek S. Co-registration of optoacoustic tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data from murine tumour models. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 18:100147. [PMID: 32042588 PMCID: PMC6997898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As optoacoustic tomography (OT) emerges as a mainstream pre-clinical imaging modality, understanding the relationship between optoacoustic and other imaging biomarkers in the context of the underlying tissue biology becomes vitally important. Complementary insight into tumour vasculature and hypoxia can be gained using OT alongside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques. To evaluate the relationship between these metrics and the relative performance of the two modalities in assessment of tumour physiology, co-registration of their output imaging data is required. Unfortunately, this poses a significant challenge due to differences in animal positioning during imaging. Here, we present an integrated framework for registration of OT and MR image data in mice. Our framework combines a novel MR animal holder, to improve animal positioning during imaging, and a landmark-based software co-registration algorithm. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves registration of both body and tumour contours between these modalities, enabling more precise multi-modal tumour characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gehrung
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michal Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Disselhorst
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
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25
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Hester SC, Kuriakose M, Nguyen CD, Mallidi S. Role of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:260-279. [PMID: 31919853 PMCID: PMC7187279 DOI: 10.1111/php.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a phototoxic treatment with high spatial and temporal control and has shown tremendous promise in the management of cancer due to its high efficacy and minimal side effects. PDT efficacy is dictated by a complex relationship between dosimetry parameters such as the concentration of the photosensitizer at the tumor site, its spatial localization (intracellular or extracellular), light dose and distribution, oxygen distribution and concentration, and the heterogeneity of the inter- and intratumoral microenvironment. Studying and characterizing these parameters, along with monitoring tumor heterogeneity pre- and post-PDT, provides essential data for predicting therapeutic response and the design of subsequent therapies. In this review, we elucidate the role of ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging in improving PDT-mediated outcomes in cancer-from tracking photosensitizer uptake and vascular destruction, to measuring oxygenation dynamics and the overall evaluation of tumor responses. We also present recent advances in multifunctional theranostic nanomaterials that can improve either US or photoacoustic imaging contrast, as well as deliver photosensitizers specifically to tumors. Given the wide availability, low-cost, portability and nonionizing nature of US and photoacoustic imaging, together with their capabilities of providing multiparametric morphological and functional information, these technologies are thusly inimitable when deployed in conjunction with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Hester
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
| | - Maju Kuriakose
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
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26
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HemoSYS: A Toolkit for Image-based Systems Biology of Tumor Hemodynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2372. [PMID: 32047171 PMCID: PMC7012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tumor hemodynamics are a critical determinant of a tumor’s microenvironment (TME), and profoundly affect drug delivery, therapeutic efficacy and the emergence of drug and radio-resistance. Since multiple hemodynamic variables can simultaneously exhibit transient and spatiotemporally heterogeneous behavior, there is an exigent need for analysis tools that employ multiple variables to characterize the anomalous hemodynamics within the TME. To address this, we developed a new toolkit called HemoSYS for quantifying the hemodynamic landscape within angiogenic microenvironments. It employs multivariable time-series data such as in vivo tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and intravascular oxygen saturation (Hbsat) acquired concurrently using a wide-field multicontrast optical imaging system. The HemoSYS toolkit consists of propagation, clustering, coupling, perturbation and Fourier analysis modules. We demonstrate the utility of each module for characterizing the in vivo hemodynamic landscape of an orthotropic breast cancer model. With HemoSYS, we successfully described: (i) the propagation dynamics of acute hypoxia; (ii) the initiation and dissolution of distinct hemodynamic niches; (iii) tumor blood flow regulation via local vasomotion; (iv) the hemodynamic response to a systemic perturbation with carbogen gas; and (v) frequency domain analysis of hemodynamic heterogeneity in the TME. HemoSYS (freely downloadable via the internet) enables vascular phenotyping from multicontrast in vivo optical imaging data. Its modular design also enables characterization of non-tumor hemodynamics (e.g. brain), other preclinical disease models (e.g. stroke), vascular-targeted therapeutics, and hemodynamic data from other imaging modalities (e.g. MRI).
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27
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de Maar JS, Sofias AM, Porta Siegel T, Vreeken RJ, Moonen C, Bos C, Deckers R. Spatial heterogeneity of nanomedicine investigated by multiscale imaging of the drug, the nanoparticle and the tumour environment. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1884-1909. [PMID: 32042343 PMCID: PMC6993242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and phenotypic tumour heterogeneity is an important cause of therapy resistance. Moreover, non-uniform spatial drug distribution in cancer treatment may cause pseudo-resistance, meaning that a treatment is ineffective because the drug does not reach its target at sufficient concentrations. Together with tumour heterogeneity, non-uniform drug distribution causes “therapy heterogeneity”: a spatially heterogeneous treatment effect. Spatial heterogeneity in drug distribution occurs on all scales ranging from interpatient differences to intratumour differences on tissue or cellular scale. Nanomedicine aims to improve the balance between efficacy and safety of drugs by targeting drug-loaded nanoparticles specifically to tumours. Spatial heterogeneity in nanoparticle and payload distribution could be an important factor that limits their efficacy in patients. Therefore, imaging spatial nanoparticle distribution and imaging the tumour environment giving rise to this distribution could help understand (lack of) clinical success of nanomedicine. Imaging the nanoparticle, drug and tumour environment can lead to improvements of new nanotherapies, increase understanding of underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous distribution, facilitate patient selection for nanotherapies and help assess the effect of treatments that aim to reduce heterogeneity in nanoparticle distribution. In this review, we discuss three groups of imaging modalities applied in nanomedicine research: non-invasive clinical imaging methods (nuclear imaging, MRI, CT, ultrasound), optical imaging and mass spectrometry imaging. Because each imaging modality provides information at a different scale and has its own strengths and weaknesses, choosing wisely and combining modalities will lead to a wealth of information that will help bring nanomedicine forward.
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28
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Hochuli R, An L, Beard PC, Cox BT. Estimating blood oxygenation from photoacoustic images: can a simple linear spectroscopic inversion ever work? JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 31849203 PMCID: PMC7005536 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Linear spectroscopic inversions, in which photoacoustic amplitudes are assumed to be directly proportional to absorption coefficients, are widely used in photoacoustic imaging to estimate blood oxygen saturation because of their simplicity. Unfortunately, they do not account for the spatially varying wavelength-dependence of the light fluence within the tissue, which introduces "spectral coloring," a potentially significant source of error. However, accurately correcting for spectral coloring is challenging, so we investigated whether there are conditions, e.g., sets of wavelengths, where it is possible to ignore the spectral coloring and still obtain accurate oxygenation measurements using linear inversions. Accurate estimates of oxygenation can be obtained when the wavelengths are chosen to (i) minimize spectral coloring, (ii) avoid ill-conditioning, and (iii) maintain a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the estimates to be meaningful. It is not obvious which wavelengths will satisfy these conditions, and they are very likely to vary for different imaging scenarios, making it difficult to find general rules. Through the use of numerical simulations, we isolated the effect of spectral coloring from sources of experimental error. It was shown that using wavelengths between 500 nm and 1000 nm yields inaccurate estimates of oxygenation and that careful selection of wavelengths in the 620- to 920-nm range can yield more accurate oxygenation values. However, this is only achievable with a good prior estimate of the true oxygenation. Even in this idealized case, it was shown that considerable care must be exercised over the choice of wavelengths when using linear spectroscopic inversions to obtain accurate estimates of blood oxygenation. This suggests that for a particular imaging scenario, obtaining accurate and reliable oxygenation estimates using linear spectroscopic inversions requires careful modeling or experimental studies of that scenario, taking account of the instrumentation, tissue anatomy, likely sO2 range, and image formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hochuli
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu An
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C. Beard
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Cox
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Benjamin T. Cox, E-mail:
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29
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Dadgar S, Rajaram N. Optical Imaging Approaches to Investigating Radiation Resistance. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1152. [PMID: 31750246 PMCID: PMC6848224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is frequently the first line of treatment for over 50% of cancer patients. While great advances have been made in improving treatment response rates and reducing damage to normal tissue, radiation resistance remains a persistent clinical problem. While hypoxia or a lack of tumor oxygenation has long been considered a key factor in causing treatment failure, recent evidence points to metabolic reprogramming under well-oxygenated conditions as a potential route to promoting radiation resistance. In this review, we present recent studies from our lab and others that use high-resolution optical imaging as well as clinical translational optical spectroscopy to shine light on the biological basis of radiation resistance. Two-photon microscopy of endogenous cellular metabolism has identified key changes in both mitochondrial structure and function that are specific to radiation-resistant cells and help promote cell survival in response to radiation. Optical spectroscopic approaches, such as diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy have demonstrated functional and molecular differences between radiation-resistant and sensitive tumors in response to radiation. These studies have uncovered key changes in metabolic pathways and present a viable route to clinical translation of optical technologies to determine radiation resistance at a very early stage in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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30
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Klibanov AL, Hu S. Monitoring Oxygenation Levels Deep in the Tumor Core: Noninvasive Imaging of Hypoxia, Now in Real-Time 3D. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4577-4579. [PMID: 31519775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the way hypoxia influences tumor biology is important; to study tumor hypoxia, simple and robust quantification of tissue oxygenation levels in vivo is necessary. Real-time noninvasive imaging without the use of expensive large equipment (PET or MRI) is most desirable. Photoacoustic imaging, in the form of volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography, as described in this issue of Cancer Research, paves the way for tumor hypoxia studies using an intrinsic optical contrast agent (hemoglobin), up to cm depth and 0.1-mm spatial resolution, in real-time 3D. This approach may find use in the clinic to assess tumor status and therapeutic efficacy.See related article by Ron et al., p. 4767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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31
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Brown E, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging as a tool to probe the tumour microenvironment. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039636. [PMID: 31337635 PMCID: PMC6679374 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal. Summary: This Review details the potential of photoacoustic imaging to visualise features of the tumour microenvironment such as blood vessels, hypoxia, fibrosis and immune infiltrate to provide unprecedented insight into tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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Ron A, Deán-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Razansky D. Volumetric Optoacoustic Imaging Unveils High-Resolution Patterns of Acute and Cyclic Hypoxia in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4767-4775. [PMID: 31097477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mapping tumor heterogeneity and hypoxia within a living intact organism is essential for understanding the processes involved in cancer progression and assessing long-term responses to therapies. Efficient investigations into tumor hypoxia mechanisms have been hindered by the lack of intravital imaging tools capable of multiparametric probing of entire solid tumors with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we exploit volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) for accurate, label-free delineation of tumor heterogeneity and dynamic oxygenation behavior. Mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts were imaged noninvasively during rest and oxygen stress challenge, attaining time-lapse three-dimensional oxygenation maps across entire tumors with 100 μm spatial resolution. Volumetric quantification of the hypoxic fraction rendered values of 3.9% to 21.2%, whereas the oxygen saturation (sO2) rate declined at 1.7% to 2.3% per mm in all tumors when approaching their core. Three distinct functional areas (the rim, hypoxic, and normoxic cores) were clearly discernible based on spatial sO2 profiles and responses to oxygen challenge. Notably, although sO2 readings were responsive to the challenge, deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) trends exhibited little to no variations in all mice. Dynamic analysis further revealed the presence of cyclic hypoxia patterns with a 21% average discrepancy between cyclic fractions assessed via sO2 (42.2% ± 17.3%) and HbR fluctuations (63% ± 14.1%) within the hypoxic core. These findings corroborate the strong potential of vMSOT for advancing preclinical imaging of cancer and informing clinical decisions on therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE: vMSOT provides quantitative measures of volumetric hypoxic fraction and cyclic hypoxia in a label-free and noninvasive manner, providing new readouts to aid tumor staging and treatment decision making. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/18/4767/F1.large.jpg.See related commentary by Klibanov and Hu, p. 4577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihai Ron
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Emerging Functional Imaging Biomarkers of Tumour Responses to Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020131. [PMID: 30678055 PMCID: PMC6407112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour responses to radiotherapy are currently primarily assessed by changes in size. Imaging permits non-invasive, whole-body assessment of tumour burden and guides treatment options for most tumours. However, in most tumours, changes in size are slow to manifest and can sometimes be difficult to interpret or misleading, potentially leading to prolonged durations of ineffective treatment and delays in changing therapy. Functional imaging techniques that monitor biological processes have the potential to detect tumour responses to treatment earlier and refine treatment options based on tumour biology rather than solely on size and staging. By considering the biological effects of radiotherapy, this review focusses on emerging functional imaging techniques with the potential to augment morphological imaging and serve as biomarkers of early response to radiotherapy.
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